The document provides an overview of the Indian power sector and solar energy industry. It discusses that India generates most of its power from thermal sources but aims to increase renewable energy capacity. Solar power in particular is a focus, with the government target of installing 175GW of renewable capacity including 100GW from solar by 2022. The document also describes the types of solar energy technologies, how photovoltaic systems work to generate electricity from sunlight, and the different modes of on-grid and off-grid solar power systems. It notes that while solar power holds potential in India, domestic solar manufacturers are struggling to compete with cheaper Chinese imports.

1. Indian Power Sector
Solar Energy at a glance
ANKESH SINGH
ASSISTANT REGIONAL MANAGER - BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ( Uttar Pradesh)
UJAAS ENERGY LIMITED

2. Energy Sector – Solar Energy and its scope in India
Indian Energy Sector at a glance
Why do we need sources of alternate energy ?
Solar Industry and its scope in India
Definition of Solar Energy and its types
Functioning of Photo – Voltaic Systems ( PV)
Types of Solar Photo-Voltaic Systems and mode of operation

3. Indian Power Sector at a glance
219.49
44.65
6.78
58.3
0
50
100
150
200
250
Indian Energy Souces
Indian Power Generation as on
31/08/2017
Thermal Energy Hydo Energy
Nuclear Energy Renewable sources of energy
67% 13%
18%
2%
 India is the world’s third largest producer and fourth largest
consumer of electricity
 Total Power generation capacity of India as on 31st August 2017 is
330GW
 The annual growth rate in renewable energy generation has been
estimated to be 27 per cent and 18 per cent for conventional energy
 The Government has added 10.2 Giga Watts (GW) of conventional
energy generation capacity and 12.5 GW of renewable energy
capacity in Financial Year 2017
 Government of India intends to achieve 40% cumulative electric
power capacity from non fossil fuel sources by 2030 and has set
ambitious target of 175GW power generation from renewable
sources of energy with 100GW coming from Solar Energy ; 60GW
from Wind energy and rest from biomass and small hydro power
plants

4. Why do we need sources of alternate energy?
It has been estimated that by 2030-2035 we will be left with no fossil fuels if we are going
with current pace of exploitation of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas
•Indian coal has a very low GCV of about 4500 Kcal/kg, as compared to coals from rest of
world for example, in Australia, the GCV is 6500 Kcal/kg approximately. India imports
nearly 95 Metric tonne of steam coal and coking coal which is 29% of total consumption
to meet the demand in electricity, cement and steel production
•India’s most of the coal-fired, oil-fired and natural gas-fired thermal power plants are old
and highly inefficient and emit significant amount of greenhouse gas (CO2). India's
thermal power plants emit 50% to 120% more CO2 per kWh produced when compared to
the average emissions from the other European Union (EU-27) counterparts
•About 70% of our power needs are derived from power plants which are either run by
coal, oil or gas (LPG or natural gas)

5. Solar Industry and its scope in India
 India is endowed with vast solar energy
with about 300-330 sunny days in a year
 The solar radiation of about 5,000 trillion
kWh per year is incident over the indian
land mass with average daily solar
power potential of 0.25 kWh per m2 of
used land area
 Installation of solar power plants require
nearly 2.4 hectares (0.024 km2) land per
MW capacity
 1.33 million MW capacity solar plants can
be installed in India on its 1% land (32,000
square km). There are vast tracts of land
suitable for solar power in all parts of India
exceeding 8% of its total area which are
unproductive barren and devoid of
vegetation
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Wind
Power
Solar
Power
Biomass
Power
Small
Hydro
Power
32
12 8 4.3
60 100
10
5
INDIA’S RENEWABLE
ENERGY OVERVIEW
Installed Capacity (GW) Target 2022 (GW)

