This document summarizes a research study on the impact of price hikes on lower middle class people in Dhaka, Bangladesh and Sylhet division. The study utilized surveys of 153 people to understand how price increases have affected consumer behaviors and crisis for the lower middle class. Key findings include that 97.7% of people reported facing economic hardship due to price hikes. Price increases have reduced the quantity and quality of food consumption for many and changed overall consumption patterns. The study provides insight into how the government could address issues caused by rising costs of living.
The rate of Infant mortality in Nigeria is very alarming despite the efforts of local and international stakeholder...hence, a policy that mandates exclusive breastfeeding would serve a mechanism to reducing the Infant Mortality Rate in the country.
This document provides a literature review and background for analyzing why Tanzania implemented export bans (EBs) on maize. It discusses three potential explanations from the literature:
1) Market and institutional failures within Tanzania, such as lack of private sector investment in storage and marketing, could have justified EBs as a second-best policy option.
2) Information constraints and lack of policy learning may have led to repeated use of EBs despite evidence of ineffectiveness, if decision-makers relied on past experiences over evaluating alternatives.
3) Political economy factors, like the political sensitivity of maize, could have influenced the decision to implement EBs to ensure availability for political motives.
The document outlines
Milk Tea Industry: An Exploratory StudyIJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study on the growing popularity of the milk tea industry in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It analyzes demographic data of milk tea shop owners which found most are female, aged 15-25 or 36-45, single, and have operated for less than a year. It also assessed the 4Ps of marketing - finding quality ingredients and taste most important for products, price lists important for prices, and signage important for promotion. Location near town and safety/security were highly considered for place. Overall, the study found the milk tea industry has increased in popularity due to quality products and effective marketing strategies.
This study aims to classify the business models of pharmaceutical firms in Thailand. Through qualitative analysis of 12 in-depth interviews, the study identified 7 key themes (market, customer, product, price, strategy, cost management, performance) to classify business models as public health, innovative, or mixed. A public health model focuses on accessible pricing and standard products for public markets. An innovative model focuses on premium pricing and first-in-class products for private/self-pay markets. Many firms use a mixed model balancing public health and innovative approaches. The classification provides guidance for pharmaceutical management in determining suitable business models.
THE STUDY OF PURCHASE INTENTION FOR MEN'S FACIAL CARE PRODUCTS WITH K-NEAREST...ijcsit
Inventory management was a major issue for all the industries. The supplied of products to customers required the readiness of the inventory. This allowed rapid delivery and reduced waiting time for customers so that companies could profit from it. Any stock out or insufficiency would lead to loss of customers because their needs cannot be met. This would hurt firm profitability and market competitiveness. Inventory control was critical to retain liquidity and avoid overstocking. This was also the key to firm's survival and sustainability. To ensure an appropriate level of inventory, it was necessary to manage the inventory levels with sales forecast on an on-going basis. This paper tried to find out its inventory control in order to assisted Company T to improve its inventory control. Firstly, the products offered by Company T are classified into groups. The R programming language was then used to stimulate and forecast future sales of different products. Different techniques were applied to manage the inventory levels according to the results of categorizations and forecasts.; 3.Consolidation of all the product items and grouping them into activity-based classifications; 4.Simulation and forecasting of future sales according to the categorization results; 5. Formulation of different controlled techniques based on the simulations and forecasts, and application of these methods to inventory management.
The document analyzes variables that influence food expenditures among workers in Surabaya, Indonesia. It surveys 100 workers and uses multiple linear regression to analyze how gender, marital status, income, and reason for consuming food affect monthly food spending. The results show that gender and income positively and significantly impact food expenditure, while reason for consuming shows a negative influence. Marital status does not significantly influence food expenditure.
Role of Humanitarian Logistics Management Practices on Performance of Humanit...AkashSharma618775
Humanitarian Logistics is a very important cluster of activities during emergencies due to natural or
man-made disasters in an effort to prevent loss of lives and property. However, the subject is not well researched
compared to the business logistics in profit making organizations where profit is their main reason of existence.
The main objective of this study was to examine the role of humanitarian logistics management practices on
performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya with
the following specific objectives of the study: to examine the role of transport management on performance of
humanitarian organizations in Kenya, to evaluate the role of inventory management on performance of
humanitarian organizations in Kenya,to examine the role of order processing on performance of humanitarian
organizations in Kenya,and to establish the influence of information flow on performance of humanitarian
organizations in Kenya. The study adopted a cross sectional survey. The target population of this study was 270
employees from United Nation World Food Programme. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered
through the e-mail survey and hand delivery. Secondary data was obtained from both published and unpublished
records. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques
were used to analyses the data with the assistance of SPSS software program version 25. The study found that both
transport management practices, Inventory management practices, order processing and information flow as
humanitarian logistics management practices had significant role on performance of humanitarian organizations
in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya hence the study recommended that managers in
the humanitarian organisations in Kenya should include humanitarian logistics management practices in their
strategic plan and in particular investment in transport management practices, Inventory management practices,
order processing and information flow which may make it easy to bring about innovation in the organisation and
good information sharing to both suppliers and clients.
The Relationship Study between Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in th...ijtsrd
The restaurant sector is one of the fastest growing sectors within the Mongolian economy. A questionnaire based study was selected to 121 peoples served to choose one service restaurant around in the capital of Ulaanbaatar. The research method was quantitative, and primary and secondary methods were used to analyze the data. According to the results, the hypotheses optioned that all the planed factor had a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. With the presence of these factors, customer satisfaction will increase. Enkhtsetseg Agvaan "The Relationship Study between Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in the Luxury Restaurant Sector in Mongolia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33229.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/33229/the-relationship-study-between-service-quality-on-customer-satisfaction-in-the-luxury-restaurant-sector-in-mongolia/enkhtsetseg-agvaan
The rate of Infant mortality in Nigeria is very alarming despite the efforts of local and international stakeholder...hence, a policy that mandates exclusive breastfeeding would serve a mechanism to reducing the Infant Mortality Rate in the country.
This document provides a literature review and background for analyzing why Tanzania implemented export bans (EBs) on maize. It discusses three potential explanations from the literature:
1) Market and institutional failures within Tanzania, such as lack of private sector investment in storage and marketing, could have justified EBs as a second-best policy option.
2) Information constraints and lack of policy learning may have led to repeated use of EBs despite evidence of ineffectiveness, if decision-makers relied on past experiences over evaluating alternatives.
3) Political economy factors, like the political sensitivity of maize, could have influenced the decision to implement EBs to ensure availability for political motives.
The document outlines
Milk Tea Industry: An Exploratory StudyIJAEMSJORNAL
This document summarizes a study on the growing popularity of the milk tea industry in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. It analyzes demographic data of milk tea shop owners which found most are female, aged 15-25 or 36-45, single, and have operated for less than a year. It also assessed the 4Ps of marketing - finding quality ingredients and taste most important for products, price lists important for prices, and signage important for promotion. Location near town and safety/security were highly considered for place. Overall, the study found the milk tea industry has increased in popularity due to quality products and effective marketing strategies.
This study aims to classify the business models of pharmaceutical firms in Thailand. Through qualitative analysis of 12 in-depth interviews, the study identified 7 key themes (market, customer, product, price, strategy, cost management, performance) to classify business models as public health, innovative, or mixed. A public health model focuses on accessible pricing and standard products for public markets. An innovative model focuses on premium pricing and first-in-class products for private/self-pay markets. Many firms use a mixed model balancing public health and innovative approaches. The classification provides guidance for pharmaceutical management in determining suitable business models.
