1) The document analyzes the impact of agricultural growth on poverty reduction in Ethiopia, examining current growth rates and the potential effects of accelerated productivity increases.
2) It describes an economy-wide model that projects economic growth under baseline and accelerated agricultural growth scenarios from 2005-2015.
3) The results show that achieving targeted crop and livestock yield increases raises agricultural growth from 3.8% to 6.0% annually, with strong expansion in cereals, export crops, and livestock production. However, faster growth reduces prices for some commodities like maize, wheat and livestock.
Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A General Equilibrium ...essp2
1) The document analyzes the impact of agricultural growth on poverty reduction in Ethiopia using a dynamic CGE model.
2) Simulations show that accelerating growth in cereals, export crops, and livestock can reduce national poverty levels from 22.7% to 13.3-17.6% by 2015, achieving Ethiopia's goal.
3) Complementary non-agricultural growth provides marginal additional poverty reduction. The overall ADLI strategy of agricultural-led development is supported.
This document defines unemployment and discusses different types and measures of unemployment. It provides key trends in UK unemployment from 1990 to 2009, showing a long period of falling unemployment until 2008 when it increased sharply due to the recession. Different types of unemployment are outlined, including frictional, seasonal, structural, and cyclical unemployment. The relationship between GDP growth and employment is examined, as well as implications of unemployment for businesses, such as potential responses to low or high unemployment environments.
This document presents a study on developing an econometric model to determine milk prices for agribusiness centers in Tamil Nadu, India. The study aims to develop a pricing model that takes into account production costs as well as price and non-price factors like technology, input prices, and government policies. The researchers collected primary data from 160 households rearing buffaloes across 4 villages in 2 districts of Tamil Nadu. Using this data and techniques like normalized restricted quadratic profit function analysis, they estimated elasticities of milk supply and input demand. A price determination model was developed based on the cost of production structure and these elasticities. The model was used to project different milk price scenarios for the coming years by taking the year 2002-
The document discusses different ways of measuring unemployment and types of unemployment. It provides statistics on unemployment in the UK compared to other countries. Key points include:
1) There are different ways to measure unemployment, including the claimant count and labour force survey.
2) There are different types of unemployment, such as frictional, structural, cyclical, and real wage unemployment.
3) Unemployment imposes economic and social costs, including lost output and increased poverty and health issues. It also negatively impacts businesses and increases government spending.
Policy Seminar “Boserup and Beyond Mounting Land Pressures & Development Strategies in Africa” at IFPRI on 4 September 2014. Presentation by Milu Muyanga, Assistant Professor, International Development Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. As the concentration of greenhouse gases rises, crop suitability and yields are already changing, threatening food security. To meet growing demands, food production will need to increase by 60-70% by 2050. Left unchecked, climate change could result in 20% more malnourished children by 2050. The document outlines the research objectives and activities of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) to help adapt agriculture to climate change and reduce poverty through low-carbon pathways.
Fana Abay - The contribution of urban agriculture to climate changeAfricaAdapt
Urban agriculture can help address the impacts of climate change and increase food security in cities. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing transportation and fossil fuel use. Urban agriculture also promotes nutrient cycling, waste management through composting, and enhances the urban environment through greening. While land and water access pose difficulties, low-cost techniques like container gardening can help overcome these challenges and allow urban agriculture to provide multiple benefits in urban areas vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A General Equilibrium ...essp2
1) The document analyzes the impact of agricultural growth on poverty reduction in Ethiopia using a dynamic CGE model.
2) Simulations show that accelerating growth in cereals, export crops, and livestock can reduce national poverty levels from 22.7% to 13.3-17.6% by 2015, achieving Ethiopia's goal.
3) Complementary non-agricultural growth provides marginal additional poverty reduction. The overall ADLI strategy of agricultural-led development is supported.
This document defines unemployment and discusses different types and measures of unemployment. It provides key trends in UK unemployment from 1990 to 2009, showing a long period of falling unemployment until 2008 when it increased sharply due to the recession. Different types of unemployment are outlined, including frictional, seasonal, structural, and cyclical unemployment. The relationship between GDP growth and employment is examined, as well as implications of unemployment for businesses, such as potential responses to low or high unemployment environments.
