Pak indo relation

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
PROJECT
PAK - INDIA TIES:
Group members:
 Samrana Gultasab
 Saman Zahoor
12/24/2016 12:26 PM 1
PAK - INDIA TIES:
Relationship between Pak &
India
These two states of South Asia share
• Historic
• Cultural
• Geographic
• Economic links
But their relationship has been filled with
• Hostility
• Doubt.
History
Some major conflicts and disputes between Pak
and India are:
• Partition of British India in 1947
• Kashmir dispute
• Water crisis
• Sir creek issue
• Rann of kutch
• Siachen issue
• Nuclear Deterrence
• Many military conflicts
History(Cont)…
• In the early 20th century, the Two Nation Theory
proposed by Jinnah
• Jinnah and Gandhi’s overheated discussions during
times of Independence
• Around five hundred thousand Muslims and
Hindus were murdered
• In 1947 created two large independent countries;
the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan
• Displaced around 12.5 million people
Stumbling Blocks
• After Independence, India and Pakistan had
formed diplomatic relations
• Partition and territorial conflicts effected this
relation
• Fought three wars
• Involved in various armed skirmishes and military
standstills
• Conflicts with the creation of Bangladesh &
Kashmir
Steps taken for betterment
Steps taken to better the relation inlcudes:
• Agra Summit
• Shimla Summit
• The Lahore Summit
Conflicts
After 1980, hostility between
two nations mainly because of:
• The Siachen conflict
• The worsening of the Kashmir insurgency in 1989
• The nuclear tests of India and Pakistan in 1998
• In 1999 the Kargil War
• Attack on the Indian Parliament in 2001
• Bombings in 2007 of the Samjhauta express
• 2008 Mumbai attacks carried out by Pakistani
militants
Borders between India and
Pakistan
Radcliffe Line:
• From the Arabian sea, the
naval border follows the
course of Manora Island
of Pakistan to the course
of Mumbai Harbour, in the South eastward
• A site of numerous conflict and wars
• One of the most complex borders in the world
Borders(cont)
Line of Control (LoC):
• Refers to the military control
line which separates the Indian
Jammu Kashmir and Azad
Kashmir of Pakistan
• Not a legally recognized international boundary
• Originally known as the "Cease-fire Line“
• Named LOC following the Simla Agreement, 3
July 1972
Borders(cont)
International Border (IB):
• Separates the Indian states
and the four provinces of Pak
• Running from the Line of
Control (LoC), in the north,
to Wagha line, in the eastward
• Zero Point separates the Indian
states of Gujarat and Rajasthan
to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the southward
Borders(cont)
Wagah border:
• Lies on the Grand Trunk Road
between the cities of Amritsar
in Punjab, India and Lahore in
Punjab, Pakistan
• Only road border
• At a distance of 20 kms from
Amritsar and 22 kms from Lahore.
DIPLOMACIES
Diplomacies
TRACK TWO DIPLOMACY
• First meeting held in Neemrana Fort in Rajhasthan(1991)
• More than twelve Track Two groups.
• Over twenty other people-to-people exchange programmes.
• A useful and effective conflict management mechanism.
• Facilitate the track one dialogue process between the two
countries.
• Dialogue process immediately after the Kargil crises in
late 90’s.
• Role after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.
Diplomacies (Cont)
• CULTURAL DIPLOMACY
• Pakistan India cultural relationship can be analyzed
in terms of
 Media,
 Literature,
 Cricket,
 Electronic media,
 Exchange of artists,
 Civil society
 Peace activists (e.g. NGOs, GCO,ASSP) and
 Educational corporation.
Diplomacies (Cont)
CRICKET DIPLOMACY
• Pakistani President General Zia-ul-Haq visit to
India to watch a Test match in 1987.
• Grapevine about President Zia whispering to
Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi that Pakistan had the
nuclear bomb. Help lower the temperature.
• President Musharraf invited by PM Manmohan
Singh on April 17, 2005, and the match ended
very badly for India.
Diplomacies (Cont)
TRADE DIPLOMACY
ONION DIPLOMACY
• A crippling shortage of onions in India now and then, due to drought
or other conditions forces New Delhi to turn to Islamabad for
help.
MANGO DIPLOMACY
• PM Nawaz Sharif attempt to reach out to his counterpart Narendra
Modi after the acrimony over Pakistan high commissioner Abdul
Basit's meeting with separatists in September 2014, which forced
India to cancel the foreign secretary-level dialogue
• In 2010, Manmohan Singh to Yusuf Raza Gilani.
• Exchanged ‘Anwar Rataul’ mangoesIn early 1980s Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi and Pakistani leader Gen Zia-ul Haq.
• In 2001, General Pervez Musharraf to Atal Bihari Vajpayee and
Home Minister L K Advani.
Diplomacies (Cont)
BACK CHANEL DIPLOMACY
• Started in 2004-2007
• Establish conditions of peace based on the principle of the
Charter of United Nations and the peaceful coexistence
between the countries..
• Agreements on Kashmir Issue.
• Steve Coll in the New Yorker of March 2, 2009, in an
article titled “The Back Channel declared it ‘cleansing
peace’ and a transformational peace between Pakistan and
India.
• Pakistan has also tried later to revive the diplomacy, as a
part of an effort to normalize ties between the two nuclear
neighbors, also more recently in 2013 and 2104.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Wars
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Kashmir War(1947-49)
• Kashmir had to accede to either Pakistan or India
based on geographic location and on demographics
• April 1948: Pakistan Army
appreciating the threats in
Muzaffarabad-Kohala axis
• By June, Pakistan had five
brigades holding twelve
Indian brigades
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Kashmir War(1947-49)
Operation Venus
• On Dec 14, by bombardmentBeri Pattan bridge area
was destroyed
• At midnight on 30
December, India asked for
ceasefire Pakistan accepted
• It halted the Indian
offensive
• Closing up to Pakistan 's vital border areas, thus
ended the war in Jammu and Kashmir
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1965 War
• Indian forces intruded in Rann of Kutch in
April 1965
• Indian forces were ejected, an agreement was
signed: the forces disengaged
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1965 War(continue)
• Past midnight on 5/6 September
• Indian Army crossed the border
• Attacked Lahore and Kasur fronts
The land battle:
Biggest tank battle:
PAKISTAN INDIA
Patton tanks M4 Sherman tanks
M4 Sherman tanks
(equipped with
90mm guns)
M4 Sherman
tanks(equipped
with 75mm guns)
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1965 War(continue)
• The air battle:
On 7 September, Squadron Leader
M.M.ALAM(Sitara-i-Juraat) in
his F-86 Sabre shot down five
Indian attacking Hunter aircraft
in a single sortie
Pakistan Army captured:
20 officers, 19 Junior Commissioned Officers, and
569 Other Ranks.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1971 War
•Tragic year
• India support for independence
of Bangladesh
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1971 War(continued)
• In November India’s massive build up on East