THE STUDY OF PURCHASE INTENTION FOR MEN'S FACIAL CARE PRODUCTS WITH K-NEAREST...ijcsit
Inventory management was a major issue for all the industries. The supplied of products to customers required the readiness of the inventory. This allowed rapid delivery and reduced waiting time for customers so that companies could profit from it. Any stock out or insufficiency would lead to loss of customers because their needs cannot be met. This would hurt firm profitability and market competitiveness. Inventory control was critical to retain liquidity and avoid overstocking. This was also the key to firm's survival and sustainability. To ensure an appropriate level of inventory, it was necessary to manage the inventory levels with sales forecast on an on-going basis. This paper tried to find out its inventory control in order to assisted Company T to improve its inventory control. Firstly, the products offered by Company T are classified into groups. The R programming language was then used to stimulate and forecast future sales of different products. Different techniques were applied to manage the inventory levels according to the results of categorizations and forecasts.; 3.Consolidation of all the product items and grouping them into activity-based classifications; 4.Simulation and forecasting of future sales according to the categorization results; 5. Formulation of different controlled techniques based on the simulations and forecasts, and application of these methods to inventory management.
The document analyzes variables that influence food expenditures among workers in Surabaya, Indonesia. It surveys 100 workers and uses multiple linear regression to analyze how gender, marital status, income, and reason for consuming food affect monthly food spending. The results show that gender and income positively and significantly impact food expenditure, while reason for consuming shows a negative influence. Marital status does not significantly influence food expenditure.
Role of Humanitarian Logistics Management Practices on Performance of Humanit...AkashSharma618775
Humanitarian Logistics is a very important cluster of activities during emergencies due to natural or
man-made disasters in an effort to prevent loss of lives and property. However, the subject is not well researched
compared to the business logistics in profit making organizations where profit is their main reason of existence.
The main objective of this study was to examine the role of humanitarian logistics management practices on
performance of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya with
the following specific objectives of the study: to examine the role of transport management on performance of
humanitarian organizations in Kenya, to evaluate the role of inventory management on performance of
humanitarian organizations in Kenya,to examine the role of order processing on performance of humanitarian
organizations in Kenya,and to establish the influence of information flow on performance of humanitarian
organizations in Kenya. The study adopted a cross sectional survey. The target population of this study was 270
employees from United Nation World Food Programme. A semi- structured questionnaire was administered
through the e-mail survey and hand delivery. Secondary data was obtained from both published and unpublished
records. The questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques
were used to analyses the data with the assistance of SPSS software program version 25. The study found that both
transport management practices, Inventory management practices, order processing and information flow as
humanitarian logistics management practices had significant role on performance of humanitarian organizations
in Kenya. A case of United Nation World Food Program Kenya hence the study recommended that managers in
the humanitarian organisations in Kenya should include humanitarian logistics management practices in their
strategic plan and in particular investment in transport management practices, Inventory management practices,
order processing and information flow which may make it easy to bring about innovation in the organisation and
good information sharing to both suppliers and clients.
The Relationship Study between Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in th...ijtsrd
The restaurant sector is one of the fastest growing sectors within the Mongolian economy. A questionnaire based study was selected to 121 peoples served to choose one service restaurant around in the capital of Ulaanbaatar. The research method was quantitative, and primary and secondary methods were used to analyze the data. According to the results, the hypotheses optioned that all the planed factor had a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. With the presence of these factors, customer satisfaction will increase. Enkhtsetseg Agvaan "The Relationship Study between Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in the Luxury Restaurant Sector in Mongolia" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33229.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/33229/the-relationship-study-between-service-quality-on-customer-satisfaction-in-the-luxury-restaurant-sector-in-mongolia/enkhtsetseg-agvaan
SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF QFD & AHPIJESM JOURNAL
In current scenario strong competitive pressure forces several organizations to available their products and services, cheaper, faster and improved than the rivals to their valuable customer. Managers have come to comprehend that they cannot do it individually without suitable vendors. Supply Chain Management empower the flows of material, information and funds in a association consisting of customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, which beings raw materials, maintain by internal operations complete with distribution of finished goods. In the continually changing world, assortment of appropriate vender is facilitating in supply chain management, selection of right vendor is extremely useful part of purchasing department. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for right supplier selection and evaluation and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis to enhance the effectiveness of outsourcing decisions. A selection that combines the subjective factors and objective factors and attitude of the decision maker decide the best supplier in the supply chain management system. The proposed integrated model could be used for supplier selection, which involves several quantitative and qualitative factors. Also could be used to determining the optimum order quantity. The propose method is a group decision making approach which shadows the traditional approaches of supplier selection.
Inflation is a continual increase in general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It is caused by many factors, important among them are excess of demand of goods and services over supply, macroeconomic performance, money supply, economic policies implications, environmental factors etc. A number of researchers in the past made attempts to identify determinants of inflation and to investigate the impact of identified variables on inflation in European and also in some Asian economies. But, in context of India, not many studies can be traced in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the impact of selected variables on inflation in India. The paper considers CPI (Consumer Price Index) inflation as dependent variable and a set of independent macroeconomic variables, which includes Gross Domestic Product, Money Supply, Deposit Rate, Prime Lending Rate, Exchange Rate, Trade Volume (Value of Imports and Exports) and Crude Oil Prices. The empirical analysis covers the quarterly data series for ten financial years from 2002Q1 to 2012Q1. The collected data is analyzed using ADF Unit root test, Granger Causality test, and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique.
This document calls for papers for a special issue of the International Journal of Consumer Studies on systematic literature reviews in consumer studies. It provides details on submission deadlines and guidelines, as well as tips for conducting high quality systematic reviews. The special issue editors are looking for comprehensive reviews that consolidate existing findings, reconcile conflicting results, identify research gaps, and suggest future research agendas. Reviews can focus on topics related to consumer behavior, culture, economics, and more.
This document summarizes a book review of "Food and Beverage Management" by Bernard D., Andrew L., Peter A. Ioannis S. In 3 sentences:
The book provides comprehensive coverage of managing food and beverage operations across different sectors. It discusses topics such as operations management, marketing, control systems, staffing, and trends in the industry. The reviewer finds the book to be a valuable resource for professionals, academics and students due to its clear presentation of concepts and inclusion of tools to apply knowledge.
Understanding the buying behavior habits of Turkish consumers - A study on He...Waleed Ahmed
This document summarizes research on understanding the buying habits of Turkish customers for herbs and spices. 10 interviews were conducted with Turkish women aged 25-35. Key findings include:
1) Respondents use herbs and spices daily in cooking and buy them monthly, preferring supermarkets for convenience over traditional stores.
2) Most respondents shop individually on a set route with a prepared list to save time.
3) Preferences were found for branded spices due to perceptions of quality, and factors like price, promotions and packaging were found to influence purchase decisions.
Introduction
What is definition and law of supply
Factors determine supply for health care services
Factors determine price & quantity of health care
What is the production function for health
Market equilibrium
Investing in the healthcare sector
Cost production in healthcare
Different healthcare system
Models of non-profit agencies
References
This document summarizes a study on pharmaceutical packaging preferences in Thailand. It provides background on trends in the pharmaceutical industry and reviews prior literature on packaging design. The study tested hypotheses about graphic styles, colors, typefaces, compositions and graphic elements. 186 Thai participants evaluated sample packages. Findings showed that curvy graphics, realistic images, and certain colors increased appeal, while typeface had little impact. Aesthetic appeal and trustworthiness were often unrelated. The study provides insights into how packaging design attributes influence perceptions in Thailand's pharmaceutical market.
Practices and ideas of supply chain management evolve and change fast. Modern information
and communication, for instance. The study is based on SCM's analysis as a business and industry. This
study provides a comprehensive investigation of attitudes, practises and designs based on the categories.
In order to handle supply chain management, we are exploring particular questions about SCD
integration, the instrument for planning and control and communication. The following are the key
results. To what extent SCM strategy and controls are used to improve suppliers and customers. The key
probity of SCM is cost efficiency, volume as well as delivery speed. It is also considered as an essential
input to the selection process of supply chain partners, now businesses want us to speed up the SC
operation through technology usage
Reaction of consumers against the rising milk prices in Vietnam: A case study...theijes
- The study examined consumer reactions to rising milk prices in Long Bien district, Hanoi, Vietnam. It surveyed 100 consumers and found that age, career, and household income significantly influenced reaction levels, with younger consumers, less stable jobs, and lower incomes correlating with stronger reactions.
