The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Biodegradations of Reactive Blue-Dye Using Fresh Water Microalgae Tadele Assefa Aragaw
The document summarizes a study on the biodegradation of reactive blue dye using freshwater microalgae. The objectives were to investigate the effects of dye concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time on biodegradation. Maximum decolorization of 82.6% was achieved at 50mg/l dye concentration, 30°C temperature, and pH 8 over 20 days. Green microalgae like Chlorella and Scenedesmus were effective at biodegrading the dye under optimal conditions. FTIR analysis indicated the dye's chromophore structure was destroyed into smaller molecules. The study demonstrates that microalgae have potential for cost-effective treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Effect of basidiomycete fungi on the discoloration and phytotoxicity of synth...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the ability of three basidiomycete fungi (Lentinula edodes, Pleurotusostreatus, and Pleurotuspulmonarius) to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye and textile effluent, as well as reduce their phytotoxicity. The fungus P. pulmonarius was most effective at decolorizing the dye. While decolorization occurred, germination rates of lettuce seeds exposed to treated dye sometimes decreased, indicating potential toxicity of metabolites. However, roots generally grew longer when exposed to dye treated by P. pulmonarius, showing it reduced phytotoxicity. Decolorization of the efflu
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
This document summarizes a study on using the bacteria Lactobacillus delbruckii to remove synthetic dyes from wastewater. The study explored how effectively the bacteria could decolorize two common reactive dyes, Reactive Orange 16 and Reactive Black 5, under different pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration conditions. The results showed that L. delbruckii was able to decolorize both dyes, with optimum decolorization occurring at a pH of 10, temperature of 37°C, and initial dye concentration of 10 ppm. Therefore, this bacteria shows potential for use in treating textile wastewater and meeting Malaysian wastewater standards in an environmentally friendly and low-cost
Performance of integrated process using fungal strain corialus versicalor mtcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of three dyes (Quinoline Yellow, Eosin B, and Rose Bengal) using an integrated process of fungal degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The fungal strain Corialus versicalor was found to efficiently decolorize the dyes. Degradation was measured by monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD), which decreased by over 90% for the treated effluents. Spectral analysis showed reductions in dye absorption after treatment. The integrated process demonstrates potential for treating and reusing textile dye wastewater.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the decolorization of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) using immobilized beads of Bacillus coagulans.
Key findings include:
- B. coagulans was effective at decolorizing MB, removing up to 98% of dye within 25 hours.
- The bacteria was immobilized using sodium alginate beads and agricultural waste (sawdust), which performed similarly to free bacteria.
- Decolorization kinetics followed pseudo-first order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the process was spontaneous and exothermic.
- Reusable immobilized beads maintained high decolorization (over 90%) after
Biological Removal of Malachite Green and Congo red by Some Filamentous FungiIJEAB
Four strains of filamentous fungi were studied to a removal of Malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR). These fungi were Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus versicolor and P. funigulosum. P. funigulosum showed that decolorization activity was higher than other fungi on solid medium containing MG and CR . The stastical method obtained that there was no significance between fungi . All these fungi were able to degradation dyes to other metabolites . The dry weight ( Biomass) of P. funigulosum reached to 1.10 ,1.02 in mineral salts medium (MSM) with MG and CR respectively , and the stastical methods obtained that there was no significance in dry weights between fungi .
The document summarizes a study that isolated and characterized the fungus Aspergillus flavus TEAK 07 for its ability to decolorize the reactive textile dye Reactive Red 120. A. flavus TEAK 07 showed greater decolorization efficiency than the reference strain. The study optimized various factors affecting decolorization, finding pH 5.5 and 28°C provided optimal conditions. Glucose and ammonium nitrate served as the best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Seed germination tests showed the decolorized dye was less toxic than the original dye.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceresearchinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Biodegradations of Reactive Blue-Dye Using Fresh Water Microalgae Tadele Assefa Aragaw
The document summarizes a study on the biodegradation of reactive blue dye using freshwater microalgae. The objectives were to investigate the effects of dye concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time on biodegradation. Maximum decolorization of 82.6% was achieved at 50mg/l dye concentration, 30°C temperature, and pH 8 over 20 days. Green microalgae like Chlorella and Scenedesmus were effective at biodegrading the dye under optimal conditions. FTIR analysis indicated the dye's chromophore structure was destroyed into smaller molecules. The study demonstrates that microalgae have potential for cost-effective treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.
Effect of basidiomycete fungi on the discoloration and phytotoxicity of synth...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the ability of three basidiomycete fungi (Lentinula edodes, Pleurotusostreatus, and Pleurotuspulmonarius) to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye and textile effluent, as well as reduce their phytotoxicity. The fungus P. pulmonarius was most effective at decolorizing the dye. While decolorization occurred, germination rates of lettuce seeds exposed to treated dye sometimes decreased, indicating potential toxicity of metabolites. However, roots generally grew longer when exposed to dye treated by P. pulmonarius, showing it reduced phytotoxicity. Decolorization of the efflu
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
This document summarizes a study on using the bacteria Lactobacillus delbruckii to remove synthetic dyes from wastewater. The study explored how effectively the bacteria could decolorize two common reactive dyes, Reactive Orange 16 and Reactive Black 5, under different pH, temperature, and initial dye concentration conditions. The results showed that L. delbruckii was able to decolorize both dyes, with optimum decolorization occurring at a pH of 10, temperature of 37°C, and initial dye concentration of 10 ppm. Therefore, this bacteria shows potential for use in treating textile wastewater and meeting Malaysian wastewater standards in an environmentally friendly and low-cost
Performance of integrated process using fungal strain corialus versicalor mtcIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the degradation of three dyes (Quinoline Yellow, Eosin B, and Rose Bengal) using an integrated process of fungal degradation and electrochemical oxidation. The fungal strain Corialus versicalor was found to efficiently decolorize the dyes. Degradation was measured by monitoring chemical oxygen demand (COD), which decreased by over 90% for the treated effluents. Spectral analysis showed reductions in dye absorption after treatment. The integrated process demonstrates potential for treating and reusing textile dye wastewater.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the decolorization of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) using immobilized beads of Bacillus coagulans.
