The document discusses the institutional support system developed in Istrian County, Croatia as a factor for regional development management. It describes how Istrian County established several development institutions like the Istrian Development Agency and Istrian Tourism Development Agency to support entrepreneurship and regional development. These institutions were created in response to insufficient national policies and a lack of coordinated regional planning. The system developed by Istrian County aims to foster sustainable development through knowledge sharing and collaboration between local government and other stakeholders.
Budget Allocation System of Regional Government Authority (Case Study at Sela...iosrjce
One important aspect of governance and development is a financial management system as a
realization of the budget policy, which providing the spirit of efficiency and effectiveness of budget,
transparency and public accountability, sense of justice, as well as the achievement optimally. However, the
budget allocation has not demonstrated a healthy balance between the central and local government budget, so
it causing vertical gap that greatly affect to the performance of the overall development. Along with regional
autonomy, the spirit of decentralization, democratization, transparency and accountability that characterizes
governance implementation process, particularly in the process of management policy of regional budget
allocation, should be a common concern in the management of the budget allocation in Selayar Regency by
considering the principle of fairness toward the priority programs and the fulfillment of a wider public
participation
Report on the Economic Value of the Non-Profit Sector in the Western Balkans ...Catalyst Balkans
BCSDN's report on Economic Value of the Non-Profit Sector in the Countries of the Western Balkans & Turkey is the first study ever that gives an overview of the current situation with the non–profit sector-related data collection, analysis and presentation in Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey.
This paper therefore appeared to illustrate in general three major pillars: economic socio-cultural
and ‘environmental’. These three components, although analyzed separately, are certainly linked. Indeed, the
organization and the economic structure of the region affected by tourism development lead to social
transformations wich themselves influence future tourism development and modify the characteristics of the
different economic variables of the Chaouen-Ouazzane
World NGO Day 2014-Pakistan (Event Report)ZAFAR IQBAL
Goodwill ambassador for the initiative World NGO Day in Pakistan Mr. Zafar Iqbal who is also founder of The NGO World took this opportunity and celebrated the event for the first time ever in Pakistan on 27th February 2014 on platform of The NGO World with theme “Networking and sharing for Greater Good”.
The final report about the event is being presented.
Budget Allocation System of Regional Government Authority (Case Study at Sela...iosrjce
One important aspect of governance and development is a financial management system as a
realization of the budget policy, which providing the spirit of efficiency and effectiveness of budget,
transparency and public accountability, sense of justice, as well as the achievement optimally. However, the
budget allocation has not demonstrated a healthy balance between the central and local government budget, so
it causing vertical gap that greatly affect to the performance of the overall development. Along with regional
autonomy, the spirit of decentralization, democratization, transparency and accountability that characterizes
governance implementation process, particularly in the process of management policy of regional budget
allocation, should be a common concern in the management of the budget allocation in Selayar Regency by
considering the principle of fairness toward the priority programs and the fulfillment of a wider public
participation
Report on the Economic Value of the Non-Profit Sector in the Western Balkans ...Catalyst Balkans
BCSDN's report on Economic Value of the Non-Profit Sector in the Countries of the Western Balkans & Turkey is the first study ever that gives an overview of the current situation with the non–profit sector-related data collection, analysis and presentation in Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey.
This paper therefore appeared to illustrate in general three major pillars: economic socio-cultural
and ‘environmental’. These three components, although analyzed separately, are certainly linked. Indeed, the
organization and the economic structure of the region affected by tourism development lead to social
transformations wich themselves influence future tourism development and modify the characteristics of the
different economic variables of the Chaouen-Ouazzane
World NGO Day 2014-Pakistan (Event Report)ZAFAR IQBAL
Goodwill ambassador for the initiative World NGO Day in Pakistan Mr. Zafar Iqbal who is also founder of The NGO World took this opportunity and celebrated the event for the first time ever in Pakistan on 27th February 2014 on platform of The NGO World with theme “Networking and sharing for Greater Good”.
The final report about the event is being presented.
Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined local government reforms as instrument for national development in Nigeria using qualitative data that rely on content analysis of extant literature that supports the aim of establishing and reforming the local government as the third tier of government to act as a veritable instrument for national development in Nigeria. However, available empirical literature has argued that despite the important role of local government as the third tier of government and an instrument of development, there is a glaring evidence of serious inadequacies. They posits that the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterized by unbridled interference of the State Government which is quite dismal largely due to poor management of resources, lack of autonomy, inadequate local leadership among others. Thus, to realize fully the intended development using Local governments as instrument, Local governments should be democratized and adequate measures provided to check the siphoning tendencies of its managements. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30331.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30331/local-government-reforms-as-instrument-for-national-development-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
International relations refer to the associations created between nations. For the past several years, there has been an increase in the global economic integration. The role played by sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations together with multinationals in the formation of international relations has greatly enhanced my thinking on teamwork. The reason for this is because international relations analyze the foreign policies of particular countries to review the impact on global economic politics.
