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Implementing a home gateway with Linux - Firewall - Router - Proxy server - DNS caching server

The document discusses the setup and requirements for a network infrastructure, emphasizing components such as firewalls, routers, servers, and network cards. It outlines specifications for hardware and software needed for optimal performance, including storage and memory requirements. Additionally, it provides guidelines for connectivity and configuration to ensure stability and security in the network.

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2005-03-17 – ir. Geert Van Pamel, Belgacom HP-Interex - Club Activity !
"# $ %&&'( ) % *+ * , "--# . /( 0 1 ) , 0 . 2 3.4 5 . 6 "--7 %&&%81 ) + 9 9 9 1 * * ( 9 1 1
"# $ %&&'( ) : ; + ) ) "" . 3 ; < , "--# 0 1 ; $ + ) 3.= "-7'1 ( + ) %&&%1 ; "-7% >*?= @? "-7-1 = A >$ "-7B1 < , * BC = ? "--C1 ) %&&&1 ; * ( ! BC = ?9 =?9A >$ 9 9 = 9 .@ 1
"# $ %&&'( ) C / ) * $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + . " . % . : . C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + +0 $E ,
"# $ %&&'( ) ' 3 * . ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + " # # = = + ) A F) *
"# $ %&&'( ) B ( , ) % " * ) ) 5 + G * 8 # , F F"$%&"'(&($&)'' F"7#1":B1B71" $ ,F%''1%''1%''1%'' = A A A @= A*@ $= .* $ =F"*+) $ F" 5 ,- H * + 8 # , F3 < &&F"&FC(F'#F 3F(7 F"#&#&#&" ( F"&1%''1%''1%'' $ ,F%''1&1&1& = (@A* .* @= $= .* $ =F"*(( $ F" F' ( F& )C&& 5 !. H + 8 " , F3 < &&F'&F&CF%.F*3F## F"+)&"($&#&" ( F"-%1"B71&1%'' $ ,F%''1%''1%''1& = (@A* .* @= $= .* $ =F"*(( $ F" F"& ( F& 7&& Be sure to use 2 labeled network cards – allows to filter traffic based on interface $ "&1&1&1":7 3G
"# $ %&&'( ) # *+ + ; G , ) , ; G + % , ; G :% + ) , I ; $*. G < 5 ) * 8 ; $ 5 + 8 "&1 1 1 D7 2 * 4 "-%1"B71&1 D%C 2 * 4 ; * C ( )
"# $ %&&'( ) 7 * , @ + " . " . : . % . C , , J + J "&& . "& $+ D
"# $ %&&'( ) - < * , @ < + . " " . % % < , $ < + ) , + / $*.
"# $ %&&'( ) "& ,* 6 / + * + ) D +D* ) K *
"# $ %&&'( ) "" A @ ) $ . F FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D 1 3
"# $ %&&'( ) "% • Security needed • Fast & stable • HW & SW architecture • iptables firewall • router • name server • DNS caching server • Squid proxy server • NTP • DHCP • telnet • SSH • nmap • Samba disk server • FTP server • performance • private Apache server
"# $ %&&'( ) ": ; 5) 8 ; 5) 8 ; + , 5+ / !8 ; + , ; , ; / 5 / + 8 ; ) ) )) ; + ,) 9
"# $ %&&'( ) "C / + ; ) ; ) + ; ) ; ) ; ) ; + ; ) ; * , ; ) , ; /, ; 5 8 ; ) ) ; )) < / <
"# $ %&&'( ) "' $ modem & minihub crosses !! Use only normal straight LAN cables [no need for cross cables] software is mostly distributed via DVD CDROM, DVD reader 100 Mbit/s if possible 2 ethernet cards, minihub, fast ethernet modem, wireless router /hub 4 GB mimimum1 or more IDE disks (reuse 2 old disks: 1 GB system SW + swap & 3 GB for cache + /home disk) more is better100 MB memory 350 MHzIntel Pentium II CPU, or higher SpecificsNecessary Components
"# $ %&&'( ) "B A < . ; *) 9 , + 9 ; + (A ; + ; ) 6 ; * ; ,5 8 ) ) ) 9 * 5 6 ) 8 + ,<
"# $ %&&'( ) "# ) . + * + 2/ $ 4 6 . @ 2 :9 4 /0
"# $ %&&'( ) "7 = ?< L 5 ) ) 8 < 5 + 8 ? 2+ ) / ) 4 H )) ) , , ,5B&& $(8 A 2 4 2 4
"# $ %&&'( ) "- + ) + * I 6 ) * . , , , ,
"# $ %&&'( ) %& + < M ; ) ; ) )) )) ; * G ,* ; + ; ) 9 + ; @ + + , ; J 1 1 , K
"# $ %&&'( ) %" * < M C K ; %& + 9 ; + ) ) . F FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D D , 1 , F FDD 1 1+ B
"# $ %&&'( ) %% . ) )) ; ) )) ; 0 ) 2 1 1 4 5 1 1 A 3 8 ; 0 + 5 ) ) ,8 ; 2 4 / , ; , 9 ,) % ; , 9 ) + 2 ,4 ; N ; F + ( +
"# $ %&&'( ) %: + < + MM ! H) D D D K $ % %%FCCF'& , F 1 # A= G $*.G @.G$#&)##&)'&"*$ G"$%&)#"&2)&)'$ 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%C G%-"C# @A AG . G:""C 31(### < A<G:%&&& @3 G& && J =@ G& B&&& D D "" B&&&D ? O ?< * ,
"# $ %&&'( ) %C ) . /@ = A@<*@ *..3 @3P3. @A A *..3 @3P3.@A A , @ 6 )) + )0 4 . 5 3 . 5 3 ,
"# $ %&&'( ) %' + K , + + / / / > ; + F) 9 9 ; F = 9 A@<*@ 9A= = 9 @3@A= 9 A @A= ; F*..3 9@3P3. 9 @A 9 A ; ) ; ) + K + H ? ; J + 2 + )) 9 4
"# $ %&&'( ) %B + . + + "1%1B = F + 5* .8 ) 5 8 + 5@8 ) 5 8 + 5 8 + 5 E8 5 8 5 8 + 5 ?8 + 3 + 5 8 + 2 ) 4
"# $ %&&'( ) %# )) < + , )) 9 ; * )) ; ) 6 ; .$ )) ; = , ) , ; , 2) 4 ; )) 2 ) + + * 4
"# $ %&&'( ) %7 @ ) 6 ! 3 . = 2 *..3 4 @ ,, & '& = 6 !0 ! 77 # 2# 3 8 . @ ,, & '& = 2" ) 4 , + :C "'%7 @3P3. 9 0 "-7"' %"%5@3P3. 1+ + 1+ 0 + '7&&C "*, @A F :"&'C "'&-L @A FB:CBFB:': #%B' C%-L @A FB:CBFB:': "%%L"#$ A A "%&L"%, @A
"# $ %&&'( ) %- . 2 9+ G 4 + H @ ,, & '& = + H @ ,, & '& = H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H0 A K + H @ ,, & '& = H H B:CBFB:': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H H B:CBFB:': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H H ': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H "-'1":1"&17: H0@3P3. K + H @ ,, & '& = H H "": H0@3P3. K
"# $ %&&'( ) :& H )) Q< 9 R * )) ) * + = " 0*..3
"# $ %&&'( ) :" > ) K + ; , + Q R 6 !0 ! 77 # 2# 3 8 . @ ,, & '& = 2" ) 4 , + ; 77#L"&#$ *..3 ; #'%LC7$ . 3 " : :; :; ; '#$ '%< *..3 0 !.3 = 3. ! ; %BB:' 'B7BL*..3 &C%1 1+ 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; :C'-B 7CC:L*..3 &C"1 1+ 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; "%BL:C$ *..3 +1, 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; "&#B 7"##B *..3 9 F ; %%7&& "C%%L*..3 ; -"&" :"B"L*..3 9>? =0 3=. 5@ ?