This document presents a study on developing an econometric model to determine milk prices for agribusiness centers in Tamil Nadu, India. The study aims to develop a pricing model that takes into account production costs as well as price and non-price factors like technology, input prices, and government policies. The researchers collected primary data from 160 households rearing buffaloes across 4 villages in 2 districts of Tamil Nadu. Using this data and techniques like normalized restricted quadratic profit function analysis, they estimated elasticities of milk supply and input demand. A price determination model was developed based on the cost of production structure and these elasticities. The model was used to project different milk price scenarios for the coming years by taking the year 2002-
The document discusses different ways of measuring unemployment and types of unemployment. It provides statistics on unemployment in the UK compared to other countries. Key points include:
1) There are different ways to measure unemployment, including the claimant count and labour force survey.
2) There are different types of unemployment, such as frictional, structural, cyclical, and real wage unemployment.
3) Unemployment imposes economic and social costs, including lost output and increased poverty and health issues. It also negatively impacts businesses and increases government spending.
Policy Seminar “Boserup and Beyond Mounting Land Pressures & Development Strategies in Africa” at IFPRI on 4 September 2014. Presentation by Milu Muyanga, Assistant Professor, International Development Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University.
The document discusses the challenges of climate change for agriculture and food security. As the concentration of greenhouse gases rises, crop suitability and yields are already changing, threatening food security. To meet growing demands, food production will need to increase by 60-70% by 2050. Left unchecked, climate change could result in 20% more malnourished children by 2050. The document outlines the research objectives and activities of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) to help adapt agriculture to climate change and reduce poverty through low-carbon pathways.
Fana Abay - The contribution of urban agriculture to climate changeAfricaAdapt
Urban agriculture can help address the impacts of climate change and increase food security in cities. It reduces greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing transportation and fossil fuel use. Urban agriculture also promotes nutrient cycling, waste management through composting, and enhances the urban environment through greening. While land and water access pose difficulties, low-cost techniques like container gardening can help overcome these challenges and allow urban agriculture to provide multiple benefits in urban areas vulnerable to climate change impacts.
Challenges and Opportunities for Agrican Urban Agriculture SIANI
Presented at the workshop "Urban and peri-urban agriculture in low-income countries" organised by SLU Global and SIANI. Read more here: http://www.siani.se/theme-groups/sustainable-agricultural-production-and-food-security
Product traceability and food safety (15 oct08)ECR Community
The document discusses issues around consumer trust in food and consumer products due to contamination issues and misleading health claims. It argues that establishing full traceability systems across supply chains can help rebuild consumer trust by enabling companies to track products, isolate risks, and credibly support product claims. However, current traceability systems have gaps, and a virtual traceability ecosystem is needed to realize the full benefits of traceability.
By Michael Johnson, Sam Benin, Xinshen Diao, and Liangzhi You.
Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
Urban agriculture and climate change enda ethiopiaAdeyenda
The document discusses the role of urban agriculture in addressing climate change impacts and promoting sustainability in urban areas. It outlines how climate change threatens urban populations through increased flooding, droughts and heat waves. Urban agriculture can help adapt by providing food and income, improving soil and air quality, reducing emissions through local production and waste recycling, and building resilience of vulnerable groups. The document also describes an organization's experience promoting urban agriculture in Ethiopia to boost livelihoods and nutrition of poor and HIV-affected communities through training and demonstration of organic farming techniques.
The document provides an overview of onion production in Ethiopia and analyzes the onion value chain. It discusses how onion is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia but productivity is lower than other countries due to limited availability of quality seeds and technologies. The value chain begins with land preparation and includes planting, harvesting, cleaning, and domestic marketing. Understanding the activities and relationships between actors in the chain can help identify inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement. The goal of the analysis is to investigate the current onion value chain in order to understand production, bottlenecks, and how to increase small farmer incomes through a demand-driven approach.
