The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Glass ionomer cements are tooth-colored materials that bond chemically to dental hard tissues and release fluoride for a relatively long period. They are composed of a powder made of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass and a liquid containing polyacrylic acid. When mixed, the acid in the liquid dissolves the glass particles, releasing ions that crosslink with the polyacid to form a silicate gel matrix. This setting reaction involves dissolution of the glass, precipitation of salts to form the initial set, and hydration of the salts over 24 hours as the cement matures. Glass ionomers bond to tooth structure, are biocompatible, and provide fluoride release, making them useful for restorations and
Calcium hydroxide is a white powder with a high pH of 12.5-12.8 that has a variety of endodontic applications. It was first used as a pulp capping agent in the 1800s and its use has expanded since then. It is supplied as a powder mixed with various vehicles or in single or two-paste systems. When used as an intracanal medicament or temporary filling material, it promotes healing through its antimicrobial effects, tissue dissolving properties, and ability to induce mineralization. Upon contact with tissues, calcium hydroxide forms three zones - an outer zone of obliteration, a middle zone of coagulation necrosis, and an inner zone of normal pulp with a line of
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Direct Pulp Capping. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
multiple idiopathic external and internal resorption- Dr Sanjana RavindraDr. Sanjana Ravindra
This case report describes a 36-year-old male with multiple idiopathic external and internal root resorptions in the maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth found incidentally on radiographs. The patient reported slight discomfort while chewing with his left mandibular second molar. Laboratory tests and clinical examinations found no cause for the resorptions. Cone beam computed tomography further evaluated the resorptive lesions and found they affected several teeth with no identifiable etiology. This is a rare presentation of idiopathic root resorption in multiple teeth.
The document discusses requirements for endodontic sealers according to Grossman in 1958 and additional requirements. It then summarizes different types of sealers, including their compositions and properties. The main types discussed are zinc oxide-eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, resin-based sealers like AH-26, calcium hydroxide-based sealers like Sealapex, and glass ionomer sealers like Ketac-Endo. Factors to consider when selecting a sealer include the need for lubrication, working time, temperature, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial action.
Root apex and working length determinationAnkit Patel
The root apex is the most complex, challenging, and important part of the root canal system for endodontic treatment. It contains three key anatomical landmarks - the apical constriction, cemento-dentinal junction, and apical foramen. The root apex has lateral and accessory canals that connect the root canal to surrounding tissues. A thorough understanding of root apex anatomy is essential for determining accurate working length and width, performing endodontic surgery, and avoiding procedural errors.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of denture base materials over time, from early materials like wood and bone to modern day PMMA. It discusses the requirements of an ideal denture base material and introduces PMMA, describing the polymerization reaction and different types of denture base resins including heat, chemically and light activated. The document outlines the physical properties of resins and recent advancements, providing details on the polymerization process and factors that influence it.
This document discusses Cention N, a new dental restorative material that is being promoted as an alternative to amalgam. It has the following key points:
- Cention N is a resin-based filling material that is self-curing with optional light curing. It contains special filler particles called Isofillers that help reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage.
- Studies have shown Cention N has lower microleakage than composite resins and glass ionomer cement. It also maintains tight proximal contacts similar to composites.
- Cention N demonstrates better microhardness properties than silver amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and nano-hybrid composite, making it a clinically suitable option
Glass ionomer cements are tooth-colored materials that bond chemically to dental hard tissues and release fluoride for a relatively long period. They are composed of a powder made of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass and a liquid containing polyacrylic acid. When mixed, the acid in the liquid dissolves the glass particles, releasing ions that crosslink with the polyacid to form a silicate gel matrix. This setting reaction involves dissolution of the glass, precipitation of salts to form the initial set, and hydration of the salts over 24 hours as the cement matures. Glass ionomers bond to tooth structure, are biocompatible, and provide fluoride release, making them useful for restorations and
Calcium hydroxide is a white powder with a high pH of 12.5-12.8 that has a variety of endodontic applications. It was first used as a pulp capping agent in the 1800s and its use has expanded since then. It is supplied as a powder mixed with various vehicles or in single or two-paste systems. When used as an intracanal medicament or temporary filling material, it promotes healing through its antimicrobial effects, tissue dissolving properties, and ability to induce mineralization. Upon contact with tissues, calcium hydroxide forms three zones - an outer zone of obliteration, a middle zone of coagulation necrosis, and an inner zone of normal pulp with a line of
In this lecture I explain in step-by-step fashion the basics of Direct Pulp Capping. a photo guide is attached to the guide to aid in better understanding of the topic
multiple idiopathic external and internal resorption- Dr Sanjana RavindraDr. Sanjana Ravindra
This case report describes a 36-year-old male with multiple idiopathic external and internal root resorptions in the maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth found incidentally on radiographs. The patient reported slight discomfort while chewing with his left mandibular second molar. Laboratory tests and clinical examinations found no cause for the resorptions. Cone beam computed tomography further evaluated the resorptive lesions and found they affected several teeth with no identifiable etiology. This is a rare presentation of idiopathic root resorption in multiple teeth.
The document discusses requirements for endodontic sealers according to Grossman in 1958 and additional requirements. It then summarizes different types of sealers, including their compositions and properties. The main types discussed are zinc oxide-eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, resin-based sealers like AH-26, calcium hydroxide-based sealers like Sealapex, and glass ionomer sealers like Ketac-Endo. Factors to consider when selecting a sealer include the need for lubrication, working time, temperature, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial action.
