India is my country

INDIA - History
The History of India is divided in 7 periods
* Original Indians (1700 BC – 3300 BC) – Indus Valley
Civilization – Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa People
* Aryans (2500BC – 322BC) : India’s Root Culture
* The Mauryan Empire(322BC–188BC) – Spread of Buddhism
* Gupta Period (188 BC – 480 AD) – Golden Age of India
* Muslim Period (1175AD – 1800AD)- Turks and Mughals
* European Rule (1800 AD – 1947 AD) – Portuguese, French,
Dutch and English
* Independence and Democratic India. (From 1947AD……)

Indian National Leaders
Raja Ram Mohan RoyRaja Ram Mohan Roy
(22 May 1772 – 27 Sep 1833)(22 May 1772 – 27 Sep 1833)
““The Father of Modern India”The Father of Modern India”
Born on 22 May, 1772 in Ramanagar, in the district ofBorn on 22 May, 1772 in Ramanagar, in the district of
Murshidabad (Bengal)Murshidabad (Bengal) Father : Ramakanto Roy & Mother: TarinideviFather : Ramakanto Roy & Mother: Tarinidevi
Founded ‘Brahmo Samaja’ in 1828 and campaigned against sati.Founded ‘Brahmo Samaja’ in 1828 and campaigned against sati.
He established schools to modernize a system of education in India.He established schools to modernize a system of education in India.
In 1830, Ram Mohan Roy travelled to the UK as an ambassador of theIn 1830, Ram Mohan Roy travelled to the UK as an ambassador of the
Mughal Emperor Akbar II, who conferred him title of Raja to convinceMughal Emperor Akbar II, who conferred him title of Raja to convince
British government for welfare of India and to ensure that the LordBritish government for welfare of India and to ensure that the Lord
Bentick's regulation banning the practice of Sati was not overturned.Bentick's regulation banning the practice of Sati was not overturned.
Roy died at Stapleton, which was then a village to the north east ofRoy died at Stapleton, which was then a village to the north east of
Bristol but currently a suburb, on September 27, 1833. His cause ofBristol but currently a suburb, on September 27, 1833. His cause of
death was Meningitis; he was buried in Arons Vale Cemetery in southerndeath was Meningitis; he was buried in Arons Vale Cemetery in southern
Bristol.Bristol.
Ram Mohan Roy was married three times by the time he was tenRam Mohan Roy was married three times by the time he was ten
years old. His first wife died during his childhood. His second wife, whoyears old. His first wife died during his childhood. His second wife, who
died in 1824, bore him two sons: Radhaprasad in 1800 and Ramaprasaddied in 1824, bore him two sons: Radhaprasad in 1800 and Ramaprasad
in 1812. Roy's third wife, Uma Devi, outlived him.in 1812. Roy's third wife, Uma Devi, outlived him.

Indian National
Congress (INC)
The Congress was founded by Indian and British members most notably
Allan Octavian Hume. The idea was originally conceived in a private meeting of
seventeen men after a Theosophical Convention held at Madras in December
1884. Hume took the initiative, and it was in March 1885, when the first notice
was issued convening the first Indian National Union to meet at Poona the
following December.
Founded in 1885 with the objective of obtaining a greater share in
government for educated Indians, the Indian National Congress was initially not
opposed to British rule. The Congress met once a year during December.
Indeed, it was a Scotsman, Allan Octavian Hume, who brought about its first
meeting in Bombay, with the approval of Lord Dufferin, the then-Viceroy.
Womesh Chandra Bannerjee was the first President of the INC. The first
meeting was scheduled to be held in Pune, but due to a plague outbreak there,
the meeting was later shifted to Bombay. The first session of the INC was held
from 28–31 December 1885, and was attended by 72 delegates.
A few years down the line, the demands of INC became more radical in the
face of constant opposition from the government, and the party became very
active in the independence movement
A. O. Hume W.C. Bannerjee

Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji
"The Grand Old Man of India“
Born in Bombay on 4th September 1825, the son of Maneckbai and
Naoroji Palanji Dordi, Dadabhai married to Gulbai at the early age of 11.
On 27th June 1855, Dadabhai sailed for England to join the first
Indian business firm of the mercantile Cama family. In 1859, Dadabhai
established his own business firm under the name of Dadabhai Naoroji & Co.
Dadabhai was elected to Parliament on the 5th of July 1892 and
entered the House of Commons as a Liberal, representing the Central
Finsbury constituency.
He became the first ever Indian/Asian Member of the British
Parliament. He was renowned as the founding father of Indian
Nationalism He took part in the inauguration of the Indian National
Congress that was held in Bombay in 1885. He was thrice elected
President of the Congress. This was the institution that started the task
of gaining Indian independence.
In 1904 Dadabhai demanded "SWARAJ" Self Government for India..
Dadabhai Naoroji passed away on 30th
June, 1917at the age of 92.
Dr. Dadabhai
Naroji

Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Born in Kothluk, a village in Maharashtra, on May 9,
1866, son of Krishna Rao, and Valubai, also known as
Satyabhama.
In 1905, he founded the Servants of India Society, which
trained people to be selfless workers so they could work for the
common good of the people. After the foundation of the Indian National
Congress, Gokhale was made its secretary. As the freedom movement
gained momentum, the Moderates began to lose ground to firebrand
leaders like Tilak. Differences between Gokhale and Tilak began to
become more and more pronounced, but it is to their credit that they did
not allow their political ideologies to come in the way of their friendship.
In 1912, Gokhale strongly opposed the indentured labour system. At
the invitation of Gandhi, he went to South Africa to strengthen his
hands. He denounced the caste system. He believed that the
introduction of Western education was a blessing and Indians should try
to make the best of it and catch up with the rest of the world. He
believed that primary education must be made free and compulsory.
He passed away on 15th
February, 1915 at Poona at the age of 49
Gokhale

Indian National Leader
Lokamanya Bal Gngadhar Tilak
Tilak was born in Chikhali in Ratnagiri, Maharastra.
He joined the Indian National Congress in 1890. He opposed its
moderate attitude, especially towards the fight for self government.
In 1891 Tilak opposed the Age of Consent Bill. The act raised the age at which a
girl could get married from 10 to 12. The Congress and other liberals supported
it, but Tilak was set against it, terming it an interference with Hinduism.
On 22 June, Rand and another British officer Lt. Ayerst were shot and killed
by the Chapekar Brothers and their other associates. Tilak was charged with
incitement to murder and sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment. He adopted a
new slogan, “SWARAJ” (Self-Rule) is my birth right and I will have it." Tilak
opposed the moderate views of Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and was supported by
fellow Indian nationalists Bipin Chandra Pal in Bengal and Lala Lajpat Rai in
Punjab. They were referred to as the Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate. Soon he came to be
regarded as the undisputed leader of Maharashtra and was honored with the
title 'Lokamanya' in 1893.
He was the first Congress leader to suggest that Hindi written in the
devanagari script, should be accepted as the sole national language of India.
Tilak passed away on August 1, 1920.
Gandhiji called Tilak "The Maker of Modern India”.

Lala Lajpat Rai (1865 -1928)
• Lala Lajpat Rai was born in 1865 on 28 January into an
Aggarwal (trader) family in Dhudike, District Moga, Punjab, India. He
was the son of Munshi Radha Krishna Azad, and Shrimati Gulab Devi.
• Lala Hans Raj and Pandit Guru Dutt. The three became fast friends
and joined the Arya Samaj founded by Swami Daya Nanda.
• He founded the Indian Home League Society of America and wrote a
book called "Young India".
• On February 16, 1927, Lalaji moved a resolution in the Central
Legislative Assembly, refusing cooperation with the Simon
Commission 'at any stage or in any form." He spoke with such fervor
that he carried the house and got the resolution adopted in the
Assembly. Lalaji joined a demonstration against the Simon
Commission.The police lathi-charged the assembled. While Lalaji
tried his level best to keep the demonstration peaceful, the police
targeted him and wounded him on his chest.
• Lalaji died on November 17, 1928 of heart attack