- Most consumers saw milk prices as quite or very high and had neutral satisfaction with prices relative to quality. If prices increased further, most would moderately or strongly react by reducing purchases.
- The factors found to most affect consumer reaction levels were age (younger consumers reacted more strongly), household income (lower incomes correlated with stronger reactions), and career (less stable jobs correlated with stronger reactions).
Strategic Cost and Activating Competitive Advantageijtsrd
This study aimed to identify the Role of Strategic Costs (SCs) in Activating Competitive Advantage (Field Study in the Paints Companies - Khartoum State). The study tested two hypotheses which are: There is a significant relation between (SCs) and the Activating of the Competitive Advantage in the Sudanese Paints Companies in Khartoum State, there is a significant relation between (SCs) and the reduction of production costs in the Sudanese Paints Companies in Khartoum State. Researchers distributed (40) questionnaire forms among some of the workers in the field selected randomly (33) Forms were collected as 83%. Statistical package of social sciences programmer (SPSS) used for analyzing data. The study reached some findings from which: the strategic costs contribute in reducing costs during the products design stage, the companies has awareness in analyzing the competitive advantage situation to the competitors costs structure, the paints companies in Khartoum work to improve its operations and products continuously to decrease costs, Some of the study recommended to: there is necessity in applying the strategic cost methods together to activate the competitive advantage continuously , to do more studies in all the Sudanese industrial companies to the benefit of adopting the strategic cost in decreasing costs and to support the competitive advantage. Dr. Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi Abdelraheem | Dr. Badreldin Elhadi Ahmed Serajeldin | Aldouma Abdallah Abdalrahman Jedo"Strategic Cost and Activating Competitive Advantage" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd147.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/147/strategic-cost-and-activating-competitive-advantage/dr-abubkr-ahmed-elhadi-abdelraheem
Statistics is the science of data. It involves collecting, presenting, and characterizing data. It plays an important role in fields like industry, commerce, economics, and more by analyzing data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which describes data through measures like average, and inferential statistics which makes decisions about population characteristics through estimation and hypothesis testing. Statistics helps answer questions about whether certain factors increase outcomes and helps predict things like election results. It is an essential tool in data science.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
Changes in consumer spending habits due to covid 19Paras Lakhotra
This report analyzes how consumers are reining their spendings in 2 two different periods i.e. pre lockdown and during the lockdown due to COVID-19 and then analyzing the changes in the behavior of the consumer that has been taking place. Hence using these insights to forecast the upcoming period.
This document analyzes consumer retail practices in Nueva Ecija, Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 351 respondents found that most were female, married, high school educated, and earned a low monthly income of PHP1,500-7,500. When buying products, respondents considered compatibility, brand, simplicity, and ease of use most important. Retailers are recommended to adapt marketing strategies to attract customers shopping elsewhere during the pandemic. The study provides insight into how consumer behaviors and retail preferences have changed due to the health crisis.
A Study on Customer’s Perception and Preferences towards Shopping Malls in Ch...ijtsrd
Shopping malls offered many advantages over the traditional markets. Pleasant ambience, protection from extreme weather conditions, convenience in terms of escalators and lifts, comfort of shopping, eating and watching movies at the same place, wide choice of shops, range of food options through food courts to name a few. However, the rush to be there in the mall boom has not gone well with all the malls. As the number of malls in the same locality was going up, some of the malls started struggling to survive. The study has identified the factors influencing positioning of malls in Chennai. Dr. R Sangeetha "A Study on Customer’s Perception and Preferences towards Shopping Malls in Chennai City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/49189/a-study-on-customer’s-perception-and-preferences-towards-shopping-malls-in-chennai-city/dr-r-sangeetha
The Role of Own Saving in Solving the Problem of Capital Among SMEs.Student
This document discusses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania and their access to capital through saving. Some key points:
- SMEs contribute significantly to Tanzania's economy but often struggle to access financing to establish and grow their businesses. Their main sources of capital are typically personal savings, retained earnings, and informal loans.
- The study found that SMEs' level of saving and access to own capital was positively associated with their initial capital, daily profits, and number of dependents. Higher values in these areas led to greater saving and capital among SMEs.
- On average, SMEs' capital structures were comprised of 69.49% from own saving and
Issue involved in marketing of gm food products in indiaAlexander Decker
This document discusses issues involved in marketing genetically modified (GM) food products in India. It begins with an introduction to GM foods and their benefits, but also notes challenges to their market acceptance. The author aims to identify key factors affecting GM food acceptance in India, problems with their marketing, and potential solutions. The document outlines the study's objectives and methodology, which included a literature review, surveys of 150 consumers and 16 GM food marketers using structured questionnaires, and data analysis software. The responses would help address the research questions around acceptance factors, marketing problems, and recommended measures to improve GM food marketing.
The document analyzes health care access in Bangladesh using data from a survey of 664 households. It investigates the determinants of illness, choice of health care provider, and household out-of-pocket health expenditures. The summary is:
- The study uses survey data from 664 Bangladeshi households to analyze factors that influence illness, choice of health care provider, and household health care spending.
- Independent variables include individual characteristics, illness conditions, health facility attributes, household characteristics, environment, and economic status. Dependent variables include illness, choice of provider, and out-of-pocket expenditures.
- Preliminary univariate analysis of the survey data shows that 59% of respondents were young adults
This study examines consumer buying behavior towards electric vehicles in Coimbatore District, India. It aims to understand the demographic, psychological, environmental, economic, and social factors that influence purchasing decisions. Both primary data collected through surveys and secondary data from literature is used. The period of study is January to March 2023. Statistical analysis techniques will be used to analyze the data and identify relationships between variables.
Assignment 3 Long-Term Investment Decisions Due Week 9 and wort.docxsherni1
Assignment 3: Long-Term Investment Decisions
Due Week 9 and worth 300 points
Assume that the low-calorie microwavable food company from Assignments 1 and 2 wants to expand and has to make some long-term capital budgeting decisions.
Use the Internet to research government policies and regulation.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
1. Outline a plan that managers in the low-calorie microwaveable food company could follow when selecting pricing strategies for making their products as inelastic as possible. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Examine the major effects that government policies have on production and employment. Predict the potential effects that government policies could have on your company.
3. Determine whether or not government regulation to ensure fairness in the low-calorie microwavable food industry is needed. Cite the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. Provide two (2) examples of government involvement in a similar market economy to support your response.
4. Examine the major complexities that would arise under expansion via capital projects. Propose key actions that the company could take in order to prevent or address these complexities.
5. Suggest the substantive manner in which the company could create a convergence between the interests of stockholders and managers. Indicate the most likely impact to profitability of such a convergence. Provide two (2) examples of instances that support your response.
6. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Propose how differences in demand and elasticity lead managers to develop various pricing strategies.
• Analyze the economic impact of contracting, governance and organizational form within organizations.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial economics and globalization.
• Write clearly and concisely about managerial economics and globalization using proper writing mechanics
2
Running Head: Operations Decisions
Assignment 2: Operations Decisions
Toni Washington
Professor J. Elu
Econ 550
February 23, 2014
The Market Structure of the Low calorie Food Company
From the regression results in the previous assignment, it clearly shows that the product inelastic. Considering the elasticitie ...
The rapid emergence of branding in food retail in asiaKrishna Singh
This document summarizes a case study on the rapid emergence of branding in the makhana (gorgon nut) market in Bihar, India. The following key points are made:
- Branding of makhana has diffused rapidly, with the share of branded products doubling from 25% to 50% of the total market over five years.
- Two types of brands exist - low-price brands that focus on packaging with little quality consideration, and high-price brands that invest more in quality, advertising, and specialized salespeople.