This article was originally posted at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/international-relations/
With the aim of ensuring internal consistency and adopting a political and not only an academic dimension, the journal intends to privilege discussions whose main focus is centered and aims to strengthen the work of International Relations and Economic development concern activists through the promotion of a high-quality debate on related issues, Its objective is to develop empirical research oriented mindset among young research.
V4. issues brief inter-state migrant workers and access to entitlementsdanish anwar
In the last two decades, the Indian economy has been transformed by declining employment in the
agricultural sector and growth strategies that facilitate global labour extraction concentrated in urban
industrial hubs. Internal migration has increased manifold. In 2008, India’s National Sample Survey
Organisation (NSSO) estimated that nearly 30 percent of India’s total population is comprised of internal
migrants. Facing multiple, intersecting forms of violence and discrimination, including on the basis of class,
gender and social identity, migrant workers are remarkable in their ability to adapt, survive and organize.
In February 2018 for Cultural Policy Observatory Ireland, Jerry Liu, Professor (Associate) in Graduate School of Arts Management and Cultural Policy, National Taiwan University of Arts introduced discourses and practices of contemporary cultural economy in Taiwan, and its historic roots. How does the Ministry of Culture play a role in the policy of creative & cultural industries and international trade of cultural goods and services? And what is the logic underlying its decision-making? We are also testing potentials and limits of such an East Asian Approach on state cultural economy.
Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals is not possible without active participation of civil society of Pakistan. Let’s join hands to protect future of NGOs and INGOs in Pakistan.
Faces Pakistan – Top rated NGO of Pakistan working for Disaster Management, Health, Education/Literacy, Interfaith Harmony, Peace Building, Afghan Refugees & more.
The Regional Development Updates (RDU) is the regular quarterly publication of RDC XII and NEDA XII containing development updates, news, reports and other relevant information on various activities of the Council, Local Government Units, Regional Line Agencies, State Universities and Colleges and Private Sector in the region.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Role of charity and govt towards NGOs in pakistanShahzaib Khan
Pakistan is a country with a rapidly growing population, most of which lives below the poverty line. Neglect of the lower cadres of population by consecutive governments in Pakistan gave rise to the need of alternate. Organizations addressing the core issues of illiteracy, health problems and many others faced by the 'have nots'.
These bodies and Organizations filling the human development needs gap are commonly known as NGOs - Non- governmental Organizations OR more recently as NPOs- Non-Profit organisations.
Although the number of registered NGOs in Pakistan runs in thousands, those that are actually making worthwile contributions are few hundreds. In this website, we have made an effort to compile a list of the most prominent NGOs in Pakistan
From 27th to 28th of April 2013, the China Institute for Reform and Development (CIRD) and the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) of Viet Nam in cooperation with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH convened an Economic Policy Dialogue among Asian Transition Countries on “Urbanisation Development and Inclusive Growth” in Haikou, People's Republic of China. This document summarise the themes and results of this event. Detailed information including the content of lectures and discussions can be retrieved from the respective summaries.
Competing World-Visions? China’s and the EU’s Africa-PoliciesGlobusHamburg
As European politicians realized that China’s successful Africa-strategy potentially undermines their traditional influence in Africa, they started to question their normative policy-approach. While Europe conducts a policy that is based on ethical and normative considerations, such as good governance, democracy, human rights and the promotion of sustainable economic development, China promotes a no-strings-attached, business-like approach. In contrast to the EU, China presents itself rather as an investor who wants to do business rather than donor who wants to provide aid.
This paper will shed light on the differences between China’s and the EU’s Africa policies. It argues that China’s engagement has contributed to the fact that Africa has again become a priority of the European political agenda.
Strategic Area Development And Local Economic Development: A Study In Dharmas...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeriaijtsrd
The study examined local government reforms as instrument for national development in Nigeria using qualitative data that rely on content analysis of extant literature that supports the aim of establishing and reforming the local government as the third tier of government to act as a veritable instrument for national development in Nigeria. However, available empirical literature has argued that despite the important role of local government as the third tier of government and an instrument of development, there is a glaring evidence of serious inadequacies. They posits that the current state of Local Government in Nigeria is characterized by unbridled interference of the State Government which is quite dismal largely due to poor management of resources, lack of autonomy, inadequate local leadership among others. Thus, to realize fully the intended development using Local governments as instrument, Local governments should be democratized and adequate measures provided to check the siphoning tendencies of its managements. Ezeozue, Chidozie "Local Government Reforms as Instrument for National Development in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30331.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/30331/local-government-reforms-as-instrument-for-national-development-in-nigeria/ezeozue-chidozie
International relations refer to the associations created between nations. For the past several years, there has been an increase in the global economic integration. The role played by sovereign states, intergovernmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations together with multinationals in the formation of international relations has greatly enhanced my thinking on teamwork. The reason for this is because international relations analyze the foreign policies of particular countries to review the impact on global economic politics.