Pakistan border
• 23rd Nov, state of emergency
• 180 Bombs were dropped by
Pakistan, 125 was on target on
Indian air fields
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1971 War(continued)
Mitro Bahini(Allied forces between Indian
army and Mukti Bahini)
• The land battle :
India captured around 5,500 sq
miles of Pakistan territory
• The sea battle:
Indian Navy proved its superiority
by the success of Operation
Trident
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1971 War(continued)
• The air battle:
In the east, the small air contingent of Pakistan
Air Force No. 14 Sqn was destroyed
On December 16, the Pakistani forces in
East Pakistan surrendered
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1971 War(continued)
• India took approximately 93,000 prisoners
• The Simla Agreement
79,676 uniformed 13,324 civilians
800
PAF
5,296
POLICE
16,354
PARAMILITAR
Y
55,692
ARM
Y
1000
NAV
Y
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Kargil War
• Took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil
district of Kashmir
• The infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri
militants into positions on the Indian side of the Line
of Control, caused the war.
• Indian forced a Pakistani withdrawal across the Line
of Control (LoC).
• Pakistan captured several strategic high points in the
Indian-controlled section of Kashmir.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Kargil War(Cont)
• Pakistan occupied portions of Indian Territory in the
Kargil area
• India defeated Pakistan
• Relations worsened
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
TREATIE
S
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Karachi Agreement
Date of Agreement:
27th of July, 1949
Signed in:
Karachi
Signed by:
Pakistan’s Minister Mushtaq
Ahmed Gurmani
The President of Azad Kashmir, Sardar
Mohammed Ibrahim Khan
The head of All Jammu and Kashmir
Muslim Conference, Choudhry Ghulam Abbas
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Karachi Agreement(Cont)
Objective:
A cease-fire agreement in Kashmir
After the first war between India and Pakistan
this agreement was signed to
settle a dispute related to Kashmir between
India and Pakistan.
Result:
As a result of the agreement, ceasefire was done
in Kashmir and a
cease-fire line was established.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Liaquat-Nehru Pact
Date of Agreement: 8th of April, 195o
Signed in: New Delhi
Signed By:
Indian Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal Nehru
Pakistani Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Objective:
The safe return of the
properties of refugees and
the rights of minorities in
both countries after the Partition of India and to
avert another war between the two countries.
Liaquat-Nehru Pact(Cont)
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Date of Agreement:
19th of September, 1960
Signed in:
Karachi
Signed by:
Pakistani President, General Muhammad
Ayub Khan
Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru
Sindh Taas Agreement
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Sindh Taas Agreement(Cont)
Objective:
To settle the water dispute between the
two countries.
Result:
As a result of the pact, River Ravi, Sutlej and Beas
were given to India whereas Pakistan got the right
on the waters of River Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
The Simla Agreement
Date of Agreement:
2nd of July, 1972
Signed in:
Himachal Pradesh
Signed by:
The Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar
Ali Bhutto
The Prime Minister of India ,Indira Gandhi
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
The Simla Agreement(Cont)
Objective:
To establish peace.
Result:
India released more than
90,000 Pakistani military
prisoners of war (POWs)
and withdrew its troops
from the occupied Pakistani areas
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
The Non-Nuclear Aggression
Agreement
Date of Agreement:
21st of September, 1988
Signed in:
Islamabad
Signed by:
Prime Minister of Pakistan ,Benazir Bhutto
Prime Minister of India ,Rajiv Gandhi
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
The Non-Nuclear Aggression
Agreement(Cont)
Objective:
It was a bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty
between the two states on the reduction
(or limitation) of
nuclear arms and pledged not to attack or
assist foreign powers
to attack on each other’s nuclear installations
and facilities
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
The Lahore Declaration
Date of Agreement:
21st of February, 1999
Signed in:
Lahore
Signed by:
Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif
Prime Minister of India , Atal Vajpayee
The Lahore Declaration
Objectives:
Under the terms of the treaty, a mutual
understanding was reached towards the
development of atomic arsenals and to
avoid accidental and Unauthorized operational use
of nuclear weapons.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
PAK - INDIA TIES:
FOREIGN POLICY
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
PAK - INDIA12/24/2016 12:26 PM 46
Foreign policy refers to the sum total of
principles, interests and objectives which
a country promotes while interacting with
other countries.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah,
outlined the goals of Pakistan’s foreign
policy.
 The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to
promote the internationally recognized
norms of interstate relations, i.e.
I. Respect for sovereignty and territorial
integrity of all States,
II. Non-interference in the internal affairs
of other State;
III. Non-aggression and peaceful
settlement of disputes.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Relationship with New Delhi
Issues of Kashmir.
In 2013 and 2014, Pakistani Foreign Ministry did
not take any initiatives, because of expectation for
parliamentary elections in India.
Building a relationship with the new Prime
Minister of India.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Periods of normal relations
generally conflict changes of tough statements
three major wars
conflicts at Loc (Line of Control)
despite Pakistan’s effort to improve relations,
India was not forthcoming.
 hope of bilateral dialogue on issues.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
 Three major wars,
 A nuclear arms race,
 The dispute over Kashmir and
 Strains over water sharing rights.
 Issues of national security such as terrorism.
proponents who advocate reconciliation
Trade relations.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, outlined foreign
policy of India.
Peaceful co-existence with its
neighbour’s the rest of the world.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
Neighbourhood first policy
mini SAARC summit
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
 Complete border dominance should be
achieved.
 Rebooting former Prime Minister offer of
diplomatic overtures for dialogue with
Pakistan.
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
 Strengthen the United Nations
 Establish the principle of
equality among nations
12/24/2016 12:26 PM
1 of 55

