The document presents various aspects of geothermal energy, including its definition as 'earth heat' derived from Greek. It highlights different geothermal sources, such as hydrothermal, geopressure, and hot dry rock while discussing their energy potential and applications. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of renewable energy, specifically in the context of Iraq's energy policies.

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11. Geothermal Energy Facts
WHAT DOES THE WORD "GEOTHERMAL" MEAN?
"Geothermal" comes from the Greek words geo (earth) and thermo (heat). So, geothermal
means earth heat.
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14. / 7 +D &4% !)/ 7 +D &4% !)/ 7 +D &4% !)/ 7 +D &4% !)
HOW DOES GEOTHERMAL HEAT GET UP TO EARTH'S SURFACE?
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HOW HAVE PEOPLE USED GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE PAST?
b$1 $ - 6 $931? - * (- -+*+ %@
+* j *"Magic Water"(- * ("1 $, k G $ %"1 $) * - "*
?@$%"1 ; $ - - ; $) * "* ( $1 $ - 6 " - +J "*$ (
3 $ <- 6 FG'+ 15? - *@( $9(l'5l -
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Water5$) * "*?'f) ; $)G( /5- . ?( /'5- * 9 (P - + *
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? $) * "*'/
f) ; $)G(5
? - *@

17. T+! ) &!./1T+! ) &!./1T+! ) &!./1T+! ) &!./1
HOW DO WE USE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TODAY?
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(Agriculture)
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1111) 4L 7M +4 4 !) 4L 7M +4 4 !) 4L 7M +4 4 !) 4L 7M +4 4 !----
) 8 5 &4) 8 5 &4) 8 5 &4) 8 5 &4
(Aquaculture)
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(Balneology)
&4&4&4&4MMMM

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20. &43% > 7&43% > 7&43% > 7&43% > 7(Snow melting)EEEE
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) 4L 7M +4 4 ! 1) 4L 7M +4 4 ! 1) 4L 7M +4 4 ! 1) 4L 7M +4 4 ! 1EEEE
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(- "* - - +(" * % $ - 6 *$ + ; p * F * -P(-"6$ - 6<
'Fan Coils5( 3 +*$ - 6 !+ 1* <- 6 32@
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Heat Exchanger5$ - 6
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<- 6
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+ 1 +,"*<- 6+*
+;- $ - 6
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21. GHP'sGEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
$1 $ - 6 ! F ( 6 I ?; - +6 (. "* N .
A ('eA5% $ - 6 ! ; -"6 (N . ,) - - 2* -P(-
2( - $ - 6@lp - "1 "* "-$ - 6, 9% - * , * ( I@
- < <N *" $ - 6$_ " *'GHP's[GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS5
eA $ - 6 ! + F( +,F(eA*-+'"*F?( #g"*!
P ! $ - 65- . ?( /'5- , (@( - -$1 "*L( , ;
F * I "1 U +6 - . $ - 6 ! $ - 6$9( ! ?( 6@" $ - 6$_'GHP's5
$9(-+'( *$51( , , $ ( !% (- + ( / 1 (. )( 1 (-"*+ % *
$ +) ( $("@)G <*- I *p *F- "* ( <- 6"*@
<- 6<- 6<- 6<- 6''''Heating05050505" * $ - 6$ - 6 (-"* !% + $ - 6 !
!% "* )(M +6- . "* )(M +6 ( $ - 6 ! + 1 "* -+ " *@
----''''Cooling05050505- * ( $ - 6 ! I L ,'- 65(M +6 - . $ - 6 !"* )
-+ !%'*5"* )(M +6 ( $ - 6 %@
?(- .'415
+& ) ?(+% + 1 $ <- 6
? - * e* <- 6
(
$ - 6?(-"6
+;- "
e*"*$1 "*

22. GHP's!"#$%&' ()
?(- .'515
33C
-6 C
22 C22 C
13 C13 C
$ - 6$_'GHP's52( -$ - 6$_'GHP's5) -
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-"$ -+$ - 6$_(.'GHP's5Heat pump ground loops
GHP – Geothermal Heat Pump
< ( -"0
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23. 7 6 % &47 6 % &47 6 % &47 6 % &4(Balneology)EEEE
$6 (-'Hot Springs5"*-+? - * 9 + $ -@a $1 $ - 6
- 6 ( $ F( , - - )( $)% $ ( + % *2(+% L('Hot Springs5@
&4&4&4&45555####'''') 8) 8) 8) 8(Aquaculture)EEEE
% 6$, < - ( - A(- a $1 $ - 6- ?(FFFF(/$$
'fish5*-'shrimp5'5'abalone5k GO ,'alligators5@
?(- .'615
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24. &4% !)&4% !)&4% !)&4% !)+D !+D !+D !+D !
HOW ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED BY USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
e*( ( + % < *$ A)G($ ? < - **-$O3"1 ) - - 6
C ?( - * (. - + 1 n9(P8?(-+ ?*-",8 ?( < - * *-@- 6
e* " * $1 "* )(- 6 +, - *'Injection Well5)*<- 6 - * "*"*
)?q "1 / )b(-- +1 n)* < )?q@
F(- e*-"F(- e*-"F(- e*-"F(- e*-"0000
< (< (< (< (0000'? < - * e*[<- 6[Production Well5e*<F( - (. - +1 n
9(- ( $9 ) * "*F( - *@
<<<<0000'e*+;-[-[Injection Well5e*<) - +, - *(.F("*
)*<- 6 - *)*b(- - +1 n $ , )?q "1 / )@
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<- 6
? - * e*
+;- "
$1 "* e*"*
!%[
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*-
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- ? < - *2( *-",