Bhagat Singh
Bhagat Singh was born in a Sikh family in village Banga in
Layalpur district of Punjab (now in Pakistan) on September 27, 1907. He was the
third son of Sardar Kishan Singh and Vidyavati. His father Kishan Singh and
uncle Ajit Singh were members of Ghadr Party founded in the U.S to oust
British rule from India. His grandfather, Arjun Singh, was a follower of
Swami Dayananda Saraswati's Hindu reformist movement, Arya Samaj, which
would carry a heavy influence on Singh.
While studying at the local D.A.V. School in Lahore, in 1916, young Bhagat
Singh came into contact with some well-known political leaders like Lala Lajpat
Rai and Ras Bihari Bose. In 1919, when Jalianwala Bagh massacre took place,
Bhagat Singh was only 12 years old.
In 1922, when Mahatma Gandhi suspended Non-cooperation movement
against violence at Chauri-chaura in Gorakhpur, Bhagat was greatly
disappointed. In February 1928, . While protesting against Simon Commission
in Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was brutally Lathicharged and succumbed to injuries.
Bhagat Singh was determined to avenge Lajpat Rai's death by shooting the
British official responsible for the killing, Deputy Inspector General Scott. He
shot down Assistant Superintendent Saunders instead, mistaking him for Scott.
Continued………….

Bhagat Singh
He shot down Assistant Superintendent Saunders instead, mistaking
him for Scott. Bhagat Singh had to flee from Lahore to escape death
punishment.
On 8 April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb onto
the corridors of the assembly while the Assembly was in session. and shouted
"Inquilab Zindabad!" ("Long Live the Revolution!").This was followed by a
shower of leaflets stating that it takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear. The
bombs did not hurt anyone. After throwing the bombs, Bhagat Singh and
Batukeshwar Dutt, deliberately courted arrest by refusing to run away from the
scene. During his trial, Bhagat Singh refused to employ any defence counsel.
In jail, he went on hunger strike to protest the inhuman treatment of fellow-
political prisoners by jail authorities. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were
charged with the murder. On 7 October 1930, this tribunal convicted Singh
among others and sentenced him to be hanged till death.
Despite great popular pressure and numerous appeals by political
leaders of India, on 23 March 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged in Lahore with
his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. Singh was cremated at
Hussainiwala on banks of Sutlej river.

Netaji Subhas Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose was born 23 January 1897 at Cuttack
(Orissa). He was the sixth son of Janakinath and Prabhati Bose. He was an
Indian revolutionary who led an Indian national political and military force
against Britain and the Western powers during World War II. Popularly
known as Netaji (literally "Respected Leader"), Bose was one of the most
prominent leaders in the Indian independence moment and is a legendary
figure in India today.
Bose came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the
Indian National Congress (a.k.a. Congress). He was elected president of the
Indian National Congress for two consecutive terms (1937 & 1939), but had
to resign from the post following ideological conflicts with M. K. Gandhi and
after openly attacking the Congress' foreign and internal policies. He
established a separate political party, the “All India Forward Bloc” (1939)
and continued to call for the full and immediate independence of India from
British rule. He was imprisoned by the British authorities eleven times. His
famous motto was "Give me blood and I will give you freedom".
Continued…….

Netaji Subhas Bose
Continued……
During Second World War, which he saw as an opportunity to
take advantage of British weakness. He left India (1941), travelling to
the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan. With Imperial
Japanese assistance, he re-organised and later led the “Azad Hind
Fauj” or “Indian National Army” (INA) with Indian prisoners-of-war
and plantation workers from British Malaya, Singapore, and other
parts of South Asia, against British forces. With Japanese monetary,
political, diplomatic and military assistance, he formed the “Azad
Hind Government” (21st
October 1943) in exile, and regrouped and led
the INA in failed military campaigns against the allies at Imphal and in
Burma. INA could able to free the Andaman and Nicobar islands from
the British and were renamed as “Swaraj” and “Shaheed” islands.
He is presumed to have died on 18 August 1945 (although this is
disputed) in a plane crash in Taiwan at the age of 48.

Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 October 1869 in Porbandar,
Gujurat. His father, Karamchand Gandhi (1822–1885), served as the diwan
(Prime Minister) of Porbandar state. His grandfather was Uttamchand Gandhi,
fondly called Utta Gandhi. His mother, Putlibai was Karamchand's fourth wife,
the first three wives having apparently died in childbirth.
In May 1883, the 13-year old Mohandas was married to 14-year old Kasturbai
Makhanji (arranged child marriage accoding to custom religion). In 1885, when
Gandhi was 15, the couple's first child was born, but survived only a few days;
Mohandas and Kasturba had four more children, all sons: Harilal, born in 1888;
Manilal, born in 1892; Ramdas, born in 1897; and Devdas, born in 1900.
On 4 September 1888, Gandhi travelled to London, England, to study law
at University College London Gandhi was called to the bar on 10 June 1891 and
left London for India on 12 June 1891. His attempts at establishing a law
practice in Bombay failed and, later, after applying and being turned down for a
part-time job as a high school teacher. It was in this climate that, in April 1893,
he accepted a year-long contract from Dada Abdulla & Co., an Indian firm, to a
post in the Colony of Natal, South Africa.
Continued…………….

