Scientific Essay Writing

Scientific Literacy Evaluation
"Scientific literacy is knowing science as a way of thinking, finding, organising and utilising
information to make decisions" (Rennie, 2005).
Evaluation
I have planned and chosen the curriculum links aligned with the activity and the outcome. I have
carefully planned the resources/ materials required for the experiment, including plain flour, soft
icing mixture and corn flour, water and food colouring. I believe that children would be engaged and
motivated in the experiment, as they observe my demonstration and the curiosity to find out the
mysterious mixture. Next time, I would ask students to bring a list of items from their kitchen
pantry, and to use one of them as an additional mixture, as they will be interested in trying out a
mixture of their choic, such as whole meal (wheat, flour), and rice flour. Next time, I would ensure
that the lesion is timed well.
Discussion...show more content...
It instantly triggered her enthusiasm and she was set ready to answer educator's questions. The
activity was mainly focussed upon chemical science. She had the basic knowledge about the state of
matter, as she could clearly identify the difference between solid and liquid (Transcript line).
However, she was unsure about the state of flour. According to Vygotsky, children can carry out
difficult things when they collaborate with adults, when compared to their own effort (McDevitt,
p.222). To clarify the child's doubt about the state of flour, educator has crafted the fourth question,
aligning with the zone of proximal development proposed by Vygotsky, presenting maximum
cognitive growth (p.223). Once she gained the confidence of making a mixture with plain flour, she
could not wait longer, as she proceeded in making the other mixtures. As she answered educator's
questions, she experimented with the mixture, observing and exploring the
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Scientific Writing Proposal
I propose to study in technical writing in scientific field, to learning effective science writing. The
metaphor of context as rhetorical situation may understate the power that context has to shape
scientific discourse. The observed study of the scientific process can be challenging, but it will
provide you with better perception of how is the scientific process in writing. The rhetorical role of
scientific discourse have can create in persuasive scientific, narrative, emotional appeals, and
innovations of imagination. Technical writing in certain field is how we write to communicate in
unique language to communicate to audience within community and to other beyond scientific
community. The significance of utilizing special language will enhance...show more content...
Interview from others student can be useful data to claim the importance of how scientific writing
shapes us in educational system. The first step I would manage my bibliography and literature view
as center of activity. Over the time the lists of articles read and cited becomes significant works. For
applying bibliography from peer–reviewed, books and other sources allow me to generate more
concepts. Using Mendeley as a tool to generate bibliographies, and annotation of texts, also
encourage communication between scientists around the sharing of references. Technology currently
impact on my ability to work. Useful data on how scientific writing using language to communicate
between scientific community and outside the community for exchange common interests, and their
requirements to work as scientific platform. In order to make the content interesting to audience;
visual aid including maps, charts, graphs, and photographs will helps audiences comprehend the
reading much better than the plain contexts. Using proofread from writing center and peers may
reduce chance of getting confuse words: heat has an effect on the reaction and heat affects the

The Scientific Method Essay
The Scientific Method is the standardized procedure that scientists are supposed to follow when
conducting experiments, in order to try to construct a reliable, consistent, and non–arbitrary
representation of our surroundings. To follow the Scientific Method is to stick very tightly to a order
of experimentation. First, the scientist must observe the phenomenon of interest. Next, the scientist
must propose a hypothesis, or idea in which the experiments will be based around. Then, through
repeated experimentation, the hypothesis can either be proven false or become a theory. If the
hypothesis is proven to be false, the scientist must reformulate his or her ideas and come up with
another hypothesis, and the experimentation begins again. This...show more content...
Furthermore, flies were observed laying eggs where the maggots formed. Thus, he concluded that
maggots are the result of flies, not spontaneous generation. He then called the principles behind his
experiment "Metodo Scientifico" or The Scientific Method.
The first cases of what would be considered properly using the Scientific Method can be found
earlier, though, back in the studies of Galileo, early in the 17th century. He first observed that
heavy objects gain speed as they fall. He then proposed, or hypothesized, that the rate of falling of
massive objects was proportional to the distance that the object has fallen. Following the Scientific
Method, he tested his hypothesis and found it to be false, since objects falling unequal distances do
not fall in the same amount of time, as his hypothesis led to. Since his hypothesis failed, he made a
new one, which proposed that the rate at which an object falls is directly proportional to the time the
object has spent falling. This was tested by rolling balls down an inclined plane and calculating the
speed and time values from those observations. Later, these experiments led to the discovery of the
gravitational constant g, and a better understanding of the Scientific Method.
The Method has been used many times since Galileo conducted his experiments, and it has been
considered a valid way of conducting experiments since