"# $ %&&'( ) :% )) A )) ; 9 9 9 9) 9 ; , 9 9 ; A ; , > ; ; + , 9 ) ) ; $E ; + , + ; + + )) ) + /
"# $ %&&'( ) :: ( , K 9 K ; A )) !! ; !! $ 9 !! 6 !A/0B.0 8 . A@<*@ 2 *..3 & , 9& + 4 , + ; *..3 & ; *..3 " ; *..3 ; @3P3. C'1&1&1&D7 0 6 ; A A ; @3P3. 0 6 ; @A + A@<*@ + S K + A@<*@ :7 + @ A@<*@ :7 K
"# $ %&&'( ) :C * A / $ 2 4 + A@<*@ ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F : ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F
"# $ %&&'( ) :' * . %" I "&%CFB'':B ) 5) , 8 K ) + A@<*@ H , ; *..3 & F) ; *..3 " & '1 , 1+ F"&%CFB'':' ; *..3 " & B1 , 1+ F"&%CFB'':' ; * %& ) %"
"# $ %&&'( ) :B * , > K ! + A@<*@ ; *..3 & 1+++1 1+ F"-''# ; *..3 & 1+++1 1+
"# $ %&&'( ) :# $ @ . ''C9"#''9"7B: ; F + A@<*@ ; *..3 & 1, , 1+ F"#'' ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F"7B: . = ; @ + 6 ) .A 3. )) ; @A " FB:C7 FB:CBFB:':
"# $ %&&'( ) :7 * = + A@<*@ ; $ *) K *..3 " & 1 ) 1 F ; < E + ; @ + FE * @A & %1T +1 F
"# $ %&&'( ) :- $ / . '7# /--' ; $ 9 + A@<*@ ; *..3 " & BC1%::1"7'1"&- F + ; *..3 " & BC1%::1"7'1"&- F : " ( ) 9, 9 ) 2 $ T + 4
"# $ %&&'( ) C& , = BC&- ; * + > K 0 Q R + A@<*@ ; *..3 " & FBC&- > + K * + ,
"# $ %&&'( ) C" . $ ) $ . "7B: + A@<*@ H A "& ""F&'F'" , F G " A= G & @.G"-%1"B71&1"& G%&#1CB1"&C1%& 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G#B'B @A AG . G"B77 G"7B: < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& %&#1CB1"&C1%& %&1"&C1CB1%&#1 1 & & 1 + @ A@<*@ " " H 1 1 "$(' 0*..3 + %C7 :C"'% *..3 " F"$('
"# $ %&&'( ) C% . ) * 3 $ ; , + M ; < ) * $ ; ) ++ K ; )) ) $ET + K ; + A@<*@ " & "&1&1&1":7 7& 0*..3
"# $ %&&'( ) C: * ) < ; *..3 & "-C1#71""%1"& F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1-: F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1B& F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%':1"%C F ; *..3 & BC1C1%"1-% F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1%- F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%':1"'B F ; *..3 & BC1C1%"1-% F ; *..3 & BC1C1%:1"77 F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%C-1%' F ; *..3 & %"%1%:1'-1"' F ; *..3 & %"%1%:1'-1": F ; *..3 & BC1C1%:1B" F
"# $ %&&'( ) CC , ; * , "-%1"B71&1" "7#1":B1B71" "-%1"B71&1%&% "7#1":B1B71%:: G % ; ) ; ; + ;
"# $ %&&'( ) C' * * @ + C )) !! "-%1"B7 * , MM 3 !! P " + , K , + ) D / K 6 C / 30/ 3 < C # ,. D 0. 6 ! / 30/ 3 < C8 #%"L C:$ $* U=3@* 3 &
"# $ %&&'( ) CB 3 + ) @ D D 1 K VW"V 4 " N D D D D CD X) ) & D + D 1 D Y4 WV= FW& Z S S S [V "
"# $ %&&'( ) C# , K , + , + ) D D ) + + %&&'&:&% D + D 1 D + D D ) D + F AL 8 D D D K $ % %%FC'F%- + F D D ) D +
"# $ %&&'( ) C7 . ) M ; + ) ; ) ) ; 9 )) 9 + ) ; ) D D ) D + ) D D + D D ) D D + D 1 D +
"# $ %&&'( ) C- . , ) ; + ) ; A ) ) , ) ; + + 6 5 9 ) 8 ; FDD 1+ 1+ D
"# $ %&&'( ) '& ) * + ) + * I 6
"# $ %&&'( ) '" G < M ; + ; + , ) + ; + ; , ; ) ) = H ) 2 ) 4 ; $ + 6
"# $ %&&'( ) '% 6 D D@ D@ $ D+ -1%1" -1 :7B1 F ( 2( , 4 ) 2 4 1 ( 2 49 + 2 ) ) 4 ) ) 1 ) F D D@ D@ $ D6 +&)&" +& '$(&
"# $ %&&'( ) ': . ) D D 1 ) K Z VD D DV 6 Z [ ': Z"-%1"B71&1""&1&1&1"[ ) Z "-'1%:71%1%" "-'1%:71%1%% "-:1"%"1"#"1":' [ + , Z"-%1"B71&1:"[ T [
"# $ %&&'( ) 'C J T D D 1 ) T V&1&1"%#1 1 V Z ) V&1&1"%#1 1 1T V [ T V&1"B71"-%1 1 V Z ) V&1"B71"-%1 1 1T V [ T V V Z ) V 1T V [ T V 1 V Z ) V 1 1T V [
"# $ %&&'( ) '' J , M ) D D 1 ) T V+V Z ) V+1T V [
"# $ %&&'( ) 'B K + T D D D+1T W 7BC&& ] A* ] 1 2 C %77&& ) #%&& B&C7&& 7BC&& 4 ] "-%1"B71&1" ; 6 : . "+)&"($&#&" * "-%1"B71&1"
"# $ %&&'( ) '# + @ 1 ) D + D 1 D ) ) " ) % ) : D + D 1 D
"# $ %&&'( ) '7 + K + ) T F7 6 8 9" ) F& ) ) F& 6 F& 6 A K ) D D D 1 O ) D D D D D 1 D D D 1 K III III 2""&-"&:-%B4 "#7%C: ) & :%B' #C:C& "--%#& ) C:C&-
"# $ %&&'( ) '- ) ) ) K D + D 1 D F ) F ) D + D 1 D F 5 AL 8 ) S %:C-# %::#7 & "#F"B D: &&F&&F&& D D D A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-"8F ( -1%1" % A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-"8F " . = A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F ) ) ^D D 1 )^ A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8FD D 1 F":F ^^ + ) ^[^ A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F ) F) A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F 2 ) 4 A - "#F"BF&" F D D 1 111 5 8 Z"-%1"B71&1&D%C"&1&1&1&D7[ 5 8 Z"-%1"B71&1&D%C"&1&1&1&D7[
"# $ %&&'( ) B& D D@ D@ $ D #1% C1 1
"# $ %&&'( ) B" = D D 1 ) K 1 "-%1"B71&1" D D ) D , D ) ) & K 33@ G A D D 1 ) ) *
"# $ %&&'( ) B% ) * + ) + * I 6
"# $ %&&'( ) B: 6 < M ; ) ) < + ; = ; ) 9 ) ; ) + + 2 4 6 111 H ) 9 9 =@ H ) H H H H $ H ) , 2 Q R4
"# $ %&&'( ) BC 6 6 D D@ D@ $ D 6 %1C1 *( 3# C1 :7B1 F 6 ) ) < + 9 9 9 +0 1 = , ) 9 6 6 9 + , 9DA 1 6 , +0 @*$9 , 9 + , , 9 ) ) 6 1 6 ) 6 9 , 2 49 ) 2) 49 1 D D@ D@ $ D 6 %1C1 *( 3# C1 :7B1
"# $ %&&'( ) B' . ) > 9 D D 6 D 6 1 ) K X 7& X & X %& $( X +0 X T 7"-% L( X +0 X TX X %&C7 L( )6 X T "&%C X X X X X , D D D 6 %'&& "B "%7 X X X "-%1"B71&1" + X 6 X 1 1 X 1 1 ) X) )) TX > X6 X ))
"# $ %&&'( ) BB ) ) X X )) D D D 6 D 1 """#"#+%')&'"# :## "+)&"($&#&"# 3 E0 A0 E, D%&& "&&7: 3 FDD 1 1 D D 1 0/ 0/ E .0 3@$#&)##&)*$&)#( D X X D D D 6 D 1 "+)&"($&#&"# 5")@, @)##29#"9"#9'# F#"##8 V 3 FDD ,16 1 D)6D D6 1 M + GI 3?F .A$ ?I** I ?@I* (3I$ D"1&V %&& "-B% 3 E, 9 0 3
"# $ %&&'( ) B# * ) ) X 7& O ) X %" O ) ) X CC: 'B: O 9 ) X %&%& O ( A @ ) X %&&% O ) X 7&CC O ) X 7&7& O + ) X 7&7" O O 6 , X ! ) X
"# $ %&&'( ) B7 * .A 3. X CC: 'B: X "7B: O $ ) $ X B:CB B:': O X .A 3. X X .A 3.