Continued……….
In South Africa, Gandhi faced the discrimination directed at Indians. He was
thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class to
a third-class coach while holding a valid first-class ticket. In another incident, the
magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban – which he
refused to do. These events were a turning point in his life, awakening him to
social injustice and influencing his subsequent social activism.
In January 1897, when Gandhi landed in Durban he was attacked by a mob
of white settlers and escaped only through the efforts of the wife of the police
superintendent. He, however, refused to press charges against any member of
the mob, stating it was one of his principles not to seek redress for a personal
wrong in a court of law.
In 1906, after the British introduced a new poll-tax, Zulus in South Africa
killed two British officers. In response, the British declared war against the Zulus.
Gandhi actively encouraged the British to recruit Indians. He argued that Indians
should support the war efforts in order to legitimise their claims to full
citizenship. The British, however, refused to commission Indians as army
officers. Nonetheless, they accepted Gandhi's offer to let a detachment of Indians
volunteer as a stretcher-bearer corps to treat wounded British soldiers.
Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation

Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation
Continued………….
In 1915, Gandhi returned from South Africa to live in India.
He was primarily introduced to Indian issues, politics and the Indian people
by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a respected leader of the Congress Party at the time.
Gandhi's first major achievements came in 1918 with the Champaran
agitation and Kheda Satyagraha. In Kheda in Gujarat Gandhi established an
ashram there, organising scores of his veteran supporters and fresh volunteers
from the region.
But his main impact came when he was arrested by police on the charge of
creating unrest and was ordered to leave the province. Hundreds of thousands
of people protested and rallied outside the jail, police stations and courts
demanding his release, which the court reluctantly granted. Gandhi led
organised protests and strikes against the landlords who, with the guidance of
the British government, signed an agreement granting the poor farmers of the
region more compensation and control over farming, and cancellation of
revenue hikes and its collection until the famine ended. It was during this
agitation, that Gandhi was addressed by the people as Bapu (Father) and
Mahatma (Great Soul). In Kheda, Sardar Patel represented the farmers in
negotiations with the British. As a result, Gandhi's fame spread all over the
nation and because of this, he is now called "Father of the nation" in India.

Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation
Continued……..
In December 1921, Gandhi was invested with executive authority on
behalf of the Indian National Congress. Under his leadership, the Congress was
reorganised with a new constitution, with the goal of Swaraj. Gandhi expanded his
non-violence platform to include the swadeshi policy — the boycott of foreign-made
goods, especially British goods. Linked to this was his advocacy that khadi
(homespun cloth) be worn by all Indians instead of British-made textiles. Gandhi
urged the people to boycott British educational institutions and law courts, to
resign from government employment, and to forsake British titles and honours.
Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six
years' imprisonment. He began his sentence on 18 March 1922. He was released in
February 1924 for an appendicitis operation, having served only 2 years.
On 31 December 1929, the flag of India was unfurled in Lahore. 26 January
1930 was celebrated as India's Independence Day by the Indian National Congress
meeting in Lahore.
Gandhi launched satyagraha against the tax on salt in March 1930. This was
highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April, where he
marched 388 kilometres (241 miles) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt
himself. Britain responded by imprisoning over 60,000 people.
Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931. The British Government agreed to
free all political prisoners, in return for the suspension of the civil disobedience
movement.

Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation
In the summer of 1934, three unsuccessful attempts were made on
Gandhi's life.Gandhi returned to active politics again in 1936, with the Nehru
presidency and the Lucknow session of the Congress.
Gandhi had a clash with Subhas Bose, who had been elected president in
1938. Their main points of contention were Bose's lack of commitment to
democracy, and lack of faith in non-violence. Bose won his second term despite
Gandhi's criticism, but left the Congress when the All-India leaders resigned en
masse in protest of his abandonment of the principles introduced by Gandhi.
World War II broke out in 1939, Gandhi intensified his demand for
independence, drafting a resolution calling for the British to Quit India.
Thousands of freedom fighters were killed or injured by police gunfire, and
hundreds of thousands were arrested. ." He called on all Congressmen and
Indians to maintain discipline via ahimsa, and Karo Ya Maro ("Do or Die") in the
cause of ultimate freedom.
Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in
Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942. Gandhi was held for two years in the
Aga Khan Palace in Pune. His wife Kasturba died after 18 months imprisonment
in 22 February 1944. He was released before the end of the war on 6 May 1944
because of his failing health and necessary surgery. At the end of the war, the
British gave clear indications that power would be transferred to Indian hands.

Mahatma Gandhi
Father of Nation
While the Indian National Congress and Gandhi called for
the British to quit India, the Muslim League passed a resolution for them to
divide and quit, in 1943.
When Jinnah called for Direct Action, on 16 August 1946, Gandhi was
infuriated and visited the most riot prone areas to stop the massacres,
personally. He made strong efforts to unite the Indian Hindus, Muslims and
Christians and struggled for the emancipation of the "untouchables" in Hindu
society.
On the 14th and 15th of August, 1947 the Indian Independence Act was
invoked and the following carnage witnessed a displacement of up to 12.5
million people in the former British Indian Empire with an estimates of loss of
life varying from several hundred thousand to a million
On 30 January 1948, Gandhi was shot while he was walking to a platform
from which he was to address a prayer meeting. The assassin, Nathuram Godse,
was a Hindu nationalist with links to the extremist Hindu Mahasabha, who held
Gandhi responsible for weakening India by insisting upon a payment to
Pakistan.
Gandhi's memorial (or Samādhi) at Rāj Ghāt, New Delhi, bears the epigraph
"Hē Ram", (Devanagari: हे ! राम or, He Rām), which may be translated as "Oh

Pundit Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawahar Lal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889.
His father Motilal Nehru was a famous Allahabad based barrister and
mother's name was Swaroop Rani. Jawaharlal Nehru was the only son
of Motilal Nehru. Motilal Nehru has three daughters apart from
Jawaharlal Nehru. He did his schooling from Harrow and completed his
Law degree from Trinity College, Cambridge. Jawaharlal Nehru returned
to India in 1912 and started legal practice. He married Kamala Nehru in
1916.
Jawahar Lal Nehru joined Home Rule League in 1917. His real
initiation into politics came two years later when he came in contact with
Mahatma Gandhi in 1919. Jawaharlal Nehru took active part in the Non-
Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) and was arrested for the first time
during the movement. He was elected President of the Allahabad
Municipal Corporation in 1924. He resigned in 1926 citing lack of
cooperation from civil servants and obstruction from British authorities.
From 1926 to 1928, He served as the General Secretary of the All
India Congress Committee.

Continued………
In December 1929, Congress's annual session was held in Lahore and
Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as the President of the Congress Party.
Nehru was elected to the Congress presidency in 1936, 1937, and 1946, and
came to occupy a position in the nationalist movement second only to that
of Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru was arrested in 1942 during Quit India
Movement. Released in 1945, he took a leading part in the negotiations that
culminated in the emergence of the dominions of India and Pakistan in
August 1947.
In 1947, he became the first Prime Minister of independent India. He
effectively coped with the formidable challenges of those times: the
disorders and mass exodus of minorities across the new border with
Pakistan, the integration of 500-odd princely states into the Indian Union,
the framing of a new constitution, and the establishment of the political and
administrative infrastructure for a parliamentary democracy. He set up a
Planning Commission, encouraged development of science and
technology, and launched three successive five-year plans. His policies led
to a sizable growth in agricultural and industrial production.
Continued……..

Continued………
Nehru also played a major role in developing
independent India's foreign policy. He called for liquidation
of colonialism in Asia and Africa and along with Tito and Nasser,
was one of the chief architects of the nonaligned movement. He
played a constructive, mediatory role in bringing the Korean War to
an end and in resolving other international crises, such as those
over the Suez Canal and the Congo, offering India's services for
conciliation and international policing. He contributed behind the
scenes toward the solution of several other explosive issues, such
as those of West Berlin, Austria, and Laos.
But Jawahar Lal Nehru couldn't improve India's relations with
Pakistan and China. The Kashmir issue proved a stumbling block in
reaching an accord with Pakistan, and the border dispute prevented
a resolution with China. The Chinese invasion in 1962, which Nehru
failed to anticipate, came as a great blow to him and probably
hastened his death.
Jawaharlal Nehru died of a heart attack on May 27, 1964.