Root apex and working length determinationAnkit Patel
The root apex is the most complex, challenging, and important part of the root canal system for endodontic treatment. It contains three key anatomical landmarks - the apical constriction, cemento-dentinal junction, and apical foramen. The root apex has lateral and accessory canals that connect the root canal to surrounding tissues. A thorough understanding of root apex anatomy is essential for determining accurate working length and width, performing endodontic surgery, and avoiding procedural errors.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of denture base materials over time, from early materials like wood and bone to modern day PMMA. It discusses the requirements of an ideal denture base material and introduces PMMA, describing the polymerization reaction and different types of denture base resins including heat, chemically and light activated. The document outlines the physical properties of resins and recent advancements, providing details on the polymerization process and factors that influence it.
This document discusses Cention N, a new dental restorative material that is being promoted as an alternative to amalgam. It has the following key points:
- Cention N is a resin-based filling material that is self-curing with optional light curing. It contains special filler particles called Isofillers that help reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage.
- Studies have shown Cention N has lower microleakage than composite resins and glass ionomer cement. It also maintains tight proximal contacts similar to composites.
- Cention N demonstrates better microhardness properties than silver amalgam, glass ionomer cement, and nano-hybrid composite, making it a clinically suitable option
Dental cements have been used for a long time in dentistry and serve purposes like retaining restorations. They are classified based on ingredients like water, oil or resin content. Zinc phosphate cement is one of the earliest and most commonly used luting agents. It consists of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powder mixed with an acidic liquid containing phosphoric acid. The acid-base setting reaction forms a zinc aluminophosphate gel matrix that hardens. Variations include fluoridated and copper/silver versions for uses like orthodontic band cementation.
This document discusses mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), including its composition, properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. MTA is comprised primarily of Portland cement and bismuth oxide for radiopacity. It has an alkaline pH, is biocompatible, promotes hard tissue formation, and provides a good seal. The document outlines MTA's uses for pulp capping, apical plugs, root-end fillings, repair of root/furcal perforations and resorptive defects, apexification, and apexogenesis.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
Visual inspection alone has low sensitivity in detecting early caries lesions. This study assessed the effect of magnification and air drying on detecting occlusal caries in 44 extracted teeth using naked eye, magnifying loupes, and stereomicroscope, both before and after air drying. The results showed that visual examination before and after air drying had the highest specificity but lowest sensitivity, while magnifying loupes after air drying had the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. In conclusion, magnification and air drying can improve the detection of early occlusal caries compared to visual examination alone.
The document discusses various pulp treatment procedures for primary teeth, including indirect pulp capping (IPC) and direct pulp capping (DPC). IPC involves removing gross caries and sealing the cavity to allow the remaining infected dentin to be arrested, while DPC places a protective material directly over an exposed pulp site. Both aim to preserve pulp vitality and encourage reparative dentin formation. Key factors in success include residual dentin thickness and choice of capping agent. DPC is not recommended for primary teeth due to their higher cellular content and inflammatory response compared to permanent teeth.
DENTAL MATERIALS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY.pptxDentalYoutube
This document discusses various dental materials used in pediatric dentistry, including bases and liners like calcium hydroxide and glass ionomer cements, cavity varnishes, dentin bonding agents, restorative materials like silver amalgam and glass ionomer cement, sealants, and cements. It provides details on the composition, properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of these materials.
The document discusses root canal obturation and sealers. It describes the purpose of obturation as completely filling the root canal to prevent reinfection. The timing of obturation depends on factors like patient symptoms and pulp/periapical status. Obturation materials include gutta-percha, resilon, and various cements and pastes. Gutta-percha is the most commonly used material due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal shapes. Lateral and vertical compaction techniques are described for placing gutta-percha. Sealers are also needed to fill irregularities and provide a fluid-tight seal between gutta-percha and the canal walls. Common sealers include zinc
Dental ceramics include porcelain and are used for dental restorations. Porcelain is made from a glass matrix containing mineral phases and feldspars. It is used for dental crowns, veneers, dentures, and other prosthetics. Porcelain has good biocompatibility and esthetics but is brittle. Metal-ceramic restorations combine a metal substructure with porcelain for strength. All-ceramic restorations are made entirely of ceramic materials and provide superior esthetics but require more tooth reduction. Common all-ceramic systems include machinable blocks, castable ceramics, pressable ceramics, and infiltrated glass ceramics.
Gutta percha and sealers are the most commonly used materials for root canal obturation. Gutta percha exists in alpha, beta, and gamma forms with different properties and is made of gutta-percha polymer, zinc oxide, and waxes or resins. It has advantages like biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal irregularities but lacks rigidity and adhesive properties. Sealers are used to adhere gutta percha to canal walls and come in various formulations like zinc oxide-eugenol, resin, and glass ionomer based. An ideal sealer makes a hermetic seal, is biocompatible, and insoluble in tissue fluids.
The document discusses root canal obturation materials. It describes gutta-percha, which is the most commonly used solid-core filling material derived from rubber trees. Different forms of gutta-percha are discussed, including points, pellets, and variants containing medications. Alternative materials mentioned include Resilon, silver points, and various cements. Advantages and disadvantages of each material are provided.