Innovations in agricultural extension: What can Ethiopia learn from global ex...ILRI
Presented by Ranjitha Puskur, Ponniah Anandajayasekeram and Sindu Workneh at the MoARD Workshop on “Improving Agricultural Extension Service Delivery Approaches”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June 2006.
Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A General Equilibrium ...essp2
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of agricultural growth on poverty reduction in Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Key findings include:
1) Accelerated growth focusing on cereals, export crops, and livestock can reduce national poverty levels to 13.3-19.6% by 2015, compared to 22.7% under the baseline.
2) Increasing yields and productivity for all crops and livestock can achieve the 6% agricultural growth target and halve poverty, outperforming other strategies.
3) Growth is most effective at reducing poverty in humid cereal and pastoralist areas, and least effective in humid enset areas.
The impact of increased teff production on ethiopia's economyessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
Soybean Oil Market | Price, Processing Plant ReportIMARC Group
Soybean oil is considered as one of the healthiest cooking oils and currently represents the second largest edible oil consumed in the world. The latest report of soybean oil describes the demand of soybean oil to grow at a CAGR of around 4% in the coming years. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/soybean-oil-processing-plant
Brett Begeman, Executive Vice President of International Commercial at Citigroup Investment Research, presented at the 16th Annual Investment Conference on December 7, 2005. The presentation included forward-looking statements and defined non-GAAP financial measures. It provided an overview of Monsanto's two-step strategy to grow its current portfolio globally and lead through innovation. Monsanto sources the world's corn and soy needs, and acceleration in seeds and traits is driving commercial gross profit evolution.
Developing the butter value chain in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Azage Tegegne, Dirk Hoekstra, Samson Jemaneh, Kaleb Shiferaw and Aklilu Bogale at the 22 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28-30 August 2014
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates essp2
This document summarizes preliminary results from a study on post-harvest losses in Ethiopia conducted by researchers from FAO-MAFAP and IFPRI-ESSP. Some key findings include:
- Around 40-50% of households storing cereal crops reported losses during storage, with losses averaging around 5-7% of stored quantities.
- Factors associated with higher losses included higher household wealth, proximity to urban areas, and higher humidity during storage. Higher seasonal price gaps and temperatures were linked to lower losses.
- Most households stored crops for 3-6 months, and losses generally increased the longer crops were stored. The majority of households reported minor losses of 1-10% of stored quantities.
Analyze Production Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Rice Farming Households...ijtsrd
Data Envelopment Analysis DEA was used in this study to evaluate the production efficiency of rice farming households in Hau Giang Province. Research data were collected from 250 rice farming households. DEA method was used in the studyto measure the cost effectiveness based on aggregating the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Besides, the study estimated and compared the scale efficiency of rice farming households. The research results indicated that rice farmers in Hau Giang achieved technical efficiency at a pretty good level whereas the allocative efficiency was at a fairly goodlevel, and the cost efficiency was at an average level. The results also showed that the majority of rice farming households reached high scale efficiency, particularly, many households got the optimal scale efficiency. Nguyen Quoc Nghi | La Nguyen Thuy Dung "Analyze Production Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Rice Farming Households in Hau Giang Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31887.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/31887/analyze-production-efficiency-and-scale-efficiency-of-rice-farming-households-in-hau-giang-province/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Agricultural productivity growth and implications for the GTPessp2
Agricultural productivity growth in Ethiopia has been mainly driven by expansion of cultivated area and traditional inputs. Yield growth is becoming more important for output growth. Modern input usage has not contributed as much as expected. Future growth will require increases in total factor productivity. The GTP projections require large increases in TFP over the last three years to meet output targets, especially under an alternative scenario from the Agricultural Transformation Agency.
Masters thesis defense on milk market chainDereje Admassu
This document outlines the methodology for a market chain analysis of milk production in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. It includes:
1) An introduction providing background on global and African milk production trends and the study area.
2) Objectives to identify key milk marketing channels and margins, analyze factors affecting smallholder participation and supply, and assess production and marketing prospects and constraints.
3) A methodology section describing the cross-sectional study design, data collection from primary and secondary sources, sample selection of over 300 smallholder farmers and 22 traders, and data analysis plans including descriptive statistics, econometric models, and analysis of market structure, conduct and performance.