Key findings include:
- B. coagulans was effective at decolorizing MB, removing up to 98% of dye within 25 hours.
- The bacteria was immobilized using sodium alginate beads and agricultural waste (sawdust), which performed similarly to free bacteria.
- Decolorization kinetics followed pseudo-first order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated the process was spontaneous and exothermic.
- Reusable immobilized beads maintained high decolorization (over 90%) after
Biological Removal of Malachite Green and Congo red by Some Filamentous FungiIJEAB
Four strains of filamentous fungi were studied to a removal of Malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR). These fungi were Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus versicolor and P. funigulosum. P. funigulosum showed that decolorization activity was higher than other fungi on solid medium containing MG and CR . The stastical method obtained that there was no significance between fungi . All these fungi were able to degradation dyes to other metabolites . The dry weight ( Biomass) of P. funigulosum reached to 1.10 ,1.02 in mineral salts medium (MSM) with MG and CR respectively , and the stastical methods obtained that there was no significance in dry weights between fungi .
The document discusses using bioactive compounds from anaerobic fermentation of animal fleshing waste from leather industries for tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater. Animal fleshing was degraded under anaerobic conditions within 8 days, producing bioactive compounds from microbes. The crude compounds showed antibacterial activity against pathogens and multi-drug resistant organisms. Testing on secondary treated domestic wastewater found the compounds reduced bacterial counts to zero within 8 hours when immobilized on activated carbon. The study demonstrates these bioactive compounds' potential as an alternative to conventional tertiary wastewater disinfection methods.
Sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill efluenteSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. The study found that anaerobic treatment alone reduced color, lignin, COD and BOD by 18-36% over 5 days. The effluent was then treated aerobically using fungal and bacterial species. Rhizopus stolonifer showed the best reductions of 71-77% for color and lignin and 68-70% for COD and BOD. Pleurotus, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species also reduced these parameters but to a lesser extent. Therefore, Rhizopus was identified as having the best degradation capacity for treating pulp and paper mill effluent through
1. The study isolated 32 bacterial strains from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil that were able to degrade chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon source.
2. Four strains - SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2, and SWLH2 - were able to degrade up to 92% of 100 mg/L chlorpyrifos within 18 days under shaking conditions at 30°C and neutral pH.
3. Analysis showed the biodegradation was directly correlated to bacterial growth, indicating it was a growth-linked process. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the strains as Enterobacter spp. (SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2) and Agrobacterium (SWLH
Monoculture Solid Phase Degradative Potential of Congo red by Aspergillus Nig...ijtsrd
Mycoremediation is a great technology and can be exploited for the bioremediation of dyes contaminated soil and also to reclaim wastewater. Fungal strain isolated from local Tie and Dye factory in Awka was examined for their dye degrading potentialsand it was found to be capable of degrading Congo red under its optimized medium and growth conditions using solid agar phase biodegradation analysis, it is an employable approach for textile effluent degradation to less toxic components. The effect of independent variables such as time, temperature, and pH on decolorization efficiency was constant and put into perspectives. The biodegradation of Congo Red was demonstrated by decolorization of solid state dye minimal culture medium, the extent of degradation was measured to be directly proportional to fungal growth which was determined by monitoring the growth of the 2 fungal isolates Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus diameterin of this dye minimal containing various concentration 0.1 , 0.01 , and 0.001 of dyes formulation. The biodegradation of the dye was related to its decolorization during growth of fungi and Apergillus niger showed a degradation potential of about 81 while Aspegillus flavus showed a potential of 62 . There was increase in decolorization diameter along with increase in incubation time. While performing the process optimization studies for the decolorization of the dye maximum decolorization was observed at room temperature and under static conditions. It was found that the isolated fungal strain was considered to be well adapted, resistant and highly acclimatized to dye contaminated soils showing the decolorization of Congo red dye. Okeke, B. C. | Uwanta L. I. | Odibo, F. J. C. | Agu, K. C. | Victor-Aduloju A. T. "Monoculture Solid Phase Degradative Potential of Congo red by Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus Flavus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57448.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/biological-science/microbiology/57448/monoculture-solid-phase-degradative-potential-of-congo-red-by-aspergillus-niger-and-aspergillus-flavus/okeke-b-c
This document summarizes restrictions on sharing and distributing an article from a journal published by Elsevier. The copy is for the author's personal non-commercial use, including instruction and sharing with colleagues. Other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling, licensing copies or posting on websites are prohibited without permission. Authors can generally post their version of the article to their personal or institutional websites or repositories. The document provides a link for more information on Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies.
This document summarizes restrictions on sharing and distributing an article from a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy can be used by the author for non-commercial research and education purposes, including instruction and sharing with colleagues, but other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling, licensing copies or posting to third party websites are prohibited without permission. The author is allowed to post a version of the article to their personal website or institutional repository in most cases. Further information on Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies is available at the provided URL.
Bacterial pigments have many applications in current day to day life. The pigments produced by chromobacteria can be used for various applications like dairy, pharmaceutical, and food etc. In this study, three types of pigments were isolated i.e. yellow from Xanthomonas sp., pinkish Red from Rhodotorula sp., and orange from Sarcina sp. Pigmented bacterial isolates were obtained from the soil samples and used for the pigment extraction study. We studied that the pigment producing bacteria and identified the color producing pigments. Soil samples from Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Chennai, and Andhra sea coast were collected and used for isolation of microbes producing pigments. Purification of extracted pigments were done by column chromatography, whereas identification and characterization of purified pigment done by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and GC/MS analysis etc. The pigment isolated from bacterial sp. were used for the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, and anticancer & transformation studies. The bacterial extracts of carotenoid pigment extracted and used as natural colorants for food products and dying of cloth.
Key-words: - Soil samples, GC/MS analysis, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Carotenoid, Pigment extraction
A series of batch and bioreactors experiments were carried out for absorption of dis-azo dyes present in
textile mill effluents under different aeration conditions. One fungal strain with five rates of air was
used to absorb direct brown dye. Five liters bioreactors were applied to study the removal performance.