Glass ionomer cement has several applications in dentistry. It can be used as a luting agent, for orthodontic brackets, as pit and fissure sealants, as a liner or base, for core buildup, for temporary restorations, and as a permanent restoration in non-stress bearing areas. Glass ionomer cement adheres well to tooth structure, releases fluoride to inhibit caries, and requires minimal cavity preparation, making it useful for restorations in children and in areas without access to advanced dental equipment.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
This document discusses root canal sealers and their use in endodontic treatment. It provides information on the rationale and timing of obturation after root canal treatment. The key purposes of root canal sealers are to seal the root canal system, fill any irregularities or voids, and entomb any remaining bacteria. Common types of sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol based, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Properties of an ideal sealer and factors influencing the selection and performance of different sealer materials are also outlined.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics, including their history, classification, composition, properties, and methods of strengthening. It discusses the basic components of dental porcelain, including feldspar, kaolin, silica, and other additives. The document also covers various classification schemes for dental ceramics based on their content, use, processing method, firing temperature, and microstructure. Strengthing methods like ion exchange, thermal tempering, and disrupting crack propagation are described.
The document discusses finishing and polishing in dentistry. It defines finishing and polishing as abrasive processes used to smooth surfaces and remove scratches. The goals are to obtain proper anatomy and occlusion with a smooth surface that resists plaque accumulation. A variety of abrasives and instruments are used including diamonds, stones, discs, and pastes with different particle sizes and bonds. Proper finishing and polishing provides benefits like minimal irritation, natural aesthetics, hygiene and corrosion resistance.
The document discusses the history and techniques of tooth bleaching. It notes that early attempts in the 19th century used highly dangerous caustic materials. By the late 1800s, oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, and chlorine began to be used. In the 1960s, techniques were developed where bleaching agents were placed directly into pulp chambers of non-vital teeth for weeks, called "walking bleaches". Later techniques in the 1990s combined internal placement of agents with external bleaching trays to bleach from both inside and outside simultaneously. The document traces the evolution of bleaching from dangerous early methods to safer modern techniques.
The document discusses the classification, composition, properties and history of precious metal alloys used in dentistry. It covers noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys. It describes how these alloys are classified based on their noble metal content and properties. The various heat treatments used to alter the properties of gold alloys are also summarized. Important alloys used for metal-ceramic restorations and their typical compositions are highlighted.
This document discusses dental adhesives and their evolution over several generations. It describes improvements in adhesion to dental structures and materials, including the development of self-etching adhesives and single-component adhesives. The document also covers adhesive components, properties, application techniques, advantages and disadvantages. Key adhesive types discussed include etch-and-rinse systems, self-etch adhesives, and light-cured or dual-cured formulations. Diagrams and tables supplement the text.
Impression materials/dental implant courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
This document provides an overview of impression materials used for complete dentures. It defines an impression as a negative imprint used to produce a positive replica for dental restorations. Desirable properties of impression materials include compatibility with patients, ease of manipulation, adequate storage properties, and affordability. Materials are classified based on rigidity, viscosity, setting mechanism, interaction with water, and chemistry. The document reviews the history of materials from beeswax to modern polymers and discusses the properties and uses of specific materials like impression plaster, compound, and zinc oxide eugenol paste.
Impressionmaterials/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental cements have been used for a long time in dentistry and serve purposes like retaining restorations. They are classified based on ingredients like water, oil or resin content. Zinc phosphate cement is one of the earliest and most commonly used luting agents. It consists of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide powder mixed with an acidic liquid containing phosphoric acid. The acid-base setting reaction forms a zinc aluminophosphate gel matrix that hardens. Variations include fluoridated and copper/silver versions for uses like orthodontic band cementation.
This document discusses mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), including its composition, properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. MTA is comprised primarily of Portland cement and bismuth oxide for radiopacity. It has an alkaline pH, is biocompatible, promotes hard tissue formation, and provides a good seal. The document outlines MTA's uses for pulp capping, apical plugs, root-end fillings, repair of root/furcal perforations and resorptive defects, apexification, and apexogenesis.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
Visual inspection alone has low sensitivity in detecting early caries lesions. This study assessed the effect of magnification and air drying on detecting occlusal caries in 44 extracted teeth using naked eye, magnifying loupes, and stereomicroscope, both before and after air drying. The results showed that visual examination before and after air drying had the highest specificity but lowest sensitivity, while magnifying loupes after air drying had the highest sensitivity but lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. In conclusion, magnification and air drying can improve the detection of early occlusal caries compared to visual examination alone.
The document discusses various pulp treatment procedures for primary teeth, including indirect pulp capping (IPC) and direct pulp capping (DPC). IPC involves removing gross caries and sealing the cavity to allow the remaining infected dentin to be arrested, while DPC places a protective material directly over an exposed pulp site. Both aim to preserve pulp vitality and encourage reparative dentin formation. Key factors in success include residual dentin thickness and choice of capping agent. DPC is not recommended for primary teeth due to their higher cellular content and inflammatory response compared to permanent teeth.
DENTAL MATERIALS IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY.pptxDentalYoutube
This document discusses various dental materials used in pediatric dentistry, including bases and liners like calcium hydroxide and glass ionomer cements, cavity varnishes, dentin bonding agents, restorative materials like silver amalgam and glass ionomer cement, sealants, and cements. It provides details on the composition, properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of these materials.
