Indigenous people first arrived in the Americas over a land bridge between Siberia and Alaska around 14,000 years ago. These early groups spread throughout North and South America and developed diverse cultures, with populations totaling 40-60 million people. Indigenous groups in what is now Newfoundland and Labrador included the Paleo-Americans, descendants of the original migrants who crossed the land bridge. These were divided into the Labrador Archaic, Maritime Archaic, Intermediate Indians, and Recent Indians. Later groups included the Paleo-Eskimos, comprised of the Pre-Dorset and Groswater Paleo-Eskimos, who arrived around 2100 BCE. Archaeological evidence such as tools,

1. Indigenous PeopleBy: Stacy & Colette

2. Peopling the landHow did the Indigenous people get here?The Beringia Land Bridge is now under waterSplitting into multiple groups

3. Population DistributionApproximately 40-60 million people living in the Americas.Hunter-GathersWithin the groups there was a trade network . Conflict

4. Paleo-AmericansPaleo-Americans were the descendants of the people who once crossed the Beringia land bridge. This tribe was made up of four different groups:Labrador Archaic Maritime Archaic Intermediate Indians Recent Indians

5. Labrador ArchaicThe Labrador Archaic's arrived in Newfoundland approximately 9000 years ago.The tools of the Labrador Archaic were very distinct.Were hunters of both land and marine mammals.Flaked stoned knivesDart points

6. Maritime ArchaicMaritime Archaics were the first to settle in Newfoundland.The tools they left behind told us how they lived.Ramah chert spear pointsWoodworking tools

7. Intermediate IndiansIntermediate Indians were living in Southern and Central Labrador between 2000 and 3500 years ago.Only a few traces of artifacts were found belonging to the Intermediate Indians.Projectile points

8. Recent IndiansThe Recent Indians were direct ancestors of the Beothuk. The tools they left behind were much like the Labrador Archaic tools, they were very distinctiveArrowheads

9. Paleo-Eskimos The Paleo-Eskimos moved to Newfoundland around 2100 BCEThe Paleo-Eskimos lived in sheltered inner-areas along the Northern Labrador Coast.This tribe was made up of two different groups: Pre-Dorset Groswater Paleo-Eskimos

10. Pre-DorsetThe Pre-Dorset were biologically and culturally related to the Inuit.The Pre-Dorset eventually became adapted to their new lifestyle.

11. Groswater Paleo-EskimosAround 3000 BP there was a drastic increase in Newfoundland and Labrador's population.Groswater Bay. Many of the tools used by the Groswater people are similar enough to those of the earliest Paleo-Eskimos