- Information provided by most brands is incomplete or misleading regarding traceability, certification, and linkages to producers.
- While retail prices of branded products
INFO 6790 Midterm ExaminationDue Wednesday, February 9, 2022LaticiaGrissomzz
INFO 6790 Midterm Examination
Due Wednesday, February 9, 2022
Instructions
Please acknowledge by printing your name under this statement:
I have taken this exam independently. I have not asked for help from any other person, students or otherwise. I have not given help to any other person, students or otherwise. I have not used any communications to get or receive help to answer the questions on this exam.
Name: _____________________________________________________________
Answer each of the questions below as comprehensively as possible. DO NOT CHANGE THE CONTENT OR FORMAT OF THIS EXAM (Do not delete test questions, add, or delete text boxes, rows, columns, pages, change wording, change fonts or color or other formatting and content. All answers should be in green colored 9 pt. font – already set.) Anything altered in this exam will, when the exam is returned, result in an “incomplete exam” and receive a grade of zero.
It is imperative that you do not get any help in completing this exam, from previous students, other students, Internet resources (unless instructed), or any others. This exam is to be completed individually. Tests that have similar answers to other students will fall under the Academic Dishonesty policy stated in the syllabus and those students will both receive a zero on the exam.
This exam must be turned in no later than Wednesday, February 9, 11:59 pm. All exams will be submitted as email attachments to both Dr. Amoroso and Ingrid. There are no late exams or extensions for any reason; late exams will receive a grade of zero. This is a 3-hour exam, plan ahead for delays. Do not turn in this exam at the last minute; there will not be any help during the evening hours on Wednesday from 8:00 pm – 11:59 pm prior to the deadline for this exam. Please turn in both the Word document with your answers. Name the file: Lastname-Midterm.docx.
Exam Questions
1. Discuss the definition of strategy? What is not a strategy from the Michael Porter video and class discussion (2 ½ pts). What is strategy (2 ½ pts.)?
Not Strategy
Is Strategy
2. (a) What is visioning, what are the 5 characteristics? (b) What are the 6 activities for developing the organizational purpose and who does them in the organization (10 pts.)
Visioning Characteristics
Activities for Developing Organizational Purpose
Who is working on activity
3. (a) Discuss the 4 steps you will use the Generic Strategies Model to analyze the industry, step by step and (b) which characteristics you will use to justify (data needed) your decisions (16 pts.)
Steps to analyzing the industry
Justification (Data Needed)
4. Discuss how you will justify (data needed) each of the following Five Forces Model characteristics (24 pts.)
Five Forces Model characteristic
Justification (Data Needed)
1. Rival concentration and balance
2. Access to distribution
3. Economies of scale
4. Industry growth
5. Buyer concentration thre ...
SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF QFD & AHPIJESM JOURNAL
In current scenario strong competitive pressure forces several organizations to available their products and services, cheaper, faster and improved than the rivals to their valuable customer. Managers have come to comprehend that they cannot do it individually without suitable vendors. Supply Chain Management empower the flows of material, information and funds in a association consisting of customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, which beings raw materials, maintain by internal operations complete with distribution of finished goods. In the continually changing world, assortment of appropriate vender is facilitating in supply chain management, selection of right vendor is extremely useful part of purchasing department. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for right supplier selection and evaluation and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis to enhance the effectiveness of outsourcing decisions. A selection that combines the subjective factors and objective factors and attitude of the decision maker decide the best supplier in the supply chain management system. The proposed integrated model could be used for supplier selection, which involves several quantitative and qualitative factors. Also could be used to determining the optimum order quantity. The propose method is a group decision making approach which shadows the traditional approaches of supplier selection.
Inflation is a continual increase in general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It is caused by many factors, important among them are excess of demand of goods and services over supply, macroeconomic performance, money supply, economic policies implications, environmental factors etc. A number of researchers in the past made attempts to identify determinants of inflation and to investigate the impact of identified variables on inflation in European and also in some Asian economies. But, in context of India, not many studies can be traced in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on the impact of selected variables on inflation in India. The paper considers CPI (Consumer Price Index) inflation as dependent variable and a set of independent macroeconomic variables, which includes Gross Domestic Product, Money Supply, Deposit Rate, Prime Lending Rate, Exchange Rate, Trade Volume (Value of Imports and Exports) and Crude Oil Prices. The empirical analysis covers the quarterly data series for ten financial years from 2002Q1 to 2012Q1. The collected data is analyzed using ADF Unit root test, Granger Causality test, and the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique.
This document calls for papers for a special issue of the International Journal of Consumer Studies on systematic literature reviews in consumer studies. It provides details on submission deadlines and guidelines, as well as tips for conducting high quality systematic reviews. The special issue editors are looking for comprehensive reviews that consolidate existing findings, reconcile conflicting results, identify research gaps, and suggest future research agendas. Reviews can focus on topics related to consumer behavior, culture, economics, and more.
This document summarizes a book review of "Food and Beverage Management" by Bernard D., Andrew L., Peter A. Ioannis S. In 3 sentences:
The book provides comprehensive coverage of managing food and beverage operations across different sectors. It discusses topics such as operations management, marketing, control systems, staffing, and trends in the industry. The reviewer finds the book to be a valuable resource for professionals, academics and students due to its clear presentation of concepts and inclusion of tools to apply knowledge.
Understanding the buying behavior habits of Turkish consumers - A study on He...Waleed Ahmed
This document summarizes research on understanding the buying habits of Turkish customers for herbs and spices. 10 interviews were conducted with Turkish women aged 25-35. Key findings include:
1) Respondents use herbs and spices daily in cooking and buy them monthly, preferring supermarkets for convenience over traditional stores.
2) Most respondents shop individually on a set route with a prepared list to save time.
3) Preferences were found for branded spices due to perceptions of quality, and factors like price, promotions and packaging were found to influence purchase decisions.
Introduction
What is definition and law of supply
Factors determine supply for health care services
Factors determine price & quantity of health care
What is the production function for health
Market equilibrium
Investing in the healthcare sector
Cost production in healthcare
Different healthcare system
Models of non-profit agencies
References
This document summarizes a study on pharmaceutical packaging preferences in Thailand. It provides background on trends in the pharmaceutical industry and reviews prior literature on packaging design. The study tested hypotheses about graphic styles, colors, typefaces, compositions and graphic elements. 186 Thai participants evaluated sample packages. Findings showed that curvy graphics, realistic images, and certain colors increased appeal, while typeface had little impact. Aesthetic appeal and trustworthiness were often unrelated. The study provides insights into how packaging design attributes influence perceptions in Thailand's pharmaceutical market.
Practices and ideas of supply chain management evolve and change fast. Modern information
and communication, for instance. The study is based on SCM's analysis as a business and industry. This
study provides a comprehensive investigation of attitudes, practises and designs based on the categories.
In order to handle supply chain management, we are exploring particular questions about SCD
integration, the instrument for planning and control and communication. The following are the key
results. To what extent SCM strategy and controls are used to improve suppliers and customers. The key
probity of SCM is cost efficiency, volume as well as delivery speed. It is also considered as an essential
input to the selection process of supply chain partners, now businesses want us to speed up the SC
operation through technology usage
Reaction of consumers against the rising milk prices in Vietnam: A case study...theijes
- The study examined consumer reactions to rising milk prices in Long Bien district, Hanoi, Vietnam. It surveyed 100 consumers and found that age, career, and household income significantly influenced reaction levels, with younger consumers, less stable jobs, and lower incomes correlating with stronger reactions.
- Most consumers saw milk prices as quite or very high and had neutral satisfaction with prices relative to quality. If prices increased further, most would moderately or strongly react by reducing purchases.
- The factors found to most affect consumer reaction levels were age (younger consumers reacted more strongly), household income (lower incomes correlated with stronger reactions), and career (less stable jobs correlated with stronger reactions).