"# $ %&&'( ) B- + 1 + 1+ X X VD D 6 D 1 V X X :& &6 :"%7 :":& 6 ) X X 1 1+ 1 1+ O 7: X 7&1%&&1%C71"-- 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&& 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&" 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&% 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&: 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&C 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&' 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&B 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&# 7&7& # 6 +
"# $ %&&'( ) #& . X 1 1+ :"%7 :":& 6 ) E G& G&6 H X X 1 1+ *. =@ !!
"# $ %&&'( ) #" / )) ) 9 !! X 1 1 X "-%1"B71&1&D%C X
"# $ %&&'( ) #% 6 G I ) A <J <J ) K K J ) F ; D ; D ; =@ ; , ; ; F 9 ; F 3 9 A 9 3* 9.A 3. ; / ; + ;
"# $ %&&'( ) #: @ . ) !! ! "%#1&1&1"D%''1%''1%''1%'' "-%1"B71&1&D%C X !
"# $ %&&'( ) #C . K + + , VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D 6 7 1 V X ; + , ) X + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , *
"# $ %&&'( ) #' ( ) ) ; 3 )) + ) ; 3F Q FKR + ; $ T ) 0 D) D H + ! ; 8 @ @ @ @ E K _ GVP V GV D0 VN _! 1 GV V I 1 DD1 DD N _D N _ N_ N_! + +
"# $ %&&'( ) #B ( , + K ) 0 D D 6 D+ , 1 K BC1%''1"B&1&D"- BC1'#1BC1&D"- BC1#1"-%1&D"- BB1""'1"%71&D"7 BB1"'%1BC1&D"- BB1%:&1"%71&D"7 * ) K , + K + + K = * "'"1"7-1C:1&D%C %&-1C#1%71&D%C %"%1#-1%C:1&D%C %":17C1":C1&D%C %"B1"-:1%&#1&D%C %"B1%%B1"C#1&D%C %"#1%%1BC1&D%C BC1"'-1#"1&D%C BC1%''1"B"1&D%C BB1%71"#B1&D%C BB1''1"%71&D%C BB1%%71%&'1&D%C BB1%'&1%%:1&D%C BB1C&1-1&D%C B-1'1#-1&D%C B-1-&1B:1&D%C 7"1%:1%%#1&D%C 7"1C1#B1&D%C "CB17%1%&&1&D%" %&71C71C1"%7D%B %"%1%C%1C&1&D%" %":1":%1"-%1&D%" %":1":B1%B1&D%B %":1"7B1C&1&D%" %"B1"'71&1&D%' %"B1%:C1"7-1:%D%# %"#1%%1'71""%D%7 %"#1%%1'71"BD%7 %"#1%%1B:1"B&D%- B%1%"%1##1"%7D%' B%1%"%17&1"%7D%' BC1"'-1B#1"%7D%' BC1#"1":-1"B&D%# BB1%71"-%1&D%% BB1:#1""%1&D%& BB1%'C1-71%%CD%# B-1:"1:%1&D%" B-1:"1":%1&D%% 7&1#C1"C%1"%7D%'
"# $ %&&'( ) ## ( , K ) * 9 / 8 @ @ @6 7 & K ` a1 ` a1 ` ) a1 ` a1 ` "a1 ` a1 ` a1 a1 a1 W ` a1 ` a1 ` a1 ` Ba1 ` , a1 1 1 a1 + a1 W a1 a1+ W B 1 1 a1+ a1+ W a1 + ,a1 W a1 a1+ W ` a1 a1 +a111W a1 +a1111W a1 + a1 W ` a1 a1 W ` a1 a1 W a1 a1111W a1 a1 W a1 + a1 W
"# $ %&&'( ) #7 ( , K .A$ ) M 8 @ @ @6 7 & K a1 5 82aM1Y4MW a1+ 5 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 + 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5) 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 ,2aM1Y4MW a1 5 + T82aM1Y4M a1 5 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5 8)2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5) 82aM1Y4MW a1 5+82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 +25 84M2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5 T82aM1Y4MW a1 5 ) 82aM1Y4MW D a1112aM1Y4MW D a11112aM1Y4MW D a11112aM1Y4MW D a111112aM1Y4MW
"# $ %&&'( ) #- ( ,L K + Q R 8 @ @ @6 7 & K 5`,8 5`,8 + + + + + + 5` 8 ) , aI , + ) 5` 8 , + + , ,
"# $ %&&'( ) 7& * ) !! $ + + , , 2 1 1 4 D D 6 D 6 7 1 ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1+ D+ , D ` FDD a1+ a1+ D ` FDD a1 TT+ a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D
"# $ %&&'( ) 7" ( , / X ! 3 A X ! ; + X
"# $ %&&'( ) 7% . , 6 ) /3 *) 9 D + D 1 D 6 + / + ) D D D 6 D 1 ) D D D 6 D 1
"# $ %&&'( ) 7: A ) ) K + 6 ) + , + A@<*@ ) + , )) ( "-%1"B71&1"F7& D D D K A : ""F&CFC" , F G " A= G & @.G"-%1"B71&1"& G"-'1%:71"1"B- 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# GC-:" @A AG . G"%C% G7& < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& A : ""F&"F': , F 1 "/ 31 # @.G"+)&"($&#&"# 31"+2&)'$&'&)"+ 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G:%7- @A AG . G""77 31$# < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G&
"# $ %&&'( ) 7C V V ) ) + , D ; A $ ) MM ; ) D D D ; 111 ; A C %"F"%F'& , F G " A= G & 0 1"+)&"($&#&"# 31)#%&*(&"'*&+) 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G%B&' @A AG . G"""& G7& < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& ; ( , + ) ; < K ; + ,
"# $ %&&'( ) 7' = K ; @ @ ; D D +D 6 D D ; " %- %B %"F:- N D D +D 6 D D3 ; " %B&-# * %# %&&% +1 ; " B-"% * %# %&&% 1 ) ; " B-"% * %# %&&% 1 )1 ) ; " -"BCB %# "BF": 6 1 ) ; " -""&# * %# %&&% 6 1 )1 ) ; I @ @ 6@ @ @ ; I @ @ 6@ @ @A ; @ 6 @ & @
"# $ %&&'( ) 7B . , ( K ; ) ) , ) + ; + FDD 1 + 1+ F7&7&D+ ,D * ) ,F 0 = P 3 "1C1%X&B 1 + ) FDD0 1 1 D0% D"1C1%D 1
"# $ %&&'( ) 7# . M J ! ; ) MM ; * ) ; ; )) ) ; +
"# $ %&&'( ) 77 * / ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + ." .% .: .C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + $E
"# $ %&&'( ) 7- A ) ; . ; ; ; ; ; ; + ; *
"# $ %&&'( ) -& . . ) D D 1 ) + "-%1"B71&1& ,%''1%''1%''1& Z "-%1"B71&1:% "-%1"B71&1%'C ) 7BC&&& 7BC&&&& + ,%''1%''1%''1& + "-%1"B71&1%'' "-%1"B71&1" "-%1"B71&1" V 1 V N + @ ) ) ) / J , +
"# $ %&&'( ) -" . 3 ) D D D K $ ' ""F%CF:& F . .A>3@) &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . A 3@ "-%1"B71&1%"B &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . @3U=3 ) "-%1"B71&1%"B 2"-%1"B71&1"4 ) &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . *.L "-%1"B71&1%"B ##9##9##9##9##9## " + $*.
"# $ %&&'( ) -% . ) , . ; . + ) ; + ; 9 , ,9 9 9 9 9 $ 9 1 ; ) ; , .