M & M Scientific Method
M&M Investigation Lab
Kayla Prendergast
Audrey Hutchison, Cara Self
Mrs. Dirrigl
8–11–16
Introduction: This M&M investigation served as a useful tool to the students. This
investigationtaught the students how to use the scientific method, and act how scientists would.
This investigation also gave the students the opportunity to learn how to write a lab report from and
experiment/investigation done in class.
Purpose: The purpose of this investigation is to learn how to write a proper lab report and how to
use the scientific method with the use of M&M's.
Prediction: It was predicted that each package of M&M's would contain the same number of candies.
Materials:
package of M&M's (47.9 g)
paper towel
paper
pencil
Methods:
1.Place paper towel on lab table.
2.Place package of M&M's on paper towel.
3.Carefully open the M&M package, and display its contents on the paper towel.
4.Separate the M&M's by color, and count the number in each group. Record data.
5.Count the total of all M&M's. Record data.
6....show more content...
The results did not support the prediction. There were different amounts of M&M's in each bag,
but the overall average was approximately 56 candies per bag. There were more orange M&M's,
and brown M&M's were found the least. An average of 9.2 green, 12.2 blue, 6.8 red, and 8.2
yellow M&M's were found as well. One further study would include a comparison of M&M's and a
similar candy like Skittles to see if skittles have the same number of candies in each bag, and
compare the two. Another study would include an investigation similar to this one. It would run the
same investigation but compare the previous study to the current one and see if the average numbers
are relatively

Ethics in Science Essay
What do you think of when you hear or see the word "science"; test tubes, Einstein, Space?
Science is "generally taken as meaning either (a) the exact sciences, such as chemistry, physics,
etc., or (b) a method of thought which obtains verifiable results by reasoning logically from
observed fact" (Orwell). Scientists are those who study science by scientific method. These "men of
science", which Orwell describes as "a biologist, and astronomer, perhaps a psychologist or a
mathematician", "work by means of induction and deduction, and that by the help of these
operations, they, in a sort of sense, wring from Nature certain other things, which are called natural
laws, and causes, and that out of these, by some cunning skill of their own,...show more content...
This undoubtedly demonstrations the pros and cons of inventions made through science. There
are people who abuse medicine, and other creations from science, for numerous different reasons.
Things like guns and nuclear weapons were formed to protect, but with the downside of killing
others. With all of this this being said, should there be a limit to things we make? More
importantly, does science have an ethical responsibility to humanity? I think to answer that
question, we need to start with deciding if scientists have an ethical responsibility to humanity. As
the saying goes, with knowledge comes power and with power comes responsibility. However,
there can be no limitation on the knowledge obtained from science. Instead, we must limit what
arises from knowledge and power. What are some responsibilities of scientists and the rest of the
population? Well, to start on the broadest sense, science should only be used for the absolute
necessary improvement of humanity. It is our ethical responsibility to not take advantage of
science to further the advancement of military power, as we have done with the creation of atomic
and nuclear bombs. Is it responsible to use science for fame, fortune and glory? No, and it is not
acceptable, but it is common for people to do so. If, for some reason, we had the option to save 80%
of endangered wildlife through scientific means, but with the consequence of harming the
atmosphere, would it be ethical to continue on? We would have

Scientific Literacy
Attempts to achieve widespread scientific literacy, however, become as difficult as understanding
concepts in science. Even if formal education can provide basic scientific literacy for students in
preparing for the workplace, science education in schools can hardly satisfy the needs of the general
public towards improvement of their scientific literacy.

Scientific Method
Scientific Method
The Scientific Method is simple set of rules meant to help people find an answer to any question
through experimentation and research. It is globally known for its effectiveness in answering
difficult problems. While some steps may seem complicated, they can be more simple then was
thought beforehand. While some people think only scientists use it, it's actually used by everyone all
the time, which is why it's important to learn the process.
While some steps are more complicated than others, there are only six to memorize. The first to find
a question that people don't know the answer to, and go from there. Step two is to form a hypothesis
as to what the answer will be. Afterwards, it is a smart decision to research the question being
answered to help understand it more. Experimentation is the next step in the process, and is more
hands on than the others. The second to last step is to collect data and information from the
experiment that was just completed. Lastly, the person using the scientific method will used the data
to determine the answer of the dilemma. However, some areas state differences in the steps, as this
is the most commonly used way of answering a problem....show more content...
Steps of the Scientific Method states that the hypothesis comes after research, for one case. Info
from Logic and the Scientific Method says next to nothing about the steps, and everything about
who used it first. Examples of testable questions are shown on Science Fair Central. Not every area
has the same information, which may make it difficult to find. However, scientists agree it's used for

