The document provides limited information, simply listing a name "Dr. Sufiyan Ahmad" and the number "15". It does not contain enough contextual details to generate a multi-sentence summary.
Isolation Extraction Estimation of ArtemisininAFSATH
This document summarizes the extraction and quantification of artemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua. The plant material is extracted using solvents like methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extract is then partitioned and purified through chromatography. Artemisinin content is estimated using two methods - TLC densitometry and HPLC. Both methods involve developing a calibration curve to determine the concentration of artemisinin in the test samples. Artemisinin extracted from A. annua is used effectively to treat malaria and other diseases.
This document provides information on the extraction and identification of several phytoconstituents including curcumin, artemisinin, atropine, citral, menthol, caffeine, and reserpine. For each constituent, it describes the biological source, properties, extraction method from the source, and thin layer chromatography conditions and results for identification, including mobile phase, detecting agent, and Rf value.
Myrrh is an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem and branches of Commiphora molmol trees found in northeast Africa and southern Arabia. The trees are small, around 3 meters high, and contain schizogenous ducts and lysigenous cavities filled with a yellowish granular liquid. After making incisions in the bark, the oleo-gum resin exudes and hardens into reddish-brown tears ranging from 1.5-3 cm in diameter with an aromatic, bitter, and acrid taste and odor. Myrrh contains volatile oil, resin, gum, and bitter principles and is used in perfumes, incense, and as an antiseptic and stimulant
This document provides information on the isolation and analysis of several compounds:
1. Quinine is isolated from cinchona bark through extraction with benzene followed by crystallization. It is analyzed using thin layer chromatography.
2. Glycyrrhetinic acid is the active compound in liquorice root. It is isolated through chloroform extraction and acid hydrolysis, and analyzed with chemical tests and thin layer chromatography.
3. Rutin is isolated from eucalyptus leaves by boiling in water and recrystallization. It is analyzed using chemical tests and thin layer chromatography.
4. Podophyllotoxin, the active compound in mayapple, is extracted with methanol and benzene from
Industrial production,estimation and utilization of DiosgeninNadeemSiddiqui37
The document discusses diosgenin, a precursor used in pharmaceuticals like oral contraceptives. It is commonly extracted from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers using acid hydrolysis. The document outlines methods to extract and isolate diosgenin from plant materials like seeds and hairy roots, such as refluxing with sulfuric acid and eluting with hexane. Analytical methods to analyze diosgenin are also presented, including thin layer chromatography using antimony trichloride as a detecting agent. Diosgenin is useful as it can be used in progesterone semi-synthesis and produces estrogenic activity.
Isolation Identification and analysis of Menthol.pptxRubal Chahal
The document describes the isolation and analysis of menthol from peppermint leaves. Menthol is obtained through steam distillation or solvent extraction of dried peppermint leaves. It is identified through its melting point of 41-43°C and chemical tests. Menthol can be analyzed using techniques like thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Its main chemical constituent is menthol, which makes up 78% of the volatile oil.
This document provides information about the extraction, identification, and uses of various phytoconstituents including Forskolin, Sennosides, Diosgenin, and Digoxin. It discusses the botanical source, chemical properties, extraction methods, identification tests like TLC and HPLC, and industrial and medical uses of these constituents extracted from plants. The document is presented as part of a course on Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.
Isolation Extraction Estimation of ArtemisininAFSATH
This document summarizes the extraction and quantification of artemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua. The plant material is extracted using solvents like methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extract is then partitioned and purified through chromatography. Artemisinin content is estimated using two methods - TLC densitometry and HPLC. Both methods involve developing a calibration curve to determine the concentration of artemisinin in the test samples. Artemisinin extracted from A. annua is used effectively to treat malaria and other diseases.
This document provides information on the extraction and identification of several phytoconstituents including curcumin, artemisinin, atropine, citral, menthol, caffeine, and reserpine. For each constituent, it describes the biological source, properties, extraction method from the source, and thin layer chromatography conditions and results for identification, including mobile phase, detecting agent, and Rf value.