This article was originally posted at: http://www.customwritingservice.org/blog/international-relations/
With the aim of ensuring internal consistency and adopting a political and not only an academic dimension, the journal intends to privilege discussions whose main focus is centered and aims to strengthen the work of International Relations and Economic development concern activists through the promotion of a high-quality debate on related issues, Its objective is to develop empirical research oriented mindset among young research.
V4. issues brief inter-state migrant workers and access to entitlementsdanish anwar
In the last two decades, the Indian economy has been transformed by declining employment in the
agricultural sector and growth strategies that facilitate global labour extraction concentrated in urban
industrial hubs. Internal migration has increased manifold. In 2008, India’s National Sample Survey
Organisation (NSSO) estimated that nearly 30 percent of India’s total population is comprised of internal
migrants. Facing multiple, intersecting forms of violence and discrimination, including on the basis of class,
gender and social identity, migrant workers are remarkable in their ability to adapt, survive and organize.
In February 2018 for Cultural Policy Observatory Ireland, Jerry Liu, Professor (Associate) in Graduate School of Arts Management and Cultural Policy, National Taiwan University of Arts introduced discourses and practices of contemporary cultural economy in Taiwan, and its historic roots. How does the Ministry of Culture play a role in the policy of creative & cultural industries and international trade of cultural goods and services? And what is the logic underlying its decision-making? We are also testing potentials and limits of such an East Asian Approach on state cultural economy.
Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals is not possible without active participation of civil society of Pakistan. Let’s join hands to protect future of NGOs and INGOs in Pakistan.
Faces Pakistan – Top rated NGO of Pakistan working for Disaster Management, Health, Education/Literacy, Interfaith Harmony, Peace Building, Afghan Refugees & more.
The Regional Development Updates (RDU) is the regular quarterly publication of RDC XII and NEDA XII containing development updates, news, reports and other relevant information on various activities of the Council, Local Government Units, Regional Line Agencies, State Universities and Colleges and Private Sector in the region.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Role of charity and govt towards NGOs in pakistanShahzaib Khan
Pakistan is a country with a rapidly growing population, most of which lives below the poverty line. Neglect of the lower cadres of population by consecutive governments in Pakistan gave rise to the need of alternate. Organizations addressing the core issues of illiteracy, health problems and many others faced by the 'have nots'.
These bodies and Organizations filling the human development needs gap are commonly known as NGOs - Non- governmental Organizations OR more recently as NPOs- Non-Profit organisations.
Although the number of registered NGOs in Pakistan runs in thousands, those that are actually making worthwile contributions are few hundreds. In this website, we have made an effort to compile a list of the most prominent NGOs in Pakistan
From 27th to 28th of April 2013, the China Institute for Reform and Development (CIRD) and the Central Institute for Economic Management (CIEM) of Viet Nam in cooperation with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH convened an Economic Policy Dialogue among Asian Transition Countries on “Urbanisation Development and Inclusive Growth” in Haikou, People's Republic of China. This document summarise the themes and results of this event. Detailed information including the content of lectures and discussions can be retrieved from the respective summaries.
Competing World-Visions? China’s and the EU’s Africa-PoliciesGlobusHamburg
As European politicians realized that China’s successful Africa-strategy potentially undermines their traditional influence in Africa, they started to question their normative policy-approach. While Europe conducts a policy that is based on ethical and normative considerations, such as good governance, democracy, human rights and the promotion of sustainable economic development, China promotes a no-strings-attached, business-like approach. In contrast to the EU, China presents itself rather as an investor who wants to do business rather than donor who wants to provide aid.
This paper will shed light on the differences between China’s and the EU’s Africa policies. It argues that China’s engagement has contributed to the fact that Africa has again become a priority of the European political agenda.
Strategic Area Development And Local Economic Development: A Study In Dharmas...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) discourages theoretical articles that are limited to axiomatics or that discuss minor variations of familiar models. Similarly, IOSR-JEF has little interest in empirical papers that do not explain the model's theoretical foundations or that exhausts themselves in applying a new or established technique (such as cointegration) to another data set without providing very good reasons why this research is important.
