Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of mine waste as reinforced soileSAT Journals
Abstract Mining in Goa is done by open cast method, which gives rise to huge quantity of mining waste that occupies space and forms a source for series of problems. The enomerous amount of mine waste dumped around the regions of mining activity need to be reused constructively. Hence, if the mine waste is studied for its use as a reinforced soil, then burning issue of environmental pollution caused by mining dumps lying unprotected and unstabilized can be tackled to a certain extent. Also, it will be a step towards finding an alternative material for cohesionless soil in reinforced soil construction. In this study an attempt is made to check the suitability of soil from one of the mining dumps in Goa to be used as reinforced soil. The mine waste soil samples are studied for its compressive strength and shear strength behaviour by conducting two types of tests, unconfined compressive strength test and triaxial tests on unreinforced and reinforced soil samples. The reinforcement used in the form of a grid made from natural material bamboo. The bamboo grid reinforcement is placed in one, two and three layers, for studying the effect of reinforcement on compressive strength, shear strength parameters, stiffness and modes of failure of mining waste soil. The results of the tests on mining waste show improvement in strength as a reinforced soil mass. Index Terms: Mine waste, bamboo reinforcement, unconfined compression strength and triaxial tests
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A study on the performance of circular footing embedded in geogrid reinforced...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stabilization of soft soil with granulated blast furnace slag and fly asheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Behaviour of mine waste as reinforced soileSAT Journals
Abstract Mining in Goa is done by open cast method, which gives rise to huge quantity of mining waste that occupies space and forms a source for series of problems. The enomerous amount of mine waste dumped around the regions of mining activity need to be reused constructively. Hence, if the mine waste is studied for its use as a reinforced soil, then burning issue of environmental pollution caused by mining dumps lying unprotected and unstabilized can be tackled to a certain extent. Also, it will be a step towards finding an alternative material for cohesionless soil in reinforced soil construction. In this study an attempt is made to check the suitability of soil from one of the mining dumps in Goa to be used as reinforced soil. The mine waste soil samples are studied for its compressive strength and shear strength behaviour by conducting two types of tests, unconfined compressive strength test and triaxial tests on unreinforced and reinforced soil samples. The reinforcement used in the form of a grid made from natural material bamboo. The bamboo grid reinforcement is placed in one, two and three layers, for studying the effect of reinforcement on compressive strength, shear strength parameters, stiffness and modes of failure of mining waste soil. The results of the tests on mining waste show improvement in strength as a reinforced soil mass. Index Terms: Mine waste, bamboo reinforcement, unconfined compression strength and triaxial tests
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A study on the performance of circular footing embedded in geogrid reinforced...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Stabilization of soft soil with granulated blast furnace slag and fly asheSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An experimental study of square footing resting on geo grid reinforced sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Improving the load carrying capacity of square footing resting on reinforced ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rapid growth of the big cities in the vertical direction leads to essentially of strengthening of low bearing capacity areas as the cost of land is very high and also, the disposal of the plastic wastes such as plastic bottles, bags etc. is a big problem and environmental hazards in such areas. The waste plastic bottles as geotechnical material are used to solve both geotechnical and environmental problems. The laboratory investigations are carried out to evaluate the effect of waste plastic bottles as soil reinforcement for improving bearing capacity of soil. The bearing capacity of square footing on sandy soil reinforced with waste plastic water bottles for different L/D ratio, number of layers and for different densities of foundation soil is evaluated through model test. The increase in the bearing capacity with the provision of waste plastic bottle as reinforcement is observed. Keywords: Sand, Ultimate load, Settlement, Reinforcement, U/B ratio, L/D ratio.
Bearing Capacity of Footing on Reinforced Flyash SlopeIJERA Editor
Fly ash is the waste from factories used in construction of slopes and highway embankment. The laboratory
model tests were conducted with and without reinforcement in fly ash to check the strength and stability of fly
ash slope. In this study fly ash was used as a filling material and geogrid is used as reinforcement to improve the
bearing capacity of slope. The square footing is rest at various position on steep slope of 600
and bearing
capacity is checked. From the experimental study, load and settlement were measured. For optimum
configuration the same test were conducted on circular footing.From test results it is observed that the load
carrying capacity of fly ash slope reinforced with geogrid is more than that of unreinforced slope.