The experimental results are compared for various operating conditions. The effects of airflow rate
(1/8, ¼, ½, 1, 2 v/v min) inlet on the dye removing were assessed. It was found that the rate of aeration
of ½ v/v min induced increase in dye removal percentages (72%) and fungal biomass (9.2 g); at the rate
of aeration of 2 v/v min, high dye removal percentage (77%) was recorded with a decrease in biomass
dry weight at the end of the incubation time. The results also indicated that the biomass dry weight
obtained at three flow rates of aeration was more or less similar until the end of the growth stage (after
incubation for three days). The results obtained indicate that using low rate of aeration (1/8, ¼, ½ v/v
min) was better for dye biosorption than high rate (1, 2 v/v min), and therefore it is recommended for
dis-azo dye removing.
This research proposal aims to investigate the use of eggshell and its membrane for removing reactive dye from textile wastewater. Specifically, the student will (1) prepare eggshell powder and membrane to adsorb reactive brilliant blue dye, (2) analyze dye removal under different pH levels and concentrations, and (3) determine optimal conditions for maximum dye removal. A literature review found that eggshell membrane has a large surface area and positively charged sites that can electrostatically attract negatively charged dye molecules. Experiments will examine effects of pH, temperature, particle size, and dye concentration on adsorption capacity of eggshell and membrane.
Comparative study on screening methods of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Microbial Production Of Alkaline Proteases And Evaluation Of Its Performances...Shafkat Shamim Rahman
A high alkaline protease producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified a local soil sample. The organism was gram positive and forms spore during adverse condition in the growth medium. After various tests it was suggested and the features agreed with the description of Bacillus subtilis. It was also identified as B. subtilis with 99.9% identity by API 50 CHB. The enzyme hydrolyses a number of proteins including azocasein which suggests that it is an extracellular alkaline protease. The experimentally determined isoelectric point was 5.1 and the optimal enzyme activity was at 60°C and at pH 8.5. The esterase preferentially hydrolyzed short-chain fatty acids. Native enzyme preparations typically showed a Michaelis constant (Km) and Vmax of 0.40mM and 12,200 U mg)-1, respectively. This microbial enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, DEAE cellulose chromatography and electrophoretic analysis. Enzyme purity was tested by SDS-PAGE. Quantitative estimation has shown that 40mL of culture supernatant could dehair 2×1 cm of leather completely in 9 hours. In future the tanneries will use a combination of chemical and enzymatic processes. In practical applications, protease is a useful enzyme for promoting the hydrolysis of proteins and showing significant industrial applications.
IRJET- Treatment of Industrial Effluent using MicroorganismIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the treatment of industrial effluent using microorganisms. Samples of textile dye effluent were collected from an industry in Chennai, India and various microorganisms including bacteria and fungi were identified. Five bacterial strains - Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter, Legionella, and Staphylococcus - were isolated and their ability to degrade the effluent was tested. Pseudomonas showed the highest degradation at 73%, while Acinetobacter achieved 52% and Staphylococcus 58% degradation. The study demonstrates that indigenous microorganisms can effectively treat industrial effluent through biodegradation in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner
This document summarizes a study that formulated and tested rapidly dissolving nanofibers of the anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (GLB) using electrospinning and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Scanning electron microscopy showed the nanofibers were 370-553nm in diameter. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated good drug-polymer compatibility. In vitro drug release studies found the nanofibers had enhanced dissolution rates compared to pure GLB, with release dependent on pH. The nanofibers showed potential as a fast dissolving oral formulation to improve GLB solubility and bioavailability.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) extracts against several pathogens. Phytochemical analysis of the neem extract found the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and quinones. The agar diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the neem extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. The neem extract showed high antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi but was less active against Bacillus subtilis based on the zone of inhibition values. Overall, the study suggests neem extracts have antimicrobial properties and could
protease activity of extracellular enzyme produced by b. subtilis isolated fr...IJEAB
Background: Proteases produced by enzymatic method are more environments friendly than chemical process, and they have tremendous potential in the leather industry and in other several industries. In this study extracellular protease producing non pathogenic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from soil sample and relationship between sporulation and extracellular protease synthesis in large scale cultivation was studied. The enzyme was further characterized, purified, and tested for potential application. Result: The molecular weight of the protease was found to be ~30 KDa. Enzyme activity was checked on the presence of different metal ions and effectors. The enzyme was slightly modulated by MG++ ion, and significantly by Hg++ ion, while Zn++ ion slightly decrease the proteolytic activity. Sulfahydryl reagents, DTT slightly and β-ME significantly inhibit the enzyme. EDTA showed no effect on the enzyme suggesting that the enzyme might not be metalloprotease. PMSF, a known serine protease inhibitor was seen to totally inhibit the enzyme which indicates that the enzyme is a serine protease. The optimum enzyme activity was observed after 22 hours of incubation of B. subtilis at 37o C. Conclusions: Crude enzyme contains 285 units of enzyme which have direct dehairing activity. The enzyme was also seen to be able to remove blood and curry stain from clothes; making it a very promising candidate to be used in a leather and detergent industry. Apart from protease the bacterium was also seen to have lipase and collagenase activity. So, the bacteria are potentially good candidate for industrial application.
This document discusses the insecticidal effects of mixtures of potassium soap and pyrethroids on the potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) found in potato plants. Key points:
- PLRV is a virus transmitted to potato plants by whiteflies, causing leaf curling, stunting and yield reduction.
- Individual applications of potassium palmitate soap or pyrethroid insecticides were not very effective at controlling whiteflies.
- A mixture of potassium palmitate soap and pyrethroids was found to have enhanced insecticidal efficacy compared to individual components.
- Mixtures with a pH between 9.73-10.44 were most effective after 4 weeks of application, resulting in 45-59
This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Syzygium jambos. Methanolic extracts and aqueous soluble fractions of S. jambos stem bark exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The chloroform and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions showed mild antimicrobial activity against several bacteria. The chloroform soluble fraction also demonstrated moderate free radical scavenging activity. Overall, S. jambos extracts displayed antioxidant and limited antimicrobial effects, suggesting potential for further investigation into their bioactive properties.