India Independence
In 1946, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted
by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the
mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces
for continuing to control an increasingly restless India, decided to end British
rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring
power no later than June 1948.
As independence approached, the violence between Hindus and Muslims
in the provinces of Punjab and Bengal continued unabated. With the British
army unprepared for the potential for increased violence, the new viceroy,
Louis Mountbatten, advanced the date for the transfer of power, allowing less
than six months for a mutually agreed plan for independence.
In June 1947, the nationalist leaders, including Nehru, Abul Kalam Azad
,Jinnah ,, B. R. Ambedkar , and Master Tara Singh agreed to a
partition of the country along religious lines. The predominantly Hindu and Sikh
areas were assigned to the new India and predominantly Muslim areas to the
new nation of Pakistan; the plan included a partition of the provinces of Punjab
and Bengal. Many millions of Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu refugees trekked across
the newly drawn borders. In Punjab, where the new border lines divided the
Sikh regions in half, massive bloodshed followed; in Bengal and Bihar, where
Gandhi's presence assuaged communal tempers, the violence was more
limited. In all, anywhere between 250,000 and 500,000 people on both sides of
the new borders died in the violence.

Independent India
On 14 August 1947, the new Dominion of Pakistan came
into being, with Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as its
first
Governor General in Karachi. At the stroke of midnight,
as
India moved into August 15, 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, read
out the famous Tryst with destiny speech proclaiming India's
independence.
India, now a smaller Union of India, became an
independent country with official ceremonies taking place in
New Delhi, and with Jawaharlal Nehru assuming the office of
the first prime minister, and Deputy Prime Minister
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Mountbatten to continue as
Governor General of India. He was replaced in June 1948 by
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. Patel took on the responsibility
of unifying 565 princely states, steering efforts by his “iron
fist in a velvet glove” policies, exemplified by the use of
military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad state (
Operation Polo) into India.
Lord Mountbatten
Sardar Patel
C. Rajgopalchari

Republic India
The Republic Day of India commemorates the date on
which the Constitution of India came into force replacing
the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing
document of India on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January
was chosen to honour the memory of the
declaration of independence of 1930.
On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was
appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar as chairman. The
Constitution of India came into effect only on 26 January
1950, 10.18 AM IST. Following elections on 21 January 1950,
Dr.Rajendra Prasad was elected as the president of India,
taking over from Governor General Rajgopalachari.
Subsequently India annexed Goa and Portugal's other
Indian enclaves in 1961), the French ceded Chandernagore
in 1951, and Pondicherry and its remaining Indian colonies
in 1956, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975.
B. R. Ambedkar
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Pundit Nehru

National Flag
From July 22, 1947
• The ratio of the width to the length of the Flag shall
ordinarily be 2 : 3.
• The cloth for the flag can be handspun and hand-woven
khadhi, cotton, woolen or silk.
• The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron
(kesaria) at the top(Spirit and sacrifice), white in the
middle(Peace of Truth) and dark green at the bottom
(Growth)in equal proportion bearing at its centre the
design of Ashoka Chakra in navy blue color (stands for
Peace and love).
• The Ashoka Chakra shall have 24 spokes equally spaced

National Emblem
From 26th
January, 1950
The National Emblem of India is a replica of the
Lion of Sarnath, near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. The Lion
Capital was erected in the 3rd Century B.C by Emperor
Ashoka. The National Emblem is thus symbolic of India's
commitment to world peace and goodwill. The four lions
(one hidden from view) - symbolizing power, courage and
confidence, rest on a circular abacus.
The abacus is girded by four smaller animals -
guardians of the four directions: the lion in the north, the
elephant in the east, the horse in south and the bull in the
west. The abacus rests on a lotus in full bloom,
exemplifying the fountainhead of life and creative
inspiration. The motto 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below
the emblem in Devanagari script means "Truth Alone
Triumphs”.