Myrrh is an oleo-gum-resin obtained from the stem and branches of Commiphora molmol trees found in northeast Africa and southern Arabia. The trees are small, around 3 meters high, and contain schizogenous ducts and lysigenous cavities filled with a yellowish granular liquid. After making incisions in the bark, the oleo-gum resin exudes and hardens into reddish-brown tears ranging from 1.5-3 cm in diameter with an aromatic, bitter, and acrid taste and odor. Myrrh contains volatile oil, resin, gum, and bitter principles and is used in perfumes, incense, and as an antiseptic and stimulant
This document provides information on the isolation and analysis of several compounds:
1. Quinine is isolated from cinchona bark through extraction with benzene followed by crystallization. It is analyzed using thin layer chromatography.
2. Glycyrrhetinic acid is the active compound in liquorice root. It is isolated through chloroform extraction and acid hydrolysis, and analyzed with chemical tests and thin layer chromatography.
3. Rutin is isolated from eucalyptus leaves by boiling in water and recrystallization. It is analyzed using chemical tests and thin layer chromatography.
4. Podophyllotoxin, the active compound in mayapple, is extracted with methanol and benzene from
Industrial production,estimation and utilization of DiosgeninNadeemSiddiqui37
The document discusses diosgenin, a precursor used in pharmaceuticals like oral contraceptives. It is commonly extracted from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers using acid hydrolysis. The document outlines methods to extract and isolate diosgenin from plant materials like seeds and hairy roots, such as refluxing with sulfuric acid and eluting with hexane. Analytical methods to analyze diosgenin are also presented, including thin layer chromatography using antimony trichloride as a detecting agent. Diosgenin is useful as it can be used in progesterone semi-synthesis and produces estrogenic activity.
Isolation Identification and analysis of Menthol.pptxRubal Chahal
The document describes the isolation and analysis of menthol from peppermint leaves. Menthol is obtained through steam distillation or solvent extraction of dried peppermint leaves. It is identified through its melting point of 41-43°C and chemical tests. Menthol can be analyzed using techniques like thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Its main chemical constituent is menthol, which makes up 78% of the volatile oil.
This document provides information about the extraction, identification, and uses of various phytoconstituents including Forskolin, Sennosides, Diosgenin, and Digoxin. It discusses the botanical source, chemical properties, extraction methods, identification tests like TLC and HPLC, and industrial and medical uses of these constituents extracted from plants. The document is presented as part of a course on Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHINnaseefa
This document discusses the isolation and estimation of two phytoconstituents - glycerrhizin from liquorice root and phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus. It describes the biological sources, chemical constituents, isolation methods including acid precipitation, alcohol extraction and ammonia extraction for glycerrhizin. For phyllanthin, the isolation involves extraction with petroleum ether followed by column chromatography. Estimation methods discussed are TLC densitometry, colorimetric and HPLC methods for glycerrhizin and TLC and HPLC for identifying and estimating phyllanthin.
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biogenetic studiesMs. Pooja Bhandare
Isotopes: TWO TYPES OF ISOTOPES,Radioactive isotopes.
Stable isotopes, Radiolabelled Tracers ( Radiolabelled compounds), Radiotracer Technique, Steps in Tracer Technique,
Selection of Radioisotopes.
Preparation of Radioisotopes.
Introduction/Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in biological system (Plant part) Seperation and determination of labelled compound in various biochemical reaction, Preparation of labelled compounds : Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in plant part, Root feeding, Stem feeding, Direct Injection, Floating Methods, Spray technique, Separation or Isolation of Radiolabelled compound and detection of radioisotope labelled compound. Detection and assay of Radioactive labelled compound, Detector system used (Analysis of Isotopic content). Method in Tracer Technique,
Precursor – Product sequence
Double and Multiple Labelling
. Competitive Feeding,Sequential Analysis
Applications of Tracer Technique
The document discusses various concepts and techniques used in phytochemistry including modern extraction methods like maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. It also covers isolation and purification techniques like fractional crystallization, distillation and sublimation. Methods of separation like paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and various spectroscopy techniques for identification are summarized.
