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Climte Chnge - Everyone's Business Implictions for Fisheries nd Aquculture 
Shifts in 
fish popultions 
to higher or 
lower l titudes 
Oxygen Minimum Zones 
in the ocean are likely 
to spread 
Key Findings from the Intergovernment‹l P‹nel on Clim‹te Ch‹nge (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) For more inform‹tion ple‹se visit cisl.cm.c.uk/ipcc 
Reefs re dying fster 
thn they re growing 
Ocen cidificton 
wekens shellfish 
Climate Change Multiplies Existing Threats to the Ocean 
Fisheries provide three billion people with around 20% of their 
average intake of animal protein, and 400 million depend critically 
on sh for food. Projected climate change impacts on sheries and 
aquaculture are negative on a global scale; severely so in many regions. 
The Economics of Fish Redistribution 
Fisheries yield is projected to increase by 30–70%in high latitudes, but to fall 
by 40–60% in the tropics and Antarctica, based on 2°C warming. Large species 
such as tuna in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are likely to shift eastwards. 
Global loss of landings is projected at USD17 to 41 billion up to 2050. 
OPTIONS Undert‹ke vulner‹bility ‹ssessments. Strengthen co‹stal 
zone m‹n‹gement. Reduce ‹qu‹culture dependence on fishme‹l. 
Ded Zones re Becoming More Common 
The extent of oxygen-depleted ‘dead zones’ in coastal waters is increasing. 
These are caused by high levels of nutrient run-o˜ from land, exacerbated 
by higher water temperatures and ocean acidification. In the open ocean, 
the extent of ‘oxygen minimum zones’ (OMZs), caused by ocean warming, 
also appears to be increasing. These waters are oxygen-poor in the 
mid-layers and so are unable to support large active fish. 
OPTIONS Re‹ssess ‹nd reinforce m‹rine protected ‹re‹s. 
Protect m‹ngrove forests, se‹ gr‹ss beds ‹nd s‹lt m‹rshes. 
Negtive Eects on Shellfish 
Shellfish ‹re p‹rticul‹rly vulner‹ble to oce‹n ‹cidific‹tion ‹nd other 
ch‹nges in oce‹n chemistry. Se‹son‹l upwelling of ‹cidic w‹ters onto 
the continent‹l shelf in the C‹lifornia Current region h‹s been ‹˜ecting 
oyster h‹tcheries ‹long the co‹st of W‹shington ‹nd Oregon, ‹lthough the 
ex‹ct role of clim‹te ch‹nge is uncle‹r. However, if oce‹n pH continues to 
f‹ll, over‹ll glob‹l production of shellfish fisheries is likely to decre‹se. 
OPTIONS Reduce non-clim‹te ch‹nge-rel‹ted stressors. Policies ‹imed ‹t 
reducing fossil fuel use ‹cross economies will ‹˜ect the se‹food industry. 
Corl Reefs t Risk 
Cor‹l reef ecosystems ‹re declining r‹pidly, with the risk of coll‹pse of 
some co‹stal fisheries. If CO2 emissions continue to rise ‹t the current 
r‹te, cor‹l reef erosion is likely to outp‹ce reef building during this 
century. Incidences of cor‹l ble‹ching ‹s ‹ result of rising temper‹tures 
‹re ‹lso likely to incre‹se, with ‹ consequent loss of support ‹nd h‹bit‹t 
for fisheries ‹nd other m‹rine cre‹tures. Co‹st‹l protection ‹long with 
food resources ‹nd income from tourism ‹re consequently ‹ll ‹t risk. 
OPTIONS Cre‹te new h‹bit‹ts such ‹s ‹rtifici‹l reefs to 
‹ct ‹s fish nurseries in ‹re‹s where cor‹l destruction occurs. 
FIVE AREAS TO WATCH 
High l‹titude spring bloom systems 
Subtropic‹l gyres 
Equ‹tori‹l upwelling systems 
Co‹st‹l bound‹ry systems 
E‹stern bound‹ry current upwelling systems 
The Ocen’s Chemistry is Chnging t n Unprecedented Rte 
Ocean acidication – the result of enhanced carbon dioxide uptake from the air – puts commercially 
important sh and shellsh at risk. The ocean’s pH has already fallen by 0.1 since pre-industrial 
times, roughly corresponding to a 30% increase in acidity. If CO2 emissions continue to rise at 
the current rate, a further pH drop of 0.3 by 2100 is projected. 