Strategic Cost and Activating Competitive Advantageijtsrd
This study aimed to identify the Role of Strategic Costs (SCs) in Activating Competitive Advantage (Field Study in the Paints Companies - Khartoum State). The study tested two hypotheses which are: There is a significant relation between (SCs) and the Activating of the Competitive Advantage in the Sudanese Paints Companies in Khartoum State, there is a significant relation between (SCs) and the reduction of production costs in the Sudanese Paints Companies in Khartoum State. Researchers distributed (40) questionnaire forms among some of the workers in the field selected randomly (33) Forms were collected as 83%. Statistical package of social sciences programmer (SPSS) used for analyzing data. The study reached some findings from which: the strategic costs contribute in reducing costs during the products design stage, the companies has awareness in analyzing the competitive advantage situation to the competitors costs structure, the paints companies in Khartoum work to improve its operations and products continuously to decrease costs, Some of the study recommended to: there is necessity in applying the strategic cost methods together to activate the competitive advantage continuously , to do more studies in all the Sudanese industrial companies to the benefit of adopting the strategic cost in decreasing costs and to support the competitive advantage. Dr. Abubkr Ahmed Elhadi Abdelraheem | Dr. Badreldin Elhadi Ahmed Serajeldin | Aldouma Abdallah Abdalrahman Jedo"Strategic Cost and Activating Competitive Advantage" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd147.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/147/strategic-cost-and-activating-competitive-advantage/dr-abubkr-ahmed-elhadi-abdelraheem
Statistics is the science of data. It involves collecting, presenting, and characterizing data. It plays an important role in fields like industry, commerce, economics, and more by analyzing data. There are two main types of statistics: descriptive statistics which describes data through measures like average, and inferential statistics which makes decisions about population characteristics through estimation and hypothesis testing. Statistics helps answer questions about whether certain factors increase outcomes and helps predict things like election results. It is an essential tool in data science.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLIER SELECTION MODEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT OF A THA...IAEME Publication
The purpose of this research is to establish a supplier selection model for
maintenance operations in the petrochemical industry in Thailand. The research
identifies six factors that could be relevant to supplier selection success, including cost,
quality, time, reliability, flexibility, and human resources. A survey was conducted of
experts in maintenance supplier management in one of Thailand’s large petrochemical
firms (n = 113). Results were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and
structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings showed that there were significant
effects of cost, quality, flexibility, and human resources on the supplier selection
success. However, factors including time and reliability were not significant. The
implication of this research is that cost, quality, flexibility and human resources should
be used to select appropriate suppliers in petrochemical maintenance operations.
Limitations and opportunities for further research are also discussed for the findings.
Changes in consumer spending habits due to covid 19Paras Lakhotra
This report analyzes how consumers are reining their spendings in 2 two different periods i.e. pre lockdown and during the lockdown due to COVID-19 and then analyzing the changes in the behavior of the consumer that has been taking place. Hence using these insights to forecast the upcoming period.
This document analyzes consumer retail practices in Nueva Ecija, Philippines amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 351 respondents found that most were female, married, high school educated, and earned a low monthly income of PHP1,500-7,500. When buying products, respondents considered compatibility, brand, simplicity, and ease of use most important. Retailers are recommended to adapt marketing strategies to attract customers shopping elsewhere during the pandemic. The study provides insight into how consumer behaviors and retail preferences have changed due to the health crisis.
A Study on Customer’s Perception and Preferences towards Shopping Malls in Ch...ijtsrd
Shopping malls offered many advantages over the traditional markets. Pleasant ambience, protection from extreme weather conditions, convenience in terms of escalators and lifts, comfort of shopping, eating and watching movies at the same place, wide choice of shops, range of food options through food courts to name a few. However, the rush to be there in the mall boom has not gone well with all the malls. As the number of malls in the same locality was going up, some of the malls started struggling to survive. The study has identified the factors influencing positioning of malls in Chennai. Dr. R Sangeetha "A Study on Customer’s Perception and Preferences towards Shopping Malls in Chennai City" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49189.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/49189/a-study-on-customer’s-perception-and-preferences-towards-shopping-malls-in-chennai-city/dr-r-sangeetha
The Role of Own Saving in Solving the Problem of Capital Among SMEs.Student
This document discusses small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tanzania and their access to capital through saving. Some key points:
- SMEs contribute significantly to Tanzania's economy but often struggle to access financing to establish and grow their businesses. Their main sources of capital are typically personal savings, retained earnings, and informal loans.
- The study found that SMEs' level of saving and access to own capital was positively associated with their initial capital, daily profits, and number of dependents. Higher values in these areas led to greater saving and capital among SMEs.
- On average, SMEs' capital structures were comprised of 69.49% from own saving and
Issue involved in marketing of gm food products in indiaAlexander Decker
This document discusses issues involved in marketing genetically modified (GM) food products in India. It begins with an introduction to GM foods and their benefits, but also notes challenges to their market acceptance. The author aims to identify key factors affecting GM food acceptance in India, problems with their marketing, and potential solutions. The document outlines the study's objectives and methodology, which included a literature review, surveys of 150 consumers and 16 GM food marketers using structured questionnaires, and data analysis software. The responses would help address the research questions around acceptance factors, marketing problems, and recommended measures to improve GM food marketing.
The document analyzes health care access in Bangladesh using data from a survey of 664 households. It investigates the determinants of illness, choice of health care provider, and household out-of-pocket health expenditures. The summary is:
- The study uses survey data from 664 Bangladeshi households to analyze factors that influence illness, choice of health care provider, and household health care spending.
- Independent variables include individual characteristics, illness conditions, health facility attributes, household characteristics, environment, and economic status. Dependent variables include illness, choice of provider, and out-of-pocket expenditures.
- Preliminary univariate analysis of the survey data shows that 59% of respondents were young adults
This study examines consumer buying behavior towards electric vehicles in Coimbatore District, India. It aims to understand the demographic, psychological, environmental, economic, and social factors that influence purchasing decisions. Both primary data collected through surveys and secondary data from literature is used. The period of study is January to March 2023. Statistical analysis techniques will be used to analyze the data and identify relationships between variables.
Assignment 3 Long-Term Investment Decisions Due Week 9 and wort.docxsherni1
Assignment 3: Long-Term Investment Decisions
Due Week 9 and worth 300 points
Assume that the low-calorie microwavable food company from Assignments 1 and 2 wants to expand and has to make some long-term capital budgeting decisions.
Use the Internet to research government policies and regulation.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
1. Outline a plan that managers in the low-calorie microwaveable food company could follow when selecting pricing strategies for making their products as inelastic as possible. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Examine the major effects that government policies have on production and employment. Predict the potential effects that government policies could have on your company.
3. Determine whether or not government regulation to ensure fairness in the low-calorie microwavable food industry is needed. Cite the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. Provide two (2) examples of government involvement in a similar market economy to support your response.
4. Examine the major complexities that would arise under expansion via capital projects. Propose key actions that the company could take in order to prevent or address these complexities.
5. Suggest the substantive manner in which the company could create a convergence between the interests of stockholders and managers. Indicate the most likely impact to profitability of such a convergence. Provide two (2) examples of instances that support your response.
6. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Propose how differences in demand and elasticity lead managers to develop various pricing strategies.
• Analyze the economic impact of contracting, governance and organizational form within organizations.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial economics and globalization.
• Write clearly and concisely about managerial economics and globalization using proper writing mechanics
2
Running Head: Operations Decisions
Assignment 2: Operations Decisions
Toni Washington
Professor J. Elu
Econ 550
February 23, 2014
The Market Structure of the Low calorie Food Company
From the regression results in the previous assignment, it clearly shows that the product inelastic. Considering the elasticitie ...
The rapid emergence of branding in food retail in asiaKrishna Singh
This document summarizes a case study on the rapid emergence of branding in the makhana (gorgon nut) market in Bihar, India. The following key points are made:
- Branding of makhana has diffused rapidly, with the share of branded products doubling from 25% to 50% of the total market over five years.