This document discusses Vinca alkaloids, which are obtained from the plant Catharanthus roseus. The key Vinca alkaloids are vinblastine and vincristine, which have anticancer properties. The document outlines the extraction process of Vinca alkaloids from the plant, including using hot ethanol-water-acetic acid solution and precipitation. It also describes the isolation of vinblastine through chromatography on alumina and characterization through TLC and chemical tests.
Medicinal chemistry 5 semester all synthesis Anjali Bhardwaj
Learn All
Medicinal Chemistry synthesis of
B.Pharmacy 5th Semester
As per PCI Syllabus
List Of Drug synthesis as per PCI Syllabus for B.Pharmacy 5th Semester
-Diphenhydramine hydrochloride -Furosemide
-Triprolidine hydrochloride -Methyldopate hydrochloride
-Promethazine hydrochloride -Disopyramide phosphate
-Cimetidine -Warfarin
-Meclorethamine -Tolbutamide
-Mercaptopurine -Benzocaine
-Methotrexate -Procaine
-Nitroglycerin -Dibucaine
-Isosorbide dinitrite
-Acetazolamide
-Chlorthiazide
Isolation, Identification and Analysis of PhytoconstituentsDr. Siddhi Upadhyay
1) The document discusses the isolation, extraction and identification of various phytoconstituents like terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and resins.
2) Extraction methods like solvent extraction, fractional crystallization and chromatography are described for menthol, citral, artemisin, glycyrrhetinic acid, rutin, atropine, quinine, reserpine, caffeine and podophyllotoxin.
3) Identification tests include chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. Rf values are provided for comparison with reference standards.
Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from incisions made on several species of Styrax trees native to Southeast Asia. There are two main types - Sumatra benzoin from Styrax benzoin and Siam benzoin from Styrax tonkinesis. Sumatra benzoin contains a higher amount of benzoic and cinnamic acids which give it an aromatic odor. Siam benzoin contains mainly coniferyl benzoate and has a vanilla-like odor. Both types are used as expectorants and antiseptics in preparations like compound tincture of benzoin. They are also used industrially to add fragrance to products.
STUDY OF UTILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN THE INVESTIGATION OF BIOGENET...Nitu Singh
Accordingg to B Pharm V sem PCI syllabus of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II
This presentation includes Introduction of radioisotopes ,Tracer Techniques,Various methods and about various instrument used for tracing radioactivity in Biogenetic studies
Cyanogenetic glycosides are plant compounds containing hydrocyanic acid. Amygdalin, isolated from bitter almonds in 1830, is a prominent example. These glycosides contain derivatives of mandelonitrile that yield hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde upon hydrolysis. Over 110 plant families contain cyanogenetic glycosides, with Rosaceae being prominent. While not exhibiting specific pharmacological activity, some cyanogenetic glycosides like amygdalin and prunasin are used as flavorings. Identification involves hydrolysis releasing hydrocyanic acid, changing sodium picrate to sodium purpurate. Bitter almonds contain the cyanogenetic glycoside amygdalin, which produces hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde upon
This document discusses glycosides, glycyrhetinic acid, and rutin. It provides details on their sources, properties, structures, extraction, identification, analysis, and other chemical information. Glycosides are condensation products of sugars that hydrolyze to yield a sugar and aglycone. Glycyrhetinic acid is obtained from liquorice roots and contains triterpenoid structures. Rutin is a flavonoid found in many plants that combines quercetin and rutinose and has antioxidant properties. Extraction methods and tests for identification and quantification are outlined for each compound.
Unit II Introduction to secondary metabolite
Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta
For video lecture join to youtube channel snehal chakorkar
This document discusses the isolation, identification, and analysis methods for several important phytoconstituents including menthol, citral, curcumin, atropine, quinine, reserpine, caffeine, artemisinin, glycyrrhizin, rutin, and podophyllotoxin. Extraction is typically done using solvent extraction methods like steam distillation or soxhlet extraction. Isolation involves separation techniques like chromatography. Identification tests include chemical color reactions and thin layer chromatography to determine Rf values. Analysis uses methods like gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and confirmation against reference standards.