The Area Units for Employment, Local and Technological Development: A Model f...Territorial Intelligence
Huelva 2007, International Conference of Territorial Intelligence organised in the framework of CAENTI. WORKSHOP 3: Sustainable Territorial Development Studies
Public Expenditure on Education; A Measure for Promoting Economic DevelopmentIOSR Journals
The rational utilization and allocation of public expenditure would result into an economic development of the country. It has been observed that allocation and utilization of expenditure in Pakistan have been very little towards development. The allocation of current expenditure such as debt servicing and defense has increased by a greater percentage every year as compared to education. Money borrowed by the economy over the years, if had been put to the development of projects, the economy would have seen much higher development and growth. The objective of the research lies in evaluating the public expenditure and its role in economic development by considering education as an indicator to social development in Pakistan.
is a non-government think tank, founded by a group of independent experts to analyze and improve the public policy in the field of socio-economic development. We analyze and improve the state policy using full cycle approach — from the creation of an idea, concept development to the introduction of specific solutions.
MISSION To develop the innovative society in Ukraine supporting the EU/NATO integration process to meet the Sustainable Development Goals
is a non-government think tank, founded by a group of independent experts to analyze and improve the public policy in the field of socio-economic development. We analyze and improve the state policy using full cycle approach — from the creation of an idea, concept development to the introduction of specific solutions.
MISSION To develop the innovative society in Ukraine supporting the EU/NATO integration process to meet the Sustainable Development Goals
An Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Selected Asian Countriesijtsrd
The positive relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development through employment generation and poverty reduction has been well established in academic research. This is the rationale why governments across different countries try to comprehend the dynamics of entrepreneurship. There is growing interest in decoding the context in which entrepreneurship thrives. Research on œEntrepreneurial Ecosystem has gained momentum since it provides the necessary framework in which entrepreneurship develops. The objective of this study is to analyze the various components of entrepreneurial ecosystem and Total early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in selected Asian countries. The research is based on secondary data related to entrepreneurial ecosystem and total early stage entrepreneurial activity, provided by Global entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The findings of the research indicate that there is need to improve the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Asian countries. Asian countries exhibit insufficient provisions of access to finance for entrepreneurs. Government policies and programs, taxes and bureaucratic regime are also insufficient for nurturing entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurship education and training both at basic school level and post school level are not sufficient for creating a conducive environment for entrepreneurs. Markets, infrastructural provisions and social and cultural norms are also not found to be sufficient for entrepreneurship to thrive in Asian context. Total early stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) is also quite low for Asian countries. The findings of the study can be of instrumental value for academicians and policy makers interested in entrepreneurship development in Asia. Neha Tiwari"An Empirical Analysis of Entrepreneurial Ecosystem in Selected Asian Countries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9436.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-environment/9436/an-empirical-analysis-of-entrepreneurial-ecosystem-in-selected-asian-countries/neha-tiwari
PLATFORM FOR ACTIVITIES OF FORUM MIS AND ROLE OF NGO SECTORForum TIS MIS
Mission of Forum is to promote importance of regional cooperation and and joint market entry in order to strengthen the position, business influence and overall increase of the competitiveness of business entities in the region.
Studies of Danish NGOs promoting income generation and pro-poor growth highlight that there is a widespread uncertainty about the role of NGOs in private sector development and to which extent the civil society strategy can allow NGOs to engage with market actors in their efforts to alleviate poverty (CISU 2012; NGO Forum 2012). Also there is a sense that the private sector is the opponent to development rather than a necessary source of income to the poor themselves. This paper seeks to clarify the role of the Danish civil society in the area of income generation and pro-poor growth based on existing policies and studies and particularly on the overall approach of value chain development (VCD) and making Markets work for the Poor (M4P).
The paper starts out by examining the civil society strategy of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs which forms the basis for public NGO financing in Denmark. The assessment of the Danish policy environment includes extensive reference to a paper on the role of civil society in pro-poor growth initiatives prepared by CISU, an umbrella and fund for smaller Danish NGOs. Secondly, a couple of studies on the experiences of Danish NGOs working with the private sector are presented. Starting from a short reference to the role of NGOs in the area of microfinance, the paper then presents the role of the NGO in the development of pro-poor value chains including the planning and analysis process. Interventions are further specified in terms of a number of areas in which NGOs can work with lead firms and small producers and how to organize farmers in value chains. The paper also touches a number of ways that NGOs can ensure that working with the private sector indeed benefits the very poor.
Finally, I would like to stress that this short paper is only a presentation of relevant policies and practices in the area of value chain development as seen from the perspective of the civil society in Denmark. It hopes to provide an overview but is not an analysis or a review as such.