The document discusses root canal obturation and sealers. It describes the purpose of obturation as completely filling the root canal to prevent reinfection. The timing of obturation depends on factors like patient symptoms and pulp/periapical status. Obturation materials include gutta-percha, resilon, and various cements and pastes. Gutta-percha is the most commonly used material due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal shapes. Lateral and vertical compaction techniques are described for placing gutta-percha. Sealers are also needed to fill irregularities and provide a fluid-tight seal between gutta-percha and the canal walls. Common sealers include zinc
Dental ceramics include porcelain and are used for dental restorations. Porcelain is made from a glass matrix containing mineral phases and feldspars. It is used for dental crowns, veneers, dentures, and other prosthetics. Porcelain has good biocompatibility and esthetics but is brittle. Metal-ceramic restorations combine a metal substructure with porcelain for strength. All-ceramic restorations are made entirely of ceramic materials and provide superior esthetics but require more tooth reduction. Common all-ceramic systems include machinable blocks, castable ceramics, pressable ceramics, and infiltrated glass ceramics.
Gutta percha and sealers are the most commonly used materials for root canal obturation. Gutta percha exists in alpha, beta, and gamma forms with different properties and is made of gutta-percha polymer, zinc oxide, and waxes or resins. It has advantages like biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal irregularities but lacks rigidity and adhesive properties. Sealers are used to adhere gutta percha to canal walls and come in various formulations like zinc oxide-eugenol, resin, and glass ionomer based. An ideal sealer makes a hermetic seal, is biocompatible, and insoluble in tissue fluids.
The document discusses root canal obturation materials. It describes gutta-percha, which is the most commonly used solid-core filling material derived from rubber trees. Different forms of gutta-percha are discussed, including points, pellets, and variants containing medications. Alternative materials mentioned include Resilon, silver points, and various cements. Advantages and disadvantages of each material are provided.
Glass ionomer cement has several applications in dentistry. It can be used as a luting agent, for orthodontic brackets, as pit and fissure sealants, as a liner or base, for core buildup, for temporary restorations, and as a permanent restoration in non-stress bearing areas. Glass ionomer cement adheres well to tooth structure, releases fluoride to inhibit caries, and requires minimal cavity preparation, making it useful for restorations in children and in areas without access to advanced dental equipment.
This document provides an overview of gutta percha, including its discovery, historical uses, sources, evolution in dentistry, composition, chemistry, phases, properties, and commercial manufacture. Gutta percha is a natural polymer that has been used in dentistry as a root canal filling material since the 19th century due to its biocompatibility and ability to adapt to canal walls and provide a fluid-tight seal at the apex. It exists in alpha and beta crystalline forms that impact its viscosity and handling properties for different obturation techniques.
This document discusses root canal sealers and their use in endodontic treatment. It provides information on the rationale and timing of obturation after root canal treatment. The key purposes of root canal sealers are to seal the root canal system, fill any irregularities or voids, and entomb any remaining bacteria. Common types of sealers discussed include zinc oxide-eugenol based, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Properties of an ideal sealer and factors influencing the selection and performance of different sealer materials are also outlined.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics, including their history, classification, composition, properties, and methods of strengthening. It discusses the basic components of dental porcelain, including feldspar, kaolin, silica, and other additives. The document also covers various classification schemes for dental ceramics based on their content, use, processing method, firing temperature, and microstructure. Strengthing methods like ion exchange, thermal tempering, and disrupting crack propagation are described.
The document discusses finishing and polishing in dentistry. It defines finishing and polishing as abrasive processes used to smooth surfaces and remove scratches. The goals are to obtain proper anatomy and occlusion with a smooth surface that resists plaque accumulation. A variety of abrasives and instruments are used including diamonds, stones, discs, and pastes with different particle sizes and bonds. Proper finishing and polishing provides benefits like minimal irritation, natural aesthetics, hygiene and corrosion resistance.
The document discusses the history and techniques of tooth bleaching. It notes that early attempts in the 19th century used highly dangerous caustic materials. By the late 1800s, oxidizing agents like hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, and chlorine began to be used. In the 1960s, techniques were developed where bleaching agents were placed directly into pulp chambers of non-vital teeth for weeks, called "walking bleaches". Later techniques in the 1990s combined internal placement of agents with external bleaching trays to bleach from both inside and outside simultaneously. The document traces the evolution of bleaching from dangerous early methods to safer modern techniques.
The document discusses the classification, composition, properties and history of precious metal alloys used in dentistry. It covers noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys. It describes how these alloys are classified based on their noble metal content and properties. The various heat treatments used to alter the properties of gold alloys are also summarized. Important alloys used for metal-ceramic restorations and their typical compositions are highlighted.
This document discusses dental adhesives and their evolution over several generations. It describes improvements in adhesion to dental structures and materials, including the development of self-etching adhesives and single-component adhesives. The document also covers adhesive components, properties, application techniques, advantages and disadvantages. Key adhesive types discussed include etch-and-rinse systems, self-etch adhesives, and light-cured or dual-cured formulations. Diagrams and tables supplement the text.
Impression materials/dental implant courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
This document provides an overview of impression materials used for complete dentures. It defines an impression as a negative imprint used to produce a positive replica for dental restorations. Desirable properties of impression materials include compatibility with patients, ease of manipulation, adequate storage properties, and affordability. Materials are classified based on rigidity, viscosity, setting mechanism, interaction with water, and chemistry. The document reviews the history of materials from beeswax to modern polymers and discusses the properties and uses of specific materials like impression plaster, compound, and zinc oxide eugenol paste.
Impressionmaterials/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Impression materials / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dental Impression material / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses different types of dental waxes, including their definitions, classifications, components, properties and uses. The main types covered are modelling wax, inlay wax, casting wax, boxing wax and sticky wax. For each type, the document outlines their composition, melting range, properties and intended uses. Thermal properties like solid-solid transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion and melting range are discussed for dental waxes in general.