Numerical study of behavior of square footing on geogrid reinforced flyash be...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Improvement of bearing capacity of square footing on compacted pond ash with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pond ash is waste by product which is producing in huge quantity by thermal power plants. The disposal of pond ash is the major problem to the environment. The way for disposing pond ash would be as a structural fill for low lying areas and used as embankment material. In this paper laboratory investigations are carried out to improve the bearing capacity of pond ash reinforced with geo-grid by conducting load tests in a model tank. The parameters varied during the tests were number of reinforcement layers and overlapping of reinforcement. The improvement of ultimate bearing capacity is observed. The ultimate bearing capacity ratios were evaluated. Keywords: Pond ash, Geogrid, Square footing, u/B, h/B, b/B, Bearing capacity ratio
Evaluation of cbr using geosynthetics in soil layerseSAT Journals
Abstract In urban areas, the service life of pavement on weaker soil subgrade affected severely due to their high compressibility and plasticity behaviour. These soils possess less strength, CBR value and have high affinity to moisture content. Also the seasonal changes affects the soil properties adversely. Stabilization techniques using geo-synthetic materials for improving properties of these types of soft subgrades. To increase the sub grade soil strength and to reduce the thickness of flexible pavement, Geo-synthetics are increasingly used in wide variety of civil engineering applications. Geo- synthetics are the cost-effective ground modification materials which acts as a reinforcement and also increases the stability and bearing capacity of soil. Many researchers recommends the use of geo-synthetic material performs good results in soil stabilization. From this view, Evaluation has been made on poorly graded sand with the inclusion of go-grid, geo-textile and geo-composite materials between soil layers in different proportions. The CBR and shear parameters are determined for different combinations of subgrade thickness. The geo-engineering properties such as Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, compaction characteristics, and CBR value of poorly graded sand were evaluated and reported. To get the maximum California bearing ratio (CBR), the present study is put forward to understand the strength change in the soil with the addition of geo-synthetic materials. Such a study would be helpful in material selection based on site condition and strength gain along with economy. Keywords: Geo-synthetics, CBR, Strength, Economy.
Study on strength characteristics of soil using soil stabiliser rbi – 81eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP MIXED COLUMN IMPROVED SOILS - A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The essence of ground improvement is to enhance the engineering properties of weak soils to provide stability and sufficient bearing capacity for construction and other engineering purposes. Deep soil mixing is one method that has been widely employed for this purpose due to the
environmental nature and efficiency of this method. In deep soil mixing, the amount of binder to be mixed with the weak soil depends on the initial moisture content of the surrounding soil. Several researchers have reported on this method of soil improvement through laboratory experiments, in situ testing and numerical modelling.
Implementation and control of integral cycle controller for resistance spot w...eSAT Journals
Abstract: The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process requires simultaneous application of high electrical current and appropriate pressure over short periods in order to keep the molten material inside the weld zone. Values of these parameters vary in function of the characteristics of the materials to be welded. The application of the electrical current is by means of two copper electrodes brought in contact with the welded parts while the required pressure is applied by means of pneumatic or hydraulic systems. This paper presents the simulation, design, and control of resistance welding system which is used for performing a welding process. The paper is discussed about two aspects. First, simulation of the concept of ICC used for the specific application of RSW. Secondly, the critical factor and method employed for the implementation of the controller. This paper also discuss about the implementation methodology of the RSW. The simulation for the RSW is carried out in PROTEUS software.
Index Word: Constant Current Feedback, Integral Cycle Control (ICC), Resistance Spot Welding, Sequential Timer.