25. %& " # ' ( ) #$
-" 8G(* *- $ ? < - * A)""3(@$9 ? ,9*-
!$ - 6- +fA $ )'B , V56-@
There are three kinds of geothermal power plants. The kind we build depends on the
temperatures and pressures of a reservoir.
1111EEEEKN5 37^KN5 37^KN5 37^KN5 37^####Dry Steam Power PlantsE'E'E'E'
-+fAA "dry '" steamF ?( < - *L O3$ ( b(--<( ,@"1 ) -
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26. FFFF1 !1 !1 !1 !####! &4G3 8! &4G3 8! &4G3 8! &4G3 8''''####Flash Steam Power Plants''''EEEEFFFF
- 6( $1A$- + 1!( $ - 6+
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27. FFFF1 51 51 51 5####Binary-Cycle Power Plants''''EEEE
<- +1 " ; $ - 6 ! -"'!F( #!P !5+ (
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9* F -@+<I ( !F(e6 -,* F - FG(+ $O39F(A)G($
'"binary" power plant5% ( $ - 6" !" *?(-"6 $ - 6 (
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28. eeee*+,-Advantagesffff
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" )&* -I $ <- 6 $ B@
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?(- .'235

29. eeee#+,-Disadvantagesffff
t ( a- ( $ +;"* -N "'$15!% -"(Liquid)
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47. A)) U.S. Department of Energy (Geothermal Energy Technical Site):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power
http://geothermal.id.doe.govB))
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48. ! "#
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2 Thanks III III C P € + 2
3 Preface IV IV L _)',5- 3
4 KRG Logo V V "6") -+ $O(- $, +9k 4
5 Introduction 1 1 $ 5
6 Renewable Energy +&(+ $ ;- 6
Geothermal Energy Facts $1 Q( - 6 -
What does the word "geothermal"
mean?
$1 Q( - 6 a % F *
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What is geothermal energy? $; $1 Q( - 6 F *
• (
How does geothermal heat get up to
earth's surface?
)( ? * $1 F( +, ";
• - -
How have people used geothermal
energy in the past?
$, ( "; *-'$9315
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• ?
How do we use geothermal energy
today?
* "; " - <•C ?( -
Purpose use of geothermal energy. " $ ? - *$ ) *
Electricity. *-@
Agriculture@ $3 +) $ - *$) *@
Snow melting. 14 14 +A, P1 $) *@
City heating. 14 14 +& ) $?(+% + 1 $ <- 6"*@
Ghp's [ geothermal heat pumps@ " $ - 6$_@
Balneology@ $) - , - +*@
Aquaculture - * - +*'5(@
How electricity is generated using
geothermal energy?
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Three kinds of geothermal power plants. $ ? < - * A)G( -" 8
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Third: Binary-Cycle Power Plants@ < $ -"0
'Binary-Cycle Power Plants5@
Advantages @ +" $ A)G( $ (
Disadvantages@ (" $ A)G( $@
Ring of fire in the world. - 6 ;@

49. Geothermal exploration
surveys.
+ - $? "*/ ( A(- ;
6$1 $( -@
Satellite imagery and aerial
photography. 26 26
< ( A(-0$?, 6 $)(> , ?( *
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Volcanological studies.
26 26
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28 28
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Temperature gradient hole drilling. < % % A(-0$ - 6 ! $? $, ;
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Use geothermal in the whole world. " $ ? - *
United State of America. 32 32 9(-@
Iceland. 34 34 !G.
New Zealand. 35 35 +@
Japan@ " .@
Geothermal energy cost@ 37 37 ( -+ * - "@
Conclusion 38 38 < U -@
43 Suggestion - ?. 43
44 Symbols and scales of energy $ + $ - + O@ 44
45 References & Sources ;-@ 45
Contain F@
Brief history about editor: -;9( (:

50. :
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E-mail Address: sarbast_engineer@yahoo.com
sarbastara@gmail.com
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51. Kurdistan Regional Government-Iraq
Ministry of Electricity
General Directorate of Electricity of Suleimaniyah
Directorate of Electricity production
Technical Department