An Evaluation of Commercial Textile Tannins Based on Their Inert COD Content ...Tolga Tezgel
This study evaluated two common tannin formulations used in the textile dyeing process - Tannin 1 and Tannin 2 - to determine their inert chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and toxicity. Both tannins had high levels of initially inert soluble COD, accounting for 59% and 41% of total COD respectively. Acute toxicity tests on bacteria Vibrio fischeri found that both tannins were toxic, with Tannin 2 showing considerably higher toxicity. The results indicate that effluents containing these tannins require specific pretreatment to reduce their recalcitrance and toxicity before mixing and conventional biological treatment.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of organic solvent extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaves. Ethanol and methanol extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens compared to chloroform and n-hexane extracts. The ethanol extract was most effective against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Proteus mirablis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm the antimicrobial activity of C. gigantea extracts against human pathogens.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts. The leaves were extracted using ethanol, methanol, chloroform and n-hexane solvents. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi using the agar well diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Candida albicans and Proteus mirablis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm that C. gigantea extracts have antibacterial and antifungal properties against human pathogens.
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
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The document discusses using bioactive compounds from anaerobic fermentation of animal fleshing waste from leather industries for tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater. Animal fleshing was degraded under anaerobic conditions within 8 days, producing bioactive compounds from microbes. The crude compounds showed antibacterial activity against pathogens and multi-drug resistant organisms. Testing on secondary treated domestic wastewater found the compounds reduced bacterial counts to zero within 8 hours when immobilized on activated carbon. The study demonstrates these bioactive compounds' potential as an alternative to conventional tertiary wastewater disinfection methods.
Sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill efluenteSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent. The study found that anaerobic treatment alone reduced color, lignin, COD and BOD by 18-36% over 5 days. The effluent was then treated aerobically using fungal and bacterial species. Rhizopus stolonifer showed the best reductions of 71-77% for color and lignin and 68-70% for COD and BOD. Pleurotus, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species also reduced these parameters but to a lesser extent. Therefore, Rhizopus was identified as having the best degradation capacity for treating pulp and paper mill effluent through
1. The study isolated 32 bacterial strains from chlorpyrifos contaminated soil that were able to degrade chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon source.
2. Four strains - SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2, and SWLH2 - were able to degrade up to 92% of 100 mg/L chlorpyrifos within 18 days under shaking conditions at 30°C and neutral pH.
3. Analysis showed the biodegradation was directly correlated to bacterial growth, indicating it was a growth-linked process. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the strains as Enterobacter spp. (SGB2, SWLC1, SWLC2) and Agrobacterium (SWLH
Monoculture Solid Phase Degradative Potential of Congo red by Aspergillus Nig...ijtsrd
Mycoremediation is a great technology and can be exploited for the bioremediation of dyes contaminated soil and also to reclaim wastewater. Fungal strain isolated from local Tie and Dye factory in Awka was examined for their dye degrading potentialsand it was found to be capable of degrading Congo red under its optimized medium and growth conditions using solid agar phase biodegradation analysis, it is an employable approach for textile effluent degradation to less toxic components. The effect of independent variables such as time, temperature, and pH on decolorization efficiency was constant and put into perspectives. The biodegradation of Congo Red was demonstrated by decolorization of solid state dye minimal culture medium, the extent of degradation was measured to be directly proportional to fungal growth which was determined by monitoring the growth of the 2 fungal isolates Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus diameterin of this dye minimal containing various concentration 0.1 , 0.01 , and 0.001 of dyes formulation. The biodegradation of the dye was related to its decolorization during growth of fungi and Apergillus niger showed a degradation potential of about 81 while Aspegillus flavus showed a potential of 62 . There was increase in decolorization diameter along with increase in incubation time. While performing the process optimization studies for the decolorization of the dye maximum decolorization was observed at room temperature and under static conditions. It was found that the isolated fungal strain was considered to be well adapted, resistant and highly acclimatized to dye contaminated soils showing the decolorization of Congo red dye. Okeke, B. C. | Uwanta L. I. | Odibo, F. J. C. | Agu, K. C. | Victor-Aduloju A. T. "Monoculture Solid Phase Degradative Potential of Congo red by Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus Flavus" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57448.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/biological-science/microbiology/57448/monoculture-solid-phase-degradative-potential-of-congo-red-by-aspergillus-niger-and-aspergillus-flavus/okeke-b-c
This document summarizes restrictions on sharing and distributing an article from a journal published by Elsevier. The copy is for the author's personal non-commercial use, including instruction and sharing with colleagues. Other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling, licensing copies or posting on websites are prohibited without permission. Authors can generally post their version of the article to their personal or institutional websites or repositories. The document provides a link for more information on Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies.
This document summarizes restrictions on sharing and distributing an article from a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy can be used by the author for non-commercial research and education purposes, including instruction and sharing with colleagues, but other uses like reproduction, distribution, selling, licensing copies or posting to third party websites are prohibited without permission. The author is allowed to post a version of the article to their personal website or institutional repository in most cases. Further information on Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies is available at the provided URL.
Bacterial pigments have many applications in current day to day life. The pigments produced by chromobacteria can be used for various applications like dairy, pharmaceutical, and food etc. In this study, three types of pigments were isolated i.e. yellow from Xanthomonas sp., pinkish Red from Rhodotorula sp., and orange from Sarcina sp. Pigmented bacterial isolates were obtained from the soil samples and used for the pigment extraction study. We studied that the pigment producing bacteria and identified the color producing pigments. Soil samples from Pondicherry, Cuddalore, Chennai, and Andhra sea coast were collected and used for isolation of microbes producing pigments. Purification of extracted pigments were done by column chromatography, whereas identification and characterization of purified pigment done by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and GC/MS analysis etc. The pigment isolated from bacterial sp. were used for the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, and anticancer & transformation studies. The bacterial extracts of carotenoid pigment extracted and used as natural colorants for food products and dying of cloth.
Key-words: - Soil samples, GC/MS analysis, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Carotenoid, Pigment extraction
A series of batch and bioreactors experiments were carried out for absorption of dis-azo dyes present in
textile mill effluents under different aeration conditions. One fungal strain with five rates of air was
used to absorb direct brown dye. Five liters bioreactors were applied to study the removal performance.