"# $ %&&'( ) -: * , G : " % : C " % : C G % * G C " * , . +
"# $ %&&'( ) -C $ remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *holem.belnet.be ntp1.belnet.be 2 u 935 1024 377 8.454 8.161 4.213 +ntp.scarlet.be ntp-p1.obspm.fr 2 u 917 1024 377 10.215 10.223 0.842 -ntp1.belbone.be ntp0.belbone.be 2 u 991 1024 377 11.592 -3.338 3.493 +ntp.charon.tele ntp3-rz.rrze.un 2 u 972 1024 377 12.052 4.607 1.094 LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 10 l 27 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.008 remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *193.190.198.10 193.190.198.43 2 u 948 1024 377 8.454 8.161 4.213 +193.74.71.200 145.238.110.49 2 u 930 1024 377 10.215 10.223 0.842 -195.13.23.5 195.13.23.250 2 u 1003 1024 377 11.592 -3.338 3.493 +195.130.132.18 131.188.3.223 2 u 984 1024 377 12.052 4.607 1.094 127.127.1.0 127.127.1.0 10 l 39 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.008 & 7: &6 1 , 1+ ) "1+ + 1+ 1 "1+ + 1+ "-'1":1%:1'
"# $ %&&'( ) -' 8 @ @ & O @ "-:1"-&1"-71"& "-:1"-&1"-71"& ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-:1#C1#"1%&& "-:1#C1#"1%&& ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-'1":1%:1' "-'1":1%:1' ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-'1":&1":%1"7 "-'1":&1":%1"7 ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : O + ) ) =
"# $ %&&'( ) -B O * O ( ))*&#&"&" ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) O * "+)&"($&#&# ,%''1%''1%''1& ) "#&#&#&# ,%''1&1&1& ) D + D 1 D
"# $ %&&'( ) -# . ) $ "% "%F"%F%C .3 %&&' 1 1 O ) "-%1"B71&1" O ) + "% $ ""F"%F:B 5:-C8F "-%1"B71&1" )) :'-71BB%7': $ "% ""F"%FC& .3 %&&' O 1 , 1+
"# $ %&&'( ) -7 . D D 61 ) 6H remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *192.168.0.1 193.190.198.10 3 u 9 64 77 0.682 -2.424 0.605 LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 10 l 20 64 77 0.000 0.000 0.002 @ , : : 2 C4 % " !!
"# $ %&&'( ) -- @ ) K 0 K ; ) D + D 1 D 6 D + D 1 D 6 D D ) D , D ) ) ) & = + 2% + H + M4 ; D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D + D 1 D 6 D + D 1 D 6 . ) .
"# $ %&&'( ) "&& A ) ; H ; . + . = ; . ) J
"# $ %&&'( ) "&" . >1 :1&& 2 1 1 D D 4 1 1+ 2"-%1"B71&1"4F 2 "'-C + + F 4 %"D ) %:D ':D 7&D 2 ) 6 4 """D ":-D + %&&%D + 2 * 4 " 2" 4 C
"# $ %&&'( ) "&% = = >1 :1&& 2 1 1 D D 4 1 1+ 2"-%1"B71&1"4F 2 "CB% + + F 4 ':D B#D """D "%:D ":#D + ":7D + " 2" 4 B
"# $ %&&'( ) "&: , * @ F ; = ( ) , 2 ) . =9 + 9< 9 ,4 ; + 2 ) + 4 ; +9 D I ) ; 2 4 2 4 + ; ; ,
"# $ %&&'( ) "&C * K , @ * ) + ) * @ ) + : K +H K & ' YYYb D+ D X %ND D D + D 1 D D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D + D 1 D
"# $ %&&'( ) "&' $ = T ) ) J 9 A ! FaN " ) "C:7 1 , 1+ 1 , 1+ 57&1%&&1%C71"--8 "C:7 + ) F @ ) 7&1%&&1%C71"--F+ G"C:7 GC% G"%C ) 7&1%&&1%C71"--F , F G "9@ G "9 G & 2&c 49 * F $ G C% 9$ G C% 9* G C% "C:7 I %7 G "*((+ $ = .$ Q ) R , ) ) & "CBB ) ) " "CBB D D ) D , ) ) & ) ) " K $ =G"CBB
"# $ %&&'( ) "&B ) . 8 : ; )*@% 8 6 J ; J , + , ; = ; @ M -F%: 7B 9%:F''9% 9 F"1%79"1:"9"1%: B' FB& 9' 9& T + 9& . = F 2&%K ='&'K : 9+#&+K 9&1&c $ F ###&&L 9 #BB&&L 9 ""&&L) 9 &L 9 #B&L+ )) F :-#BC&L 9 #--&&L 9:"##C&L) BC&7L = 3@ @ E3 @ *@3 * K c$3$ $3.A$$* %"#&" :- "- "CCC& "%$ BB& @ ++&+"B1# "7'77 1D ":#'C "' & "&B7 "&B7 7:B @ '1# "1: &F&& %"&-% 6 "' & '#CC& :-$ C&C#% @ :1% '%1' %'#F%& 2 6 4 "::&: "' & CCC C&7 :-% @ "1B &1' CF": D D + D ":BC' "' & :BC %'% %'% @ &1& &1: &F&& 1 F"-%1"
"# $ %&&'( ) "&# J < + M K + * @3@A= "&1&1&1" 7& 0 * "-%1"B71&1:&F7& + . @3@A= 2 *..3 %-C&L , 9BC:$ + 4 , + "B%% ##77& * Y Y &1&1&1&D& "&1&1&1" F7& F"-%1"B71&1:&F7&
"# $ %&&'( ) "&7 * / ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + ." .% .: .C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + $E
"# $ %&&'( ) "&- J + , !! , ) ; FDD 1 1+ ; FDD 1 , + 1+ ; + ] 1+ ; FDD 1+ + 1 D ; ]+ 1 ; FDD 1+ 1 D 1 1 ; 1 1 ]+ 1
"# $ %&&'( ) ""& *++ ; *@ H * @ ; . H . ) ; $EH $ T E 2 ,T + ) + ) 4 ; H ; H ; * H ,* ; H , ; A H A)) ; $ H $ ; $ H ,$ ; . H . ; = H = ; <3 H < 36
"# $ %&&'( ) """ < M ; ) ; ; + ) ; ) + ; + ) ; + + ) ; + + < ? . ; K
"# $ %&&'( ) ""% * ) ; ) 9 9 + , 2+ 4 * ) ) + 2M4 J 2 4 + = ? + ) 2 ) 9 9 ) 9 + ) 4 + + 2+ 4 ; J M
"# $ %&&'( ) "": *+ ; :9 + ) 1 * 0 ! , 1 ) ) + 1 ; ) + + , 6 ) 1 + , )) 1 ; : ) ; 6 ) ) 6 ) 1 $ ) 6 ; 9 + 1 )) 0! 6 7 + 1 . + , ) 8 )) ) + 1 ; 8 + . 1 J ) 8 1 * + 6 7 8 1 3 8 + ) 1 ; < + 2 4 + 1 $ ) "" 1 + + 9 9 ) 9 9 6 :1
"# $ %&&'( ) ""C @ ) $ T /( , / ; . ) / > 9 FDD 1 1 1 ; $ T 1 '&9P %&&' FDD 1 T 1
"# $ %&&'( ) ""' @ ) ; FDD 1 1 ; FDD 1 1 D D D D@ 71& $ D ; FDD 1 6 1 ; FDD 6 1 ) 1 D D+ ,) 1 O*3 "B7' ; FDD 1 6 1 D *UD *U "&1 ; FDD 1+ -1 D ; FDD 1 1 D D . ; FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D 1 ; FDD 1 1 1+ , 1 D D ) 61
"# $ %&&'( ) ""B A K * ) ) +0 ; FDD 1 1+

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Implementing a home gateway with Linux - Firewall - Router - Proxy server - DNS caching server

  • 1.
    2005-03-17 – ir.Geert Van Pamel, Belgacom HP-Interex - Club Activity !
  • 2.
    "# $ %&&'() % *+ * , "--# . /( 0 1 ) , 0 . 2 3.4 5 . 6 "--7 %&&%81 ) + 9 9 9 1 * * ( 9 1 1
  • 3.
    "# $ %&&'() : ; + ) ) "" . 3 ; < , "--# 0 1 ; $ + ) 3.= "-7'1 ( + ) %&&%1 ; "-7% >*?= @? "-7-1 = A >$ "-7B1 < , * BC = ? "--C1 ) %&&&1 ; * ( ! BC = ?9 =?9A >$ 9 9 = 9 .@ 1
  • 4.
    "# $ %&&'() C / ) * $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + . " . % . : . C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + +0 $E ,
  • 5.