Optimization of percentages of steel and glass fiber reinforced concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Cementitious matrices are the fragile materials that possess a low tensile strength. The addition of fibers randomly distributed in these matrices improves their resistance to cracking, substantially. However, the incorporation of fibers into a plain concrete disrupts the granular skeleton and quickly causes problems of mixing as a result of the loss of mixture workability that will be translated into a difficult concrete casting in site. This study was concerned on the one hand with optimizing the fibers reinforced concrete mixes in the fresh state, and on the other hand with assessing the mechanical behaviour of this mixture in the hardened state, in order to establish a compromise between the two states . In this paper optimization of fibers by using different percentages in steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete of grade M 70 have been studied. It optimizes 1.5% for steel Fiber content and 1% for glass fiber content by the volume of cement is used in concrete. Keywords: fibers, fragile materials, cracking, substantially
An experimental study of square footing resting on geo grid reinforced sandeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Improving the load carrying capacity of square footing resting on reinforced ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The rapid growth of the big cities in the vertical direction leads to essentially of strengthening of low bearing capacity areas as the cost of land is very high and also, the disposal of the plastic wastes such as plastic bottles, bags etc. is a big problem and environmental hazards in such areas. The waste plastic bottles as geotechnical material are used to solve both geotechnical and environmental problems. The laboratory investigations are carried out to evaluate the effect of waste plastic bottles as soil reinforcement for improving bearing capacity of soil. The bearing capacity of square footing on sandy soil reinforced with waste plastic water bottles for different L/D ratio, number of layers and for different densities of foundation soil is evaluated through model test. The increase in the bearing capacity with the provision of waste plastic bottle as reinforcement is observed. Keywords: Sand, Ultimate load, Settlement, Reinforcement, U/B ratio, L/D ratio.
Bearing Capacity of Footing on Reinforced Flyash SlopeIJERA Editor
Fly ash is the waste from factories used in construction of slopes and highway embankment. The laboratory
model tests were conducted with and without reinforcement in fly ash to check the strength and stability of fly
ash slope. In this study fly ash was used as a filling material and geogrid is used as reinforcement to improve the
bearing capacity of slope. The square footing is rest at various position on steep slope of 600
and bearing
capacity is checked. From the experimental study, load and settlement were measured. For optimum
configuration the same test were conducted on circular footing.From test results it is observed that the load
carrying capacity of fly ash slope reinforced with geogrid is more than that of unreinforced slope.
Numerical study of behavior of square footing on geogrid reinforced flyash be...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Improvement of bearing capacity of square footing on compacted pond ash with ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pond ash is waste by product which is producing in huge quantity by thermal power plants. The disposal of pond ash is the major problem to the environment. The way for disposing pond ash would be as a structural fill for low lying areas and used as embankment material. In this paper laboratory investigations are carried out to improve the bearing capacity of pond ash reinforced with geo-grid by conducting load tests in a model tank. The parameters varied during the tests were number of reinforcement layers and overlapping of reinforcement. The improvement of ultimate bearing capacity is observed. The ultimate bearing capacity ratios were evaluated. Keywords: Pond ash, Geogrid, Square footing, u/B, h/B, b/B, Bearing capacity ratio
Evaluation of cbr using geosynthetics in soil layerseSAT Journals
Abstract In urban areas, the service life of pavement on weaker soil subgrade affected severely due to their high compressibility and plasticity behaviour. These soils possess less strength, CBR value and have high affinity to moisture content. Also the seasonal changes affects the soil properties adversely. Stabilization techniques using geo-synthetic materials for improving properties of these types of soft subgrades. To increase the sub grade soil strength and to reduce the thickness of flexible pavement, Geo-synthetics are increasingly used in wide variety of civil engineering applications. Geo- synthetics are the cost-effective ground modification materials which acts as a reinforcement and also increases the stability and bearing capacity of soil. Many researchers recommends the use of geo-synthetic material performs good results in soil stabilization. From this view, Evaluation has been made on poorly graded sand with the inclusion of go-grid, geo-textile and geo-composite materials between soil layers in different proportions. The CBR and shear parameters are determined for different combinations of subgrade thickness. The geo-engineering properties such as Atterberg limits, grain size distribution, compaction characteristics, and CBR value of poorly graded sand were evaluated and reported. To get the maximum California bearing ratio (CBR), the present study is put forward to understand the strength change in the soil with the addition of geo-synthetic materials. Such a study would be helpful in material selection based on site condition and strength gain along with economy. Keywords: Geo-synthetics, CBR, Strength, Economy.