National Song
Composed in sanskrit by :
Bankim Chandra (Anand Math),
It was sung first time 1896 INC
Vande Mataram Sujalam Suphalam
Malayaja Shitalam
Shasyashyamalamm
Mataram !
Shubharajyothsna Pulakitayaminim
Phullakusumita drumadala
Shobinim Suhasinim Sumadhura
Bhasinim Sujhadam varadam
Mataram!
Bankim Chandra

National Pledge
General Pledge
India is my country. All Indians are my brothers and sisters.
I Love my country. I am proud of its rich and varied culture. I shall
always strive to be worthy of it.
I shall love and respect my parents, teachers and elders.
To my country and my people I pledge my devotion National
Integration Pledge
I solemnly pledge to work with dedication to preserve and strengthen
the freedom and integrity of the nation.
I further affirm that I shall never resort to violence and that all
differences and disputes relating to religion, language, region or other
political or economic grievances should be settled by peaceful and
constitutional means.
In their well being and prosperity alone lies my happiness.

National Anthem
Composed by: Rabindra Nath Tagore
From 24th
January, 1950
First sung at INS session, Calcutta on 27th
December, 1911
Jana- gana – mana adhinayaka, jaya he
Bharata- bhagya- vidhata.
Punjab- Sindh- Gujarat- Maratha
Dravida- utkala- banga
Vindhya- Himachala- yamuna- ganga
Uchchhala- jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha asisa mage,
Gahe Tava jaya gatha.
Jana- gana- mangala-dayaka jaya he
Bharata- bhagya- vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he,
Jaya jaya jaya, jaya he!
R. N. Tagore

National Flower
LOTUS
Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn) is
the National Flower of India. It is a
sacred flower and occupies a unique
position in the art and mythology of
ancient India and has been an
auspicious symbol of Indian culture
since time immemorial.

National Fruit
MANGO
A fleshy fruit, eaten ripe or used green
for pickles etc., of the tree Mangifera
indica, the mango is one of the most
important and widely cultivated fruits of
the tropical world.
Mughal emperor Akbar planted 100,000
mango trees in Darbhanga, Bihar at a place
now known as Lakhi Bagh.

National Tree
BANYAN TREE
Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis, whose
branches root themselves like new trees over a
large area. The roots then give rise to more
trunks and branches. Because of this
characteristic and its longevity, this tree is
considered immortal and is an integral part of
the myths and legends of India. Even today, the
banyan tree is the focal point of village life and
the village council meets under the shade of this
tree.

National River
THE GANGA
The Ganga or Ganges is the longest river of India
flowing over 2,510 kms of mountains, valleys and
plains. It originates in the snowfields of the
Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas as the Bhagirathi
River. It is later joined by other rivers such as the
Alaknanda, Yamuna, Son, Gumti, Kosi and Ghagra.
There are two dams on the river - one at Haridwar
and the other at Farakka. The Ganga widens out
into the Ganges Delta in the Sunderbans swamp of
Bangladesh, before it ends its journey by emptying
into the Bay of Bengal.

National Animal
ROYAL BENGAL TIGER
The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped
animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark
stripes. The combination of grace, strength,
agility and enormous power has earned the tiger
its pride of place as the national animal of India.
To check the dwindling population of tigers in
India, 'Project Tiger' was launched in April 1973.
So far, 27 tiger reserves have been established in
the country under this project, covering an area
of 37,761 sq km.

National Bird
PEACOCK
The Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, the national
bird of India, is a colorful, swan-sized bird, with a
fan-shaped crest of feathers, a white patch under the
eye and a long, slender neck. The elaborate
courtship dance of the male, fanning out the tail and
preening its feathers is a gorgeous sight.
The male of the species is more colorful than the
female, with a glistening blue breast and neck and a
spectacular bronze-green tail of around 200
elongated feathers. The female is brownish, slightly
smaller than the male and lacks the tail.

National Aquatic Animal
RIVER DOLPHIN
River Dolphin is the National Aquatic Animal of India. This
mammal is also said to represent the purity of the holy Ganga as it
can only survive in pure and fresh water. Platanista gangetica has a
long pointed snout and also have visible teeth in both the upper and
lower jaws. Their eyes lack a lens and therefore function solely as a
means of detecting the direction of light. Dolphins tend to swim with
one fin trailing along the substrate while rooting around with their
beak to catch shrimp and fish. Dolphins have a fairly thick body with
light grey-brown skin often with a hue of pink. The fins are large and
the dorsal fin is triangular and undeveloped. This mammal has a
forehead that rises steeply and has very small eyes. River Dolphins
are solitary creatures and females tend to be larger than males. This
species inhabits parts of the Ganges, Meghna and Brahmaputra
rivers in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, and the Karnaphuli
River in Bangladesh.