The experimental results are compared for various operating conditions. The effects of airflow rate
(1/8, ¼, ½, 1, 2 v/v min) inlet on the dye removing were assessed. It was found that the rate of aeration
of ½ v/v min induced increase in dye removal percentages (72%) and fungal biomass (9.2 g); at the rate
of aeration of 2 v/v min, high dye removal percentage (77%) was recorded with a decrease in biomass
dry weight at the end of the incubation time. The results also indicated that the biomass dry weight
obtained at three flow rates of aeration was more or less similar until the end of the growth stage (after
incubation for three days). The results obtained indicate that using low rate of aeration (1/8, ¼, ½ v/v
min) was better for dye biosorption than high rate (1, 2 v/v min), and therefore it is recommended for
dis-azo dye removing.
This research proposal aims to investigate the use of eggshell and its membrane for removing reactive dye from textile wastewater. Specifically, the student will (1) prepare eggshell powder and membrane to adsorb reactive brilliant blue dye, (2) analyze dye removal under different pH levels and concentrations, and (3) determine optimal conditions for maximum dye removal. A literature review found that eggshell membrane has a large surface area and positively charged sites that can electrostatically attract negatively charged dye molecules. Experiments will examine effects of pH, temperature, particle size, and dye concentration on adsorption capacity of eggshell and membrane.
Comparative study on screening methods of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Microbial Production Of Alkaline Proteases And Evaluation Of Its Performances...Shafkat Shamim Rahman
A high alkaline protease producing bacterial strain was isolated and identified a local soil sample. The organism was gram positive and forms spore during adverse condition in the growth medium. After various tests it was suggested and the features agreed with the description of Bacillus subtilis. It was also identified as B. subtilis with 99.9% identity by API 50 CHB. The enzyme hydrolyses a number of proteins including azocasein which suggests that it is an extracellular alkaline protease. The experimentally determined isoelectric point was 5.1 and the optimal enzyme activity was at 60°C and at pH 8.5. The esterase preferentially hydrolyzed short-chain fatty acids. Native enzyme preparations typically showed a Michaelis constant (Km) and Vmax of 0.40mM and 12,200 U mg)-1, respectively. This microbial enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, DEAE cellulose chromatography and electrophoretic analysis. Enzyme purity was tested by SDS-PAGE. Quantitative estimation has shown that 40mL of culture supernatant could dehair 2×1 cm of leather completely in 9 hours. In future the tanneries will use a combination of chemical and enzymatic processes. In practical applications, protease is a useful enzyme for promoting the hydrolysis of proteins and showing significant industrial applications.
IRJET- Treatment of Industrial Effluent using MicroorganismIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the treatment of industrial effluent using microorganisms. Samples of textile dye effluent were collected from an industry in Chennai, India and various microorganisms including bacteria and fungi were identified. Five bacterial strains - Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter, Legionella, and Staphylococcus - were isolated and their ability to degrade the effluent was tested. Pseudomonas showed the highest degradation at 73%, while Acinetobacter achieved 52% and Staphylococcus 58% degradation. The study demonstrates that indigenous microorganisms can effectively treat industrial effluent through biodegradation in an eco-friendly and cost-effective manner
This document summarizes a study that formulated and tested rapidly dissolving nanofibers of the anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (GLB) using electrospinning and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer. Scanning electron microscopy showed the nanofibers were 370-553nm in diameter. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated good drug-polymer compatibility. In vitro drug release studies found the nanofibers had enhanced dissolution rates compared to pure GLB, with release dependent on pH. The nanofibers showed potential as a fast dissolving oral formulation to improve GLB solubility and bioavailability.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) extracts against several pathogens. Phytochemical analysis of the neem extract found the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, and quinones. The agar diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of the neem extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. The neem extract showed high antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi but was less active against Bacillus subtilis based on the zone of inhibition values. Overall, the study suggests neem extracts have antimicrobial properties and could
protease activity of extracellular enzyme produced by b. subtilis isolated fr...IJEAB
Background: Proteases produced by enzymatic method are more environments friendly than chemical process, and they have tremendous potential in the leather industry and in other several industries. In this study extracellular protease producing non pathogenic Bacillus subtilis was isolated from soil sample and relationship between sporulation and extracellular protease synthesis in large scale cultivation was studied. The enzyme was further characterized, purified, and tested for potential application. Result: The molecular weight of the protease was found to be ~30 KDa. Enzyme activity was checked on the presence of different metal ions and effectors. The enzyme was slightly modulated by MG++ ion, and significantly by Hg++ ion, while Zn++ ion slightly decrease the proteolytic activity. Sulfahydryl reagents, DTT slightly and β-ME significantly inhibit the enzyme. EDTA showed no effect on the enzyme suggesting that the enzyme might not be metalloprotease. PMSF, a known serine protease inhibitor was seen to totally inhibit the enzyme which indicates that the enzyme is a serine protease. The optimum enzyme activity was observed after 22 hours of incubation of B. subtilis at 37o C. Conclusions: Crude enzyme contains 285 units of enzyme which have direct dehairing activity. The enzyme was also seen to be able to remove blood and curry stain from clothes; making it a very promising candidate to be used in a leather and detergent industry. Apart from protease the bacterium was also seen to have lipase and collagenase activity. So, the bacteria are potentially good candidate for industrial application.
This document discusses the insecticidal effects of mixtures of potassium soap and pyrethroids on the potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) found in potato plants. Key points:
- PLRV is a virus transmitted to potato plants by whiteflies, causing leaf curling, stunting and yield reduction.
- Individual applications of potassium palmitate soap or pyrethroid insecticides were not very effective at controlling whiteflies.
- A mixture of potassium palmitate soap and pyrethroids was found to have enhanced insecticidal efficacy compared to individual components.
- Mixtures with a pH between 9.73-10.44 were most effective after 4 weeks of application, resulting in 45-59
This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Syzygium jambos. Methanolic extracts and aqueous soluble fractions of S. jambos stem bark exhibited significant antioxidant activity. The chloroform and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions showed mild antimicrobial activity against several bacteria. The chloroform soluble fraction also demonstrated moderate free radical scavenging activity. Overall, S. jambos extracts displayed antioxidant and limited antimicrobial effects, suggesting potential for further investigation into their bioactive properties.