    "# $ %&&'() ' 3 * . ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + " # # = = + ) A F) *
  • 6.
    "# $ %&&'() B ( , ) % " * ) ) 5 + G * 8 # , F F"$%&"'(&($&)'' F"7#1":B1B71" $ ,F%''1%''1%''1%'' = A A A @= A*@ $= .* $ =F"*+) $ F" 5 ,- H * + 8 # , F3 < &&F"&FC(F'#F 3F(7 F"#&#&#&" ( F"&1%''1%''1%'' $ ,F%''1&1&1& = (@A* .* @= $= .* $ =F"*(( $ F" F' ( F& )C&& 5 !. H + 8 " , F3 < &&F'&F&CF%.F*3F## F"+)&"($&#&" ( F"-%1"B71&1%'' $ ,F%''1%''1%''1& = (@A* .* @= $= .* $ =F"*(( $ F" F"& ( F& 7&& Be sure to use 2 labeled network cards – allows to filter traffic based on interface $ "&1&1&1":7 3G
  • 7.
    "# $ %&&'() # *+ + ; G , ) , ; G + % , ; G :% + ) , I ; $*. G < 5 ) * 8 ; $ 5 + 8 "&1 1 1 D7 2 * 4 "-%1"B71&1 D%C 2 * 4 ; * C ( )
  • 8.
    "# $ %&&'() 7 * , @ + " . " . : . % . C , , J + J "&& . "& $+ D
  • 9.
    "# $ %&&'() - < * , @ < + . " " . % % < , $ < + ) , + / $*.
  • 10.
    "# $ %&&'() "& ,* 6 / + * + ) D +D* ) K *
  • 11.
    "# $ %&&'() "" A @ ) $ . F FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D 1 3
  • 12.
    "# $ %&&'() "% • Security needed • Fast & stable • HW & SW architecture • iptables firewall • router • name server • DNS caching server • Squid proxy server • NTP • DHCP • telnet • SSH • nmap • Samba disk server • FTP server • performance • private Apache server
  • 13.
    "# $ %&&'() ": ; 5) 8 ; 5) 8 ; + , 5+ / !8 ; + , ; , ; / 5 / + 8 ; ) ) )) ; + ,) 9
  • 14.
    "# $ %&&'() "C / + ; ) ; ) + ; ) ; ) ; ) ; + ; ) ; * , ; ) , ; /, ; 5 8 ; ) ) ; )) < / <
  • 15.
    "# $ %&&'() "' $ modem & minihub crosses !! Use only normal straight LAN cables [no need for cross cables] software is mostly distributed via DVD CDROM, DVD reader 100 Mbit/s if possible 2 ethernet cards, minihub, fast ethernet modem, wireless router /hub 4 GB mimimum1 or more IDE disks (reuse 2 old disks: 1 GB system SW + swap & 3 GB for cache + /home disk) more is better100 MB memory 350 MHzIntel Pentium II CPU, or higher SpecificsNecessary Components
  • 16.
    "# $ %&&'() "B A < . ; *) 9 , + 9 ; + (A ; + ; ) 6 ; * ; ,5 8 ) ) ) 9 * 5 6 ) 8 + ,<
  • 17.
    "# $ %&&'() "# ) . + * + 2/ $ 4 6 . @ 2 :9 4 /0
  • 18.
    "# $ %&&'() "7 = ?< L 5 ) ) 8 < 5 + 8 ? 2+ ) / ) 4 H )) ) , , ,5B&& $(8 A 2 4 2 4
  • 19.
    "# $ %&&'() "- + ) + * I 6 ) * . , , , ,
  • 20.
    "# $ %&&'() %& + < M ; ) ; ) )) )) ; * G ,* ; + ; ) 9 + ; @ + + , ; J 1 1 , K
  • 21.
    "# $ %&&'() %" * < M C K ; %& + 9 ; + ) ) . F FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D D , 1 , F FDD 1 1+ B
  • 22.
    "# $ %&&'() %% . ) )) ; ) )) ; 0 ) 2 1 1 4 5 1 1 A 3 8 ; 0 + 5 ) ) ,8 ; 2 4 / , ; , 9 ,) % ; , 9 ) + 2 ,4 ; N ; F + ( +
  • 23.
    "# $ %&&'() %: + < + MM ! H) D D D K $ % %%FCCF'& , F 1 # A= G $*.G @.G$#&)##&)'&"*$ G"$%&)#"&2)&)'$ 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%C G%-"C# @A AG . G:""C 31(### < A<G:%&&& @3 G& && J =@ G& B&&& D D "" B&&&D ? O ?< * ,
  • 24.
    "# $ %&&'() %C ) . /@ = A@<*@ *..3 @3P3. @A A *..3 @3P3.@A A , @ 6 )) + )0 4 . 5 3 . 5 3 ,
  • 25.
    "# $ %&&'() %' + K , + + / / / > ; + F) 9 9 ; F = 9 A@<*@ 9A= = 9 @3@A= 9 A @A= ; F*..3 9@3P3. 9 @A 9 A ; ) ; ) + K + H ? ; J + 2 + )) 9 4
  • 26.
    "# $ %&&'() %B + . + + "1%1B = F + 5* .8 ) 5 8 + 5@8 ) 5 8 + 5 8 + 5 E8 5 8 5 8 + 5 ?8 + 3 + 5 8 + 2 ) 4
  • 27.
    "# $ %&&'() %# )) < + , )) 9 ; * )) ; ) 6 ; .$ )) ; = , ) , ; , 2) 4 ; )) 2 ) + + * 4
  • 28.
    "# $ %&&'() %7 @ ) 6 ! 3 . = 2 *..3 4 @ ,, & '& = 6 !0 ! 77 # 2# 3 8 . @ ,, & '& = 2" ) 4 , + :C "'%7 @3P3. 9 0 "-7"' %"%5@3P3. 1+ + 1+ 0 + '7&&C "*, @A F :"&'C "'&-L @A FB:CBFB:': #%B' C%-L @A FB:CBFB:': "%%L"#$ A A "%&L"%, @A
  • 29.
    "# $ %&&'() %- . 2 9+ G 4 + H @ ,, & '& = + H @ ,, & '& = H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H0 A K + H @ ,, & '& = H H B:CBFB:': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H H B:CBFB:': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H H ': H0 @A + H @ ,, & '& = H "-'1":1"&17: H0@3P3. K + H @ ,, & '& = H H "": H0@3P3. K
  • 30.
    "# $ %&&'() :& H )) Q< 9 R * )) ) * + = " 0*..3
  • 31.
    "# $ %&&'() :" > ) K + ; , + Q R 6 !0 ! 77 # 2# 3 8 . @ ,, & '& = 2" ) 4 , + ; 77#L"&#$ *..3 ; #'%LC7$ . 3 " : :; :; ; '#$ '%< *..3 0 !.3 = 3. ! ; %BB:' 'B7BL*..3 &C%1 1+ 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; :C'-B 7CC:L*..3 &C"1 1+ 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; "%BL:C$ *..3 +1, 1+ 9 F"&%'FB'':' ; "&#B 7"##B *..3 9 F ; %%7&& "C%%L*..3 ; -"&" :"B"L*..3 9>? =0 3=. 5@ ?
  • 32.
    "# $ %&&'() :% )) A )) ; 9 9 9 9) 9 ; , 9 9 ; A ; , > ; ; + , 9 ) ) ; $E ; + , + ; + + )) ) + /
  • 33.
    "# $ %&&'() :: ( , K 9 K ; A )) !! ; !! $ 9 !! 6 !A/0B.0 8 . A@<*@ 2 *..3 & , 9& + 4 , + ; *..3 & ; *..3 " ; *..3 ; @3P3. C'1&1&1&D7 0 6 ; A A ; @3P3. 0 6 ; @A + A@<*@ + S K + A@<*@ :7 + @ A@<*@ :7 K
  • 34.
    "# $ %&&'() :C * A / $ 2 4 + A@<*@ ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F : ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F
  • 35.
    "# $ %&&'() :' * . %" I "&%CFB'':B ) 5) , 8 K ) + A@<*@ H , ; *..3 & F) ; *..3 " & '1 , 1+ F"&%CFB'':' ; *..3 " & B1 , 1+ F"&%CFB'':' ; * %& ) %"
  • 36.
    "# $ %&&'() :B * , > K ! + A@<*@ ; *..3 & 1+++1 1+ F"-''# ; *..3 & 1+++1 1+
  • 37.