Study on strength characteristics of soil using soil stabiliser rbi – 81eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
UNDERSTANDING THE PERFORMANCE OF DEEP MIXED COLUMN IMPROVED SOILS - A REVIEWIAEME Publication
The essence of ground improvement is to enhance the engineering properties of weak soils to provide stability and sufficient bearing capacity for construction and other engineering purposes. Deep soil mixing is one method that has been widely employed for this purpose due to the
environmental nature and efficiency of this method. In deep soil mixing, the amount of binder to be mixed with the weak soil depends on the initial moisture content of the surrounding soil. Several researchers have reported on this method of soil improvement through laboratory experiments, in situ testing and numerical modelling.
Implementation and control of integral cycle controller for resistance spot w...eSAT Journals
Abstract: The Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) process requires simultaneous application of high electrical current and appropriate pressure over short periods in order to keep the molten material inside the weld zone. Values of these parameters vary in function of the characteristics of the materials to be welded. The application of the electrical current is by means of two copper electrodes brought in contact with the welded parts while the required pressure is applied by means of pneumatic or hydraulic systems. This paper presents the simulation, design, and control of resistance welding system which is used for performing a welding process. The paper is discussed about two aspects. First, simulation of the concept of ICC used for the specific application of RSW. Secondly, the critical factor and method employed for the implementation of the controller. This paper also discuss about the implementation methodology of the RSW. The simulation for the RSW is carried out in PROTEUS software.
Index Word: Constant Current Feedback, Integral Cycle Control (ICC), Resistance Spot Welding, Sequential Timer.
Optimization of percentages of steel and glass fiber reinforced concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Cementitious matrices are the fragile materials that possess a low tensile strength. The addition of fibers randomly distributed in these matrices improves their resistance to cracking, substantially. However, the incorporation of fibers into a plain concrete disrupts the granular skeleton and quickly causes problems of mixing as a result of the loss of mixture workability that will be translated into a difficult concrete casting in site. This study was concerned on the one hand with optimizing the fibers reinforced concrete mixes in the fresh state, and on the other hand with assessing the mechanical behaviour of this mixture in the hardened state, in order to establish a compromise between the two states . In this paper optimization of fibers by using different percentages in steel and glass fiber reinforced concrete of grade M 70 have been studied. It optimizes 1.5% for steel Fiber content and 1% for glass fiber content by the volume of cement is used in concrete. Keywords: fibers, fragile materials, cracking, substantially
Papercrete is a construction material which consists of re-pulped paper fiber with Portland cement or clay and/or other soil added. First patented in 1928, it was revived during the 1980s. Although perceived as an environmentally friendly material due to the significant recycled content, this is offset by the presence of cement. The material lacks standardisation, and proper use therefore requires care and experience. Eric Patterson and Mike McCain, who have been credited with independently "inventing" papercrete (they called it "padobe" and "fibrous cement"), have both contributed considerably to research into machinery to make it and ways of using it for building
In recent years, continuous basalt fibers extruded from naturally fire-resistant basalt are attracted attention as a replacement for asbestos fibers. In the last decade, basalt has emerged as a contender in the fiber reinforcement of composites. Some manufacturer of basalts claims it offers performance similar to S-2 glass fibers at a price point between S-2 glass and E-glass, and may offer manufacturers a less-expensive alternative to carbon fiber. Basalt fibre (BF) is capable to withstand very high temperature and can act as fire blocking element.
A skyscraper is a very tall, building. The minimum height requirement currently to be accepted as skyscraper is 800 feet (244 meters). The word skyscraper was first known to such buildings in the late 19th century, which reflects public amazement at the tall buildings that are being built in New York City. The structural definition of the word skyscraper was later refined by architectural, historians, based on engineering developments of the 1880's that had enabled construction of tall multi-story buildings. This definition was based on the steel skeleton as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicago's Monadnock Building.
Thus, this PDF deals with the construction and details of various skyscrapers along with their advantages and challenges both technically as well as in general perception. Necessary diagrams are given along with proper explanations.
Presentation on Polymer Modified Steel Reinforced Concrete.
This presentation represent the changes in properties with and without polymer modifications.