An Evaluation of Commercial Textile Tannins Based on Their Inert COD Content ...Tolga Tezgel
This study evaluated two common tannin formulations used in the textile dyeing process - Tannin 1 and Tannin 2 - to determine their inert chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and toxicity. Both tannins had high levels of initially inert soluble COD, accounting for 59% and 41% of total COD respectively. Acute toxicity tests on bacteria Vibrio fischeri found that both tannins were toxic, with Tannin 2 showing considerably higher toxicity. The results indicate that effluents containing these tannins require specific pretreatment to reduce their recalcitrance and toxicity before mixing and conventional biological treatment.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of organic solvent extracts of Calotropis gigantea leaves. Ethanol and methanol extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens compared to chloroform and n-hexane extracts. The ethanol extract was most effective against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Proteus mirablis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm the antimicrobial activity of C. gigantea extracts against human pathogens.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This study evaluated the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Calotropis gigantea leaf extracts. The leaves were extracted using ethanol, methanol, chloroform and n-hexane solvents. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against various bacteria and fungi using the agar well diffusion method. The ethanol extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against pathogens like Candida albicans and Proteus mirablis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of compounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids in the extracts. The results confirm that C. gigantea extracts have antibacterial and antifungal properties against human pathogens.
Similar to Increasing_Efficiency_Dye_Degrading_Bacteria_Plasmid_Transfer_Method.pdf (20)
Background: Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into the surrounding tissue. Changes to DNA cause cancer. It is one of the most common and largest killer diseases in the world. It usually affects physically, and the disease can alter one’s perspective on life and personality. Many treatment options are there to treat cancer. Among them, chemotherapy treatment may have more side effects like lethargy, esophagitis, nausea, vomiting, Fatigue, and insomnia, the most common problems among chemotherapy patients in India. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a sample size of 60, out of which 30 subjects were in the experimental group and 30 were in the control group. A convenient sampling method was used to select the subjects. A structured questionnaire tool was used to collect the data. Result: The result of the study showed that, during pre-test in the study group, among 30 subjects 3(10%) had moderate Fatigue, 22(73.33%) had severe Fatigue, 5(16.67%) had worst Fatigue and 12(40%) had moderate insomnia, 18(60%) had severe insomnia and in control group among 30 subjects, 6(20%) had moderate Fatigue, 13(43.33%) had severe Fatigue, 11(36.67%) had a worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. With post-test, in experimental group, 14(46.67%) had no fatigue, 16(53.33%) had mild fatigue, 14(46.67%) had no insomnia, 16(53.33%) had mild insomnia, and in control group, 6(20%) had moderate fatigue, 13(43.33%) had extreme fatigue, 11(36.67%) had worst fatigue, and 14(46.67%) had moderate insomnia, 16(53.33%) had severe insomnia. Conclusion: The study concluded that clients who were receiving chemotherapy had fatigue and insomnia problems. The Warm water foot bath therapy is very effective in clients undergoing chemotherapy in reducing Fatigue and insomnia. A positive correlation between pre-test and post-test was found by using the Mann-Whitney test.
Key-words: Cancer, Chemotherapy, Foot bath, Health, Warm water
Background: Alcohol has long been a global social and medical issue. According to W.H.O report. Total 3.3 million people die from
alcohol abuse annually. Alcoholic liver disease (A.L.D.) ranges from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Chronic heavy drinkers get hepatitis
or cirrhosis 15 20% of the time
Methods: This study was c onducted in the general medicine inpatient department at PGIMER & C . in Bhubaneswar, Odisha,
Indi a. All hospitali z ed patients with liver illness who had previously t aken alcohol were screened. Each patient's alcohol
consumption, including native alcoholic beverages, was recorded. To support the diagnosis, all standard and extra examination s
were carri ed out. The modified Kuppuswamy scale was used to determine s s ocioeconomic class.
Results: The study comprised 186 participants with a median age of 46. The gender ratio was 3:1, with 139 (74.7%) men. Urban
populations have a greater prevalence of alcohol ic liver disease (60.75%) than rural populations (39.24%). The l ower
s ocioeconomic c lass (50.53%) has the highest rate of alcoholic liver disease. Men drink more (>700 gm/wk) and married people
drink more. A woman who drinks 140 280 grams per week for 10 1 5 years is more likely to develop alcoholic liver disease than a
man who drinks >700 grams per week for 15 years.
Conclusions: In this study, we conclude d that the prevalence of A .L. about S .E. is of utmost importance in developing
population based st r ategies that effectively educate individuals on the need to modify their drinking habits. This is crucial to
mitigate the occurrence of alcohol consumption and its associated repercussions.
Key-words: Socioeconomic status, Hospitalized Patients, Alcoholic Liver Disease
Background: One of the most common disorders in this age group, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), is the primary cause of most gynaecological problems in adolescents. Unfortunately, epidemiological data on AUB in teenagers is scarce, especially in the Indian subcontinent. The PALM-COEIN classification, where PALM stands for structural reasons and COEIN for functional causes, was employed in this single-center prospective observational study to evaluate the relative contributions of several etiological factors in AUB. To comprehend the etiological, dermographic, and therapeutic factors affecting menorrhagia in patients going through adolescence. Methods: Enrollment for females with AUB between 10 and 19 occurred between January and December 2022. A thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, which in every case comprised standard testing, hormone analysis, and abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography were used to determine the cause of AUB. MRIs and CT scans were performed when needed. Results: There were 190 patients enrolled in total. Functional factors comprised the predominant aetiology of AUB among adolescent females: Adenomyosis=01 (0.52%), Polyp=1 (0.52%). Coagulopathy=2 (1.05%), Leomyoma=01 (0.52%), Malignancy=1 (0.52%), and PALM=4 (2.11%). COEIN=186 (97.89%), ovulation disorder=175 (92.15%), endometrial=01 (0.52%), iatrogenic=6 (3.15%), non-specified=2 (1.05%), and iatrogenic=6 (3.15%). Conclusion: The most frequent cause of AUB in the adolescent population is ovulatory abnormalities. Even though they are extremely rare, structural factors must be ruled out. A helpful technique for evaluating patients with AUB systematically is the PALM-COEIN classification.