Recommended

Relations between pakistan and india by
Relations between pakistan and indiaRelations between pakistan and india
Relations between pakistan and indiaRida Syed
21.8K views14 slides
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016 by
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016
pakistan and india relation till 1947 to 2016Usama Ahmad
36.5K views43 slides
Pakistan Foreign Policy (Phase I & II) by
Pakistan Foreign Policy (Phase I & II)Pakistan Foreign Policy (Phase I & II)
Pakistan Foreign Policy (Phase I & II)GHS Kot Takht Bhai Mardan
54.9K views19 slides
India pakistan relations by
India pakistan relationsIndia pakistan relations
India pakistan relationsAreej Fatima
33.3K views22 slides
China Pakistan Friendship and CPEC by
China Pakistan Friendship and CPEC China Pakistan Friendship and CPEC
China Pakistan Friendship and CPEC Zeeshan Akhtar
6.8K views46 slides
Pak india relations by
Pak india relationsPak india relations
Pak india relationszaeem khalid
6.3K views35 slides

More Related Content

What's hot

Pak iran relations by
Pak iran relationsPak iran relations
Pak iran relationsMinhaj Hussain
32.8K views15 slides
The kashmir conflict by
The kashmir conflictThe kashmir conflict
The kashmir conflictMuhammad Ali Bhojani
59.6K views32 slides
Pak afghan relation by
Pak afghan relationPak afghan relation
Pak afghan relationAbdul Rafay
26.5K views42 slides
Pak china relations by
Pak china relationsPak china relations
Pak china relationsRoshan3246
54.4K views9 slides
Pakistan Iran Relations by
Pakistan Iran RelationsPakistan Iran Relations
Pakistan Iran RelationsMubashar
18.2K views15 slides
Kashmir issue by
Kashmir issue Kashmir issue
Kashmir issue Muhammad Umair
63.2K views61 slides

What's hot(20)