    "# $ %&&'() :# $ @ . ''C9"#''9"7B: ; F + A@<*@ ; *..3 & 1, , 1+ F"#'' ; *..3 & F ; *..3 & F"7B: . = ; @ + 6 ) .A 3. )) ; @A " FB:C7 FB:CBFB:':
  • 38.
    "# $ %&&'() :7 * = + A@<*@ ; $ *) K *..3 " & 1 ) 1 F ; < E + ; @ + FE * @A & %1T +1 F
  • 39.
    "# $ %&&'() :- $ / . '7# /--' ; $ 9 + A@<*@ ; *..3 " & BC1%::1"7'1"&- F + ; *..3 " & BC1%::1"7'1"&- F : " ( ) 9, 9 ) 2 $ T + 4
  • 40.
    "# $ %&&'() C& , = BC&- ; * + > K 0 Q R + A@<*@ ; *..3 " & FBC&- > + K * + ,
  • 41.
    "# $ %&&'() C" . $ ) $ . "7B: + A@<*@ H A "& ""F&'F'" , F G " A= G & @.G"-%1"B71&1"& G%&#1CB1"&C1%& 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G#B'B @A AG . G"B77 G"7B: < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& %&#1CB1"&C1%& %&1"&C1CB1%&#1 1 & & 1 + @ A@<*@ " " H 1 1 "$(' 0*..3 + %C7 :C"'% *..3 " F"$('
  • 42.
    "# $ %&&'() C% . ) * 3 $ ; , + M ; < ) * $ ; ) ++ K ; )) ) $ET + K ; + A@<*@ " & "&1&1&1":7 7& 0*..3
  • 43.
    "# $ %&&'() C: * ) < ; *..3 & "-C1#71""%1"& F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1-: F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1B& F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%':1"%C F ; *..3 & BC1C1%"1-% F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1"'#1%- F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%':1"'B F ; *..3 & BC1C1%"1-% F ; *..3 & BC1C1%:1"77 F ; *..3 & %&#1CB1%C-1%' F ; *..3 & %"%1%:1'-1"' F ; *..3 & %"%1%:1'-1": F ; *..3 & BC1C1%:1B" F
  • 44.
    "# $ %&&'() CC , ; * , "-%1"B71&1" "7#1":B1B71" "-%1"B71&1%&% "7#1":B1B71%:: G % ; ) ; ; + ;
  • 45.
    "# $ %&&'() C' * * @ + C )) !! "-%1"B7 * , MM 3 !! P " + , K , + ) D / K 6 C / 30/ 3 < C # ,. D 0. 6 ! / 30/ 3 < C8 #%"L C:$ $* U=3@* 3 &
  • 46.
    "# $ %&&'() CB 3 + ) @ D D 1 K VW"V 4 " N D D D D CD X) ) & D + D 1 D Y4 WV= FW& Z S S S [V "
  • 47.
    "# $ %&&'() C# , K , + , + ) D D ) + + %&&'&:&% D + D 1 D + D D ) D + F AL 8 D D D K $ % %%FC'F%- + F D D ) D +
  • 48.
    "# $ %&&'() C7 . ) M ; + ) ; ) ) ; 9 )) 9 + ) ; ) D D ) D + ) D D + D D ) D D + D 1 D +
  • 49.
    "# $ %&&'() C- . , ) ; + ) ; A ) ) , ) ; + + 6 5 9 ) 8 ; FDD 1+ 1+ D
  • 50.
    "# $ %&&'() '& ) * + ) + * I 6
  • 51.
    "# $ %&&'() '" G < M ; + ; + , ) + ; + ; , ; ) ) = H ) 2 ) 4 ; $ + 6
  • 52.
    "# $ %&&'() '% 6 D D@ D@ $ D+ -1%1" -1 :7B1 F ( 2( , 4 ) 2 4 1 ( 2 49 + 2 ) ) 4 ) ) 1 ) F D D@ D@ $ D6 +&)&" +& '$(&
  • 53.
    "# $ %&&'() ': . ) D D 1 ) K Z VD D DV 6 Z [ ': Z"-%1"B71&1""&1&1&1"[ ) Z "-'1%:71%1%" "-'1%:71%1%% "-:1"%"1"#"1":' [ + , Z"-%1"B71&1:"[ T [
  • 54.
    "# $ %&&'() 'C J T D D 1 ) T V&1&1"%#1 1 V Z ) V&1&1"%#1 1 1T V [ T V&1"B71"-%1 1 V Z ) V&1"B71"-%1 1 1T V [ T V V Z ) V 1T V [ T V 1 V Z ) V 1 1T V [
  • 55.
    "# $ %&&'() '' J , M ) D D 1 ) T V+V Z ) V+1T V [
  • 56.
    "# $ %&&'() 'B K + T D D D+1T W 7BC&& ] A* ] 1 2 C %77&& ) #%&& B&C7&& 7BC&& 4 ] "-%1"B71&1" ; 6 : . "+)&"($&#&" * "-%1"B71&1"
  • 57.
    "# $ %&&'() '# + @ 1 ) D + D 1 D ) ) " ) % ) : D + D 1 D
  • 58.
    "# $ %&&'() '7 + K + ) T F7 6 8 9" ) F& ) ) F& 6 F& 6 A K ) D D D 1 O ) D D D D D 1 D D D 1 K III III 2""&-"&:-%B4 "#7%C: ) & :%B' #C:C& "--%#& ) C:C&-
  • 59.
    "# $ %&&'() '- ) ) ) K D + D 1 D F ) F ) D + D 1 D F 5 AL 8 ) S %:C-# %::#7 & "#F"B D: &&F&&F&& D D D A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-"8F ( -1%1" % A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-"8F " . = A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F ) ) ^D D 1 )^ A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8FD D 1 F":F ^^ + ) ^[^ A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F ) F) A - "#F"BF&" 5%:C-:8F 2 ) 4 A - "#F"BF&" F D D 1 111 5 8 Z"-%1"B71&1&D%C"&1&1&1&D7[ 5 8 Z"-%1"B71&1&D%C"&1&1&1&D7[
  • 60.
    "# $ %&&'() B& D D@ D@ $ D #1% C1 1
  • 61.
    "# $ %&&'() B" = D D 1 ) K 1 "-%1"B71&1" D D ) D , D ) ) & K 33@ G A D D 1 ) ) *
  • 62.
    "# $ %&&'() B% ) * + ) + * I 6
  • 63.
    "# $ %&&'() B: 6 < M ; ) ) < + ; = ; ) 9 ) ; ) + + 2 4 6 111 H ) 9 9 =@ H ) H H H H $ H ) , 2 Q R4
  • 64.
    "# $ %&&'() BC 6 6 D D@ D@ $ D 6 %1C1 *( 3# C1 :7B1 F 6 ) ) < + 9 9 9 +0 1 = , ) 9 6 6 9 + , 9DA 1 6 , +0 @*$9 , 9 + , , 9 ) ) 6 1 6 ) 6 9 , 2 49 ) 2) 49 1 D D@ D@ $ D 6 %1C1 *( 3# C1 :7B1
  • 65.
    "# $ %&&'() B' . ) > 9 D D 6 D 6 1 ) K X 7& X & X %& $( X +0 X T 7"-% L( X +0 X TX X %&C7 L( )6 X T "&%C X X X X X , D D D 6 %'&& "B "%7 X X X "-%1"B71&1" + X 6 X 1 1 X 1 1 ) X) )) TX > X6 X ))
  • 66.
    "# $ %&&'() BB ) ) X X )) D D D 6 D 1 """#"#+%')&'"# :## "+)&"($&#&"# 3 E0 A0 E, D%&& "&&7: 3 FDD 1 1 D D 1 0/ 0/ E .0 3@$#&)##&)*$&)#( D X X D D D 6 D 1 "+)&"($&#&"# 5")@, @)##29#"9"#9'# F#"##8 V 3 FDD ,16 1 D)6D D6 1 M + GI 3?F .A$ ?I** I ?@I* (3I$ D"1&V %&& "-B% 3 E, 9 0 3
  • 67.
    "# $ %&&'() B# * ) ) X 7& O ) X %" O ) ) X CC: 'B: O 9 ) X %&%& O ( A @ ) X %&&% O ) X 7&CC O ) X 7&7& O + ) X 7&7" O O 6 , X ! ) X
  • 68.
