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1. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (pronounced [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪
ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi] ( listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the preeminent
leader and freedom fighter of Indian nationalism in British-ruled India.
Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence
and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
The honorific Mahatma (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable"[2])—applied to
him first in 1914 in South Africa,[3]—is now used worldwide. He is also
called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for "father",[4] "papa"[4][5]) in India.
Gandhi's vision of a free India based on religious pluralism, however, was
challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was
demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. [6] Eventually, in
August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian
Empire[6] was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and
Muslim Pakistan.[7] As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made
their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing
the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide
solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to promote religious harmony. The
last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 at age 78,[8] also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to
pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan.[8] Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. [8]
[9]
Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948
by firing three bullets into his chest at point-blank range. [9]
Gandhi is commonly, though not officially, [10] considered the Father of the Nation[11] in India. His birthday, 2
October, is commemorated there asGandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and world-wide as
the International Day of Nonviolence.
Subhas Chandra Bose ( listen (help·info); 23 January 1897 –
August 18, 1945 (aged 48)[1]) was an Indian nationalist whose
defiant patriotism made him a hero in India, but whose attempt
during World War II to rid India of British rule with the help of Nazi
Germany and Japan left a troubled legacy.[4][5][6] The
honorific Netaji (Hindustani language: "Respected Leader"), first
applied to Bose in Germany, by the Indian soldiers of theIndische
Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special
Bureau for India in Berlin, in early 1942, is now used widely
throughout India.[7]Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger,
radical, wing of the Indian National Congress in the late 1920s
and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and
1939.[8] However, he was ousted from Congress leadership
positions in 1939 following differences with Mohandas K.
Gandhiand the Congress high command.[9] He was subsequently
placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from
India in 1940.[10]With Japanese support, Bose revamped
the Indian National Army (INA), then composed of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been
captured in the Battle of Singapore.[18] To these, after Bose's arrival, were added enlisting Indian civilians
in Malaya and Singapore. The Japanese had come to support a number of puppet and provisional
governments in the captured regions, such as those in Burma, the Philippines andManchukuo. Before
long the Provisional Government of Free India, presided by Bose, was formed in the Japaneseoccupied Andaman and Nicobar Islands.[18][19] Bose had great drive and charisma—creating popular
Indian slogans, such as "Jai Hind,"—and the INA under Bose was a model of diversity by region,
ethnicity, religion, and even gender. However, Bose turned out to be militarily unskilled, [20] and his military
effort was short lived. In late 1944 and early 1945 the British Indian Army first halted and then
devastatingly reversed the Japanese attack on India. Almost half the Japanese forces and fully half the
participating INA contingent were killed.[21]

2. Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindustani: [ˈdʒəʋaːɦərˈlaːl ˈneːɦru] ( listen); 14
November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime
Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics for much of the
20th century. He emerged as the paramount leader of the Indian
Independence Movement under the tutelage of Mahatma Gandhi and
ruled India from its establishment as an independent nation in 1947
until his death in office in 1964.[5] Nehru is considered to be the
architect of the modern Indian nation-state; a sovereign, socialist,
secular, and democratic republic.[6] He was the father ofIndira
Gandhi and the maternal grandfather of Rajiv Gandhi, who served as
the third and sixth Prime Ministers of India, respectively.The son
of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist statesman, Nehru
was a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge and the Inner Temple,
where he trained to be a barrister. Upon his return to India, he
enrolled at the Allahabad High Court, at the same time taking an interest in national politics. Nehru's
involvement in politics would gradually replace his legal practice. Under Nehru's leadership, the
Congress emerged as a catch-all party, dominating national politics and winning consecutive elections
in 1951, 1957, and 1962. He remained popular with the people of India in spite of political troubles in his
final years and failure of leadership during Sino-Indian War. In India, his birthday is celebrated
as Children's Day.