An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship: Three level analysis for developing E...Dr.Nasir Ahmad
The study was intended to recommend guidelines for developing entrepreneurship
policy in Pakistan. For this purpose An Eclectic Theory of Entrepreneurship was used as
theoretical frame work to analyze empirical research studies and available reports at
three different levels. At micro level, low literacy rate was found to be foremost
requirement for developing entrepreneurship. Lack of knowledge based economic
system was found to be the center of problem at meso level. At macro level, core of the
problem is that policy makers need to understand the spirit of entrepreneurship to plan
economic policy accordingly. It was recommended that efforts may be made to: raise
education level and entrepreneurial orientation of the people; reshaping to knowledge
based economic system; and entrepreneurship may be designated as major pillar of
economic policy
The paper starts out by examining the civil society strategy of the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs which forms the basis for public NGO financing in Denmark. The assessment of the Danish policy environment includes extensive reference to a paper on the role of civil society in pro-poor growth initiatives prepared by CISU, an umbrella and fund for smaller Danish NGOs. Secondly, a couple of studies on the experiences of Danish NGOs working with the private sector are presented. Starting from a short reference to the role of NGOs and private sector in the area of microfinance, the paper then presents the role of the NGO in the development of pro-poor value chains including the planning and analysis process. Interventions are further specified in terms of a number of areas in which NGOs can support lead firms and small producers followed by a presentation of a number of ways that NGOs can ensure that working with the private sector indeed benefits the very poor. (Taken from the paper)
How policy-makers can support the startup ecosystem in Western BalkansArmin Konjalic
This document represents a collaborative effort of practitioners of the startup
ecosystem in economies of Western Balkans (W6) in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. The aim of the document is to
summarize the most urgent needs for action to policy-makers in the region.
The resulting policy recommendations are based on the aggregation of inputs and
comments from more than 20 interviews with regional startup founders at different
stages of development, local and international investors with strong knowledge of the
region’s specifics, managers of local innovation and technology hubs, representatives of
incubators, accelerators, lawyers, and accountants specialized in work with startups,
innovation and intellectual property.
These policy recommendations were elaborated in a panel discussion at Western
Balkans Digital Summit Belgrade in April 2019. Representatives of Digital Initiative
Serbia, Innovation Center Kosovo, South Central Ventures, Spark Mostar, and Startup
Europe exchanged thoughts and ideas about the most important action points for
enhancing startup entrepreneurship in the region.
This document follows the structure of the six interconnected and interdependent
pillars of startup ecosystems: policy, finance, market, business support, human capital,
and culture. The focus of the document is on policy as the fundamental pillar, and its
interaction and influence on other elements of the ecosystem.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ISTRIAN COUNTY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL ... 557
vestments, upgrading tourism and rural development. In one word, regions which
apply institutional business support system will become more competitive than the
regions which don’t apply it. Accordingly, this article presents systematic approach
as a basis for further research activities and confirming the results in practice.
JEL clasiffication: R11, R58,
Key words: regional management, regional economic development, institution-
al support
1. INTRODUCTION
The activities and roles implemented by the institutions whether on local, re-
gional, national or European level are necessary and important because they cre-
ate an institutional system which generates and accelerates development, thereby
constantly increasing the living standard of the entire population. Creating de-
velopment conditions asks for well-adjusted national policy covering actions on
different fields from science and education, the elimination of administrative bar-
riers and over-regulation to strengthening entrepreneurship support institutions
and business infrastructure as well as regional development. Good leadership has
to recognize changes in both the internal and external surrounding and implement
the knowledge in regional economic planning, creating its own support institutions
and generate conditions to ensure the execution of the development strategy and
enhancing the management of the region. In spite of mentioned insufficiencies and
the current low decentralisation level in Croatia, the Istrian County stands out and
succeeded in founding a system of institutions to support entrepreneurship and
development as described in this contribution.
2. NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMY
The neoclasical approach to economy sees the state and its policy as an exog-
enous factor that has no influence on the allocation of resources that are guided by
the “invisible hand” of the market. The evolutionary-institutional approach holds
that economic efficiency is also a reflection of the “invisible hand” here being the
institutional and socio-cultural environment. The influence of state and policy is
inevitable because of its role in creating the institutional framework that enables
and/or accelerates development.
