Что можно узнать о себе с помощью генетического тестирования? Sciencehit.by
Предрасположенность к физическим нагрузкам, к спорту высоких достижений? Риски каких заболеваний стоит исследовать? Как и где пройти генетическое тестирование? Когда и кому оно нужно?
Лектор: Моссэ Ирма Борисовна, профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующая лаб. генетики человека Института генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси.
1) The role of allo-HSCT in treating patients with the T315I mutation causing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is still debated.
2) A retrospective analysis of 53 CML patients with the T315I mutation found 5-year overall survival was 42% but was significantly worse for those in blast crisis.
3) 16 patients received allo-HSCT with 5-year survival of 37% while pharmacological therapy alone (TKIs or other drugs) resulted in 42% 5-year survival, showing allo-HSCT may be a potential option for select patients in chronic phase.
Что можно узнать о себе с помощью генетического тестирования? Sciencehit.by
Предрасположенность к физическим нагрузкам, к спорту высоких достижений? Риски каких заболеваний стоит исследовать? Как и где пройти генетическое тестирование? Когда и кому оно нужно?
Лектор: Моссэ Ирма Борисовна, профессор, доктор биологических наук, заведующая лаб. генетики человека Института генетики и цитологии НАН Беларуси.
1) The role of allo-HSCT in treating patients with the T315I mutation causing resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is still debated.
2) A retrospective analysis of 53 CML patients with the T315I mutation found 5-year overall survival was 42% but was significantly worse for those in blast crisis.
3) 16 patients received allo-HSCT with 5-year survival of 37% while pharmacological therapy alone (TKIs or other drugs) resulted in 42% 5-year survival, showing allo-HSCT may be a potential option for select patients in chronic phase.
This document compares proteasome concentrations in plasma and serum of healthy volunteers and multiple myeloma patients. It finds that in healthy volunteers there is no significant difference in proteasome levels between plasma and serum, but in multiple myeloma patients proteasome concentration is significantly higher in plasma than serum. A strong positive correlation is also seen between proteasome levels in plasma and serum of multiple myeloma patients. The conclusion is that plasma is a better biological material than serum for measuring proteasome concentration in multiple myeloma patients.
This study evaluated the quality of life, efficacy, and safety of dasatinib treatment in 37 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CP CML) in a real-world setting. The results showed a high rate of hematological and cytogenetic responses. Adverse events were mostly mild. Quality of life was initially lower in CML patients versus controls but stabilized or improved over 12 months of dasatinib treatment. The front-line use of dasatinib in this real-world study demonstrated benefits for patients' outcomes and quality of life.
Monoclonal gammopathies can cause a variety of renal lesions beyond just cast nephropathy and amyloidosis. A study of renal biopsies from a tertiary care center in India over 3 years found 123 cases of monoclonal gammopathy, representing 2.33% of all renal biopsies. The most common lesions were cast nephropathy, amyloidosis, and monoclonal immunoglobulin/light chain deposition disease. Using immunofluorescence to detect kappa and lambda light chains helped identify monoclonal gammopathies presenting atypically or in unusual morphological patterns. Early diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance is important to initiate therapy and prevent future complications.
This document describes a case of a 72-year-old man who presented with breathlessness, cough, and recently developed easy fatigability and drooping of the left eye. Imaging showed a mediastinal mass. He was diagnosed with thymoma and myasthenia gravis. He underwent surgery to remove the mass. Histopathological examination found it to be a thymic marginal zone lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry supported this diagnosis. The surgery achieved a complete excision and the patient's myasthenia gravis symptoms improved with medication. He has been followed up for 3 months since with no recurrence.
This study aimed to determine if the concentration of 20S proteasome could serve as a novel marker for monitoring treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. The study measured proteasome concentrations in 32 multiple myeloma patients before and after 6 cycles of CTD therapy and in 15 healthy controls. Proteasome concentrations were higher in patients before treatment compared to controls. Responding patients had lower proteasome levels after treatment than non-responders. The study concluded that proteasome concentration increases in multiple myeloma patients and correlates with treatment effectiveness, suggesting it may serve as a marker for monitoring multiple myeloma treatment.
1) A patient with double-hit high grade B-cell lymphoma was successfully treated with R-DA-EPOCH chemotherapy combined with metformin.
2) The treatment resulted in a PET-negative residual mass that was further reduced in size with maintenance therapy of metformin and lenalidomide.
3) This case demonstrates the potential for R-DA-EPOCH combined with metformin to achieve complete clinical remission in double-hit lymphoma, though larger studies are still needed.
1. The study aimed to discover predictive genetic markers for relapse in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment.
2. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 6 CML patients who achieved deep molecular response with TKI treatment for at least 3 years and then experienced relapse or remained in remission after stopping TKI.
3. The study identified 4 single nucleotide variants associated with relapse and validated these variants in a cohort of 27 additional CML patients who stopped TKI treatment, finding that patients with 3 or 4 of the risk variants had higher relapse rates than those with fewer variants.
"Митохондриальная недостаточность и дезорганизация внутриклеточного метаболиз...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
Наследственность и патологи. хромосомные болезниСлава Коломак
Наследственные болезни —
это патологические состояния, в основе которых изменение наследственного материала (т.е. мутация).
В развитии таких заболеваний главную роль играют нарушения в структуре гена или хромосомы.
This document discusses the molecular genetics and cytogenetics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and how characterization has improved over time. Key points include:
- Identification of genetic subgroups like Ph+ ALL has allowed for biologically-based prognostic stratification and targeted therapies.
- The GIMEMA network in Italy has characterized over 5,000 ALL cases since the 1980s using techniques like cytogenetics, FISH, and molecular genetics to define subgroups.
- Specific mutations like BCR-ABL, IKZF1 deletions, and CRLF2 deregulation are associated with poorer outcomes in certain ALL subgroups.
Oliva esther aml eurasian st. petersburg 2016EAFO2014
This document summarizes treatment strategies and quality of life considerations for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It finds that while intensive chemotherapy can achieve complete remissions and improve quality of life, outcomes are poorer with age. Options for older patients include low-dose chemotherapy, hypomethylating agents like azacitidine and decitabine, and allogeneic stem cell transplant with reduced-intensity conditioning. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring post-remission azacitidine to maintain remission and quality of life achieved with initial intensive chemotherapy. Preliminary results show improved leukemia-free survival with azacitidine compared to best supportive care alone.
Oliva esther qol symposium eurasian st. petersburg 2016EAFO2014
Patients with hematological malignancies experience quality of life issues related to their disease and treatment. Common problems include fatigue, pain, and disruptions to daily activities and social relationships. Conditions like multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, and chronic myeloid leukemia are associated with fatigue, while neutropenia from treatments can cause weakness and infections. Transfusions for anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes negatively impact quality of life. Younger patients with chronic myeloid leukemia have greater impairments. Assessments of quality of life and symptoms provide important information for evaluating patients' disease status and response to treatment over time in clinical practice.
This document discusses modern treatment strategies for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). It summarizes that DLBCL is molecularly distinct diseases with different biological characteristics and outcomes. Targeted therapies like ibrutinib and lenalidomide show promise for the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL. Monitoring circulating tumor DNA is presented as a very promising tool for early detection of treatment failure or recurrence, which can allow for pre-emptive treatment changes or early intervention.
Sam Salek eurasian conference 040316 st petersburgEAFO2014
The document discusses the importance of using patient-reported outcome information to aid treatment decision-making for patients with hematological malignancies. It summarizes discussions and meetings from the European Hematology Association's Scientific Working Group on Quality of Life and Symptoms over several years on developing guidelines and tools to measure important issues for patients, including fatigue, physical appearance changes, cognitive impacts, emotional impacts, and long-term effects. The goal is to develop a new tool that can be used at any stage of the disease to incorporate the patient perspective into treatment decisions.
Fedorenko_Denis_A.novik memorial lecture iv hematology forum_2016_st.pEAFO2014
AHSCT is a promising therapy for MS that can provide both clinical and patient-reported benefits. AHSCT using a BEAM-like conditioning regimen followed by mitoxantrone consolidation therapy resulted in 100% MRI response at 6 months, 55-68% improvement on EDSS scores, and improved quality of life outcomes based on SF-36 scores. The addition of mitoxantrone consolidation therapy after AHSCT may further improve event-free survival rates compared to AHSCT alone. Long-term follow up of patients undergoing AHSCT continues to show stabilization or improvement in neurological function for the majority of patients.
Fedorenko_Denis iv hematology forum_2016_st.pEAFO2014
This study examined quality of life (QoL) in 124 Hodgkin's lymphoma patients before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) and analyzed its prognostic value. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire and compared to a control population. Patients had worse QoL than controls, especially in physical, role physical, emotional, and social functioning. While no differences in QoL were found between clinical response groups, overall survival at 19 months was lower in patients with severe/critical QoL impairment before AHSCT (66.7%) compared to those with no/mild impairment (78%). The results suggest QoL may be a prognostic factor for Hodgkin's
This document summarizes molecular genetics guiding treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Over 100 genetic lesions have been identified in AML. New molecular markers do not currently impact clinical practice due to heterogeneity, study design limitations, and lack of predictive value. Genomic profiling of over 1,500 AML patients identified 11 non-overlapping molecular classes and over 5,000 driver mutations involving 77 loci. Certain mutations like FLT3, KIT, IDH1/2 inform targeted therapy approaches in clinical trials. Phase III trials are investigating chemotherapy with or without targeted agents like midostaurin, dasatinib and quizartinib in genetically defined AML patient subgroups.