Impression materials are used to make negative reproductions or imprints of teeth and surrounding structures. They are classified based on their rigidity, setting mechanism, viscosity, interaction with water, and chemical composition. Desirable qualities include accuracy, elasticity, and dimensional stability. Common impression materials include alginate (hydrocolloid), impression plaster, impression compound, zinc oxide eugenol paste, polysulfides, condensation silicones, addition silicones, polyethers, and light-cured polyethers. Tissue conditioners provide temporary soft lining for irritated denture-bearing tissues.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Impression materials /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
1. The document discusses different types of elastic impression materials used in dentistry including their history, properties, and recent advances.
2. The main elastic impression materials discussed are elastomers/rubber base materials like polysulfides, condensation silicones, addition silicones, and polyethers.
3. Recent advances include visible light cured impression materials which offer controlled working times and excellent properties but require special trays and can be difficult to cure in all areas.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Elastic impression materials /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Impression materials and gingival tissue managementNivedha Tina
The document discusses impression materials and gingival tissue management. It provides a history of impression materials from wax and plaster in 1782 to modern elastomers. Common materials like alginate and elastomers are classified and their properties and techniques described. Recent advances in alginates and impression techniques like CAD/CAM are also covered. The document also discusses gingival tissue management techniques like retraction and various retraction methods.
Impressions in fixed partial dentures/dental crown &bridge course by Indian d...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Impressions in fixed partial dentures/certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Maxillofacial /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Elastomeric impression materials are flexible polymers that can be stretched and recover their original shape. Key materials include polysulfides (introduced in 1950s), condensation silicones, addition silicones, and polyethers (introduced later). They are supplied in various consistencies and used for impressions. Addition silicones have high accuracy while polysulfides have longer working time. Proper technique is required to mix, apply, and remove the materials. Advancements include light-cured and hydrophilic materials. Mishandling can cause defects like bubbles, rough surfaces, or lack of adhesion to trays.
This document provides an overview of different elastomeric impression materials used in dentistry, including their composition, setting reactions, properties, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses polysulfide rubber, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and polyether impression materials. It also covers general properties like working and setting times, dimensional stability, reproduction of details, disinfection, tear strength, biocompatibility, and effects of mishandling. Recently, visible light-cured polyether urethane dimethacryl materials have been introduced as well.
Final materials in maxillo facial prosthetics/ orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Recent advances in Dental ceramics / dental implant courses in indiaIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses recent advances in ceramics used for dental restorations. It describes various ceramic systems including conventional powder-slurry ceramics like Optec HSP and Duceram LFC, castable ceramics like Dicor, pressable ceramics like IPS Empress and Optec OPC, infiltrated ceramics like Inceram, and CAD-CAM machineable ceramics. It provides details on the composition, properties, advantages and uses of these different ceramic materials for dental restorations.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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This document provides an overview of dental impression materials, including their definition, classification, history, mixing systems, properties, and techniques. It discusses the main types of materials - polysulfide, condensation silicone, addition silicone, and polyether. For each, it outlines their composition, advantages, disadvantages, and properties like tear strength and dimensional stability. The document also reviews factors that affect impressions like temperature, viscosity, and storage conditions. It provides recommendations to control dimensional changes and concludes with a literature review on improving the accuracy of elastomeric impression materials.
This document discusses different types of impression materials used in dentistry. It describes elastomeric impression materials including polysulfides, condensation silicones, addition silicones, and polyethers. It provides details on the composition, chemistry, properties, advantages and disadvantages of each material. It also discusses impression trays, manipulation of impression materials, and removal of impressions.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
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Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
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How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
2. Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Definition and classifications
• Ideal requirements
• Impression materials and techniques
- Elastomeric materials
- Hydrocolloids
- Inelastic or rigid
• Latest advances
• Conclusions
• Referenceswww.indiandentalacademy.com
3. History:
• 18th
and 19th
century bees wax.
• 1782 William Rae – used wax with POP.
• 1842 Montgomery discovered GP.
• 1848 Colburn and Black-GP impression.
• 1925-28 Development of Hydrocolloids.
• 1930 – A W Ward and E B Kelly introduced ZOE
• 1936-40 Alginate by S.William Wilding.
• 1950 introduction of elastomers.
• 1960 Introduction of polyether in Germany.
• 1988 Latest addition and light cured elastomers.
• 1990-2000 New auto devices and delivery systems.
• Research continues….
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. “An impression is essentially a negative or reverse
replica of any entity. In dentistry, this replica is of the
teeth and its supporting and surrounding structures.”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. 1. By generic chemical name: Silicone material or ZOE or
commercial brand names.
2. By the manner in which they harden or set
Chemical / irreversible Temp / reversible
• Plaster of Paris
• ZOE
• Alginate
• Elastomers
Thermoplastic Non-thermoplastic
• Impression
compound
• Wax
Agar
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. 3. According to the ability of the set material to be
withdraw over undercuts :Elastic
impression materials
Non-elastic or Rigid
impression materials
Agar
Alginate
Impression compound
ZOE
Hydrocolloid Rubbers
Polysulfide.
Poly
silicones.