6. Solar Energy and its type
Solar Energy
Active Solar
Energy
Photo-voltaic
solar power
Thermal
Energy
Concentrated
solar power
Passive Solar
Energy
Use of powerful reflecting
mirrors to convert sun
energy into high
temperature heat
Concentrated Solar
Power
Photo – Voltaic Solar
Power
Use of radiant solar energy
to give kinetic energy to
electrons of Semi –
conductor ( PV cells) to
produce electricity
Solar Thermal Energy is
the heat energy
derived from the
incident solar energy
(sunlight)
Solar Thermal
Energy

7. Functioning of Photo-Voltaic System
 A typical silicon PV cell is composed of a thin
wafer consisting of an ultra-thin layer of
phosphorus-doped (N-type) silicon on top of a
thicker layer of boron-doped (P-type) silicon
 An electrical field is created near the top
surface of the cell where these two materials
are in contact, called the P-N junction. When
sunlight strikes the surface of a PV cell, this
electrical field provides momentum and
direction to light-stimulated electrons,
resulting in a flow of current when the solar
cell is connected to an electrical load
 A number of solar cells when electrically
connected to each other and mounted in
support structure or frame result into a
photovoltaic module
 Regardless of size, a typical silicon PV cell
produces about 0.5 – 0.6 volt DC under open-
circuit, no-load conditions

8. Functioning of On- grid Solar PV system

9. Types of Solar Power System and mode of operation
Off – grid system by the name suggest are not connected to the grid
The energy produced by the PV system in form of DC power are stored in
batteries using charge controllers and then converted by inverters for supply to
AC Loads
These kind of systems are very expensive due to immense battery cost
involved
In addition the maintenance expenditure is also high due to frequent
replacement of batteries in 2-3 years
Off – Grid Solar PV systems
This kind of system is connected to the grid and are simpler and cheaper to
install as compared to off-grid systems
During the day the electricity generated is used up and whatever is excess is
sent to the grid while during night when solar power is not generated power is
taken from the grid
A Net meter/ Gross Meter is installed at the premises of the client/customer
which keeps in account the daily transaction of energy exported and imported
to the grid
This kind of system is the mechanism to reduce electricity bill by almost 50%
Grid Connected Solar PV system
CAPEX
• In this mode the
entire cost of solar
power plant
installation is borne by
the client or customer
• In order to boost this
mode Govt. of India
gives 30% subsidy on
the project cost to
residential buildings,
schools and colleges
and hospitals (Except
govt. buildings)
RESCO
• In this mode the cost
of installation is borne
by the developer
• Client/Customer just
has to lent his space
for the installation and
buy the electricity
from the developer at
a pre-determined
tariff defined in Power
Purchase Agreement
(PPA)
• The tariff is almost
half the tariff paid
local distribution
company
Mode of Operation

10. Tough Times to Indian Manufacturers – Going the Telecom
Way!!!
•Some of India’s biggest solar equipment makers such as IndoSolar are facing financial collapse, priced out by Chinese
competitors
•Chinese companies have gained the most, accounting for around 85% of India’s solar module demand and earning around
$2 billion.Chinese companies are selling solar cells in India at 19-20 US cents, around 35% below Indian production cost
•There are more than 110 Indian solar cell and module makers registered with the government, out of which consultancy
Bridge to India expects only a handful to survive
•Absence of raw material supply chains and rapidly changing technology were some of other reasons Indian firms were
unable to compete with Chinese manufacturers such as Trina Solar and Yingli
•With highly competitive auctions for solar parks, like the one in Bhadla Solar Park, Rajasthan, solar energy tariffs have
fallen to Rs 2.44/kWh. Such tariffs are only viable with cheaper solar panels
Dying Indian Manufacturers
•Difficulty lies in just the price gap between domestic and Chinese manufacturers so run a cost analysis looking at where
the price differentials lie across the production chain, and hopefully identifying ways to bridge these gaps
•Prescribing the use of domestic modules for projects installed under the CFA/Incentive
•Incentive the creation of fully vertically integrated, state-of-the-art solar PV manufacturing facilities in India
Answer to disruptive anti-dumping tariff imposition

11. Thank You