Pak afghan relation by Abdul Rafay
Pak afghan relationPak afghan relation
Pak afghan relation
Abdul Rafay26.5K views
Pak china relations by Roshan3246
Pak china relationsPak china relations
Pak china relations
Roshan324654.4K views
Pakistan Iran Relations by Mubashar
Pakistan Iran RelationsPakistan Iran Relations
Pakistan Iran Relations
Mubashar18.2K views
Foreign Policy Of Pakistan by Sam_hasan
Foreign Policy Of PakistanForeign Policy Of Pakistan
Foreign Policy Of Pakistan
Sam_hasan57.6K views
Pak china relations by Qasim Azeem
Pak china relationsPak china relations
Pak china relations
Qasim Azeem5K views
Kashmir conflict by RIPS-14
Kashmir conflictKashmir conflict
Kashmir conflict
RIPS-1412.6K views
Pakistan-Iran Relations by aimonbhatti
Pakistan-Iran RelationsPakistan-Iran Relations
Pakistan-Iran Relations
aimonbhatti7.2K views
Pakistan-US relations by Saad Afridi
Pakistan-US relationsPakistan-US relations
Pakistan-US relations
Saad Afridi71.7K views
Security challenges of pakistan by Ujala Shaikh
Security challenges of pakistanSecurity challenges of pakistan
Security challenges of pakistan
Ujala Shaikh9.2K views
Pak US relations Report by Areej Fatima
Pak US relations ReportPak US relations Report
Pak US relations Report
Areej Fatima4.6K views
Foreign policy of pakistan by AYESHA KABEER
Foreign policy of pakistanForeign policy of pakistan
Foreign policy of pakistan
AYESHA KABEER5.6K views
Pak China Relation by shahroz alam
Pak China RelationPak China Relation
Pak China Relation
shahroz alam14.4K views
Pakistan's relations with Muslim world by Saad Afridi
Pakistan's relations with Muslim worldPakistan's relations with Muslim world
Pakistan's relations with Muslim world
Saad Afridi66.4K views

Viewers also liked

Indo pak relations by
Indo pak relationsIndo pak relations
Indo pak relationspatriotsforum
24.6K views14 slides
Indo pak relations by
Indo pak relationsIndo pak relations
Indo pak relationsFabeha Bakht
20.7K views22 slides
International Relations Between India And Pakistan by
International Relations Between India And PakistanInternational Relations Between India And Pakistan
International Relations Between India And PakistanKunal
21K views9 slides
Pakistan vs India by
Pakistan vs IndiaPakistan vs India
Pakistan vs Indiaguestc2fe81
13.6K views15 slides
Pakistan and india Relation by
Pakistan and  india RelationPakistan and  india Relation
Pakistan and india Relationtybhusnain
5K views9 slides
Pak India Relations by
Pak India RelationsPak India Relations
Pak India RelationsAhmed kamal
10K views7 slides

Viewers also liked(20)

Indo pak relations by patriotsforum
Indo pak relationsIndo pak relations
Indo pak relations
patriotsforum24.6K views
Indo pak relations by Fabeha Bakht
Indo pak relationsIndo pak relations
Indo pak relations
Fabeha Bakht20.7K views
International Relations Between India And Pakistan by Kunal
International Relations Between India And PakistanInternational Relations Between India And Pakistan
International Relations Between India And Pakistan
Kunal 21K views
Pakistan vs India by guestc2fe81
Pakistan vs IndiaPakistan vs India
Pakistan vs India
guestc2fe8113.6K views
Pakistan and india Relation by tybhusnain
Pakistan and  india RelationPakistan and  india Relation
Pakistan and india Relation
tybhusnain5K views
Pak India Relations by Ahmed kamal
Pak India RelationsPak India Relations
Pak India Relations
Ahmed kamal10K views
Economic valuation of Little Rann of Kutch by India Water Portal
Economic valuation of Little Rann of KutchEconomic valuation of Little Rann of Kutch
Economic valuation of Little Rann of Kutch
India Water Portal1.4K views
India pak Relations : Neighbours by geography, Foes by choice by Durgesh Kumar
India pak Relations : Neighbours by geography, Foes by choiceIndia pak Relations : Neighbours by geography, Foes by choice
India pak Relations : Neighbours by geography, Foes by choice
Durgesh Kumar682 views
PakISTAN & india relations IN URDU PPT BY BADSHAH by 03062679929
PakISTAN & india relations IN URDU PPT BY BADSHAHPakISTAN & india relations IN URDU PPT BY BADSHAH
PakISTAN & india relations IN URDU PPT BY BADSHAH
030626799298.1K views
The solitary reaper by balambal
The solitary reaperThe solitary reaper
The solitary reaper
balambal 3.4K views
Myths and misconceptions of indo pak history part 8 by Agha A
Myths and misconceptions of indo pak history part  8Myths and misconceptions of indo pak history part  8
Myths and misconceptions of indo pak history part 8
Agha A574 views
Issues of conflict between india and pakistan by Faizan Shabbir
Issues of conflict between india and pakistanIssues of conflict between india and pakistan
Issues of conflict between india and pakistan
Faizan Shabbir7.6K views
Pak china relation s..... by fatma345
Pak china relation s.....Pak china relation s.....
Pak china relation s.....
fatma34514.7K views
Powerpoint by mariadrosa
PowerpointPowerpoint
Powerpoint
mariadrosa10.1K views
Pakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZ by Syed Zahoor
Pakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZPakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZ
Pakistan & India relationships Over the Years by ZZ
Syed Zahoor4.9K views
Indo pakistani war of 1971 by Raja Aleem
Indo pakistani war of 1971Indo pakistani war of 1971
Indo pakistani war of 1971
Raja Aleem50.9K views