Chnge in ocen surfce pH by 2100 
under the ‘business-s-usul' scenrio. 
-0.6 (MORE ACIDIC) -0.05

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Infographic: Fisheries and Aquaculture

  • 1. Climte Chnge - Everyone's Business Implictions for Fisheries nd Aquculture Shifts in fish popultions to higher or lower l titudes Oxygen Minimum Zones in the ocean are likely to spread Key Findings from the Intergovernment‹l P‹nel on Clim‹te Ch‹nge (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) For more inform‹tion ple‹se visit cisl.cm.c.uk/ipcc Reefs re dying fster thn they re growing Ocen cidificton wekens shellfish Climate Change Multiplies Existing Threats to the Ocean Fisheries provide three billion people with around 20% of their average intake of animal protein, and 400 million depend critically on sh for food. Projected climate change impacts on sheries and aquaculture are negative on a global scale; severely so in many regions. The Economics of Fish Redistribution Fisheries yield is projected to increase by 30–70%in high latitudes, but to fall by 40–60% in the tropics and Antarctica, based on 2°C warming. Large species such as tuna in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are likely to shift eastwards. Global loss of landings is projected at USD17 to 41 billion up to 2050. OPTIONS Undert‹ke vulner‹bility ‹ssessments. Strengthen co‹stal zone m‹n‹gement. Reduce ‹qu‹culture dependence on fishme‹l. Ded Zones re Becoming More Common The extent of oxygen-depleted ‘dead zones’ in coastal waters is increasing. These are caused by high levels of nutrient run-o˜ from land, exacerbated by higher water temperatures and ocean acidification. In the open ocean, the extent of ‘oxygen minimum zones’ (OMZs), caused by ocean warming, also appears to be increasing. These waters are oxygen-poor in the mid-layers and so are unable to support large active fish. OPTIONS Re‹ssess ‹nd reinforce m‹rine protected ‹re‹s. Protect m‹ngrove forests, se‹ gr‹ss beds ‹nd s‹lt m‹rshes. Negtive Eects on Shellfish Shellfish ‹re p‹rticul‹rly vulner‹ble to oce‹n ‹cidific‹tion ‹nd other ch‹nges in oce‹n chemistry. Se‹son‹l upwelling of ‹cidic w‹ters onto the continent‹l shelf in the C‹lifornia Current region h‹s been ‹˜ecting oyster h‹tcheries ‹long the co‹st of W‹shington ‹nd Oregon, ‹lthough the ex‹ct role of clim‹te ch‹nge is uncle‹r. However, if oce‹n pH continues to f‹ll, over‹ll glob‹l production of shellfish fisheries is likely to decre‹se. OPTIONS Reduce non-clim‹te ch‹nge-rel‹ted stressors. Policies ‹imed ‹t reducing fossil fuel use ‹cross economies will ‹˜ect the se‹food industry. Corl Reefs t Risk Cor‹l reef ecosystems ‹re declining r‹pidly, with the risk of coll‹pse of some co‹stal fisheries. If CO2 emissions continue to rise ‹t the current r‹te, cor‹l reef erosion is likely to outp‹ce reef building during this century. Incidences of cor‹l ble‹ching ‹s ‹ result of rising temper‹tures ‹re ‹lso likely to incre‹se, with ‹ consequent loss of support ‹nd h‹bit‹t for fisheries ‹nd other m‹rine cre‹tures. Co‹st‹l protection ‹long with food resources ‹nd income from tourism ‹re consequently ‹ll ‹t risk. OPTIONS Cre‹te new h‹bit‹ts such ‹s ‹rtifici‹l reefs to ‹ct ‹s fish nurseries in ‹re‹s where cor‹l destruction occurs. FIVE AREAS TO WATCH High l‹titude spring bloom systems Subtropic‹l gyres Equ‹tori‹l upwelling systems Co‹st‹l bound‹ry systems E‹stern bound‹ry current upwelling systems The Ocen’s Chemistry is Chnging t n Unprecedented Rte Ocean acidication – the result of enhanced carbon dioxide uptake from the air – puts commercially important sh and shellsh at risk. The ocean’s pH has already fallen by 0.1 since pre-industrial times, roughly corresponding to a 30% increase in acidity. If CO2 emissions continue to rise at the current rate, a further pH drop of 0.3 by 2100 is projected. Chnge in ocen surfce pH by 2100 under the ‘business-s-usul' scenrio. -0.6 (MORE ACIDIC) -0.05