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in biosynthetic pathwayPOOJA KHANPARA
This document discusses using radioactive isotopes to study biogenesis by grafting mutant plant strains and observing enzymatic reactions, including reactions involving methyl magnesium bromide, hydroxy magnesium bromide, and acetic acid.
A-Terpenoids-Menthol-Citral-Artemisin.pptxANIKETH SURVE
1) Menthol, citral, and artemisin were discussed as examples of terpenoids that can be isolated from plants.
2) Menthol can be isolated from peppermint oil through hydrodistillation or steam distillation. Citral is obtained from lemon grass oil or lemon oil using hydrodistillation and fractional crystallization. Artemisin is extracted from Artemisia plants using maceration in methanol and partitioning.
3) The isolation methods, properties, chemical tests, TLC analysis, and uses of each terpenoid were outlined. Proper storage conditions were also mentioned.
Spectroscopic techniques can be used to estimate herbal drugs through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Various spectroscopic methods are described such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques can be used to detect, identify, and quantify unknown phytochemicals in herbal extracts. Specific examples are provided on using fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze extracts of Digitalis purpurea and detect components like Digoxin.
Industrial production, estimation and utilization of phytoconstituentsMahewash Sana Pathan
The document discusses the industrial production, estimation, and utilization of several phytoconstituents including forskolin, sennosides, artemisinin, diosgenin, digoxin, atropine, podophyllotoxin, caffeine, taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. For each phytoconstituent, it describes the biological source, extraction and purification methods for industrial production, analytical techniques for estimation, and applications for utilization.
The document discusses Indian gum, also known as gum acacia or gum arabic. It is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of the Acacia arabica tree. Chemically, it is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It is collected by making cuts in the bark of the tree, then dried and processed. Gum acacia is used extensively in pharmaceuticals as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and tablet binder. It is also used in food products and cosmetics for its adhesive and thickening properties.
Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types-
1. Hydrolysable
2. Condensed
The pterocarpus is an example of condensed tannins which are non-hydrolysable.
This document summarizes the production, estimation, and utilization of three phytochemicals: taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. Taxol is extracted from the bark of Pacific Yew trees through a multi-step process involving methanol extraction and partitioning with carbon tetrachloride and water. It is estimated using HPTLC and HPLC and used to treat several types of cancer. Vincristine and vinblastine are produced through plant tissue culture of Catharanthus roseus. Their crude extracts are obtained through ethyl acetate extraction and partitioning from culture filtrates. They are estimated using TLC and HPLC and used in chemotherapy for leukemia, as immunosuppressants, and for Hodgkin
Tragacanth is a gum obtained from incisions made on the stems and branches of various Astragalus species found in the Middle East, India, and Central Asia. It is collected as an exudate that dries into thin, ribbon-like flakes that are white or pale yellow in color. Tragacanth is composed of tragacanthin, which is water soluble, and bassorin, which is water insoluble. It is used as a thickening, suspending, and emulsifying agent in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to its high viscosity when dissolved in water.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISOLATION AND ESTIMATION OF GLYCERRHIZIN AND PHYLLANTHINnaseefa
This document discusses the isolation and estimation of two phytoconstituents - glycerrhizin from liquorice root and phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus. It describes the biological sources, chemical constituents, isolation methods including acid precipitation, alcohol extraction and ammonia extraction for glycerrhizin. For phyllanthin, the isolation involves extraction with petroleum ether followed by column chromatography. Estimation methods discussed are TLC densitometry, colorimetric and HPLC methods for glycerrhizin and TLC and HPLC for identifying and estimating phyllanthin.
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in the investigation of biogenetic studiesMs. Pooja Bhandare
Isotopes: TWO TYPES OF ISOTOPES,Radioactive isotopes.
Stable isotopes, Radiolabelled Tracers ( Radiolabelled compounds), Radiotracer Technique, Steps in Tracer Technique,
Selection of Radioisotopes.
Preparation of Radioisotopes.