Similar to Pak indo relation

Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration by
Kashmir issue  : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationKashmir issue  : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
440 views27 slides
Relationship of india with its neighbours by
Relationship of india with its neighboursRelationship of india with its neighbours
Relationship of india with its neighboursGujarat Commerce College
647 views27 slides
Pak India relationship by
Pak India relationship Pak India relationship
Pak India relationship Koukab Yasmeen
36 views21 slides
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN by
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTANARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTANTallat Satti
4K views55 slides
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947 by
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947ShafeekDogar
326 views27 slides
India's Defence by
India's DefenceIndia's Defence
India's DefenceShyam Vandan Mishra
1.3K views16 slides

Similar to Pak indo relation(20)

Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration by Ali Haider Saeed
Kashmir issue  : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationKashmir issue  : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
Kashmir issue : Media & Current Affairs : Student Collaboration
Ali Haider Saeed440 views
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN by Tallat Satti
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTANARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN
ARMED CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN
Tallat Satti4K views
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947 by ShafeekDogar
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947
FAMOUS AGREEMENTS SIGNED BY PAKISTAN SINCE 1947
ShafeekDogar326 views
2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt by SaniaShah9
2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt
2016KashmirPowerPointSTUDENTVERSION.ppt
SaniaShah911 views
Post Partition Problems of Pakistan by Amna Jalil
Post Partition Problems of PakistanPost Partition Problems of Pakistan
Post Partition Problems of Pakistan
Amna Jalil32.6K views
Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017 by Annumchaudhary
Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017
Kashmir dispute ERA 1947 - 2017
Annumchaudhary4.7K views
Kashmir - An Issue without solution by Saqib Shakoor
Kashmir - An Issue without solutionKashmir - An Issue without solution
Kashmir - An Issue without solution
Saqib Shakoor776 views
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx by salalSaleem
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptxKashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx
Kashmir Issues Pak St Final.pptx
salalSaleem38 views
Problems faced by muslims during partition by Umair Liaqat
Problems faced by muslims during partitionProblems faced by muslims during partition
Problems faced by muslims during partition
Umair Liaqat7.2K views
Wars that india has fought by Vishesh Dalal
Wars that india has foughtWars that india has fought
Wars that india has fought
Vishesh Dalal3.2K views
Kashmir Conflict and Possible options for its Resolution.pptx by AwaisKhanMeo
Kashmir Conflict and Possible options for its Resolution.pptxKashmir Conflict and Possible options for its Resolution.pptx
Kashmir Conflict and Possible options for its Resolution.pptx
AwaisKhanMeo23 views
Pakistan relations with neighbours by OmamaShabbir
Pakistan relations with neighboursPakistan relations with neighbours
Pakistan relations with neighbours
OmamaShabbir606 views

More from samrana gultasab

Famous scientist and inventions by
Famous scientist and inventionsFamous scientist and inventions
Famous scientist and inventionssamrana gultasab
1.2K views10 slides
Net metering ppt by
Net metering pptNet metering ppt
Net metering pptsamrana gultasab
1.1K views9 slides
Bipolartransistor by
BipolartransistorBipolartransistor
Bipolartransistorsamrana gultasab
47 views18 slides
Covid 19 by
Covid 19Covid 19
Covid 19samrana gultasab
105 views15 slides
addressing mode 1 by
addressing mode 1addressing mode 1
addressing mode 1samrana gultasab
31 views7 slides
Addressing mode by
Addressing modeAddressing mode
Addressing modesamrana gultasab
76 views14 slides

Recently uploaded

Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx by
Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxDr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
8 views24 slides
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference by
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference AKADEMIYA2063
6 views8 slides
November-2023 PPT roadsafetysuperoheros full slides.ppt by
November-2023 PPT roadsafetysuperoheros full slides.pptNovember-2023 PPT roadsafetysuperoheros full slides.ppt
November-2023 PPT roadsafetysuperoheros full slides.pptINDIAN YOUTH SECURED ORGANISATION
6 views30 slides
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docx by
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docxCOP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docx
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docxKweku Zurek
4.3K views23 slides
How to Find Contractors and Architects for Your Historic Home Renovation by
How to Find Contractors and Architects for Your Historic Home RenovationHow to Find Contractors and Architects for Your Historic Home Renovation
How to Find Contractors and Architects for Your Historic Home RenovationNational Trust for Historic Preservation
115 views8 slides
AABS project overview by
AABS project overviewAABS project overview
AABS project overviewWorldFish
26 views17 slides

Recently uploaded(20)

Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx by AKADEMIYA2063
Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxDr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
AKADEMIYA20638 views
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference by AKADEMIYA2063
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference
Mrs. Tsitsi Makombe - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference
AKADEMIYA20636 views
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docx by Kweku Zurek
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docxCOP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docx
COP 28 GHANA DELEGATES.docx
Kweku Zurek4.3K views
AABS project overview by WorldFish
AABS project overviewAABS project overview
AABS project overview
WorldFish26 views
Dr. Ousmane Badiane - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx by AKADEMIYA2063
Dr. Ousmane Badiane - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxDr. Ousmane Badiane - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
Dr. Ousmane Badiane - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
AKADEMIYA20638 views
UNiTE- Invest to Prevent Violence against Women & Girls! by Christina Parmionova
UNiTE- Invest to Prevent Violence against Women & Girls!UNiTE- Invest to Prevent Violence against Women & Girls!
UNiTE- Invest to Prevent Violence against Women & Girls!
Ms. Julie Collins - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx by AKADEMIYA2063
Ms. Julie Collins - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxMs. Julie Collins - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
Ms. Julie Collins - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptx
AKADEMIYA206312 views
UAE's 52nd National Day, 2023 by sri24ram2024
UAE's 52nd National Day, 2023UAE's 52nd National Day, 2023
UAE's 52nd National Day, 2023
sri24ram20246 views
Dr Getaw Tadesse - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference .pptx by AKADEMIYA2063
Dr Getaw Tadesse - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference .pptxDr Getaw Tadesse - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference .pptx
Dr Getaw Tadesse - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference .pptx
AKADEMIYA206311 views
Mukhya Mantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana (MGPNY) – Bihar_Pankaj Kumar_AKRS... by India Water Portal
Mukhya Mantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana (MGPNY) – Bihar_Pankaj Kumar_AKRS...Mukhya Mantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana (MGPNY) – Bihar_Pankaj Kumar_AKRS...
Mukhya Mantri Gramin Peyjal Nishchay Yojana (MGPNY) – Bihar_Pankaj Kumar_AKRS...
ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΚΟΜΙΣΙΟΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ by ssuser9e6212
ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΚΟΜΙΣΙΟΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΚΟΜΙΣΙΟΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
ΕΚΘΕΣΗ ΚΟΜΙΣΙΟΝ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΡΚΙΑ
ssuser9e6212171 views
Arrow Adoption Training for Kinship Families by ArrowMarketing
Arrow Adoption Training for Kinship FamiliesArrow Adoption Training for Kinship Families
Arrow Adoption Training for Kinship Families
ArrowMarketing40 views
Case study of Gokarna Multi-village scheme, Kumta, Karnataka_IIM-B_2023.pdf by India Water Portal
Case study of Gokarna Multi-village scheme, Kumta, Karnataka_IIM-B_2023.pdfCase study of Gokarna Multi-village scheme, Kumta, Karnataka_IIM-B_2023.pdf
Case study of Gokarna Multi-village scheme, Kumta, Karnataka_IIM-B_2023.pdf