The Scientific Method
The scientific method is an organized way that helps anyone answer a question or begin to solve a
problem. It is used in all types of Sciences such as Chemistry, Physics, Geology, and Psychology.
For psychologists it offers a standardized way to test a hypothesis, build on theories, and gain
knowledge about the mind. There are several steps to The Scientific Method and each step serves its
own purpose. By using the Scientific Method, you can understand better what psychologists go
through to arrive at conclusions about human behavior.
The first step in the Scientific Method is to formulate a specific question that can be tested. Once
you have identified the question, you can formulate a hypothesis. The hypothesis explains the
association between

Scientific Method
Science is an objective method used explain the natural phenomena of the universe. The practice of a
scientific method provides a detailed outline that contributes to expressing how to determine if a
theory is scientific. A continual cycle that emphasizes the techniques of observations, questions,
hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusion. The complications that arise when applying the
scientific method to all theories is that science is subject to change; therefore, it is hard to modify
extensive ideas to a few simplified steps. A scientific explanation depends on existing experimental
theories to validate or disprove present and future logical arguments. This is because previous
observations support abstract methods that may not be testable and the continual change is
dependent on specific predictions and discoveries.
Many aspects of scientific knowledge are hypothetical ideas, however, they contribute the same level
of importance compared to a logical fact. A scientific explanation is shaped from existing
intelligence to develop future studies and...show more content...
Science is revised constantly; progressive observations that support and expand on existing ideas are
documented. When new knowledge is interpreted by scientists, they must perform a series of
experimental trials. These observations can either confirm or contradict the analysis, both are
beneficial to resolving the experiment. Scientific explanations are dependent of proof. For example,
when a new theory is published, the scientific method for the examination is accessible for others to
review. The public has the capacity to acquire the experiment's reports and contribute that data to
their own hypothesis. Science is justified through the combination of solutions. Current ideas are
continually challenged by others attempting to modify and simplify them into a universal

Essay Scientific Inquiry
Scientific inquiry is a process of critical thinking and asking questions that helps determine factual
information that has been tested and proved or disproved instead of relying on assumptions and
intuition. Scientific inquiry is important in psychology, as it is in all fields of science, allowing us to
examine assumptions, assess outcomes, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, and put ideas to
the test. This scientific approach guards us against hindsight bias, believing after learning an
outcome that we would have foreseen it, known also as the knew–it–all–along phenomenon. It also
protects us from judgmental overconfidence, the bias to seek information that confirms a judgment
based on intuition. Hindsight bias and overconfidence...show more content...
This one individual, if studied, would provide a different set of data then the one's used to
conclude that smokers die younger. The survey is another useful tool that asks questions and asks
people to report their behavior or opinions. Surveying allows a psychologist to gather information
from large groups, but this can still error because the requested information relies on the wording
of a question, the group selected to respond, and the respondents giving accurate self reports. If we
were to survey students on college campus on their drinking habits we will get a very different
response from the professors on the same college campus with the same survey. Naturalistic
observation is a research method that allows us to watch and record data in a natural occurring
environment. This allows us to observe situations without external controls or manipulations.
However, naturalistic observation only permits us to describe a behavior, not explain it. The
correlation method is a statistical measure that makes data that may have gone unnoticed, now seen
to the eye by indicating the possibility of a relationship between two closely related things. Statistics
show that children today watch more television, while another shows children today read less. With
these two ideas we may predict a statistical relationship that children today read less because they
are watching more television. The down side to this approach is that correlation does not provide