Introduction/Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in biological system (Plant part) Seperation and determination of labelled compound in various biochemical reaction, Preparation of labelled compounds : Insertion of Radiolabelled compound in plant part, Root feeding, Stem feeding, Direct Injection, Floating Methods, Spray technique, Separation or Isolation of Radiolabelled compound and detection of radioisotope labelled compound. Detection and assay of Radioactive labelled compound, Detector system used (Analysis of Isotopic content). Method in Tracer Technique,
Precursor – Product sequence
Double and Multiple Labelling
. Competitive Feeding,Sequential Analysis
Applications of Tracer Technique
The document discusses various concepts and techniques used in phytochemistry including modern extraction methods like maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. It also covers isolation and purification techniques like fractional crystallization, distillation and sublimation. Methods of separation like paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography and various spectroscopy techniques for identification are summarized.
This document discusses Vinca alkaloids, which are obtained from the plant Catharanthus roseus. The key Vinca alkaloids are vinblastine and vincristine, which have anticancer properties. The document outlines the extraction process of Vinca alkaloids from the plant, including using hot ethanol-water-acetic acid solution and precipitation. It also describes the isolation of vinblastine through chromatography on alumina and characterization through TLC and chemical tests.
Medicinal chemistry 5 semester all synthesis Anjali Bhardwaj
Learn All
Medicinal Chemistry synthesis of
B.Pharmacy 5th Semester
As per PCI Syllabus
List Of Drug synthesis as per PCI Syllabus for B.Pharmacy 5th Semester
-Diphenhydramine hydrochloride -Furosemide
-Triprolidine hydrochloride -Methyldopate hydrochloride
-Promethazine hydrochloride -Disopyramide phosphate
-Cimetidine -Warfarin
-Meclorethamine -Tolbutamide
-Mercaptopurine -Benzocaine
-Methotrexate -Procaine
-Nitroglycerin -Dibucaine
-Isosorbide dinitrite
-Acetazolamide
-Chlorthiazide
Isolation, Identification and Analysis of PhytoconstituentsDr. Siddhi Upadhyay
1) The document discusses the isolation, extraction and identification of various phytoconstituents like terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and resins.
2) Extraction methods like solvent extraction, fractional crystallization and chromatography are described for menthol, citral, artemisin, glycyrrhetinic acid, rutin, atropine, quinine, reserpine, caffeine and podophyllotoxin.
3) Identification tests include chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. Rf values are provided for comparison with reference standards.
Benzoin is a balsamic resin obtained from incisions made on several species of Styrax trees native to Southeast Asia. There are two main types - Sumatra benzoin from Styrax benzoin and Siam benzoin from Styrax tonkinesis. Sumatra benzoin contains a higher amount of benzoic and cinnamic acids which give it an aromatic odor. Siam benzoin contains mainly coniferyl benzoate and has a vanilla-like odor. Both types are used as expectorants and antiseptics in preparations like compound tincture of benzoin. They are also used industrially to add fragrance to products.
STUDY OF UTILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN THE INVESTIGATION OF BIOGENET...Nitu Singh
Accordingg to B Pharm V sem PCI syllabus of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II
This presentation includes Introduction of radioisotopes ,Tracer Techniques,Various methods and about various instrument used for tracing radioactivity in Biogenetic studies
Cyanogenetic glycosides are plant compounds containing hydrocyanic acid. Amygdalin, isolated from bitter almonds in 1830, is a prominent example. These glycosides contain derivatives of mandelonitrile that yield hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde upon hydrolysis. Over 110 plant families contain cyanogenetic glycosides, with Rosaceae being prominent. While not exhibiting specific pharmacological activity, some cyanogenetic glycosides like amygdalin and prunasin are used as flavorings. Identification involves hydrolysis releasing hydrocyanic acid, changing sodium picrate to sodium purpurate. Bitter almonds contain the cyanogenetic glycoside amygdalin, which produces hydrocyanic acid and benzaldehyde upon
This document discusses glycosides, glycyrhetinic acid, and rutin. It provides details on their sources, properties, structures, extraction, identification, analysis, and other chemical information. Glycosides are condensation products of sugars that hydrolyze to yield a sugar and aglycone. Glycyrhetinic acid is obtained from liquorice roots and contains triterpenoid structures. Rutin is a flavonoid found in many plants that combines quercetin and rutinose and has antioxidant properties. Extraction methods and tests for identification and quantification are outlined for each compound.