National Game
HOCKEY
Our nation has an excellent record with
eight Olympic gold medals. Indian hockey's
golden period was from 1928-56, when the
Indian hockey team won six successive
Olympic gold medals. Team also won the
1975 World Cup besides two more medals
(silver and a bronze).
The Indian Hockey Federation gained global
affiliation in 1927 and joined the International
Hockey Federation (FIH).

National Sweet
JALEBI
Jalebi is a syrupy sweet that is shaped
like a slightly large, chaotic pretzel and is
traditionally prepared in India. Well-made
jalebi has a tart element with a sweet
taste.Jalebi’s colours are bright orange or
yellow, but also white.
They are best to eat when they are fresh.
It can be served when it is warm or cold.

National
Calendar
The national calendar of India is
based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as
its first month and a normal year of
365 days.
The national calendar of India
was adopted on March 22nd 1957.
Dates of the Indian national calendar
have a permanent correspondence
with the Gregorian calendar dates- 1
Chaitra falling on 22 March normally
and on 21 March in leap year.

National Language
India’s constitution recognizes 18 different Indian
languages, but Hindi and English are considered to be the official
national languages. The central government allows each state to
choose its own official language, however. Within India, native
speakers of Hindi are concentrated in the states of Bihār, Madhya
Pradesh, Rājasthān, and Uttar Pradesh in northern and central
India.
Hindi is a major language of India and most important of the
many languages spoken in India. Nearly half a billion people, or
40 percent of the population of India, speak some form of Hindi as
their first language.
The Indian constitution recognizes 18 state languages, which
are used in schools and in official transactions. These are
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada (Kanarese),
Kashmir, Konkani, Malayalam, Meithei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali,
Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Currency Symbol
RUPEE(RUPEE( ` )` )
On 15th of July 2010 cabinet, finalized theOn 15th of July 2010 cabinet, finalized the
design for the Rupee.design for the Rupee.
An engineer, IIT post-graduate UdayAn engineer, IIT post-graduate Uday
Kumar has been honored. His design out ofKumar has been honored. His design out of
five shortlisted ones is selected for the newfive shortlisted ones is selected for the new
symbol of the Indian Rupee.symbol of the Indian Rupee.
Uday Kumar

Modern India
There are many numbers of freedom fighters all over the country
dedicated their time and sacrificed their life to support their leaders
to achieve the freedom from foreigners. The freedom of living,
thinking and maintaining the modern life with our own way today is
the result of the hard work and sincerity of our ancestors. It is our
time to work hard for our country and bring our future generation up,
to make our country rich, powerful and self dependent. The
challenges are more and let us build our vision to lead our nation to
be No.1 in this Modern world in every aspects.
We have all the potentials within us. We need to unite ourselves
to share the ideas to set our goals for us and for our future
generations. We will work hard together and help each other to
achieve the goal and be a fighter to free the new modern India from
poverty, corruption and the elements preventing to maintain peace.
The challenges are still more to fight.
What should we do?

CHALLENGES
Help the needy children for better education,
good food & free medical.
Need to save the society from drugs addiction
and alcoholism.
Provide youth for higher education &
employment.
Support talented children for shining their talents.
Be sincere and faithful to your duties and
responsibilities.
Earn honestly, spend judiciously, save wisely and
pay the taxes regularly.
Save the nation from corruption and illegal
systems.

CHALLENGES
Help to provide old nationals with food, medicine, shelter and
smile.
Utilize resources and time to teach the children to respect
others and for development of sports, science, arts and traditional
cultural values.
Help neighbors and keep the environment clean.
Plant more trees and love the animals.
Eat less and Sleep moderate.
Do regular physical exercise and meditation.
Pray God to increase strength, reduce ego and for betterment of
others.
Stay healthy, stress free and Live Long.
Share good thoughts and guide the new generation to build a
Strong, Rich and Cultured Modern India’
Pass this message to your friends and be a good friend.

India is my country and I’am
proud to be an Indian
Nitesh Sharma
golu1098@gmail.com

India is my country

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (19)

Similar to India is my country

Similar to India is my country (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

India is my country