Key-words: PALM-COEIN, Leiomyoma, AUB, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Hormonal therapy
Derived from the bacterium Proteus vulgaris , chondroitin ABC lyase is an enzyme that can be used in treating proteoglycans that
affect neural activity (communication, plasticity). Chondroitinase can be used for vision abnormalities and spinal injuries. The
biological activity of chondroitinase is due to its ability to act on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) which are required for
normal functioning. Th is study aim s to examine various types and routes of administration of Chondr oitina se e n zymes. There is an
increasing application of chondro itin sulfate proteoglycans in spinal cord injury, vit reous attachment, and the management of
various carcinogenic conditions. Research must be done to create an effective chondroitinase delivery mech anism so that the
pharmacological activity seen in vitro and in preclinical research may be applied in the clinic. More studies are required to widen
the application of chondroitinase in therapeutics. In this review, chondroitinase ABC, B, and C are all di scuss ed. T he routes of
administration like caudal or ros tral, intracerebroventricular, hydrogels, and intrath ecal have been detailed. The current review
article highlights the different medical uses for chondroitinase, drug delivery methods for the enzym e, and chondroitinase
dispersion across bacteria. In conclusion, this study can reduce the chance of edema by the intracerebroventric ular route.
However, it is not effective for people due to the gyrencephalic anatomy of brain
Key-words: Chondroitinase, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans, Spinal Injuries, Ocular Abnormalities, Proteoglycans
Background: Maturing is a widespread peculiarity. Advanced age is not in itself a sickness however is an ordinary piece of human existence length. A guardian, like wise called a career, home wellbeing assistant or individual consideration assistant, is the individual answerable for furnishing their clients with day-to-day private consideration and help with exercises. Methods: Exploration approach: unmistakable methodology research plan: graphic study research plan. The setting of the review: provincial areas of Bagalkot region. Information assortment strategy: organized polls test. The example was chosen by an arbitrary inspecting procedure. The analyst arbitrarily chose Shirur town as a provincial setting and was chosen for enrolment of subjects. Results: The information score of guardians was 41.06%, with mean and SD of 12.32±3.925. These discoveries uncover those guardians had normal information for advanced-age medical conditions. The mentality score of guardians was 73.73%, with a mean and SD of 110.6±11.008. These discoveries uncovers that parental figures have concur capable demeanour in regards to the advanced age medical conditions. Conclusion: At last, a critical co-connection between the information and demeanour at 0.001 the discoveries uncovers that there is a moderate positive relationship between the information and disposition of the advanced age medical issues.
Key-words: Assess, Care Giver, Health Problems, Knowledge, Old Age
Background: Adolescent is one of the most rapid phases of human development. Anemia is a deficiency in the number of RBC in your body. RBC carry oxygen around your body using a particular protein called hemoglobin. Normal hemoglobin level in adolescent girls 13-15 g/dl. According to WHO, the hemoglobin level 10- 11.9 g/dl is considered mild anemia, 7-9 g/dl is considered moderate, and less than 7 g/dl is called severe anemia. Methods: The present study is pre-experimental among 60 adolescent girls, using a disproportional stratified random technique. One experimental group of clients was selected without randomization and no control group was used. The data was collected by using the structured close-ended knowledge questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics regarding mean, frequency distribution, percentage, paired table t-test and chi-square test. Results: The overall findings reveal that the post-test knowledge mean score 26.24% with SD±5.94, which was 72% of the total score was more when compared to the pre-test knowledge mean score 12.98 with SD 5.94, which was 36.83% of total score. The calculated t-value of 24.91 was much higher than the table t-value 1.96 for the hypothesis. Conclusion: The study provides that VATP on knowledge regarding the preparation and use of moringa juice in managing anemia among adolescent girls was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Adolescent girls, Knowledge, VATP, Effectiveness, Socio-demographic variables.
Background: The research demonstrates that water birth comports and loosens mothers actually and intellectually. The buoyance lessens body weight and permits free development and situating to the mother. Buoyance and warm water upgrade uterine withdrawal and better blood flow, which builds uterine muscles' oxygenation, diminishes the mother's torment and increases maternal oxygenation of the child. Submersion of water assists with decreasing circulatory strain and additionally gives security, which hinders uneasiness or dread. Methods: The current review pre-trial study with 50, 4th-year B.Sc. Nursing is chosen through basic arbitrary methods. One gathering pre-test without control bunch configuration was utilized. Information was gathered through a self-directed, organized, shut, finished information survey. Data was examined by involving distinct and inferential measurements concerning mean rate by conveyance, matched "t" test, and Chi-square test for affiliation. Results: The pre-test reveals that out of 50 BSc 4th-year nursing students, the highest pre-test (62%) of BSc 4th-year nursing students had poor knowledge. Overall, the post-test knowledge score (22.6±4.19), 70.62% of the total score, was more than the pre-test knowledge score (8.76±3.95), 23.3%. The effectiveness of the assisted teaching programme, in this area, the mean knowledge score was 13.84 with SD±0.24, which was 43.25% of the total score. Hence, it indicates that the video-assisted teaching program effectively enhanced the knowledge of BSc 4th-year nursing students. Conclusion: This study concluded that video-assisted teaching programmes on knowledge regarding waterbirth among B.Sc 4th year Nursing students was the scientific, logical and cost-effective strategy.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Fourth year B.Sc. Nursing students, Knowledge, VATP, Water birth
Background: Post-menopausal women experience many physical, emotional, and mental symptoms during the post-menopausal period, and reflexology has grown into a complex therapeutic modality and has a range of effects. Reflexology will help put hormones back into a normal state and act like a process of emotional cleansing, relieving stress and restoring harmony to the body and soul. Hence, foot reflexology seems to be effective in treating post-menopausal symptoms. Methods: In the present study, pre-experimental i.e. one group pretest-posttest design, was adopted. The study was conducted on 30 post-menopausal women to assess their knowledge regarding foot reflexology. Samples were selected by using a convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean percentage of the pre-test score was 28%, and the post-test score was 76.65%. The mean and the standard deviation of the pre-test score were 5.60±1.71, and the mean and the standard deviation of the post-test score were 15.33±1.15. The total mean and standard deviation are 9.73±2.07 by comparing the pre-test and post-test scores. Hence, it was found that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of post-menopausal women regarding foot reflexology. No significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and socio-demographic variables on foot reflexology. Conclusion: The study concluded that a planned teaching program on knowledge regarding foot reflexology for post-menopausal women was a scientific, logical, and cost-effective strategy to reduce post-menopausal symptoms.