- Two types of brands exist - low-price brands that focus on packaging with little quality consideration, and high-price brands that invest more in quality, advertising, and specialized salespeople.
- Information provided by most brands is incomplete or misleading regarding traceability, certification, and linkages to producers.
- While retail prices of branded products
INFO 6790 Midterm ExaminationDue Wednesday, February 9, 2022LaticiaGrissomzz
INFO 6790 Midterm Examination
Due Wednesday, February 9, 2022
Instructions
Please acknowledge by printing your name under this statement:
I have taken this exam independently. I have not asked for help from any other person, students or otherwise. I have not given help to any other person, students or otherwise. I have not used any communications to get or receive help to answer the questions on this exam.
Name: _____________________________________________________________
Answer each of the questions below as comprehensively as possible. DO NOT CHANGE THE CONTENT OR FORMAT OF THIS EXAM (Do not delete test questions, add, or delete text boxes, rows, columns, pages, change wording, change fonts or color or other formatting and content. All answers should be in green colored 9 pt. font – already set.) Anything altered in this exam will, when the exam is returned, result in an “incomplete exam” and receive a grade of zero.
It is imperative that you do not get any help in completing this exam, from previous students, other students, Internet resources (unless instructed), or any others. This exam is to be completed individually. Tests that have similar answers to other students will fall under the Academic Dishonesty policy stated in the syllabus and those students will both receive a zero on the exam.
This exam must be turned in no later than Wednesday, February 9, 11:59 pm. All exams will be submitted as email attachments to both Dr. Amoroso and Ingrid. There are no late exams or extensions for any reason; late exams will receive a grade of zero. This is a 3-hour exam, plan ahead for delays. Do not turn in this exam at the last minute; there will not be any help during the evening hours on Wednesday from 8:00 pm – 11:59 pm prior to the deadline for this exam. Please turn in both the Word document with your answers. Name the file: Lastname-Midterm.docx.
Exam Questions
1. Discuss the definition of strategy? What is not a strategy from the Michael Porter video and class discussion (2 ½ pts). What is strategy (2 ½ pts.)?
Not Strategy
Is Strategy
2. (a) What is visioning, what are the 5 characteristics? (b) What are the 6 activities for developing the organizational purpose and who does them in the organization (10 pts.)
Visioning Characteristics
Activities for Developing Organizational Purpose
Who is working on activity
3. (a) Discuss the 4 steps you will use the Generic Strategies Model to analyze the industry, step by step and (b) which characteristics you will use to justify (data needed) your decisions (16 pts.)
Steps to analyzing the industry
Justification (Data Needed)
4. Discuss how you will justify (data needed) each of the following Five Forces Model characteristics (24 pts.)
Five Forces Model characteristic
Justification (Data Needed)
1. Rival concentration and balance
2. Access to distribution
3. Economies of scale
4. Industry growth
5. Buyer concentration thre ...
A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalliijtsrd
Store atmosphere plays an important role in the retail market and also it is new concept to present the product with light, color, music, interior, exterior, fixtures and display. Store atmosphere is the way of presenting store by displaying the products to the customer. A proper store atmosphere help the store to increase the customer walk ins and in turn increase the sales of the product. The increase in competition has necessitated retailers to differentiate themselves from their competition Mr. Robinson. M | Shanmugapriya. P ""A Study on Store Atmosphere in Grocery Retail Market at Tiruchirappalli"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23668.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/23668/a-study-on-store-atmosphere-in-grocery-retail-market-at-tiruchirappalli/mr-robinson-m
A STUDY ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE ON FOREIGN AND LOCAL PRODUCTS WITH SPECIAL REF...Scott Bou
This document summarizes a study on consumer preferences for foreign and local products in Ernakulam District, India. It reviews previous literature on factors influencing consumer brand preferences. The study aims to analyze consumer preference for Indian vs. foreign brands and understand how brand perception, demographics, and awareness affect preferences for local brands. A survey was conducted of 50 college students in Ernakulam District. The results found that most respondents are quality conscious and notice quality first when making purchase decisions. Demographics like gender, age, and education were also analyzed. The study suggests consumers have low brand awareness and are often unaware of a brand's country of origin.
This document discusses how understanding consumer behavior and market segmentation can provide opportunities for an Australian exporter entering the Chinese market. It analyzes demographic and behavioral theories of segmentation and how they differ between China and Australia. Specifically, it examines life expectancy, income gaps, brand loyalty, preferences for quality and status, to identify opportunities like targeting older consumers or adapting marketing strategies for rural vs. urban areas. The conclusion states that properly applying consumer behavior and market segmentation research can help reduce risks when exporting to China.
This document discusses how two theories of consumer behavior - demographic and behavioral segmentation - apply differently in China compared to Australia, providing opportunities for an Australian exporter. Demographic segmentation looks at factors like age, income, gender. China has a growing elderly population, while Australia already has many elderly, indicating a market for age-appropriate products. Behavioral segmentation examines culture and lifestyles. Chinese consumers value functional features and status/prestige, while Australians are often brand loyal, especially for expensive purchases. These differences must be understood to successfully market in China versus Australia.
UNDERSTANDING CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR AND CONSUMPTION IN THE ORAL CARE ...TIEZHENG YUAN
The key findings from the secondary research are:
1. Young adults aged 16-24 are most interested in teeth whitening benefits from oral care products.
2. While hygiene benefits like preventing cavities and gum disease are important, consumers increasingly seek cosmetic benefits like whitening teeth.
3. Toothpaste manufacturers offer a variety of products focused on both hygiene and cosmetic benefits like whitening teeth.
Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxssuser562afc1
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi.
Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxkarlhennesey
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi ...
Assessment on the effectiveness of the universally accessible cheaper and qua...Honey0613
This document provides an introduction and rationale for a study on assessing the effectiveness of the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008 (UACQMA) as perceived by students of the Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology (DOSCST). It discusses the high cost of drugs in the Philippines compared to other countries and how UACQMA aimed to make medicines more affordable and accessible. The objectives and scope of the study are outlined. A literature review discusses related studies on the impact of high drug prices on health and poverty in the Philippines. The methodology explains that the study will focus on DOSCST students and use a questionnaire to collect data on perceptions of UACQMA's effectiveness.
we gone through the actual management problem and the objectives for it,
and i undergone to offline survey process by using public opinion by
collecting all these data and I given conclusion part as creating coding
sheet for the final reference.
By,
GAGANA JAGADISH
VIVEK C P
Thailand Oral Care Market Analysis Sample ReportInsights10
Thailand's over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals market size was valued at $137.5 Mn in 2022 and is estimated to expand at a CAGR of 5.36% from 2022 to 2030 and will reach $208.8 Mn in 2030. OTC are non-prescription medications and are a vital component of the healthcare system, offering consumers accessible solutions for a wide range of common health issues. The market is segmented by product type and distribution channel. To get a detailed report, contact us at - info@insights10.com
Similar to Impact of price hike over lower middle class (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
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Impact of price hike over lower middle class
1. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
Impact of Price Hike over Lower Middle Class: A Case Study
on Dhaka Metropolitan Area and Sylhet Division of
Bangladesh.
Shamsu Uddin Shakib1*
1. Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Leading University, Modhuban, Sylhet-3100,
Bangladesh.
* E-mail- sushakib@yahoo.com
Abstract
This paper is the outcome of a research conducted to analyze the impact of price hike over lower middle
class people. The paper has been divided into two major sections, namely, Theoretical over view and the
Research. The section called Theoretical over view consists of detailed information regarding pricing
strategy, price changes as well as pricing policy. The section called The Research consists of the
Introduction containing Background of the Research, Problem Enunciation, and Rationale of the Study,
Objectives, Methodology, Data Analysis, Findings, and Recommendations. By handle a wide variety of
products ranging from consumer goods like Rice, atta, soybean oil, palm oil, masur dal, potato, onion,
garlic, powder milk sugar, soap, toothpaste, condoms, contraceptive pills, soft drinks, toiletries, agricultural,
pharmaceutical and even telecommunication products selling market gather essential respondent who are
fighting against recent hikes. The purpose of the research was to make a comparison between the behaviors
of different consumer of different professions and identify what is their actual demand related to consumer
goods because of price hikes.