4) An outline of the document sections
Grain Markets and Large Social Transfers:An Analysis of Productive Safety Net...guest9970726
This document analyzes Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), which provides social transfers to poor households. The PSNP uses both cash transfers and in-kind food transfers. It analyzes whether the PSNP is linked to unusual price trends in grain markets and examines the price effects of cash versus food transfers under different market integration scenarios. Key findings include that prices in PSNP regions are generally above non-PSNP regions, and cash transfers could integrate separated markets and further increase price differences, while food transfers could lower prices and reduce differences. The PSNP may have influenced national price trends through its scale of coverage and transfers.
Challenges and Opportunities for Agrican Urban Agriculture SIANI
Presented at the workshop "Urban and peri-urban agriculture in low-income countries" organised by SLU Global and SIANI. Read more here: http://www.siani.se/theme-groups/sustainable-agricultural-production-and-food-security
Product traceability and food safety (15 oct08)ECR Community
The document discusses issues around consumer trust in food and consumer products due to contamination issues and misleading health claims. It argues that establishing full traceability systems across supply chains can help rebuild consumer trust by enabling companies to track products, isolate risks, and credibly support product claims. However, current traceability systems have gaps, and a virtual traceability ecosystem is needed to realize the full benefits of traceability.
By Michael Johnson, Sam Benin, Xinshen Diao, and Liangzhi You.
Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
Urban agriculture and climate change enda ethiopiaAdeyenda
The document discusses the role of urban agriculture in addressing climate change impacts and promoting sustainability in urban areas. It outlines how climate change threatens urban populations through increased flooding, droughts and heat waves. Urban agriculture can help adapt by providing food and income, improving soil and air quality, reducing emissions through local production and waste recycling, and building resilience of vulnerable groups. The document also describes an organization's experience promoting urban agriculture in Ethiopia to boost livelihoods and nutrition of poor and HIV-affected communities through training and demonstration of organic farming techniques.
The document provides an overview of onion production in Ethiopia and analyzes the onion value chain. It discusses how onion is an important vegetable crop in Ethiopia but productivity is lower than other countries due to limited availability of quality seeds and technologies. The value chain begins with land preparation and includes planting, harvesting, cleaning, and domestic marketing. Understanding the activities and relationships between actors in the chain can help identify inefficiencies and opportunities for improvement. The goal of the analysis is to investigate the current onion value chain in order to understand production, bottlenecks, and how to increase small farmer incomes through a demand-driven approach.
Innovations in agricultural extension: What can Ethiopia learn from global ex...ILRI
Presented by Ranjitha Puskur, Ponniah Anandajayasekeram and Sindu Workneh at the MoARD Workshop on “Improving Agricultural Extension Service Delivery Approaches”, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 22 June 2006.
Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A General Equilibrium ...essp2
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of agricultural growth on poverty reduction in Ethiopia using a dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Key findings include:
1) Accelerated growth focusing on cereals, export crops, and livestock can reduce national poverty levels to 13.3-19.6% by 2015, compared to 22.7% under the baseline.
2) Increasing yields and productivity for all crops and livestock can achieve the 6% agricultural growth target and halve poverty, outperforming other strategies.
3) Growth is most effective at reducing poverty in humid cereal and pastoralist areas, and least effective in humid enset areas.
The impact of increased teff production on ethiopia's economyessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
Soybean Oil Market | Price, Processing Plant ReportIMARC Group
Soybean oil is considered as one of the healthiest cooking oils and currently represents the second largest edible oil consumed in the world. The latest report of soybean oil describes the demand of soybean oil to grow at a CAGR of around 4% in the coming years. Link to report: http://www.imarcgroup.com/soybean-oil-processing-plant
Brett Begeman, Executive Vice President of International Commercial at Citigroup Investment Research, presented at the 16th Annual Investment Conference on December 7, 2005. The presentation included forward-looking statements and defined non-GAAP financial measures. It provided an overview of Monsanto's two-step strategy to grow its current portfolio globally and lead through innovation. Monsanto sources the world's corn and soy needs, and acceleration in seeds and traits is driving commercial gross profit evolution.