Pak indo relation

  • 1. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PROJECT PAK - INDIA TIES: Group members:  Samrana Gultasab  Saman Zahoor 12/24/2016 12:26 PM 1
  • 2. PAK - INDIA TIES:
  • 3. Relationship between Pak & India These two states of South Asia share • Historic • Cultural • Geographic • Economic links But their relationship has been filled with • Hostility • Doubt.
  • 4. History Some major conflicts and disputes between Pak and India are: • Partition of British India in 1947 • Kashmir dispute • Water crisis • Sir creek issue • Rann of kutch • Siachen issue • Nuclear Deterrence • Many military conflicts
  • 5. History(Cont)… • In the early 20th century, the Two Nation Theory proposed by Jinnah • Jinnah and Gandhi’s overheated discussions during times of Independence • Around five hundred thousand Muslims and Hindus were murdered • In 1947 created two large independent countries; the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan • Displaced around 12.5 million people
  • 6. Stumbling Blocks • After Independence, India and Pakistan had formed diplomatic relations • Partition and territorial conflicts effected this relation • Fought three wars • Involved in various armed skirmishes and military standstills • Conflicts with the creation of Bangladesh & Kashmir
  • 7. Steps taken for betterment Steps taken to better the relation inlcudes: • Agra Summit • Shimla Summit • The Lahore Summit
  • 8. Conflicts After 1980, hostility between two nations mainly because of: • The Siachen conflict • The worsening of the Kashmir insurgency in 1989 • The nuclear tests of India and Pakistan in 1998 • In 1999 the Kargil War • Attack on the Indian Parliament in 2001 • Bombings in 2007 of the Samjhauta express • 2008 Mumbai attacks carried out by Pakistani militants
  • 9. Borders between India and Pakistan Radcliffe Line: • From the Arabian sea, the naval border follows the course of Manora Island of Pakistan to the course of Mumbai Harbour, in the South eastward • A site of numerous conflict and wars • One of the most complex borders in the world
  • 10. Borders(cont) Line of Control (LoC): • Refers to the military control line which separates the Indian Jammu Kashmir and Azad Kashmir of Pakistan • Not a legally recognized international boundary • Originally known as the "Cease-fire Line“ • Named LOC following the Simla Agreement, 3 July 1972
  • 11. Borders(cont) International Border (IB): • Separates the Indian states and the four provinces of Pak • Running from the Line of Control (LoC), in the north, to Wagha line, in the eastward • Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the southward
  • 12. Borders(cont) Wagah border: • Lies on the Grand Trunk Road between the cities of Amritsar in Punjab, India and Lahore in Punjab, Pakistan • Only road border • At a distance of 20 kms from Amritsar and 22 kms from Lahore.
  • 14. Diplomacies TRACK TWO DIPLOMACY • First meeting held in Neemrana Fort in Rajhasthan(1991) • More than twelve Track Two groups. • Over twenty other people-to-people exchange programmes. • A useful and effective conflict management mechanism. • Facilitate the track one dialogue process between the two countries. • Dialogue process immediately after the Kargil crises in late 90’s. • Role after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.
  • 15. Diplomacies (Cont) • CULTURAL DIPLOMACY • Pakistan India cultural relationship can be analyzed in terms of  Media,  Literature,  Cricket,  Electronic media,  Exchange of artists,  Civil society  Peace activists (e.g. NGOs, GCO,ASSP) and  Educational corporation.
  • 16. Diplomacies (Cont) CRICKET DIPLOMACY • Pakistani President General Zia-ul-Haq visit to India to watch a Test match in 1987. • Grapevine about President Zia whispering to Indian PM Rajiv Gandhi that Pakistan had the nuclear bomb. Help lower the temperature. • President Musharraf invited by PM Manmohan Singh on April 17, 2005, and the match ended very badly for India.
  • 17. Diplomacies (Cont) TRADE DIPLOMACY ONION DIPLOMACY • A crippling shortage of onions in India now and then, due to drought or other conditions forces New Delhi to turn to Islamabad for help. MANGO DIPLOMACY • PM Nawaz Sharif attempt to reach out to his counterpart Narendra Modi after the acrimony over Pakistan high commissioner Abdul Basit's meeting with separatists in September 2014, which forced India to cancel the foreign secretary-level dialogue • In 2010, Manmohan Singh to Yusuf Raza Gilani. • Exchanged ‘Anwar Rataul’ mangoesIn early 1980s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Pakistani leader Gen Zia-ul Haq. • In 2001, General Pervez Musharraf to Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Home Minister L K Advani.
  • 18. Diplomacies (Cont) BACK CHANEL DIPLOMACY • Started in 2004-2007 • Establish conditions of peace based on the principle of the Charter of United Nations and the peaceful coexistence between the countries.. • Agreements on Kashmir Issue. • Steve Coll in the New Yorker of March 2, 2009, in an article titled “The Back Channel declared it ‘cleansing peace’ and a transformational peace between Pakistan and India. • Pakistan has also tried later to revive the diplomacy, as a part of an effort to normalize ties between the two nuclear neighbors, also more recently in 2013 and 2104. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 20. Kashmir War(1947-49) • Kashmir had to accede to either Pakistan or India based on geographic location and on demographics • April 1948: Pakistan Army appreciating the threats in Muzaffarabad-Kohala axis • By June, Pakistan had five brigades holding twelve Indian brigades 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 21. Kashmir War(1947-49) Operation Venus • On Dec 14, by bombardmentBeri Pattan bridge area was destroyed • At midnight on 30 December, India asked for ceasefire Pakistan accepted • It halted the Indian offensive • Closing up to Pakistan 's vital border areas, thus ended the war in Jammu and Kashmir 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 22. 1965 War • Indian forces intruded in Rann of Kutch in April 1965 • Indian forces were ejected, an agreement was signed: the forces disengaged 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 23. 1965 War(continue) • Past midnight on 5/6 September • Indian Army crossed the border • Attacked Lahore and Kasur fronts The land battle: Biggest tank battle: PAKISTAN INDIA Patton tanks M4 Sherman tanks M4 Sherman tanks (equipped with 90mm guns) M4 Sherman tanks(equipped with 75mm guns) 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 24. 1965 War(continue) • The air battle: On 7 September, Squadron Leader M.M.ALAM(Sitara-i-Juraat) in his F-86 Sabre shot down five Indian attacking Hunter aircraft in a single sortie Pakistan Army captured: 20 officers, 19 Junior Commissioned Officers, and 569 Other Ranks. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 25. 1971 War •Tragic year • India support for independence of Bangladesh 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 26. 