3. Boris Sabatti558
Institutions are generally defined as “rules of the game” or “deliberately designed
limits that form the interaction of people” (North, 1992.; OECD, 2001.). It is
important to distinguish between the formal institutions that include formal rules
(statutes, laws, directives) and organizations (political parties, development agen-
cies, unions, schools, etc.) and informal institutions, which include rules of be-
haviour - customs, collective habits, values etc. Informal institutions, especially
trust, reciprocity and limited solidarity, constitute the basic socio-cultural capital,
which is the catalyst, “glue” of institutional changes as the essential basis of socio-
economic progress. Today it is quite clear that “social and cultural factors have the
same importance to economic growth as do the traditionally leading but narrower
technological and economical growth factors” (Freeman, 2002.). In this context,
the role of the state, the political elite and management in general, plays an impor-
tant part in economic development and growth.1
In contrast to the neoclassical approach, the evolutionary-institutional econom-
ics has offered practical solutions of organization and management of scientific and
research resources aimed at economic growth. These solutions are based on the abil-
ity to manage the institutional environment that fosters creation and diffusion of
knowledge and innovation. The institutional environment, i.e. the establishment,
organization, interaction and co-evolution of institutions, has a decisive influence
on the speed and efficiency of the transformation of knowledge into innovation.
This makes them essential for economic growth.2
3. THE MANAGEMENT MODEL OF THE ISTRIAN COUNTY
Guided by the basic desire and intention to lead Istria into the 21th centu-
ry with the best possible preconditions for development and to ensure growing
prosperity, the management of the Istrian County decided at the beginning of the
90-ies to start a system that will know and be able to create, support and if needed,
direct development. The system will be based, primarily on knowledge, then the
cooperation and collaboration of local administration and government, and as such
will provide organizational and financial support to development projects with the
possibility to, at any time, identify new directions of development.
1
Source: Social Research Journal for General Social Issues issue: 3 / 2006, page: 322
2
Source: Social Research Journal for General Social Issues issue: 3 / 2006, page: 323
4. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ISTRIAN COUNTY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL ... 559
Years of economic stagnation as a result of the change of economic systems, cen-
tralized state controlled economic policy and neglect for regional and technological
development led to a situation in Istria, characterized by low production level of
new products, whilst existing products met no demand on the current market. Tak-
ing into account the above-mentioned facts, the management of the Istrian County
decided that the time was right to take concrete actions towards starting a devel-
opment cycle. With scarce funding possibilities of the local administration, the
County of Istria managed to implement a row of projects such as the 180 million
kuna worth crediting program for entrepreneurs. Through the newly established
agricultural and rural tourism fund, another 6 million kuna has been allocated for
seedlings and the revitalization of inland Istria. Therewith inland Istria was includ-
ed in Istrian tourism offer. The structure of the Government was no longer able to
keep up with the pace Istria was setting with already implemented and planed proj-
ects. By the end of 1998, county vice president Drandić with his team concluded
that a flexible system in synergy with local government and authorities, can achieve
much greater effects in the realization of development programs. In addition to the
execution of projects, modelled on similar European systems, the new system pre-
dicted the possibility of inclusion and connection with European institutions that
stimulate employment programs, provide social assistance, etc., thus creating the
kind of infrastructure that would prepare Istria for EU programs.
The goal was to create a system that will affect society as a whole, on the eco-
nomic as well as on the social plan, models for the functioning of the private and
public sectors were also sought for. These specific actions will be known as the IQ
policy, which besides promoting Istrian products and services of high quality it also
promotes the creation of business favourable climate. The basis of this development
lies in sustainable development that protects human, natural and manufactured
capital to secure sufficient capital for future generations to be able to exceed pros-
perity of current generations. The concept of sustainable development thus implies
that the prosperity of future generations is based on current prosperity. Support
institutions to be founded will be aimed to aid in the launching of sustainable
development. This was a unique development system, called “Istria 21”, with mu-
tually linked and coordinated programs, with a structure compatible with similar
existing systems within the European Union. The system was based on functions
that are being implemented on contract and status (corporate) basis, which are har-
monized with each other and act together in synergy. It was a global system, which
includes the public and private sector and assessments of the overall development
5. Boris Sabatti560
of the society, based on sustainable development, which was intended to create a
vision of development and to determine the development direction. Structured in
such a way, the development system had the task, in addition to providing support
in certain segments, to take an active role in development where needed.
I am pointing out that this was not supposed to be a parallel system, but a sys-
tem functioning adaptively to the work of local administration and government
and institutions in Istria participating in economic activity. Moreover, due to scarce
funds, qualitative organization and communication, it was supposed to contribute
to the optimal use of all available resources with the main task - to continually raise
the welfare of citizens of Istria.
4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ISTRIAN COUNTY THROUGH SUPPORT
INSTITUTIONS
In Croatia, the regional differences in development continue to increase, due to
the impact of various factors. With the delayed decentralization process, which is
very closely linked to regional policy and the implementation of the principle of
subsidiarity, the level of decentralization in Croatia is currently expressed through
the figure of 6-9% of non-purpose funds of the budget given to the Counties. At
this stage counties should be decentralized to the level of 20-25% up to the fi-
nal 50-70%. Currently only sectors of healthcare and education are decentralized.