Polyether.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. 4. According to the use of the materials in dentistry
A) Materials used for obtaining impression of dentulous
mouth
Alginate
Agar
Non-aqueous Elastomers
B) Materials used for obtaining Impression of edentulous
mouth:
• Impression Compound
• Impression Plaster
• Zinc Oxide eugenol
• Wax
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. MucocompressiveMucostatic
5. According to the viscosity or tissue displacement:
- Impression plaster - Impression
- Agar Compound
- Alginate - Putty elastomers
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Ideal Requirements of DentalIdeal Requirements of Dental
Impression MaterialsImpression Materials
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. 1. Pleasant taste, odor and esthetic colour
2. Not contain any toxic or irritating ingredients
3. Have adequate shelf life for storage and distribution
4. Be economical
5. Be easy to use with the minimum equipments
6. Have adequate strength so that it will not break or tear
while removing from the mouth
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. 7. Exhibit dimensional stability
8. Faithfully reproduce the tissues of mouth
9. Be able to be electroplated
10. Accuracy and faithful reproduction of details
11. Readily disinfected
12. No release of gas during setting of impression or
cast and die materials
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. • Soft and rubber-like & are known as
elastomers or synthetic rubbers.
• As per ADA Sp. No. 19 - non-aqueous
elastomeric dental impression materials.
• Liquid polymers which are converted into
solid rubber at room temperature
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. Types:
I. According to chemistry
1) Polysulfides
2) Polysilicones – condensation & addition
3) Polyether
II. According to Viscosity
1) Light body or syringe consistency
2) Medium or regular body
3) Heavy body or tray consistency
4) Very heavy body or putty consistency
III. ADA Classification
Based on selected elastic properties & dimensional changes
1) Type I
2) Type II
3) Type III www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. General Properties:
Excellent reproduction of surface details
Generally hydrophobic (except poly ether)
Good elastic properties (repeated pouring is possible)
Dimensional inaccuracies are lower but exist due to
various reasons
Excellent tear strength.
Electroplatable
Extended shelf-life
Generally higher cost
Requires tray adhesive or mechanical interlockingwww.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Uses:
1. Impression material for all applications including
- Fixed partial dentures
- Dentures and edentulous impressions
2. Border moulding of special trays (poly ether)
3. Bite registration
4. As duplicating material for refractory casts
• All elastomers - two paste systems (base & catalyst)
• Putty consistency – supplied in jars
Supplied as:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. Composition:
Base Paste:
Liquid Polysulfide Polymer - 80 to 85 %
Inert fillers
(Titanium dioxide, zinc sulfate - 16 to 18 %
copper carbonate or silica)
Reactor Paste
Lead dioxide - 60 to 68 %
Dibutyl phthalate - 30 to 35 %
Sulfur - 3 %
Other substances like Magnesium
stearate (retarder) & deodorants - 2 %
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. Available as 2 systems - Base and accelerator
3 viscosities - light, medium and heavy bodies.
Tray adhesive:
Butyl rubber or styrene/acrylonitrile dissolved in a volatile
solvent such as chloroform or a ketone.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. Chemistry and Setting Reactions
The lead dioxide reacts with the poly sulfide polymer
Chain lengthening by oxidation of the terminal -SH groups
Cross-linking by oxidation of the pendant -SH groups
Exothermic reaction - 3 to 40
C rise in temp.
It is accelerated by heat and moisture
PbO2 + S
HS - R- SH HS - R-S-S-R-SH + H2O
Mercaptan + Lead dioxide Poly sulfide + Water
T-butyl hydro peroxide – alternative to PbO2www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. 1. Unpleasant odor and colour - stains linen & messy to work with
2. Extremely viscous and sticky - mixing is difficult
3. Mixing time is 45 seconds
4. Long setting time of 12.5 (at 370
C) - Patient discomfort
5. Excellent reproduction of surface detail
6. Dimensional stability:
- Curing shrinkage is high 0.45%.
- It has the highest permanent deformation (3 to 5%)
among the elastomers
7. It is hydrophobic - so the mouth should be dried thoroughly before making an
impression
8. It can be electroplated (with silver than copper)
9. The shelf life is good (2 years)
Properties:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. Based on the type of polymerization reaction
1) Condensation silicones
2) Addition silicones
Types
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. • Also known as conventional silicone.
• Available in light, medium and putty consistency
CONDENSATION SILICONE:
Base Accelerators
Polydimethyl siloxane
(hydroxy-terminated)
Orthoethyl silicate – cross
linking agent
Colloidal silica or microsized
metal oxide (filler) 35-75%
Stannous octoate - catalyst
Color pigments
COMPOSITION:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. Properties:
• Pleasant odor and color.
• Mixing time of 45sec & setting time of 8-9mins.
• Excellent reproduction of surface details and highly elastic.
• Lesser dimensional stability
- high curing shrinkage (0.4 - 0.6%)
- permanent deformation due to shrinkage caused by the
evaporation of ethyl alcohol is also high (1-3%).
• Hydrophobic - needs a dry field.
• Electroplatable (silver / copper) and has adequate shelf life.
• Biologically inert.
• Compatible with all gypsum products.www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Addition silicones:
Also called as polyvinyl siloxanes
Better properties than condensation silicones.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Base:
Poly (methyl hydrogen siloxane)
Other siloxane prepolymers
Fillers
Accelerator:
Divinyl poly siloxane
Other siloxane pre polymers
Platinum salt: Catalyst (chloroplatinic acid)
Palladium (Hydrogen absorber)
Retarders
Fillers
Composition:
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Pt salt
Si-H + CH2=CH-Si Si-CH2-CH2-Si
activator
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Vinyl + Silane Silicone
siloxane siloxane rubber
SETTING REACTION:
• No by product, but imbalance hydrogen gas air bubbles in
the stone models
• To avoid this palladium is added.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:
Sulfur compounds retard the setting of silicones
One source of sulfur contamination is from latex gloves
Vinyl gloves should be used
www.indiandentalacademy.com
33. Properties:
• Pleasant odor and color
• Excellent reproduction of surface details
• Mixing time of 45 secs ,setting time of 5-9 mins.