1971 War(continued) • In November India’s massive build up on East Pakistan border • 23rd Nov, state of emergency • 180 Bombs were dropped by Pakistan, 125 was on target on Indian air fields 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 27. 1971 War(continued) Mitro Bahini(Allied forces between Indian army and Mukti Bahini) • The land battle : India captured around 5,500 sq miles of Pakistan territory • The sea battle: Indian Navy proved its superiority by the success of Operation Trident 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 28. 1971 War(continued) • The air battle: In the east, the small air contingent of Pakistan Air Force No. 14 Sqn was destroyed On December 16, the Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 29. 1971 War(continued) • India took approximately 93,000 prisoners • The Simla Agreement 79,676 uniformed 13,324 civilians 800 PAF 5,296 POLICE 16,354 PARAMILITAR Y 55,692 ARM Y 1000 NAV Y 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 30. Kargil War • Took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir • The infiltration of Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the Line of Control, caused the war. • Indian forced a Pakistani withdrawal across the Line of Control (LoC). • Pakistan captured several strategic high points in the Indian-controlled section of Kashmir. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 31. Kargil War(Cont) • Pakistan occupied portions of Indian Territory in the Kargil area • India defeated Pakistan • Relations worsened 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 33. Karachi Agreement Date of Agreement: 27th of July, 1949 Signed in: Karachi Signed by: Pakistan’s Minister Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani The President of Azad Kashmir, Sardar Mohammed Ibrahim Khan The head of All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference, Choudhry Ghulam Abbas 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 34. Karachi Agreement(Cont) Objective: A cease-fire agreement in Kashmir After the first war between India and Pakistan this agreement was signed to settle a dispute related to Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Result: As a result of the agreement, ceasefire was done in Kashmir and a cease-fire line was established. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 35. Liaquat-Nehru Pact Date of Agreement: 8th of April, 195o Signed in: New Delhi Signed By: Indian Prime Minister, Jawahar Lal Nehru Pakistani Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 36. Objective: The safe return of the properties of refugees and the rights of minorities in both countries after the Partition of India and to avert another war between the two countries. Liaquat-Nehru Pact(Cont) 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 37. Date of Agreement: 19th of September, 1960 Signed in: Karachi Signed by: Pakistani President, General Muhammad Ayub Khan Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru Sindh Taas Agreement 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 38. Sindh Taas Agreement(Cont) Objective: To settle the water dispute between the two countries. Result: As a result of the pact, River Ravi, Sutlej and Beas were given to India whereas Pakistan got the right on the waters of River Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 39. The Simla Agreement Date of Agreement: 2nd of July, 1972 Signed in: Himachal Pradesh Signed by: The Prime Minister of Pakistan, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto The Prime Minister of India ,Indira Gandhi 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 40. The Simla Agreement(Cont) Objective: To establish peace. Result: India released more than 90,000 Pakistani military prisoners of war (POWs) and withdrew its troops from the occupied Pakistani areas 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 41. The Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement Date of Agreement: 21st of September, 1988 Signed in: Islamabad Signed by: Prime Minister of Pakistan ,Benazir Bhutto Prime Minister of India ,Rajiv Gandhi 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 42. The Non-Nuclear Aggression Agreement(Cont) Objective: It was a bilateral and nuclear weapons control treaty between the two states on the reduction (or limitation) of nuclear arms and pledged not to attack or assist foreign powers to attack on each other’s nuclear installations and facilities 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 43. The Lahore Declaration Date of Agreement: 21st of February, 1999 Signed in: Lahore Signed by: Prime Minister of Pakistan Nawaz Sharif Prime Minister of India , Atal Vajpayee
  • 44. The Lahore Declaration Objectives: Under the terms of the treaty, a mutual understanding was reached towards the development of atomic arsenals and to avoid accidental and Unauthorized operational use of nuclear weapons. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 45. PAK - INDIA TIES: FOREIGN POLICY 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 46. PAK - INDIA12/24/2016 12:26 PM 46
  • 47. Foreign policy refers to the sum total of principles, interests and objectives which a country promotes while interacting with other countries.
  • 48. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, outlined the goals of Pakistan’s foreign policy.  The foreign policy of Pakistan seeks to promote the internationally recognized norms of interstate relations, i.e. I. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of all States, II. Non-interference in the internal affairs of other State; III. Non-aggression and peaceful settlement of disputes. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 49. Relationship with New Delhi Issues of Kashmir. In 2013 and 2014, Pakistani Foreign Ministry did not take any initiatives, because of expectation for parliamentary elections in India. Building a relationship with the new Prime Minister of India. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 50. Periods of normal relations generally conflict changes of tough statements three major wars conflicts at Loc (Line of Control) despite Pakistan’s effort to improve relations, India was not forthcoming.  hope of bilateral dialogue on issues. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 51.  Three major wars,  A nuclear arms race,  The dispute over Kashmir and  Strains over water sharing rights.  Issues of national security such as terrorism. proponents who advocate reconciliation Trade relations. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 52. Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, outlined foreign policy of India. Peaceful co-existence with its neighbour’s the rest of the world. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 53. Neighbourhood first policy mini SAARC summit 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 54.  Complete border dominance should be achieved.  Rebooting former Prime Minister offer of diplomatic overtures for dialogue with Pakistan. 12/24/2016 12:26 PM
  • 55.  Strengthen the United Nations  Establish the principle of equality among nations 12/24/2016 12:26 PM