Also, in Croatia there is still no clear, complete, and legally defined institutional
framework (in terms of institutions) for the implementation of regional policy.
Underdeveloped institutional framework has resulted in a lack of coordinated plan-
ning and lack of connections with the central, county and local level regarding
development initiatives, information flow and coordination of national, regional
and local development goals and priorities - with the goal of optimal utilization of
resources and overall development potential of the country. In spite of mentioned
problems, the Istrian County has been known for a successful system of institu-
tions that provide support for entrepreneurship, such as IDA - Istrian Develop-
ment Agency, AZRRI - Agency for Rural Development of Istria and others, which
will be presented below.
4.1. MIH Ltd. Poreč
MIH Ltd. is the first company that was established by the County of Istria. MIH
is an abbreviation and stands for “Made in Histria”. The goal of its establishment
6. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ISTRIAN COUNTY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL ... 561
was to achieve adequate evaluation and recognition of original Istrian products,
and to provide assistance to agriculture in Istria. Istrian County, in the framework
of activities to be implemented within the economic policy of Croatian areas of
agriculture in the part related to the development and promotion of the private ag-
riculture sector as the priority tasks since 1994, was the first county to implement a
program of incentives to increase long-term crops. The above program has become
recognized not only in the Istrian County, but also in other parts of the Croatian
Republic, while other counties adopted a similar model. In the past eleven years
Istrian County has co-financed planting material from its budget in the amount of
19,342,317.50 kuna. In addition, county funds, farmers, municipalities and cities
bought 325,430 olive seedlings, 81,370 pieces of fruit seedlings and 1,825,014
pieces of vine plants. With these seedlings 1174.84 ha of olive groves were plant-
ed, 162.74 ha of orchards and 456,253.25 ha of vineyards.3
In 2005 production
of olives with geographic origin (ISTARSKA BJELICA, BUŽA, CARBONERA,
MORAŽOLA and POREČKA ROSULJA) started. Activities and investments to
increase long-term plantation created the precondition of maintaining and devel-
oping the existing production and survival of agriculture as an industry in Istria.
4.2. Fund for Agricultural Development and Rural Tourism
The Fund for agricultural development and rural tourism was established by
the Decision of the Assembly of the Istrian County and by opening a special ac-
count of the County Government on the 24 th March 1995. The purpose of its
establishment was to establish an effective system of finding and providing financial
assistance to agriculture in the Istrian County to stop the negative trends in all seg-
ments of primary agricultural production and putting into operation all available
food resources, especially agricultural land. From 1995 until the end of 2009 from
the Fund for the Development of Agriculture and Rural Tourism, 918,003,821.17
kuna was invested through 839 projects in the County of Istria.
4.3. Istrian Development Agency - IDA Ltd. Pula
The Istrian Development Agency (IDA) Ltd. is the first regional and one of
the leading development agencies in Croatia. Established on December 14 th
1999 as an operational body for the implementation of development programs of
the County of Istria, and the consortium for the development of “Istria 21”. The
3
Source: www.mih.hr
7. Boris Sabatti562
founders of the IDA are Istria and nine istrian cities: Buje, Buzet, Labin, Novigrad,
Pazin, Poreč, Pula, Rovinj and Umag. Today IDA is an unavoidable factor in the
development of istrian economy. Its primary role is encouraging the development
of small and medium enterprises in Istria, and through the provision of finan-
cial support, and implementation of education, entrepreneurial development of
infrastructure, information and business consulting, providing services to potential
foreign investors andimplementing various interregional and international projects
aimed at creating a favourable entrepreneurial climate in Istria.
4.4. Agency for Rural Development of Istria – AZRRI Ltd. Pazin
AZRRI - Agency for Rural Development of Istria Ldt. headquartered in Pazin,
was founded in 2003. The task is connecting the public and private sectors and to
prepare and implement projects in rural areas. It is the first agency of its kind in
Croatia, with the specific task of coordinating the production activities in the rural
region of Istria. The aim of the agency is initiating economic and development
programs in rural areas of Istria. The founder of the agency is the Couty of Istria,
which ownes 100% of it. 4
AZRRI directs activities and creates development programs in the rural area of
the County of Istria, in order to achieve equal development of the coastal and inner
part of Istria County. AZRRI has an important role in enabling economic opera-
tors in rural areas towards creating new jobs and animate the younger generations
to live in rural areas. Activities that AZRRI conducted since its establishment until
today are primarily focused on family farms and providing services, training and
application of modern technology and aid towards them adapting market con-
ditions. Significant activities were directed at the development strategies of rural
development of the Istrian County, raising long-term plantation, creating projects
that were nominated for international funding as well as training its own staff to
function as assistance in development programs in rural areas of Istria, and to can-
didate projects to EU pre-accession funds for co-financing.