Accelerate the Strength Gaining Properties of Concrete by using Different Cem...ijtsrd
The present study work was carried out to determine the effect of Non Chlorides Hardening Accelerators with different cementations' materials i.e. OPC and PPC. On concrete mixtures when Non Chlorides Accelerators used in OPC mixtures with water curing, keeping the ascending dose of non chlorides hardening accelerators i.e. 0 , 0.58 , 0.73 , 0.87 .The two strength properties of concrete determined in experimental work namely compressive strength and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. The effect of accelerators enhancing the flexural strength was found to be fading at later age of concrete which was also observed in case of compressive strength. The maximum percentage gains at 7 and 28 days were 27.18 and 20.48 respectively recorded at maximum dosage of accelerators. In case of PPC mixtures, Non chlorides hardening accelerators rage kept 0 , 0.57 , 0.72 , and 0.85 . In PPC mixtures also moderate to high increase in the flexural and compressive strength was observed at early age with increasing the dosage of accelerators Hence through the result conclusion high early strength concrete mixtures can be obtained by using Non chlorides hardened accelerators and two types of cementations materials i.e. OPC and PPC. With different curing methods namely water curing and curing with membrane forming curing compounds. Rakesh Kumar | Er. Anil Kumar "Accelerate the Strength Gaining Properties of Concrete by using Different Cementtitious Materials, Non- Chlorides Hardning Acceleraters and Water Curing in Rigid Pavement" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26525.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/26525/accelerate-the-strength-gaining-properties-of-concrete-by-using-different-cementtitious-materials-non--chlorides-hardning-acceleraters-and-water-curing-in-rigid-pavement/rakesh-kumar
Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road.
Performance of cyclic loading on circular footing on geogrid reinforced sandbedeSAT Journals
Abstract Foundation is a part of structure which transmits weight of structure to the ground. In addition to static loads the foundations are subjected to dynamic loads like machine loads, seismic loads and moving wheel loads. This paper presents laboratory test results of cyclic loading on circular footing on geogrid reinforced sandbed for different densities. In this paper, works are carried out on circular footing with different densities i.e. 1.642gm/cc, 1.722gm/cc, 1.763gm/cc and with number of layers as 0, 1, 2, 3. Dynamic soil properties as coefficient of elastic uniform compression Cu, coefficient of elastic uniform shear Cτ, coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear Cψ and the coefficient of elastic non uniform compression Cφ were also determined. It has been concluded that as density of sand bed and as number of layers increases, settlement of footing decreases. Keywords : Cyclic loading, geogrid, coefficient of elastic uniform compression , coefficient of elastic uniform shear, coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear and the coefficient of elastic non uniform compression.
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Keywords: RBI- 81, UCS, CBR.
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
An experimental study on mud concrete using soil as a fine aggrgate and ld sl...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aggregates are important ingredients of concrete. Sand is used abundantly after air and water. The extensive use of these natural resources is exploiting the environment every day. many alternative materials are being used, viz., slag sand, manufactured sand, quarry dust etc., as fine aggregates; Materials such as steel slag, blast furnace slag are being used as replacement for coarse aggregates. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of Natural coarse aggregates (NCA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. This paper reports the result of different mixes obtained by partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates (CA) and complete replacement of fine aggregates (FA) by alternative material such as LD slag and Natural soil respectively. The wet compressive strength ranged from 16MPa to 20MPa for cubes made of Natural Sand and Natural Coarse Aggregates MIX-D. The wet compressive strength ranged from 18-26MPa for MIX-A; The value obtained for MIX-A was found to be 20% more compared to MIX-D. The split tensile strength ranged from 1.16-1.51MPa for MIX-A, it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix MIX-D. The flexural strength ranged from 3.04-3.41MPa for MIX-A and 2.84-3.45MPa for M4, , it was concluded that, the mud concrete mix prepared with soil and LD slag gave the satisfactory result which was intended to achieve by normal conventional concrete mix. The mud concrete with Soil and LD slag cut down the cost of mix up to 43% when compared with normal conventional concrete of equivalent grade. Keywords: MUD Concrete, LD Slag, NCA, Alternative Materials, Wet Compressive Strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of fines on liquefaction using shake table testeSAT Journals
calamities resulting into considerable damages. One of the most detrimental
effects caused due to earthquake is liquefaction. This paper deals with experimental investigation of effects of fines content on
liquefaction behavior using shake table test. A test program consisted of total 19 tests conducted on saturated cohesionless sand
with varying amount of non-plastic silt. The behavior of such silty sand in the relative density range 30 to 60% has been studied
by subjecting the specimens to a specific acceleration of 0.54g. Effect of silt content and the relative density on generation of pore
pressure and thereby initiation of liquefaction has been studied. The results obtained from the present study showed that cyclic
stress ratio (CSR) values decrease with the increase in fines content for lower relative densities. Delay in development of pore
pressure is observed with the increasing fines content. This indicates that higher silt contents at higher densities offer better
resistance to liquefaction. Further, for lower densities and lesser silt contents liquefaction occurred at pore pressure ratio even
less than one. The trend observed for CSR and relative density is similar when compared with triaxial test reported in literature.