Key-words: Effectiveness, Foot reflexology, Post-menopausal women, Planned teaching program, Socio-demographic variables
Background: A 51-year-old woman had left lower abdomen pain for 18 hours with nausea and vomiting. Prior CT scans suggested pelvic neoplasms. Our hospital's emergency CT showed an enlarged uterus with cystic shadows, right adnexal cysts, and stomach fluid. Physical examination revealed left lower abdomen discomfort. A gynaecological examination revealed a painful, firm pelvic mass of 151210 cm. Further diagnosis is underway. Method: The patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy, discovering a twisted, swollen left ovary with a 540° rotation, classified as a benign cyst. It was found that the patient had congenital upper vaginal atresia and bilateral initial uteri. Pain was reduced after surgery, thanks to symptomatic treatment. An abnormal karyotype of 46, XX,1qh+ was found during genetic testing. Result: Fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina develop from the embryonic accessory mesonephric duct. MRKH syndrome is caused by bilateral accessory mesonephric duct dysplasia and disappearance of the uterus or vagina. MRKH has three types, with Type 1 lacking uterus or vagina. Due to ovarian cyst torsion, this Type 1 MRKH with double initial uterus and upper vaginal atresia needed left adnexa resection. Genetic testing showed a typical female karyotype. MRKH's complex aetiology incorporates chromosomal abnormalities, emphasizing early cytogenetic evaluation for personalized treatment and fertility assistance. Conclusion: Early cytogenetic testing for MRKH syndrome patients is crucial for determining the underlying cause and guiding personalized treatment plans to restore reproductive function and improve quality of life.
Key-words: Double primordial uterus; MRKH syndrome; Upper vaginal atresia; Torsion of left ovarian cyst pedicle
Background: Cell phones have advanced to the degree of becoming a necessary piece of individuals' lives. Cell phones are utilised for correspondence, diversion, efficiency, interpersonal interaction, and gaming. In addition to supplanting the conventional cells, cell phones have likewise supplanted personal computers and numerous other comparative gadgets. Individuals these days feel indistinguishable from their cell phones. In lined with the rising improvement of innovation and excessive utilisation of cell phones, one of the significant issues that scientists have noticed and are chipping away at is cell phone addiction. Methods: It was a graphic study directed among 100 nursing students aged 19-22 in B.V.V.S. Institute of Nursing Sciences Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilising a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio-demographic information. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (Alertness Test) was utilised to evaluate the classroom alertness of the nursing students and the Cell phone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) was utilised to assess the cell addiction of the nursing students. Results: An association was found between the year of studying and the classroom alertness of students (χ2 =3.9102) p<0.05. There was a significant negative correlation between cell phone addiction and classroom alertness of the nursing students, p<0.05. The r-value obtained was 0.80. Thus, the correlation between the two factors is seen as statistically significant. Conclusion In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current work the scientist s saw a negati ve relationship between cell
pho ne addiction and the class room alertness of the students.
Key-words: Addiction, Alertness, Cell phone, Classroom, Phone addiction
Background: Chemical changes occur in the epididymis when the testicular sperm grows. When sperm and seminal fluids mix during ejaculation, a substance called semen is formed. The cervical mucus of a fertilized egg screens out the best possible sperm. For infertility, Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) can be necessary. Test sperm that are DNA efficient, normal, and motile using Swim Up. Sperm could be damaged by reactive oxygen species that are produced during centrifugation. All infertility treatments should take these factors into account. Methods: The in vitro fertilization (ICSI) procedure was administered to fifty male patients who were 35 years old or younger and tested positive for normozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligozoospermia. After obtaining informed consent, a Swim-Up was performed using both the full semen and a washed pellet. With sperm obtained from both methods, six Metaphase-2 stages of oocytes (MII oocytes) were implanted in each patient. A Tri-gas Bench-top incubator was used to put each injected oocyte in its 37°C setting. Results: The study showed that the age differences were insignificant (p=0.722), but significant variations emerged in sperm concentration before processing (p=1.030) and after (p=1.064). Sperm morphology differences were evident before processing (p=0.004) and after (p=0.002). No significant differences were noted in the number of Day 3 cleavage stage embryos. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is no significant difference between the two techniques regarding sperm washing efficiency.
Key-words: Sperm preparation methods, Swim-up, Centrifugation, ICSI, Fertilization, Day 3 Embryo
Background: The third most common musculoskeletal symptom in orthopaedic clinical practice is a sore shoulder, which can cause significant morbidity. It has been reported that 7–27% of the general population has it, and 36–66% of overhead arm athletes have it. Pathophysiology includes functional, degenerative, and mechanical factors. Most shoulder pain is subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS), often known as ‘shoulder impingement syndrome’. Impingement hypothesis: shoulder joint structures mechanically clash. SAPS accounts for 36–48% of shoulder discomfort. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, among Eastern Indian outpatients. The study included adult patients (ages 18–75) of both sexes who presented to MKCG Medical College and Hospital's OPD with shoulder pain from December 2020 to November 2022 and were diagnosed with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (SIS). Thorough histories and clinical exams were done. The Department of Radiology, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, performed conventional shoulder MRIs on the selected participants. Results: Most cases and controls were Type-II (43.3%), followed by Type-I (28.3% and 30%, 29.2% of the total group). The study's least common acromial shape was type-IV, seen in 5% of cases and 10% of controls (7.5% of the sample). Fisher's exact test showed no significant connection between subacromial impingement and acromial shape (p=0.65). With a p-value of 0.045, cases had a significantly greater acromial width (8.12±2.16 mm) than controls (7.51±0.81 mm). Conclusion: Sub-acromial impingement was unrelated to acromion morphology. There was no correlation between acromial morphology and rotator cuff injuries.
Key-words: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome, Acromion Morphology, MRI
Impact of Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Intervention as an Add-on Treatment for Skin Diseases-Acne, Eczema and Psoriasis
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.5.2
Seasonal Incidence and Varietal Response of Gram against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) at Talwandi Sabo, Punjab
http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/SSR-IIJLS.2020.6.4.3
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.