• Best dimensional stability
- low curing shrinkage (0.17 %)
- lowest permanent deformation (0.05 – 0.3 %)
• Stone pouring delayed by 1-2 hours
• Extremely hydrophobic, some manufacturers add a surfactant
(detergent) to make it more hydrophilic
• Can be electroplated with silver and copper
• Good shelf life of 1-2 yrs
• Good tear strength (3000gm / cm2
)www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Poly ether Rubber
Impression material
• Introduced in Germany in late 1960’s
• Good mechanical properties and dimensional stability, but
short working time, very stiff material and expensive
www.indiandentalacademy.com
35. Composition:
Base Paste
Poly ether polymer
Colloidal silica (filler)
Glycol ether or phthalate (plasticizer)
Accelerator paste
Aromatic sulfonate ester (cross-linking agent)
Colloidal silica (filler)
Phthalate or glycol ether (plasticizer)
Available as 3 viscosities: light, medium & heavy bodied.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
36. CHEMISTRY & SETTING REACTION
H O O H
CH3– C - CH2– C – O – R – O – C - CH2– C - CH + Crosslinked
rubber
N N
CH2-CH2 CH2-CH2
Polyether + Sulfonic ester Crosslinked rubber
Exothermic reaction 4-50
C
www.indiandentalacademy.com
37. Properties:
1. Pleasant odor and taste
2. Mixing time is 30 secs, setting time of 8 mins
3. Dimensional stability is very good.
Curing shrinkage is low (0.24%)
The permanent deformation is also low (1-2%).
4. Very stiff (flexibility of 3%), needs extra space,
around 4 mm is given.
4. Hydrophilic (moisture control not critical)
5. Electroplatable with silver & copper
6. Shelf life extends upto 2 years
www.indiandentalacademy.com
38. Property Polysulfide Condesn
. Addn
. Polyether
Working time (min) 4-7 2.5-4 2-4 3
Setting time (min) 7-10 6-8 4-6.5 6
Tear strength (N/m) 2500-7000 2300-2600 1500-4300 1800-4800
By product H2O Ethanol - -
Custom tray YES NO NO NO
Unpleasant odour YES NO NO NO
Multiple casts NO NO YES YES
% contraction (24hr) 0.40 – 0.45 0.38 – 0.60 0.14 – 0.17 0.19 – 0.24
Stiffness (1= > stiff) 3 2 2 1
Distortion (1= > Dist) 1 2 4 3www.indiandentalacademy.com
39. RECOMMENDED DISINFECTANTS
MATERIAL DISINFECTANTS
Polysulfide Glutaraldehyde, Cl compounds,
Iodophors & Phenolics
Silicones ------ do --------
Polyether Cl compounds or Iodophors
Alginate ------ do --------
ZOE Glutaraldehyde or Iodophors
Impression compound Cl compounds or Iodophors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
40. AUTOMATIC DISPENSING & MIXING DEVICES
ADVANTAGES:
- More uniform mix
- Less air bubbles
- Reduced working time
www.indiandentalacademy.com
41. Different methods of making impressions
1. Single mix or mono-phase technique:
- Regular viscosity elastomer is used (addition silicone/polyether)
- Paste is mixed, part of it is loaded on to the tray & the
remaining onto the syringe
- Syringe material is injected onto the prepared area & tray
material is seated over it.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
43. RELINE OR 2-STAGE PUTTY
WASH TECHNIQUE
• Preliminary impression is made with a putty consistency
using a thin plastic sheet or spacer over it (acts as a spacer)
• Light body is injected around the prepared tooth
• The plastic sheet is removed & putty impression is seated
back
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Visible light cured impression material:
• Polyether urethane dimethacrylate.
• Introduced in early 1988 by GENESIS and L D
CAULK.
• Two viscosities: Light and heavy.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
47. Properties:
• Long working time and short setting time.
• Blue light is used for curing with transparent
impression trays.
• Tear strength – 6000 to 7500 gm/cm2
(Highest among elastomers)
• Other properties are similar to addition silicone.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
48. Manipulation:
• Both light body and heavy body are cured with
visible light having larger diameter probe.
• Curing time approx 3 min.
Adv: - Controlled working time
- Excellent properties
Disadv: - Special transparent trays
- Difficult to cure in remote area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
49. Hydrocolloids:
• Kola - ‘glue’ and ‘oid’- like, a ‘glue-like’ character.
• Colloids are classified as the fourth state of matter , they
lie between suspension and solutions.
• Characterized by their unique dispersion of particles held
together by primary or secondary forces.
• The size of the particles larger than solutions & range from
1 to 200nm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
50. • The colloidal materials that are dissolved in water are termed
hydrocolloids
• If the change of sol to gel is thermal and reversible –
reversible hydrocolloid (agar)
• If the change of sol to gel is chemical and irreversible -
irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate)
• An important characteristic of gels is the processes of syneresis
and imbibition.