The points where liquefaction has occurred in the field, when checked in the present study, they lie in ‘YES’ zone of liquefaction.
Keywords: Relative Density, Cyclic Stress Ratio, Pore Pressure Ratio, Liquefaction Resistance, Initiation of
Liquefaction
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Effect of skew angle on static behaviour of reinforced concrete slab bridge d...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of a skew angle on single-span reinforced concrete bridges is analyzed using the finite-element method and the results are
presented in this paper. Investigations are carried out on RC slab bridge decks with and without edge beams to study the influence of
aspect ratio, skew angle and type of load. The finite-element analysis results for skewed bridges are compared to the reference
straight bridges for dead load, IRC Class A loading and IRC 70R loading for with and without edge beam. A total of 90 bridge models
are analyzed. The variation of maximum deflection, maximum longitudinal sagging bending moment, maximum torsional moment, and
maximum support reaction with skew angle is studied for all 90 bridge deck models. The FEA results of Dead load and Live load
bending moments and deflections decreases with increase in skew angle, where as maximum support reactions increases with increase
in skew angle and the maximum torsional moment increases with skew angle up to 45 degrees and there after decreases. The benefit
of providing edge beam is reflected in significant decrease in deflection, longitudinal bending moment and torsional moment.
Keywords: Bridges, skew angle; Concrete slabs; Finite element method; span length; dead load; IRC Class A loading
and IRC Class 70R loading.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizer
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 211
INFLUENCE OF COMPACTION ENERGY ON SOIL STABILIZED WITH
CHEMICAL STABILIZER
Anjaneyappa1
, Amarnath M.S2
1
RASTA, Centre for Road Technology, Bangalore -58
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangalore University, Bangalore -56
anjaneyappa@hotmail.com, amaranth_ms@rediffmail.com
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The optimization of designs to make road infrastructure cost
effective and ensuring sustainability, particularly in regard to
consumption of large material resources is receiving increased
impetus. The performance of pavements can be improved by
improving the compaction of structural components and
subgrade.Compaction constitutes an essential part of the
number of other methods of soil improvement techniques like
soil stabilization.Manyadditives are tried to improve the
properties of soilsincluding traditional stabilizers viz., lime,
cement, bitumen, etc. andnon traditional stabilizers in the
form of industrial waste materials, chemical stabilizers.In
addition to higher compaction effort,treating soil with suitable
stabilizer may be a better alternative towards attaining a
sustainable and stable pavement structure.Recently many
patented new chemical stabilizers are accredited by Indian
Roads Congress (IRC)for use in pavement layers.In this study
a locally available loamy soil treated with one such accredited
stabilizer is compacted to four different energy levels.
Theunconfined compressive strength (UCS) and performance
of stabilized soil are evaluated.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Rauch A Fet.al, (2003) performed compaction, swell potential
and triaxialtests on clayey soils treated with commercial
stabilizers. Samples were compacted to modified Proctor
compaction and cured for 7 days. The authors concluded that
there were individual cases of some marked improvement.
Santoni RL et.al,(2003) performed UCS tests on silty sand
treated with 6 polymers. Samples were cured at 72 deg F and
40 % relative humidity for different curing period. The authors
concluded that few polymers showed significant unconfined
compressive strength improvement.
Perlindh (2004) indicates citing various studies by researchers
that compaction of a stabilized soil is important to achieve a
good quality and to obtain the desired service life of the
stabilized material. Stabilization changes the compaction
properties to give a material that needs more compaction
energy compared to untreated soil to achieve the same dry
density.Austoroads(2001) working group on road stabilization
agreed that default compaction method was 100 % standard
compaction. Because i)Most of the documented research in
Australia based on standard compaction of sample at 100% ii)
no performance data bound stabilized materials had been
presented showing either standard modified Proctor
compaction has achieved a better performance in the field.