This document discusses bridging the gap between laboratory diagnostics and patient care. It provides several case studies where the hematologist was able to identify additional information or the correct diagnosis by reviewing blood test results in the context of the patient's clinical presentation. This allowed conditions to be correctly identified and managed, avoiding missed diagnoses. The document emphasizes the importance of bi-directional communication between laboratory specialists and clinicians to ensure test results are fully validated and applied to improve patient outcomes.
1. Механизмы развития лимфомы
Ходжкина
Е.Н. Имянитов
НИИ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова
С.-Петербургский государственный педиатрический
медицинский университет
Северо-Западный государственный медицинский
университет им. И.И. Мечникова
С.-Петербургский государственный университет
С.-Петербург
2. Thomas Hodgkin
(1778-1866)
1832 г.: предположил, что поражение лимфатических узлов может
быть самостоятельным заболеванием, а не реакцией на
патологический процесс (рак, туберкулёз, воспаление и т.д.)
3. История
• 1865 г.: термин болезнь
Ходжкина (Samuel Wilks)
• 1898 г.: Карл Штернберг (Carl
Sternberg) – описание клеток
• 1902 г.: Дороти Рид (Dorothy
Reed) – отличия болезни
Ходжкина от туберкулёза
4. Эпидемиология
• 2-4 случая на 100 000 человек в год
• 30% от всех лимфом
• 0.5% от всех онкологических заболеваний
• 1/6 онкологических заболеваний для возраста 15-
24 лет
• Заболеваемость не увеличивается!
• 2 возрастных пика: 15-35 и 50-60 лет
• Мужчины болеют чаще женщин
• Максимальная частота в благополучных странах
(США, Италия)
• В развивающихся странах чаще лимфома у детей
(5-9 лет)
7. Факторы риска
• Вирус Эпштейна-Барр (Epstein-Barr virus,
EBV) – 40% случаев заболевания, роль в
патогенезе
• Иммунодефициты (СПИД, врождённые
пороки, реципиенты органов и тканей)
• Случаи семейной агрегации; увеличенная
конкордантность у близнецов
8. Клетки Хождкина и Рид-
Штернберга
• 0.5-3% инфильтрата
• В-лимфоцитарное происхождение (перестройка
иммуноглобулинов)
• В редких случаях – Т-лимфоцитарное
происхождение
• Клональность !!! (1994 г.)
• Композитные лимфомы
• Изменение в терминологии: лимфома Ходжкина
(ранее: болезнь Ходжкина)
9. Клетки Хождкина и Рид-
Штернберга
• Трудно изучать (0.5-3% от опухолевой массы)
• Доступны только культуры клеток (нет тканевого
контекста)
• Перестройка В-рецептора (Т-рецептора) есть, но
функция утрачена (либо отсутствует экспрессия,
либо инактивирующая мутация)
10. Клетки Хождкина и Рид-
Штернберга
• В норме В-лимфоциты (Т-лимфоциты) с
нефункциональным В-рецептором (Т-
рецептором) элиминируются посредством
апоптоза
• Апоптоз – суицид (самоустранение) аномальных
клеток в целях поддержания нормального
функционирования организма
• В клетках Ходжкина и Рид-Штернберга подавлена
программа апоптоза
11. Подавление апоптоза в клетках Хождкина и
Рид-Штернберга
• Белок вируса Эпштейна-Барр: LMP2a, имитирует
сигналы В-клеточного рецептора (маскирует
утрату В-рецептора)
• Корреляция между EBV-инфекцией и мутациями
в В-клеточном рецепторе
• Другие механизмы нарушения апоптоза
14. Молекулярные механизмы лимфомы
Ходжкина
• < 1% клеток инфильтрата опухолевые
• Низкая мотивация: умеренная встречаемость,
хороший прогноз, меньше необходимость в
разработке таргетных средств
17. Next generation sequencing (NGS)
• Многократные «прочтения» случайных фрагментов
ДНК, затем сборка посредством
биоинформатического анализа
• Возможно «прочтение» индивидуального генома в
течение нескольких дней
• Через 3-5 лет станет рутинным методом
обследования новорожденных (скрининг
наследственных заболеваний)
• Наиболее значимое событие в биомедицине после
изобретения ПЦР в 1984 г.?
• Очень сложная методика, пока нельзя применять в
рутинной клинической практике