Keywords: Strategy, Behavior, Price Hike, Consumer, Demand.
1. Introduction
In the world of globalization, internationalization, competition or consumerism, the business enterprises or
organization of the world strives to please or to satisfy the consumers directly and indirectly. The price hike
of necessary food commodities has a major impact on food security particularly on the marginalized section
of the society in Bangladesh. Current raise in domestic cost of production of food, together with high price
in international market may boost up further food inflation, leaving adverse effects on the poor. Most of the
poor spend more than half their income on food. Price hikes for essential commodities can force them to cut
back on the quantity or quality of their food as well as change their consumption patterns.
Recently, the researcher commissioned a study of people's attitudes and behavior as well as the situation of
lower middle class people who struggle very much against economic crises. The results gained from the
study make interesting reading and could be useful to the government in its efforts to address issues such as
price hike.
2. Background of the study
It is obvious nowadays that the price of everything ranging from essential daily commodities to
transportation, educational, medical and other expenses are increasing. According to the study, as a
consequence of the price hike, the majority (97.7 percent) of people of Dhaka metropolitan city and other
parts of the country are facing deep trouble in coping with the situation. In Dhaka city 43.8 percent of the
people think that because of price increase almost everything, they are encountering economic hardship. To
help people to overcome this economic crisis Government should come forward and take steps against this
price hike.
2.1 Objective of the study
2.1.1 Broad Objective
To measure the consumer response in shopping due to Price Hike specially lowers middle class.
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2. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
2.1.1 Specific Objective
1. Reasons for price hike in view of respondents.
2. Ways of coping up with price hike of people.
3. To identifying the specific consumption areas mostly affected by the price hike.
4. To identifying the changing pattern of bargaining of consumers while shopping.
5. To identify the crises of lower middle class.
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Data Collection Source & Method
The study is a quantitative study relied on the primary sources of data. A combination of location &
stratified random sampling method was used for the study. Researcher developed an interview schedule
containing dichotomous, close-ended & open-ended questions. Before the main study, an in-house small
study was carried out to figure out the simplicity of the interview schedule. The study is a quantitative study
where prim it has surveys among the target group.
2.2.1 Structure of the research
This research is quantitative and descriptive because the data were collected from various sources and it
was explained in details with related tables, graphs and necessary written information is also available here.
It is quantitative because researcher considers some similar characteristics which can measure various
issues. Researcher went too many middle class families and tired to collect the data and information about
the impact of price hikes.
2.3 Research Design
For the study researcher developed a research design in the following way:
2.3.1 Sample Criteria
• Age 18 years & above.
• Regardless of Sex.
• Lower middle socio- economic class
2.3.2 Sample Size
Respondent: 153 (Male and Female) randomly selected.
2.3.3 Area Coverage
The middle class families’ of Sylhet division & Dhaka metropolitan area (Bangladesh) have been
considering as the population of the research. Because many families of this area fight against recent price
hikes.
2.3.4 Questionnaires
A structured technique for data collection consisting of a series of questions, written to which a respondent
replies comprise with both close and open-ended questions.
2.3.5 Analysis Procedure
Frequency distribution using MS EXCEL and cross-tabulation using SPSS are used to analyze the data.
3. Theoretical Background
Every Research study is based on the theory. This theory is known as the theoretical background of the
study. That means the theoretical background gives authentic support for successful completion of research
work. The essential market theory and concept of the study may be defined below.
Survey, in statistics, a method of collecting data in which people are asked to answer a number of questions
(usually in the form of a questionnaire).An opinion poll is an example of a survey. The reliability of a
survey’s results depends on whether the sample of people from which the information has been collected is
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
free from bias and sufficiently large.
Price fixing by marketer of Bangladesh and one class one stockiest partially responsible for recent high
prices. Insufficient productive sector low contributions by agriculture in GDP as well as international
trading discrimination are the factors of price hikes.
Wiggins et al, (2010), in their discussion paper, ‘Food Price Crisis Frequently Asked questions’ highlighted
the issue of rising food prices came to international attention in early 2008. Due to price hike of essential
commodities in the local market, the poor has to suffer a lot resulting into high dropout rate of boys for
helping their families in income generation. Bangladesh Economic Update, (June 2011), highlighted that
the dropout rate of boys was 6.11 percent higher than girls in 2005 and 6.88 percent in 2010. Among the
non-poor families, only 8.89 percent boys dropped out in 2010 from the age group of 11-15 years, however,
17.48 percent dropped out from poor families. The increase in food and non-food prices erodes the
purchasing power of the poor. The poor women both in urban and rural have to suffer a lot due to high food
and non-food prices. The urban women slum dwellers, female headed households and rural poor women are
more vulnerable. There exists a positive relationship between food inflation and poverty. As the food
inflation increases, the additional number of people goes under the poverty line. People living below
poverty line in 2000 were 55.8 million when the food inflation was 2.68 percent. This rate of food inflation
increased to 7.91 percent in 2005 and at the same time another 0.2 million people newly gone under
poverty line. Food inflation of 11.0 percent (12-Month average) in April 1011 indicates that more people
are likely to go under poverty line in the upcoming years. Prices precursors to every thing that happens in
the market economy. People’s right to know: The Daily Star Web Edition Vol.5 Num 601(March 8, 2008)
reported that according to a survey report in 2007 the cost of living increased by10.48 percent. According to
another press report the International Monetary Fund mission that visited Bangladesh recently expressed
dissatisfaction over rising inflation rate which has already crossed 6.5 per cent this year against the
government target of 4.5 percent.
The impact of price hike of essential commodities on high and low income groups is different because of
different consumption levels and patterns. The main cause of the high inflation today is cost push, fuelled
by rise in prices of food, which accounts for the largest part of poor people’s consumption. Since CPI
influences people of different income levels differently, it cannot reflect the real predicament of the poor.
However, Consumer Price Indexes (CPI) in April 2011 were 246.24 (general), 275.02 (food) and 207.23
(non-food).
The food price of necessary commodities is rising rapidly since 2007 and climbed at the highest peak of the
decade in 2008. Though, prices declined a bit in 2009 but again on track to rise from 2010 and till June
2011. Prices of most of the necessary commodities have risen more than those of 2008. If taken 2005 as
base year, the scenario of food prices in 2011 becomes a subject of shock and awe. The prices of coarse,
medium and fine rice have been nearly doubled in 2011 than those of 2005. The prices of soybean and palm
oil increased by 118.36 and 146.15 percent by June 2011 relative to 2005. The price of garlic in 2005 was
Tk. 54/Kg while it increased by 168.52 percent by June 2011 and the price at present has averaged at Tk.
145/Kg. The prices of different types of pulses have increased over the years at staggering rate. The prices
of baby food items, powder milk and sugar are also on an upward movement. Under the business as usual
scenario, the prices of all commodities may rise further during the month of Ramadan, if the past trend
prevail. It might be very difficult for the poor people to manage three meals a day when the prices of
necessary commodities are on the rise and unstable.
[Insert Table: 1 about here]
The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (2011), in its report ‘The State of Food Insecurity
in the World 2011’, highlighted the differential impacts that the world food crisis of 2006-08 had on
different countries where the poorest were most affected. While some large countries were able to deal with
the worst of the crisis, people in many small import-dependent countries experienced large price increases
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ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
that, even when only temporary, can have permanent effects on their future earnings capacity and ability to
escape poverty and increase number of undernourished people in the world.