• These both alter the original dimensions of the gel
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Reversible Hydrocolloid – AGAR
Introduced by “Alphous poller of Vienna” in 1925
Adopted commercially as “Dentacol” in 1928
It was the first successful elastic impression material
Agar is an organic hydrophilic colloid extracted from certain
“Seaweed”
It is a sulphuric ester of a linear polymer of galactose
Though highly accurate, it has been largely replaced by
alginates and elastomers due to its cumbersome manipulation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. The Material is supplied as:
Gel in collapsible tubes (for impressions)
A number of cylinders in a glass jar (syringe material)
In bulk containers (for duplication)
Manipulation:
Agar hydrocolloid requires special equipments
- Hydro colloid conditioner
- Water cooled rim lock trays
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. Conditioner Consists of:Conditioner Consists of:
a. Boiling or liquefaction section: 10 mins in boiling water (1000
C).
b. Storage section: 65-680
C is ideal it can be stored till needed
c. Tempering section: 460
C for about 2mins
www.indiandentalacademy.com
57. Advantages:
1. Hydrophilic Impression material
2. Good elastic properties, Good recovery from distortion
3. Can be re-used as a duplicating material
4. Long working time and low material cost
5. No mixing technique
6. High accuracy and fine detail recording
Disadvantages:
1. Only one model can be used
2. Extensive and expensive equipment required
3. It can not be electroplated
4. Impossible to sterilize for reuse
5. Low dimensional stability & tear resistancewww.indiandentalacademy.com
58. Uses of Agar:
1. Widely used at present for cast duplication
2. For full mouth impression without deep undercuts
3. As tissue conditioner
4. Was used for crown & bridge before the advent of elastomers
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59. Laminate technique or agar-alginate
combination technique
• Injecting syringe agar material onto the prepared tooth
• Placing an impression tray with alginate over the
injected syringe agar
Wet field technique
• Area to be recorded is flooded with warm water
• Syringe agar material – quickly & liberally over prepared tooth
• Immediately, tray agar placed over the syringe agar
• Hydraulic pressure www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. • ‘Algin’ - a peculiar mucous extract yielded by Algae (brown
seaweed).
• In England, 40 yrs later, “S. William Wilding” received the
patent for alginate as impression material.
• Alginate was developed as a substitute for agar when it
became scarce due to II world war.
• Currently, alginate is more popular than agar because,
It is easy to manipulate
It is comfortable for the Patient
It is relatively inexpensive and does not require
elaborate equipmentwww.indiandentalacademy.com
63. SETTING REACTION:
Alginic acid is a linear polymer of Anhydro- B-D mannuronic
acid of high molecular weight
Two main reactions occurs during setting:
i) 2 Na3 PO4 + 3 Ca SO4 Ca3 (PO4)2 + 3 Na2 SO4
(Sodium phosphate) (Calcium sulphate)
(Retarder) (Reactor)
ii) Sodium Alginate + Ca SO4 + H2O Ca Alginate + Na2 SO4
(Powder) (Reactor) (Gel)
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64. Types: Type I - Fast Setting
Type II - Normal Setting
Latest advances - Modified Alginates:
1. In the form of a sol, containing the water. A reactor of plaster
of Paris is supplied separately.
2. 2 paste system, one containing the alginate sol, the second the
calcium reactor. These materials are said to contain silicone
and have superior tear resistance.www.indiandentalacademy.com
65. 3. Chromatic alginates: contain acid/base indicator that change
colour at different critical points, indicating mixing time,
loading into mouths & setting.
4. Dustless Alginate:
To avoid dust inhalation - coating the material with a glycol.
5. Siliconised Alginates:
Alginates modified by the incorporation of silicone polymers
which improve the physical properties.www.indiandentalacademy.com
66. Manipulation: - 15 gm. Powder : 40 ml of water
- figure-of-eight motion, swipe & strop
Control of gelation time:
1. By manufacturers : by adding retarders
2. By Dentist - Cold water : Longer is the geln
. time
- Warm water : Shorter is the geln
. time
Types Mixing time Working time Setting time
I- Fast set 45 sec 1.25 mins 1-2 mins
II- Normal
set
60 sec 2 mins 2 - 4.5 mins
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67. Advantages:
1. Easy to mix and manipulate.
2. Minimum requirement of equipment.
3. Accuracy (if properly handled)
4. Low cost
5. Comfortable to the patient
6. Hygienic (as fresh material is used for each impression)
Disadvantages:
1. Cannot be electroplated.
2. Distortion occurs easily
3. Poor dimensional stability (poured within 15 min.)
4. Poor tear strength
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68. Uses:
1. Complete denture prosthesis & orthodontics
2. Mouth protectors
3. Study models and working casts
4. Duplicating models
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69. COMPARISON BETWEEN HYDROCOLLOIDS
Properties Agar Alginate
Flexibility 20 % 14 %
Elasticity &
elastic recovery
98.8 % 97.3 %
Reprodn
. of
details
25 um < agar
Tear strength 715 gm/cm2
350-700 gm/cm2
Comp. strength 8000 gm/cm2
500-8000 gm/cm2
Diml
. Stability Better Poor
Reuse Possible Not possible
Manipulation Conditioner & rim
lock trays
Normal trays
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71. Impression plaster:
• Type-1 Gypsum: Calcium sulfate dihydrate with
modifiers
• Was used as a final or wash impression in
complete denture.
Impression compound:
• Rigid reversible impression material sets by
temp change.
• Primary impression in edentulous mouth.
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72. Types: ADA specification No. 3
• TYPE – I IMPRESSION COMPOUND
- Primary impression
- individual tooth impression
• TYPE - II TRAY COMPOUND
- Border moulding
- Check undercuts in inlay
- Make a special tray
Tube impression / Single tooth impressionwww.indiandentalacademy.com