Value of Science Essay
3/14/2013
Values
Science is undoubtedly a very important part of growing as the human race. It has improved our
lives drastically from the first stone tools, to iPods and cars we drive. But what is it really that
matters when it comes to science? Material things are not the only things that science gives
humanity. Richard Feynman explains his point of view of the values of science, and on how
science is used to create things beneficial and afflicting, how the values behind science are affected
by society, and how science affects people. The very first point brought up ismorality. Science is not
morally oriented to do good or bad and can easily do either. Feynman referenced a Buddhist proverb
he heard while visiting Honolulu, "To...show more content...
For example, recently we had a large hoopla about stem cell research because of the supposed
"farming babies". When in reality, the stem cells were in vitro fertilized eggs from artificially
inseminated parents that would have been thrown away. Those extra fertilized eggs contained cells
that have the capability of creating any cell in the human body, and with the future possibility of
growing replacement/repair body parts of patients; it would have been a huge leap in the medical
field. But because of our own ignorance to the science behind it, we effectively closed the continuum
of scientific progress. Feynman wrote a small poetic section putting into perspective how great and
complicated humans are, but showing how miniscule they are compared to the universe. Also, how
it is a "religious experience" to have you put into perspective through science itself. He says that
artists and singers won't sing about it because not everyone can understand the science, but the
scientists who can explain it.
The last value of science is the methodology behind being a scientist. Feynman explains how all
scientists have lots of experience with "ignorance and doubt" and after time, effort, testing and
further degrees of uncertainty, subjects can still are unsure, with doubt, and uncertainty. Logic, data,
critical thinking and reasoning can only be as important of understanding. The understanding of the
numerous struggles within science has been

Scientific Theory Essay
Scientific Theory
A scientific theory is a well–substantiated explanation of some aspects of the natural world, based on
a body of knowledge that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiment.
Scientist creates scientific theories from hypothesis that have been corroborated through the
scientific method, then gather evidence to test their accuracy. The strength of a scientific theory is
related to the diversity of phenomena it can explain, which is measured by its ability to make
falsifiable predictions with respect to the phenomena. Scientific theories are the most reliable,
rigorous, and comprehensive for of scientific knowledge.
The scientific method involves the proposal and testing of hypotheses, by deriving...show more
content...
Theories are the main goal in science and no explanation can achieve a higher rank. (to the belief
that "theories" become "laws" over time). In some cases, theories can unify. Two or more theories
can be replaces by a single theory which explains the previous theories as approximations or
special cases, comparable to the way a theorys is connecting explanation for many confirmed
hypotheses: This is reffered to as Unification of Theories. Both scientific laws and scientific theories
are produced from scientific methods through the formation and testing of hypotheses, and can
predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are typically supported by observation and
experimental science. However, scientific laws are descriptive accounts of how nature will behave
under certain conditions. Scientific theories are broader in scope, and give overarching explanations
of how nature works and why it exhibits certain characteristics. They are supported by evidence from
many different sources, and may contain one or more laws.
Both scientific laws and scientific theories come from the scientific method through the formation
and testing of hypotheses, and can predict the behavior of the natural world. Both are usually well
supported by observations and/or experimental evidence. However laws are descriptive accounts of
how nature will behave under certain conditions. Assumption is a

scientific literacy Essay
Scientific literacy
Introduction and audience
When talk about science, perhaps majority of us think it is less relative with real life. However, as
society developed, science encompassed us everywhere. This situation forces everyone to acquire the
ability to learn and understand science. Some may think that, scientific literacy is what a scientist
should have and nothing about normal people, however it is just too narrow. Look around the
surroundings of us, everything is conned with science. Also, we encounter science in our normal life
as well. Therefore, the ability to acquire and understand science is necessary and important, which is
called scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is the foundation of science and technology...show more
content...
Also, they might doubt the ingredient of their product (thinking creatively). What were they made
of, would that influence their health? Finally, we made the decision, it was a deceptive advertising
and we wouldn't purchase it(problem solved). This is the one typical example process of using
scientific way to solve problems.
So far, we could tell scientific literacy is useful, but does it necessary for us? The next part is
telling why it is necessary and the basic science knowledge to acquire it.
Science knowledge is necessary
As the rapid development of science and technology, everyone in society is required to acquire
higher scientific literate skill. What if one doesn't acquire scientific literacy, not only he/she could
not engage in science study or research, but would encounter difficulties in normal life. For
example, when we want to look for a book in the library, it would be so simply if we check it
online, copy the index of the book and then go find it directly. However, people who don't have the
ability to acquire computer skill would have difficult. Therefore, scientific literacy is necessary in
contemporary life.
There is no doubt that science knowledge is the significant part of scientific literacy. Therefore,
learning science is the first step. What is science? Just taking a look at our surroundings, it not hard
to find that science is everywhere. Simply example like how the lamp is lighted, which

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