Bhagat Singh (IPA: [pə̀ɡət̪ sɪ́ŋɡ] ( listen); 28 September 1907 – 23
March 1931) was an Indian socialist considered to be one of the most
influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. He
is often referred to as "Shaheed Bhagat Singh", the word "Shaheed"
meaning "martyr" in a number of Indian languages. Born into
a Sikh family which had earlier been involved in revolutionary activities
against the British Raj, as a teenager Singh studied European
revolutionary movements and was attracted
to anarchist and Marxist ideologies. He became involved in numerous
revolutionary organisations, and quickly rose through the ranks of
the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to become one of its
main leaders, eventually changing its name to the Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928.
Seeking revenge for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai at the hands of the police, Singh was involved in the
murder of British police officer John Saunders. He eluded efforts by the police to capture him. Together
with Batukeshwar Dutt, he undertook a successful effort to throw two bombs and leaflets inside
the Central Legislative Assembly while shouting slogans of revolution. Subsequently they volunteered to
surrender and be arrested. Held on this charge, he gained widespread national support when he
underwent a 116 day fast in jail, demanding equal rights for British and Indian political prisoners. During
this time, sufficient evidence was brought against him for a conviction in the Saunders case, after trial by
a Special Tribunal and appeal at the Privy Council in England. He was convicted and subsequently
hanged for his participation in the murder, aged 23. His legacy prompted youth in India to begin fighting
for Indian independence and he continues to be a youth idol in modern India, as well as the inspiration for

3. several films. He is commemorated with a large bronze statue in the Parliament of India, as well as a
range of other memorials.
Alluri Sita Rama Raju (born July 4, 1897 – died May 7, 1924) (also
known as Aluri Rampa Rama Raju, Rama Chandra Raju, and Alluri
Seetha Rama Raju) was an Indian revolutionary involved in
the independence movement.Raju led the ill-fated "Rampa Rebellion" of
1922–24, during which a band of tribal leaders and other sympathizers
fought against the British Raj. He was referred to as "Manyam Veerudu"
("Hero of the Jungles") by the local people. Raju was born on July 4,
1897 in Mogallu village in the West Godavari district of Andhra
Pradesh[1] to a Telugu Kshatriya family.[2] His mother was
from Visakhapatnam and his father was a native of Mogallu,
near Bhimavaram, and was an official photographer in the central jail
at Rajahmundry. The young Raju lived mainly in Mogallu [3] and was
educated in Rajamundry at the Vullithota Bangarayya school, as well as
in Kakinada, Tuni andRamachandrapuram in the East Godavari district. Raju's father died when he was in
school and he grew up in the care of his uncle, Rama Krishnam Raju, a tehsildar in Narsapur in the West
Godavari district. He studied at Taylor High School in Narsapur then moved to Tuni along with his mother,
brother and sister. While there, Alluri visited areas of the Visakhapatnam district and became familiar with
the needs of the indigenous people. The only photograph of Raju, which was taken after his death, is
preserved in the State Archives of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad
Pingali Venkayya (2 August 1876 – 4 July 1963) was an Indian
freedom fighter and the designer of the flag from which Indian
national flag was adopted.[1] Pingali Venkaiah was born to
Hanumantha Raidu and Venkat Ratnamma in Bhatlapenumarru,[2]
[3]
Krishna district, near Machlipatnam in present dayAndhra
Pradesh. He belonged to a Telugu Brahmin family and he was the
eldest of 6 brothers and 2 sisters. After finishing his schooling at
Machlipatnam, he went to Colombo for further studies.
During the National conference of the Indian National
Congress at Kakinada, Venkayya suggested a new flag for the
Indian National Congress. Gandhi suggested Venkayya to come up
with a design. Venkayya proposed a tricolour with a spinning wheel
in the middle. The design was the basis for the National Flag of
India. The flags antecedents can be traced back to the Vande
Mataram movement.[6]
He married Rukminamma, daughter of Turlapati Venkatachalam and Mangamma. They have 2 sons and
1 daughter. The eldest son Pingali Parasuramaiah worked Indian Express as a correspondent. Pingali
only daughter Seethamahalakshmi, widow of Ghantasala Vugra Narasimham is the only direct sibling
living now. Pingali's other son late Chalapathi Rao worked in the Indian army.
Pingali Venkayya died on 4 July 1963 in Vijayawada.