Developing the butter value chain in Ethiopia ILRI
Presented by Berhanu Gebremedhin, Azage Tegegne, Dirk Hoekstra, Samson Jemaneh, Kaleb Shiferaw and Aklilu Bogale at the 22 Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 28-30 August 2014
Post-harvest losses in Ethiopia: measures and associates essp2
This document summarizes preliminary results from a study on post-harvest losses in Ethiopia conducted by researchers from FAO-MAFAP and IFPRI-ESSP. Some key findings include:
- Around 40-50% of households storing cereal crops reported losses during storage, with losses averaging around 5-7% of stored quantities.
- Factors associated with higher losses included higher household wealth, proximity to urban areas, and higher humidity during storage. Higher seasonal price gaps and temperatures were linked to lower losses.
- Most households stored crops for 3-6 months, and losses generally increased the longer crops were stored. The majority of households reported minor losses of 1-10% of stored quantities.
Analyze Production Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Rice Farming Households...ijtsrd
Data Envelopment Analysis DEA was used in this study to evaluate the production efficiency of rice farming households in Hau Giang Province. Research data were collected from 250 rice farming households. DEA method was used in the studyto measure the cost effectiveness based on aggregating the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Besides, the study estimated and compared the scale efficiency of rice farming households. The research results indicated that rice farmers in Hau Giang achieved technical efficiency at a pretty good level whereas the allocative efficiency was at a fairly goodlevel, and the cost efficiency was at an average level. The results also showed that the majority of rice farming households reached high scale efficiency, particularly, many households got the optimal scale efficiency. Nguyen Quoc Nghi | La Nguyen Thuy Dung "Analyze Production Efficiency and Scale Efficiency of Rice Farming Households in Hau Giang Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31887.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/31887/analyze-production-efficiency-and-scale-efficiency-of-rice-farming-households-in-hau-giang-province/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Agricultural productivity growth and implications for the GTPessp2
Agricultural productivity growth in Ethiopia has been mainly driven by expansion of cultivated area and traditional inputs. Yield growth is becoming more important for output growth. Modern input usage has not contributed as much as expected. Future growth will require increases in total factor productivity. The GTP projections require large increases in TFP over the last three years to meet output targets, especially under an alternative scenario from the Agricultural Transformation Agency.
Masters thesis defense on milk market chainDereje Admassu
This document outlines the methodology for a market chain analysis of milk production in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. It includes:
1) An introduction providing background on global and African milk production trends and the study area.
2) Objectives to identify key milk marketing channels and margins, analyze factors affecting smallholder participation and supply, and assess production and marketing prospects and constraints.
3) A methodology section describing the cross-sectional study design, data collection from primary and secondary sources, sample selection of over 300 smallholder farmers and 22 traders, and data analysis plans including descriptive statistics, econometric models, and analysis of market structure, conduct and performance.
4) An outline of the document sections
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Grain Markets and Large Social Transfers:An Analysis of Productive Safety Net...guest9970726
This document analyzes Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP), which provides social transfers to poor households. The PSNP uses both cash transfers and in-kind food transfers. It analyzes whether the PSNP is linked to unusual price trends in grain markets and examines the price effects of cash versus food transfers under different market integration scenarios. Key findings include that prices in PSNP regions are generally above non-PSNP regions, and cash transfers could integrate separated markets and further increase price differences, while food transfers could lower prices and reduce differences. The PSNP may have influenced national price trends through its scale of coverage and transfers.
Does microfinance reduce rural poverty? Evidence based on long term household...guest9970726
1) The study evaluates the long-term impact of microfinance loans on rural poverty in Ethiopia using a panel dataset over 1997-2006.
2) Results show microfinance loans modestly increased annual household consumption by $23-48 and likelihood of housing improvements by 0.27, but impact is smaller when controlling for time-varying factors.
3) Higher frequency and longer duration of borrowing is associated with larger impacts on consumption and improvements become significant only after several years of borrowing.