No one really knows how many people are malnourished. The statistic most frequently cited is that of the
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, which measures ‘undernourished’. The FAO did not
publish an estimate in its most recent publication, 'The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011' as it is
undertaking a major revision of how it estimates food insecurity. FAO (2010), estimate the most recent,
says that 925 million people were undernourished in 2010. World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics
(2011), highlighted the figure below shows, the number of hungry people has increased since 1995-97. The
increase has been due to three factors: 1) neglect of agriculture relevant to very poor people by
governments and international agencies; 2) the current worldwide economic crisis, and 3) the significant
increase of food prices in the last several years which have been devastating to those with only a few
dollars a day to spend. 925 million people are 13.6 percent of the estimated world population of 6.8 billion.
[Insert Graph: 1 about here]
4. Findings
This research is aimed at finding out the impact of price hike over the lower middle class. Out of 97.7
percent people only 9.8 percent are trying to reduce using electrical appliances to reduce their electric bill,
but 8 percent of the people are reducing their daily bazaar, 6.7 percent stopped going out unnecessarily, and
4.9 percent are not attending social parties.
• In Shreemongal, (Sylhet, Bangladesh) 2.3 percent of the people do not bargain at all while doing
their daily bazaar. However, it was revealed that during their daily bazaar 45.6 percent of the
consumers were bargaining regularly and 45 percent occasionally. In purchasing fish and
vegetables, 30.2 percent bargain.
• 81.9 percent of the people in Sylhet area do not think of cutting the education expenses of their
children.42.9 percent try to reduce their education expenses by not keeping private tutors and 21.4
percent try to teach their children themselves. Moreover, a significant percentage of parents
convince their children to use bus instead of motor vehicles, advise their children to use
stationeries properly, and give homemade Tiffin for school.
• 75.4 percent of the people participate in entertainment related activities. Those who participate,
among them 26.3 percent watches TV, 18.4 percent read newspaper, and 10.5 percent go for
outings as their sources of entertainment in Dhaka city.
• To cope with medical expenses, 38.5 percent in Sylhet area try to avoid going to specialist as
much as possible because of high fees, while 20.3 percent take medicine when they feel it is
necessary and 11.1 percent try to take homeopathic medicines in case of normal and even in
complex diseases.
• 10.4 percent opinioned that population boom, 9.0 percent administrative inefficiency, 7.6 percent
corruption, and 3.5 percent opinioned that political pandemonium were the main reasons for price
hike. Beside those, the reasons people pointed out are black money, greediness of businessmen,
extra imposed tax and VAT, changing life style of people, increased demand of people, etc.
• 23.6 percent opinioned that population boom, 5.5 percent political pandemonium, 3.6 percent
corruption and administrative inefficiency, and 2.4 percent opined that the new pay scale were the
main reasons for price hike. Beside these, the other reasons people pointed out are changing life
style of people, terrorism, and competition among people for status and advertisement.
• Recent price hikes responsible for up growing social crises.
• Price Hikes increase social & economic discrimination as well as creates various social classes.
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Vol 4, No.3, 2012
• More than 66% people of lower middle class (Income below BDT 10000/-) are failing to meet
fundamental needs.
• 54 %( Approx) people (Income below BDT 10000/-) are failing to get proper treatment or
suggestion of a specialist physician.
5. Recommendation
It is obvious nowadays that the price of everything ranging from essential daily commodities to
transportation, educational, medical and other expenses are increasing. According to the study, as a
consequence of the price hike, the majority (97.7 percent) of the people in Dhaka metropolitan city and in
other parts of the country are facing deep trouble in coping with the situation. In Sylhet & Dhaka city 44.30
& 43.8 percent of the people think that because of price increase of almost everything, they are
encountering economic hardship.
To help people to overcome this economic crisis people from all walks of life should come forward and
take necessary steps against this price hikes. Following steps should be taken quick action:
1) To control price of commodity deposit rate and lending rate of Banks should control.
2) Provide more importance to agriculture sector.
3) Control Business syndicate as well as stockiest who create artificial crises in market.
4) Provide micro credit facility by government. The interest rate of that disbursement should not more
than 6%.
5) Import duties of fundamental goods have to deduct.
6) Consider corporate tax rate.
7) Established government regulated mega shop.
8) Tax rate of medical instrument & medicine should minimum.
Long run Action:
1) To remove unemployment problem seek different sources of sector.
2) Utilize our natural gas directly by government.
3) Growth rate of population control.
4) Indifferent monetary policy provides both public & private sector.
5) Overall control of malpractice.
6. Conclusion
Price hike of essential commodities has been a matter of constant concern for the people of Bangladesh in
general and the poor and the fixed wage earner in particular. Due to increase in food prices, inflation is up
in many countries and the external balances of most net commodity importers have deteriorated. These are
affecting the net food importing developing countries very badly. Even within the countries which are
expected to benefit, the poorer segment of the society or the net food buyers are likely to suffer from such
rising food prices. On balance, poverty is expected to rise in the poorer countries like Bangladesh. The
short-run impacts of higher staple food prices on poverty may differ considerably by commodity and by
country, but, poverty increases are much more frequent, and larger, than poverty reductions. The recent
large increases in food prices appear likely to raise overall poverty in low income countries like Bangladesh
substantially.
References
Bangladesh Economic Update, (2011). [Online] Available:
http://www.unnayan.org/reports/meu/june_11/meu_jun_2011.pdf.
Consumer Price Indexes, (April 2011). [Online] Available:
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6. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Accounts%20Reports/CPI/cpi_ap
ril-11.pdf?page=/PageReportLists.aspx?PARENTKEY=145
Food and Agriculture Organization (2011), “The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2011” (October
2011). [Online] Available: http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/
Joachim, von Braun (December 2008), “Food and Financial Crisis: Implications for Agriculture and the
Poor”, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Food Policy Report No. 20.
Ivanic, Maros. & Martin, Will (April 2008), “Implications of higher global food prices for poverty in
low-income countries”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No WPS4594.
People’s right to know: The Daily Star Web Edition Vol.5 Num 601 (Sun. February 05, 2006). [Online]
Available: www.thedailystar.net/2006/02/05/d6020501044.htm
Haider, Raana (1995), “A perspective in development: gender focus”, Edition 2, University Press, Original
from the University of Virginia Digitized 26 Jul 2008, ISBN 9840513168, 9789840513161.
Sadiquellah, A.M.M. (Wednesday, December 22, 2010) "Price hike and people's attitude”, The Daily Star,
Popular Daily English Newspaper of Bangladesh. [Online] Available:
www.slideshare.net/sadiqlueullah/price-hike-and-peoples-attitude.
Wiggins, S. et al. (October 2010), “Food Price Crisis Frequently Asked questions”, Discussion Papers,
Overseas Development Institute (ODI).
World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics (2011), World Hunger Education Service. [Online] Available:
http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm
Table 1. Percentage of retail price change of essential commodities
Commodity Unit 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rice(Coarse) 1 kg 16 17 21 31 22 29 32
Rice(Medium) 1 kg 19 19 24 35 26 34 39
Rice(Fine) 1 kg 24 23 27 40 32 39 46
Atta(White) 1 kg 18 20 27 37 20 23 30
Soyabean Oil 1 Lit. 49 53 73 104 75 80 107
Palm Oil 1 Lit. 39 45 71 85 60 69 96
Masur Dal 1 Kg 48 59 65 90 99 100 91
Potato 1 kg 18 17 17 14 21 13 9
Onion 1 kg 30 16 33 21 26 23 21
Garlic 1 kg 54 70 56 34 55 125 145
Powder Milk 2 kg 637 681 890 1114 1089 981 982
(Dano)
Sugar 1 kg 43 45 32 35 43 48 57
Egg(Farm Red) 4 pcs. 21 17 17 22 26 24 24
Source: Department of Agricultural Marketing, Ministry of Agriculture, Peoples Republic of
Bangladesh, June 2011.
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7. European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1905 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2839 (Online)
Vol 4, No.3, 2012
Graph 1. Number of undernourished people in the world
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