    "# $ %&&'() B7 * .A 3. X CC: 'B: X "7B: O $ ) $ X B:CB B:': O X .A 3. X X .A 3.
  • 69.
    "# $ %&&'() B- + 1 + 1+ X X VD D 6 D 1 V X X :& &6 :"%7 :":& 6 ) X X 1 1+ 1 1+ O 7: X 7&1%&&1%C71"-- 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&& 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&" 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&% 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&: 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&C 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&' 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&B 7&7& # 6 + X 7&1%&&1%C71%&# 7&7& # 6 +
  • 70.
    "# $ %&&'() #& . X 1 1+ :"%7 :":& 6 ) E G& G&6 H X X 1 1+ *. =@ !!
  • 71.
    "# $ %&&'() #" / )) ) 9 !! X 1 1 X "-%1"B71&1&D%C X
  • 72.
    "# $ %&&'() #% 6 G I ) A <J <J ) K K J ) F ; D ; D ; =@ ; , ; ; F 9 ; F 3 9 A 9 3* 9.A 3. ; / ; + ;
  • 73.
    "# $ %&&'() #: @ . ) !! ! "%#1&1&1"D%''1%''1%''1%'' "-%1"B71&1&D%C X !
  • 74.
    "# $ %&&'() #C . K + + , VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D 6 7 1 V X ; + , ) X + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , + , X VD D 6 D6 7 1 V X ) E + , X + , *
  • 75.
    "# $ %&&'() #' ( ) ) ; 3 )) + ) ; 3F Q FKR + ; $ T ) 0 D) D H + ! ; 8 @ @ @ @ E K _ GVP V GV D0 VN _! 1 GV V I 1 DD1 DD N _D N _ N_ N_! + +
  • 76.
    "# $ %&&'() #B ( , + K ) 0 D D 6 D+ , 1 K BC1%''1"B&1&D"- BC1'#1BC1&D"- BC1#1"-%1&D"- BB1""'1"%71&D"7 BB1"'%1BC1&D"- BB1%:&1"%71&D"7 * ) K , + K + + K = * "'"1"7-1C:1&D%C %&-1C#1%71&D%C %"%1#-1%C:1&D%C %":17C1":C1&D%C %"B1"-:1%&#1&D%C %"B1%%B1"C#1&D%C %"#1%%1BC1&D%C BC1"'-1#"1&D%C BC1%''1"B"1&D%C BB1%71"#B1&D%C BB1''1"%71&D%C BB1%%71%&'1&D%C BB1%'&1%%:1&D%C BB1C&1-1&D%C B-1'1#-1&D%C B-1-&1B:1&D%C 7"1%:1%%#1&D%C 7"1C1#B1&D%C "CB17%1%&&1&D%" %&71C71C1"%7D%B %"%1%C%1C&1&D%" %":1":%1"-%1&D%" %":1":B1%B1&D%B %":1"7B1C&1&D%" %"B1"'71&1&D%' %"B1%:C1"7-1:%D%# %"#1%%1'71""%D%7 %"#1%%1'71"BD%7 %"#1%%1B:1"B&D%- B%1%"%1##1"%7D%' B%1%"%17&1"%7D%' BC1"'-1B#1"%7D%' BC1#"1":-1"B&D%# BB1%71"-%1&D%% BB1:#1""%1&D%& BB1%'C1-71%%CD%# B-1:"1:%1&D%" B-1:"1":%1&D%% 7&1#C1"C%1"%7D%'
  • 77.
    "# $ %&&'() ## ( , K ) * 9 / 8 @ @ @6 7 & K ` a1 ` a1 ` ) a1 ` a1 ` "a1 ` a1 ` a1 a1 a1 W ` a1 ` a1 ` a1 ` Ba1 ` , a1 1 1 a1 + a1 W a1 a1+ W B 1 1 a1+ a1+ W a1 + ,a1 W a1 a1+ W ` a1 a1 +a111W a1 +a1111W a1 + a1 W ` a1 a1 W ` a1 a1 W a1 a1111W a1 a1 W a1 + a1 W
  • 78.
    "# $ %&&'() #7 ( , K .A$ ) M 8 @ @ @6 7 & K a1 5 82aM1Y4MW a1+ 5 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 + 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5) 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 ,2aM1Y4MW a1 5 + T82aM1Y4M a1 5 82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5 8)2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5) 82aM1Y4MW a1 5+82aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 +25 84M2aM1Y4MW a1 2aM1Y4MW a1 5 T82aM1Y4MW a1 5 ) 82aM1Y4MW D a1112aM1Y4MW D a11112aM1Y4MW D a11112aM1Y4MW D a111112aM1Y4MW
  • 79.
    "# $ %&&'() #- ( ,L K + Q R 8 @ @ @6 7 & K 5`,8 5`,8 + + + + + + 5` 8 ) , aI , + ) 5` 8 , + + , ,
  • 80.
    "# $ %&&'() 7& * ) !! $ + + , , 2 1 1 4 D D 6 D 6 7 1 ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1+ D+ , D ` FDD a1+ a1+ D ` FDD a1 TT+ a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D ` FDD a1 a1 D
  • 81.
    "# $ %&&'() 7" ( , / X ! 3 A X ! ; + X
  • 82.
    "# $ %&&'() 7% . , 6 ) /3 *) 9 D + D 1 D 6 + / + ) D D D 6 D 1 ) D D D 6 D 1
  • 83.
    "# $ %&&'() 7: A ) ) K + 6 ) + , + A@<*@ ) + , )) ( "-%1"B71&1"F7& D D D K A : ""F&CFC" , F G " A= G & @.G"-%1"B71&1"& G"-'1%:71"1"B- 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# GC-:" @A AG . G"%C% G7& < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& A : ""F&"F': , F 1 "/ 31 # @.G"+)&"($&#&"# 31"+2&)'$&'&)"+ 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G:%7- @A AG . G""77 31$# < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G&
  • 84.
    "# $ %&&'() 7C V V ) ) + , D ; A $ ) MM ; ) D D D ; 111 ; A C %"F"%F'& , F G " A= G & 0 1"+)&"($&#&"# 31)#%&*(&"'*&+) 3 GC7 A G& && @3.G& && G"%# G%B&' @A AG . G"""& G7& < A<G"B:7C @3 G& && J =@ G& ; ( , + ) ; < K ; + ,
  • 85.
    "# $ %&&'() 7' = K ; @ @ ; D D +D 6 D D ; " %- %B %"F:- N D D +D 6 D D3 ; " %B&-# * %# %&&% +1 ; " B-"% * %# %&&% 1 ) ; " B-"% * %# %&&% 1 )1 ) ; " -"BCB %# "BF": 6 1 ) ; " -""&# * %# %&&% 6 1 )1 ) ; I @ @ 6@ @ @ ; I @ @ 6@ @ @A ; @ 6 @ & @
  • 86.
    "# $ %&&'() 7B . , ( K ; ) ) , ) + ; + FDD 1 + 1+ F7&7&D+ ,D * ) ,F 0 = P 3 "1C1%X&B 1 + ) FDD0 1 1 D0% D"1C1%D 1
  • 87.
    "# $ %&&'() 7# . M J ! ; ) MM ; * ) ; ; )) ) ; +
  • 88.
    "# $ %&&'() 77 * / ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + ." .% .: .C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + $E
  • 89.
    "# $ %&&'() 7- A ) ; . ; ; ; ; ; ; + ; *
  • 90.
    "# $ %&&'() -& . . ) D D 1 ) + "-%1"B71&1& ,%''1%''1%''1& Z "-%1"B71&1:% "-%1"B71&1%'C ) 7BC&&& 7BC&&&& + ,%''1%''1%''1& + "-%1"B71&1%'' "-%1"B71&1" "-%1"B71&1" V 1 V N + @ ) ) ) / J , +
  • 91.
    "# $ %&&'() -" . 3 ) D D D K $ ' ""F%CF:& F . .A>3@) &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . A 3@ "-%1"B71&1%"B &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . @3U=3 ) "-%1"B71&1%"B 2"-%1"B71&1"4 ) &&F&&F&&F&&F&&F&& " $ ' ""F%CF:" F . *.L "-%1"B71&1%"B ##9##9##9##9##9## " + $*.
  • 92.
    "# $ %&&'() -% . ) , . ; . + ) ; + ; 9 , ,9 9 9 9 9 $ 9 1 ; ) ; , .
