Improving the discoverability of Open Access books : metadata challenges and opportunities

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This document discusses challenges and opportunities related to metadata for open access books. It notes that open access publications have no restrictions on licensing, digital rights, or costs, making their outputs immediately accessible and reusable. However, metadata for open access books faces issues including missing elements, inaccurate metadata, conversion needs, matching across sources, and lack of interoperability and reuse. This impacts discovery, usage metrics, and collection management. Opportunities include partnerships to improve publisher metadata, supporting infrastructure projects, and using open standards and mechanisms for metadata exchange.

Education

Emma Booth
(she/her)
@EmmaE_B
Metadata Manager for Content Management
University of Manchester Library
Improving the Discoverability of
Open Access Books:
Metadata Challenges and Opportunities
CILIP Metadata & Discovery Group
Autumn Webinar Series 2022

Open Access publications are
not restricted by licence,
digital rights (DRM) or
payment barriers.
They are available to read free
of charge, and can be
distributed freely online.
Immediately upon
publication, the outputs of
research become accessible
and reusable for the long
term.

(CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Ken Lane (2016) Flickr
https://www.ukri.org/publications/ukri-open-access-policy/

Open Access Books in Library Discovery Layers

‘OA monographs create challenges for the supply chain in both
directions of travel.
One direction is “downstream” as metadata flows from the
publisher through a supply chain that is not designed for OA
titles.
The other direction of travel is the flow of usage data back
“upstream” to the publisher (and ultimately to authors and
funders) – a flow that is increasingly important but for which
there is insufficient infrastructure and standards.’
Clarke, M., & Ricci, L. (2020).

Metadata Pipeline for Open Access Books
Bibliographic Data
Aggregator
System-Provider
Knowledgebase
Content
Aggregator
OA Book
Publisher

• Metadata missing key
descriptive elements
• Inaccurate or incorrect
metadata
• Metadata requiring
conversion
• Matching metadata
from multiple sources
• Version control
• Metadata that does not
follow FAIR principles
• Metadata that cannot be
shared or reused
Metadata Openness
Metadata Ingestion
and Deduplication
Metadata Quality
Leaks in the Metadata Pipeline

• Poor searching or discovery experience
• Incomplete understanding of library
collections
• Poor user-opinion of library holdings,
including Open Access resources
• Inaccurate usage metrics:
‘can’t find it = can’t use it’
• Negative impact upon collection
management & development activities
• Hidden costs for library staff:
─ Correcting/upgrading metadata
─ Providing extra support to library-
users when searching for resources
Challenge 1:
Metadata Quality

Titles:
Names:
Dates:
Identifiers:
Subject Terms:
Content Type & Format Data:
(Open Access) Rights or Restrictions:
Electronic Access Management:
• Main title, Series title, Collection title
• Author(s)/Creator(s), Publisher(s), Funder(s)
• Publication, Distribution, Availability
• ISBNs, URIs, DOIs, Series ISSN
• Keyword terms or headings (LCSH, BISAC, FAST)
Classification, Abstracts, Contents lists
• Pagination, File type(s)
• Copyright statement, CC Licence
• URL(s) for E-book Platform provider(s)
(2016)

Challenge 2: Metadata Ingestion
and Deduplication
Academic Library
System-Provider
Knowledgebase
Content
Aggregator
OA Book
Publisher
Bibliographic Data
Aggregator

Metadata
Researchers or
Analysts
Collaborative
Cataloguing
Programme or Linked
Data Service
Academic Library
Challenge 3: Metadata Openness

• Support a University Press; help them to improve their metadata
with advice or practical/technical support
(e.g. about metadata quality, interoperability, and openness)
• Join or support community initiatives that facilitate sustainable
Open Access publishing (including metadata provision)
Open Access Books Metadata Opportunities:
1. Partnerships and Communities

• Support the development of technology and infrastructure for Open
Access Books and their associated metadata
• e.g. COPIM Project & THOTH
• Use existing open infrastructure or mechanisms for metadata supply
or harvesting
• e.g. OAI-PMH
Open Access Books Metadata Opportunities:
2. Infrastructure and Technology

Questions ?
Emma Booth
(she/her)
@EmmaE_B
Metadata Manager for Content Management
University of Manchester Library

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CILIP MDG

The principles surrounding Linked Open Data and their implementation within digital libraries are well understood. Such implementations may be challenging, but successes are now well documented and continue to demonstrate the benefits of disseminating and enriching existing metadata with improved semantics and relational associations. Often facilitated in machine-readability enhancements to metadata by harnessing serializations of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and its reliance of URIs, these LOD approaches have ensured digital libraries, and similar GLAMR initiatives elsewhere, contribute to the growing knowledge graphs associated with the wider semantic web by declaring statements of fact about web entities. Within open scholarly ecosystems a growing use of persistent identifiers (PIDs) to define and link scholarly entities has emerged, e.g., DOIs, ORCIDs, etc. The requirement for greater URI persistence has been motivated by several developments within the scholarly space; suffice to state that, when combined with appropriate structured data, PIDs can support improvements to resource discovery, as well as facilitate contributions to the ‘PID graph’ – a scholarly data graph describing and declaring associative relations between scholarly entities. While the increased adoption of PIDs has the potential to transform scholarship, ensuring that these PIDs are used appropriately, encoded correctly within metadata, and that all relevant relational associations between scholarly entities are declared presents challenges. This is especially true within open scholarly repositories, from where many contributions to the PID graph will be made but – unlike many LOD contexts – from where the authority to assert specific relations may not always exist. Such declarations need to demonstrate reliability and provenance and are central to the interlinking of heterogeneous textual objects, datasets, software, research instruments, equipment, and the related PIDs these items may generate, such as for people, organizations, or other abstract entities. This paper will explore the issues that arise when levels of authority to assert are lacking or are uncertain, and review results from a related study exploring the ‘PID literacy’ of scholars... Paper presented at the Metadata & Discovery Group Conference & RDA Day (6th - 8th Sept 2023 at IET Austin Court, Birmingham)

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