Implications of Price and Production Shocks on Food Security in Ethiopia: A G...guest9970726
The document summarizes the results of a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model analysis of the implications of price and production shocks on food security in Ethiopia. The model simulates the impact of drought-induced crop failures and livestock losses. It finds that while local household incomes fall significantly, national impacts are small due to Ethiopia's diverse agriculture and integrated markets absorbing supply changes. Isolated local shocks primarily impact the local area.
Policies to Promote Smallholder Intensification in Ethiopia:The Search for Ap...guest9970726
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Poverty Mapping, An overview of methods,based on a Malawi analysisguest9970726
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Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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Implications of agricultural growth for poverty reduction in Ethiopia
1. Implications of agricultural growth for
poverty reduction in Ethiopia
Paul Dorosh
Ethiopian Strategy Support Program (ESSP-II)
International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis-Ababa
James Thurlow
International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington D.C.
Development Economics Research Group, University of Copenhagen
Ethiopian Economics Association Conference
Addis Ababa, 25 June 2009
2. Research questions
1. How much will poverty decline under Ethiopia’s current growth
path?
2. What is the growth and poverty impact of increasing yields and
productivity for different crops and livestock sub-sectors?
3. Which crops and agricultural sub-sectors are best at generating
national growth and/or poverty reduction?
• These are some of the key strategic questions asked by NEPAD as
Ethiopia’s prepares to join the Comprehensive African Agricultural
Development Program (CAADP)
2
3. Economywide model structure (1)
• Dynamic CGE model (2005-15)
• New 2005 EDRI SAM of Ethiopia
• 24 agricultural sectors
– Based on district crop and livestock data
– Calibrated to observed yields/land areas
– Regionalized (based on agro-zones)
• 14 upstream processing sectors
• 31 other nonagricultural sectors
• Detailed poor/non-poor households
– Based on 2005 income/expend. survey
– Rural farm (by land size, asset holding)
– Rural non-farm and urban
• Micro-simulation poverty module 3
4. Economywide model structure (2)
Factor market closure rules
• Regional land and livestock (mobile across agric. subsectors)
• National labor (mobile across sectors and regions)
– Five types: agricultural; unskilled; skilled technical; managers; professionals
• National capital (fixed by sector)
– Past investment creates new capital stocks (i.e., dynamic accumulation)
– New capital is allocated based on sector profit differentials
Macro closure rules
• Flexible exchange rate; fixed foreign capital inflows
• Fixed government spending plans; flexible fiscal deficit
• Fixed private savings rates; flexible investment (savings-driven inv.)
4
5. Baseline or ‘business-as-usual’ scenario
Agriculture
• Land cultivated for each crop follows medium-term trends: total
land cultivated increases 2.6% per year, 2009-2015
• Land growth varies across regions (i.e., 1.2% in rainfall-sufficient
areas, 3.2% in drought-prone areas, 3.7% in pastoralist areas)
• Crop yield increases account for one-third of production growth
• Overall agricultural GDP growth: 3.8% per year (pop growth = 3%)
Non-agriculture
• Based on historical medium-term trends (1998 onwards)
• Manufacturing and services: 8.2% per year
5
6. Accelerated agricultural growth scenario
We increase productivity (TFP) growth rates to achieve 2015
regional yield targets identified by the Ethiopia-CAADP team
Examples for selected crops
2.50
Accelerated yield growth target, 2015
Expected yields under baseline scenario, 2015
2.00
Current yields, 2005
Crop yield (mt/ha)
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Maize
Chat
Wheat
Tobacco
Sorghum
Flowers
Teff
Oilseeds
Cotton
Barley
Coffee
6
7. Model results: Economic growth Average growth rate (%)
Share in Base- All Non-
Growth and prices Total GDP
2005
100.00
line
5.95
agric.
6.88
agric.