  • 93.
    "# $ %&&'() -: * , G : " % : C " % : C G % * G C " * , . +
  • 94.
    "# $ %&&'() -C $ remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *holem.belnet.be ntp1.belnet.be 2 u 935 1024 377 8.454 8.161 4.213 +ntp.scarlet.be ntp-p1.obspm.fr 2 u 917 1024 377 10.215 10.223 0.842 -ntp1.belbone.be ntp0.belbone.be 2 u 991 1024 377 11.592 -3.338 3.493 +ntp.charon.tele ntp3-rz.rrze.un 2 u 972 1024 377 12.052 4.607 1.094 LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 10 l 27 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.008 remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *193.190.198.10 193.190.198.43 2 u 948 1024 377 8.454 8.161 4.213 +193.74.71.200 145.238.110.49 2 u 930 1024 377 10.215 10.223 0.842 -195.13.23.5 195.13.23.250 2 u 1003 1024 377 11.592 -3.338 3.493 +195.130.132.18 131.188.3.223 2 u 984 1024 377 12.052 4.607 1.094 127.127.1.0 127.127.1.0 10 l 39 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.008 & 7: &6 1 , 1+ ) "1+ + 1+ 1 "1+ + 1+ "-'1":1%:1'
  • 95.
    "# $ %&&'() -' 8 @ @ & O @ "-:1"-&1"-71"& "-:1"-&1"-71"& ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-:1#C1#"1%&& "-:1#C1#"1%&& ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-'1":1%:1' "-'1":1%:1' ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : "-'1":&1":%1"7 "-'1":&1":%1"7 ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) : O + ) ) =
  • 96.
    "# $ %&&'() -B O * O ( ))*&#&"&" ,%''1%''1%''1%'' ) O * "+)&"($&#&# ,%''1%''1%''1& ) "#&#&#&# ,%''1&1&1& ) D + D 1 D
  • 97.
    "# $ %&&'() -# . ) $ "% "%F"%F%C .3 %&&' 1 1 O ) "-%1"B71&1" O ) + "% $ ""F"%F:B 5:-C8F "-%1"B71&1" )) :'-71BB%7': $ "% ""F"%FC& .3 %&&' O 1 , 1+
  • 98.
    "# $ %&&'() -7 . D D 61 ) 6H remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter ============================================================================== *192.168.0.1 193.190.198.10 3 u 9 64 77 0.682 -2.424 0.605 LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 10 l 20 64 77 0.000 0.000 0.002 @ , : : 2 C4 % " !!
  • 99.
    "# $ %&&'() -- @ ) K 0 K ; ) D + D 1 D 6 D + D 1 D 6 D D ) D , D ) ) ) & = + 2% + H + M4 ; D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D + D 1 D 6 D + D 1 D 6 . ) .
  • 100.
    "# $ %&&'() "&& A ) ; H ; . + . = ; . ) J
  • 101.
    "# $ %&&'() "&" . >1 :1&& 2 1 1 D D 4 1 1+ 2"-%1"B71&1"4F 2 "'-C + + F 4 %"D ) %:D ':D 7&D 2 ) 6 4 """D ":-D + %&&%D + 2 * 4 " 2" 4 C
  • 102.
    "# $ %&&'() "&% = = >1 :1&& 2 1 1 D D 4 1 1+ 2"-%1"B71&1"4F 2 "CB% + + F 4 ':D B#D """D "%:D ":#D + ":7D + " 2" 4 B
  • 103.
    "# $ %&&'() "&: , * @ F ; = ( ) , 2 ) . =9 + 9< 9 ,4 ; + 2 ) + 4 ; +9 D I ) ; 2 4 2 4 + ; ; ,
  • 104.
    "# $ %&&'() "&C * K , @ * ) + ) * @ ) + : K +H K & ' YYYb D+ D X %ND D D + D 1 D D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D D ) D , D ) ) ) & D + D 1 D
  • 105.
    "# $ %&&'() "&' $ = T ) ) J 9 A ! FaN " ) "C:7 1 , 1+ 1 , 1+ 57&1%&&1%C71"--8 "C:7 + ) F @ ) 7&1%&&1%C71"--F+ G"C:7 GC% G"%C ) 7&1%&&1%C71"--F , F G "9@ G "9 G & 2&c 49 * F $ G C% 9$ G C% 9* G C% "C:7 I %7 G "*((+ $ = .$ Q ) R , ) ) & "CBB ) ) " "CBB D D ) D , ) ) & ) ) " K $ =G"CBB
  • 106.
    "# $ %&&'() "&B ) . 8 : ; )*@% 8 6 J ; J , + , ; = ; @ M -F%: 7B 9%:F''9% 9 F"1%79"1:"9"1%: B' FB& 9' 9& T + 9& . = F 2&%K ='&'K : 9+#&+K 9&1&c $ F ###&&L 9 #BB&&L 9 ""&&L) 9 &L 9 #B&L+ )) F :-#BC&L 9 #--&&L 9:"##C&L) BC&7L = 3@ @ E3 @ *@3 * K c$3$ $3.A$$* %"#&" :- "- "CCC& "%$ BB& @ ++&+"B1# "7'77 1D ":#'C "' & "&B7 "&B7 7:B @ '1# "1: &F&& %"&-% 6 "' & '#CC& :-$ C&C#% @ :1% '%1' %'#F%& 2 6 4 "::&: "' & CCC C&7 :-% @ "1B &1' CF": D D + D ":BC' "' & :BC %'% %'% @ &1& &1: &F&& 1 F"-%1"
  • 107.
    "# $ %&&'() "&# J < + M K + * @3@A= "&1&1&1" 7& 0 * "-%1"B71&1:&F7& + . @3@A= 2 *..3 %-C&L , 9BC:$ + 4 , + "B%% ##77& * Y Y &1&1&1&D& "&1&1&1" F7& F"-%1"B71&1:&F7&
  • 108.
    "# $ %&&'() "&7 * / ) $ 3 @ D) D 3 $ + ." .% .: .C ) < + +< + % " < < * $ * + , + , , * * + $E
  • 109.
    "# $ %&&'() "&- J + , !! , ) ; FDD 1 1+ ; FDD 1 , + 1+ ; + ] 1+ ; FDD 1+ + 1 D ; ]+ 1 ; FDD 1+ 1 D 1 1 ; 1 1 ]+ 1
  • 110.
    "# $ %&&'() ""& *++ ; *@ H * @ ; . H . ) ; $EH $ T E 2 ,T + ) + ) 4 ; H ; H ; * H ,* ; H , ; A H A)) ; $ H $ ; $ H ,$ ; . H . ; = H = ; <3 H < 36
  • 111.
    "# $ %&&'() """ < M ; ) ; ; + ) ; ) + ; + ) ; + + ) ; + + < ? . ; K
  • 112.
    "# $ %&&'() ""% * ) ; ) 9 9 + , 2+ 4 * ) ) + 2M4 J 2 4 + = ? + ) 2 ) 9 9 ) 9 + ) 4 + + 2+ 4 ; J M
  • 113.
    "# $ %&&'() "": *+ ; :9 + ) 1 * 0 ! , 1 ) ) + 1 ; ) + + , 6 ) 1 + , )) 1 ; : ) ; 6 ) ) 6 ) 1 $ ) 6 ; 9 + 1 )) 0! 6 7 + 1 . + , ) 8 )) ) + 1 ; 8 + . 1 J ) 8 1 * + 6 7 8 1 3 8 + ) 1 ; < + 2 4 + 1 $ ) "" 1 + + 9 9 ) 9 9 6 :1
  • 114.
    "# $ %&&'() ""C @ ) $ T /( , / ; . ) / > 9 FDD 1 1 1 ; $ T 1 '&9P %&&' FDD 1 T 1
  • 115.
    "# $ %&&'() ""' @ ) ; FDD 1 1 ; FDD 1 1 D D D D@ 71& $ D ; FDD 1 6 1 ; FDD 6 1 ) 1 D D+ ,) 1 O*3 "B7' ; FDD 1 6 1 D *UD *U "&1 ; FDD 1+ -1 D ; FDD 1 1 D D . ; FDD 1 1 + 1 1 ,D D D D 1 ; FDD 1 1 1+ , 1 D D ) 61
  • 116.
    "# $ %&&'() ""B A K * ) ) +0 ; FDD 1 1+