Vorobieff(2006) concluded that the belief by some practioners
that modified compaction of the samples will provide better
performing bound stabilized pavement should be replaced
with requirement for all research testing to be conducted at
standard compaction.It may be inferred from literature that
there is need to understand the strength and performance
behaviour of soil treated with any new stabilizer compacted to
different energy levels.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 212
3. SOIL, STABILIZER AND COMPACTION
EFFORTS
Locally available loamy soil was selected for
studyinglaboratory compaction characteristics of soil treated
with stabilizer at four different compaction efforts. The
properties of soil used in the studies are presented in Table.1.
‘Soil Fix’ is a patented polymer liquid stabilizer is used for
stabilization of soil.The stabilizer is accredited by IRC for use
in pavement layers.The properties of stabilizer is presented in
Table 2. The soil was treated with 0.5, 0.75 and 1% dosage by
weight of the soil. The compaction efforts adopted in the
studies is presented in Table 3.
Table 1 Properties of Soil
Test Result
Wet sieve analysis
Gravel (%) 9
Sand ( %) 43
Silt and Clay 48
Atterberg limits
Liquid limit (%) 30
Plastic limit (%) 19
Plasticity Index (%) 11
Compaction – IS heavy
Max dry density ( kN/m3
) 19.15
Optimum moisture content (%) 12.2
CBR(%) ( 4day soaked) 9
Soil Classification SC
Table 2 Physical and Chemical Properties of Stabilizer
Appearance Milky Grey Liquid
Odour Slight
PH 8.0 - 9.0
Boiling Point approximately 100ºC (as per water)
Flammability None
Vapour Pressure As per Water
Specific Gravity > 1.0
Water Solubility Fully miscible
Table 3 Laboratory Compaction Energy Levels
Compactio
n
Energy
Level
Weig
ht of
Ham
mer,
(kg)
Heig
ht of
fall
(m)
No of
blows
No
of
lay
ers
Energy
Level
(kN-
m/m3
)
IS - light 2.6 0.31 55 3
580
Intermediat
e Energy
Level 2 (
IEL-2)
4.89 0.45 20 5 959
Intermediat
e Energy
Level -1 (
IEL -1)
4.89 0.45 30 5 1439
IS - heavy 4.89 0.45 55 5 2638
4. PREPARATION AND CURING OF SPECIMENS
TREATED WITH STABILIZER
The stabilizeris first added to water optimum moisture content
(OMC) foundat respective compaction energy level and mixed
thoroughly then added to pulverized soil. The soil and water
polymer were then thoroughly mixed and samples were
compacted to different compaction energy levels. The
cylindrical specimens of 38 mm x 76 mm size are prepared for
unconfined compression (UCS)and repeated load tests. The
specimens were kept in oven at 50o
C for 48 hours and then
cured in sunlight for durations of7,14 and 28 days.The curing
method adopted is as per recommendation of stabilizer
manufacturer.
5. INFLUENCE OFSTABILIZER OMC, MDD AT
VARIOUS COMPACTION EFFORTS
The effect of stabilizer on OMC- Maximum Dry Density
(MDD) values at different compaction energy levels is
presented in Table 4.The increase in density with respect to
increase in compaction energy is slightly higher for stabilised
soil.The OMC increases with increase in stabilizer content.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 213
Table 4 Effect of Stabilizer on OMC MDD at Various Compaction Energy Levels
Compaction Energy Level Stabilizer (%) OMC (%) MDD (KN/m3
)
IS- Light
0 14.8 16.75
0.5 15.0 16.7
0.75 15.2 16.75
1 15.2 16.9
IEL - 2
0 13.2 17.75
0.5 13.6 17.80
0.75 13.8 17.85
1 13.8 17.9
IEL - 1
0 12.8 17.80
0.5 13.6 17.82
0.75 13.8 17.9
1 13.8 17.9
IS- Heavy
0 12.2 19.15
0.5 12.2 19.20
0.75 12.6 19.34
1 13.0 19.4
6. STRENGTH AND PERFORMANCE
The UCS tests were carried out on cured soil treated
specimens with different dosages of stabilizer and results
obtained are presented in Table 5.Repeated load tests were
conducted onstabilized soil specimens compacted to different
energy levels subjected to haversine load. The frequency and
rest period adopted in the study are 1 Hz and 0.5 seconds
respectively. The influence of number of repetitions on
accumulated plastic strain for soil treated with 1% stabilizer at
0.8 stress ratio is presented in Fig.1. The resilient
characteristics are compared between stabilized and
unstabilized soils after 30000 load repetitions are presented in
Fig.2 and 3.