4.5. Istrian Tourism Development Agency – IRTA Ltd. Poreč
IRTA - Istrian Tourism Development Agency was established in 2003. The
Company is 46.30% owned by the County of Istria and 53.70% owned by the
4
Source: www.azrri.hr
8. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ISTRIAN COUNTY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL ... 563
Istrian tourist enterprises. The basic reason for creating IRTA Ltd. was to enable
the private sector for a competitive market position, ensure faster and more effi-
cient restructuring, harmonize development of tourism, change the situation in the
public sector towards quality service for the private sector, encourage the creation
of new products and actively participate in the process of raising quality level. In
this sense, IRTA Ltd. is the only tourist institutional link between the private and
public sector with the primary aim of creating a synergy of action in resolving and
efficiently finding optimal solutions, in accordance with the findings and settings
of the Master Development Plan for Tourism in Istria.5
Late 2008 the IRTA has
claimed responsibility for the creation of one of the major tourist projects of inno-
vative character in the segment of raising the competitiveness of Istria as a destina-
tion. It is a project of establishing a contact and sales centre of Istria.
4.6. Istra Golf Design – IGD Ltd. Poreč
Istra Golf Design Ltd. was established in 2006 by the Istrian Development
Agency in order to promote the development of golf in the County and work on all
aspects of the development of this form of ‘top tourist offer’ and to offer service to
investors. From the very beginning the IGD is working hard on the promotion of
golf in Istria through the forests of vague regulations, bureaucratic-administrative
barriers. It is in its plans to form a consortium and to connect future participants
in the realization of the program. IGD expands opportunities for development of
this, for Istria, new product. The number of potential locations for the implemen-
tation of golf projects increased to 22. The term “golf project” involves not only the
construction of golf courses, but also golf centres equipped with multiple comple-
mentary and accommodation facilities. In fact, it is about creating a completely
new tourist product, and on the other hand, it means opening new markets, the
arrival of new guests and ultimately creation of a totally new image for the tourist
region of Istria.6
4.7. Istrian Regional Energy Agency – IRENA Ltd. Labin
IRENA - Istrian Regional Energy Agency for energy affairs was founded upon
the decision of the founder, the County of Istria, in 2009. IRENA has the task of
examining energy business in Istria differently than it was done before. The use
5
Source: http://www.irta.hr/ZastoIRTA/HR
6
Source: http://www.istra-istria.hr/index.php?id=273
9. Boris Sabatti564
of energy on Istrian preninsula in the future and renewable energy sources as well
as environmental protection is the focus of this agency. Its task is to implement a
strategy for EU energy supply, support the transition to sustainable energy systems,
energy management advisory and information role, and so forth. Istria is preparing
a number of alternative energy sources such as the processing of waste oils, biogas
production from olive oil production residue, modern waste disposal, solar energy
and wind power, which is in the design stage. It is also necessary to educate the
population about the use of energy saving building materials.
5. CONCLUSION
In addition to these shortcomings, problems and the current low level of decen-
tralization in Croatia, the Istrian County stands out by having a successful system
of institutions that provide support for regional development. The Istrian County,
cities and municipalities and associations of citizens in the previous period, initi-
ated a series of institutions that provide support for different segments and sectors.
Namely those are: Pula Center for Entrepreneurship, Business Incubators in La-
bin, Pula, Rovinj, Pula Port Free Zone, BPW - Business and Professional Woman
- Pula, Ruralis - a consortium of rural tourism in Istria. In the forthcoming period,
Istrian County plans to establish the following institutions to promote regional
development: Istrian cultural agency - IKA, Business Incubators in Vodnjan and
Buzet, Environmental Protection Agency, Istrian Development Agency - Poreč and
the Istrian Fair.
Regional development institutions are the holders of the development of their
counties. Development and application of new models of governance in the region,
will generate and promote economic development, increase employment, encour-
age investment, promote tourism and rural development, in a word, it will become
more competitive relative to those regions that do not apply such a model. The As-
sembly of the Istrian County and the President of the County have to, continue on
the basis of successfully implemented projects in the past, to invest in research and
development, human resources, stimulate employment programs, create new jobs,
build a stronger link with universities and regional development agencies from
Croatia and Europe, in order to prepare the Istrian County for EU programs and
EU membership.
10. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN ISTRIAN COUNTY AS A FACTOR OF REGIONAL ... 565
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