8.50
• Achieving crop/livestock Agriculture 44.90 3.81 5.98 6.08
Cereals 13.49 5.18 7.53 7.79
yield targets raises agric. Pulses/ oils 3.83 3.34 3.77 3.73
growth from 3.8% to 6.0% Horticulture 2.45 3.84 4.26 4.32
• Particularly strong expansion Export crops
Other crops
4.50
3.66
4.54
3.79
7.20
3.97
7.20
3.78
of cereals, export crops and Livestock 12.94 2.88 6.02 6.14
livestock (high growth Relative price movements
potential) 1.075
1.050 Tobacco
Price index (baseline scenario = 100)
1.025
• However, higher production 1.000 Sorghum
Teff
0.975
reduces prices for fast- 0.950
Coffee
Maize
growing and/or market 0.925 Wheat
0.900
constrained products (e.g., 0.875
maize, wheat and livestock) 0.850
0.825 Poultry
Cattle
0.800
2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 7
8. Household income poverty
Model results: 40
Income poverty 40.0
National poverty headcount (%)
35
• Baseline reduces poverty rate 30
from 40% to 22.7%, but abs. 25
poor increases Baseline scenario
22.7
20
All agriculture scenario 18.4
• Faster agricultural growth 15 With non-agriculture scenario
further reduces the national 12.5
poverty rate to 18.4% (or 10
2005 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
3.7mil. fewer poor in 2015)
Regional poverty Final poverty rate, 2015
• Poverty reduction is broad- Initial, Base- All Non-
based (i.e., falls in all regions 2005 line agric. agric.
and urban areas) National 40.02 22.67 18.36 12.46
Rural regions 41.33 25.49 20.77 13.72
• Complementary RS highlands (1a) 38.19 20.71 17.35 12.12
nonagricultural growth reduces RS enset sys. (1b) 44.98 30.15 24.41 15.05
Drought-prone (2) 47.97 33.13 27.08 17.77
national poverty by as much as
Pastoralist (3) 27.70 16.10 10.19 6.12
agricultural growth
Small urban centers 33.95 8.57 6.41 5.18
Large urban centers 32.95 9.30 6.77 6.16
8
9. Model results:
Identifying priority sectors
%Poverty
• Poverty-growth elasticities show how PGE
effective growth led by different %GDP
agricultural subsectors is at reducing national poverty
• Cereals are most effective at reducing poverty,
especially in poorer regions Poverty growth elasticities for
growth led by different sectors
• Livestock is especially effective
Cereals Export- Live-
at reducing poverty in the crops stock
National -1.17 -1.08 -0.36
pastoralist region (although Rural regions -1.27 -1.13 -0.35
RS highlands (1a)
cereals is even more effective) -1.16 -1.03 -0.12
RS enset sys. (1b) -1.06 -1.44 -0.46
• Export crops are more effective Drought-prone (2) -1.48 -1.06 -0.42
Pastoralist (3) -1.94 -0.93 -1.50
at reducing Zone 1 poverty Small urban centers -0.62 -0.65 -0.42
Large urban centers -0.50 -0.92 9
-0.50
10. Conclusions
• Agricultural growth has significant poverty-reducing effects,
especially for the poorest households/regions
• Thus an Agriculture Development-Led Industrialization (ADLI)
strategy are sound approaches
• Complementary nonagricultural growth also significantly reduces
poverty by raising incomes and stimulating agricultural demand
• However faster agric. growth will cause national average real prices
of some products to fall (esp. wheat, maize and milk)
• If local marketing constraints are not resolved, localized market
gluts could occur, seriously reducing incentives for production
• Nonetheless, reduced prices of major staples helps reduce poverty
of net food purchasers
10
11. Next steps
• Investment costs of accelerating growth: Out study examined the
impact of alternative growth options, but we have not yet
compared the investment options/costs required to achieve this
growth (i.e., investment trade-offs)
• Improve estimates of model parameters: We need to strengthen
the econometric estimates for some of the remaining behavioral
parameters (e.g., income elasticities and production technologies)
• Climate change: EDRI and the University of Sussex will estimate the
economic costs of climate change and adaptation investments
(e.g., hydroelectric power etc)
11
12. Linking growth to poverty reduction
Economic growth Incomes and poverty
Wages,
rents, profits
Agriculture Factor markets Rural
Industry
Production
Commodity markets Consumption
Taxes Urban
Services Foreign trade
Foreign markets
and countries
Spending
Public sector or Taxes
government
Public investment
Productivity/technology Foreign Private
investment investment
Human/physical capital
12