Table 5 Unconfined Strength Results
Compaction
Energy Level
Stabilizer (%) UCS (kPa)
Curing Period ( days)
0 7 14 28
IS- light
0 100 - - -
0.5 - - 600 820
0.75 - - 760 960
1.0 - - 780 1240
IEL -2
0 220 - - -
0.5 - 440 690 880
0.75 - 490 980 1200
1.0 - 580 1200 1490
IEL -1
0 320 - - -
0.5 - - 960 960
0.75 - - 1120 1320
1.0 - - 1360 1400
IS-Heavy
0 530 - - -
0.5 - 680 1040 1200
0.75 - 960 1180 1300
1.0 - 1320 1880 1800
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
__________________________________________________________________________________________
IC-RICE Conference Issue | Nov-2013, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 214
1000
3000
5000
7000
9000
11000
13000
15000
17000
0 50000 100000 150000
AccumulatedPlasticstrain(μ)
No of Load Repitations
Fig. 1 Relationship between Accumulated Plastic Strain and No of
Repetitions for 1% Stabilizer at 0.8 Stress Ratio
IS Light, 0.8 SR ( 656 kPa)
IEL -1, 0.8 SR, ( 768 kPa)
IS Heavy, 0.8 SR, (960 kPa)
(IS light)
(IEL-1)
(IS heavy)
(IS Light)
(IEL_1)
(IS heavy)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
ResilientModulus(MPa)
Applied Stress (kPa)
Fig. 2 Relationship Between Applied Stress and Resilient Modulus For
Unstabilized and 1% Soil Fix Stabilized Soil after 30000 Repetitions
Unstabilized
Stabilized
(IS light)
(IEL-1)
(IS heavy)
(IS Light )
(IEL-1) (IS heavy)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
AccumulatedPlasticstrain(μ)
Applied Stress (kPa)
Fig. 3 Relationship between Applied Stress and Accumulated Plastic Strain
for Unstabilized and 1% stabilized Soil after 30000 repetitions
Unstabilized
Stabilized
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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CONCLUSIONS
i) The increase in density due to increase in compaction
energy is lower for stabilized soil compared to
unstabilized soil.
ii) Increases of stabilizer content do not have significant
influence on density and OMC increases with increase
in stabilizer content.
iii) Increase in compaction energy for stabilized soil exhibit
increase in UCS, resilient modulus and decrease in
accumulated plastic strain.
REFERENCES
[1] Anjaneyappa, M.S. Amarnath and B.R. Srinivasmurthy
“Characterisation of Polymer Stabilized Soils for
Pavements” Indian Highways, Volume 40, March 2012,
pp.31-40,
[2] Per Lindh “Compaction and Strength Properties of
Stabilized and Unstabilized Fine Grained Tills”,
Doctoral Thesis, Swedish Geotechnical Institute,
Linkoping (2004).
[3] Rauch, Alan F., Harman, Jacqueline S., Katz, Lynn E.,
and Liljestrand Howard M “Effects of Liquid Soil
Stabilizers on Engineering Properties of Clays”
Transportation Research Record 1787, TRB, National
Research Council, Washington,DC.2003, pp.33-41.
[4] Santoni,Rosa L., Nieves, Miguel and Tingle, Jeb.
“Accelerated Curing of Silty Sand Using Non –
Traditional Additives”, Transportation Research
Record, TRB, Washington. (2003).
[5] Vorobieff George, “A new Approach to Laboratory
Testing of Stabilized Materials” Australian Stabilization
Industry, 22nd
ARRB Conference, (2006).