Unit II Introduction to secondary metabolite
Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids: Lignans, Tea, Ruta
For video lecture join to youtube channel snehal chakorkar
This document discusses the isolation, identification, and analysis methods for several important phytoconstituents including menthol, citral, curcumin, atropine, quinine, reserpine, caffeine, artemisinin, glycyrrhizin, rutin, and podophyllotoxin. Extraction is typically done using solvent extraction methods like steam distillation or soxhlet extraction. Isolation involves separation techniques like chromatography. Identification tests include chemical color reactions and thin layer chromatography to determine Rf values. Analysis uses methods like gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and confirmation against reference standards.
Utilization of radioactive isotopes in biosynthetic pathwayPOOJA KHANPARA
This document discusses using radioactive isotopes to study biogenesis by grafting mutant plant strains and observing enzymatic reactions, including reactions involving methyl magnesium bromide, hydroxy magnesium bromide, and acetic acid.
A-Terpenoids-Menthol-Citral-Artemisin.pptxANIKETH SURVE
1) Menthol, citral, and artemisin were discussed as examples of terpenoids that can be isolated from plants.
2) Menthol can be isolated from peppermint oil through hydrodistillation or steam distillation. Citral is obtained from lemon grass oil or lemon oil using hydrodistillation and fractional crystallization. Artemisin is extracted from Artemisia plants using maceration in methanol and partitioning.
3) The isolation methods, properties, chemical tests, TLC analysis, and uses of each terpenoid were outlined. Proper storage conditions were also mentioned.
Spectroscopic techniques can be used to estimate herbal drugs through qualitative and quantitative analysis. Various spectroscopic methods are described such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. These techniques can be used to detect, identify, and quantify unknown phytochemicals in herbal extracts. Specific examples are provided on using fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze extracts of Digitalis purpurea and detect components like Digoxin.
Industrial production, estimation and utilization of phytoconstituentsMahewash Sana Pathan
The document discusses the industrial production, estimation, and utilization of several phytoconstituents including forskolin, sennosides, artemisinin, diosgenin, digoxin, atropine, podophyllotoxin, caffeine, taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. For each phytoconstituent, it describes the biological source, extraction and purification methods for industrial production, analytical techniques for estimation, and applications for utilization.
The document discusses Indian gum, also known as gum acacia or gum arabic. It is a dried exudate obtained from the stems and branches of the Acacia arabica tree. Chemically, it is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. It is collected by making cuts in the bark of the tree, then dried and processed. Gum acacia is used extensively in pharmaceuticals as an emulsifier, thickening agent, and tablet binder. It is also used in food products and cosmetics for its adhesive and thickening properties.
Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types-
1. Hydrolysable
2. Condensed
The pterocarpus is an example of condensed tannins which are non-hydrolysable.
This document summarizes the production, estimation, and utilization of three phytochemicals: taxol, vincristine, and vinblastine. Taxol is extracted from the bark of Pacific Yew trees through a multi-step process involving methanol extraction and partitioning with carbon tetrachloride and water. It is estimated using HPTLC and HPLC and used to treat several types of cancer. Vincristine and vinblastine are produced through plant tissue culture of Catharanthus roseus. Their crude extracts are obtained through ethyl acetate extraction and partitioning from culture filtrates. They are estimated using TLC and HPLC and used in chemotherapy for leukemia, as immunosuppressants, and for Hodgkin
Tragacanth is a gum obtained from incisions made on the stems and branches of various Astragalus species found in the Middle East, India, and Central Asia. It is collected as an exudate that dries into thin, ribbon-like flakes that are white or pale yellow in color. Tragacanth is composed of tragacanthin, which is water soluble, and bassorin, which is water insoluble. It is used as a thickening, suspending, and emulsifying agent in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to its high viscosity when dissolved in water.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.