Assignment 3: Long-Term Investment Decisions
Due Week 9 and worth 300 points
Assume that the low-calorie microwavable food company from Assignments 1 and 2 wants to expand and has to make some long-term capital budgeting decisions.
Use the Internet to research government policies and regulation.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
1. Outline a plan that managers in the low-calorie microwaveable food company could follow when selecting pricing strategies for making their products as inelastic as possible. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Examine the major effects that government policies have on production and employment. Predict the potential effects that government policies could have on your company.
3. Determine whether or not government regulation to ensure fairness in the low-calorie microwavable food industry is needed. Cite the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. Provide two (2) examples of government involvement in a similar market economy to support your response.
4. Examine the major complexities that would arise under expansion via capital projects. Propose key actions that the company could take in order to prevent or address these complexities.
5. Suggest the substantive manner in which the company could create a convergence between the interests of stockholders and managers. Indicate the most likely impact to profitability of such a convergence. Provide two (2) examples of instances that support your response.
6. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic resource.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Propose how differences in demand and elasticity lead managers to develop various pricing strategies.
• Analyze the economic impact of contracting, governance and organizational form within organizations.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial economics and globalization.
• Write clearly and concisely about managerial economics and globalization using proper writing mechanics
2
Running Head: Operations Decisions
Assignment 2: Operations Decisions
Toni Washington
Professor J. Elu
Econ 550
February 23, 2014
The Market Structure of the Low calorie Food Company
From the regression results in the previous assignment, it clearly shows that the product inelastic. Considering the elasticitie ...
Operations DecisionECO550 Assignment 2Lydia L. BrooksRunning.docxhopeaustin33688
Operations Decision
ECO550 Assignment 2
Lydia L. Brooks
Running Head: OPERATIONS DECISION 2
OPERATIONS DECISION 3
February 16, 2014
Operations Decision
Introduction
There are countless low calorie microwavable food options in the market today that are available for purchase. As people experience a higher income, they can afford a better lifestyle than was previously accessible; therefore, people’s cooking style has changed. Instead of using traditional cooking methods, people now use microwaves to cook. With this microwave usage rise, a rise in microwavable food items has also occurred. With so many diverse products available it is so very easy to find and purchase a healthy choice of microwavable food. A low-calorie or healthy selection of diet choice is one that includes a good source of protein; in addition to containing a minimum of 3 grams of fiber (to satisfy), and also has no more than 600 milligrams of sodium (Zelman, n.d.).
Some of the manufacturer options are: Lean Cuisine and Healthy Choice. Both of them are major competitors in the frozen food market. Lean Cuisine, a part of Stouffer’s (which dates back to the 1920’s) was acquired by Nestlé 1981 and has since then expanded its market in the US, Canada and Australia. Lean Cuisine offers a wide variety of frozen foods and is one of the top choices for low calorie food (Nestle', n.d.).
Healthy Choice, manufactured by ConAgra, is another principal low calorie frozen food supplier. They are Lean Cuisine’s biggest competitor. The market segment is decided by three criteria which are the variables behavioralistic, psychographic and profile (Company history, n.d.) (Market segmentation, n.d.).
Behavioralistic segmentation variables are those that are pursued from product and buying patterns such as volume of purchase, brand loyalty, readiness to buy and frequency (to name a few) and may be judged to be the primary basis. This variable has the advantage of using variables that are intimately related to the product itself; it is a somewhat direct beginning point for market segmentation (Market segmentation, n.d.)
Psychographic segmentation variables are used when purchasing behavior compares with consumer lifestyle or personality. Consumers who hold diverse personality and lifestyle trends also become biased towards particular products. Their economic and social standing determine their choices (Market segmentation, n.d.).
Profiling is not the most important gauge for market segmentation. Upon determining the differences in the markets, it also must be decided what channel through which these are exhibited. Profile variables like socio-economic group or physical locations are extremely essential in choosing the target audience (Market segmentation, n.d.).
In deciding the market structure for the food industry, first one would have to keep in mind their target audience. It is vital to do a strong study of the economic growth of the entire food industry. Additionally, the.
Assignment 2 Operations Decision Due Week 6 and worth 300 points .docxsherni1
This document outlines an assignment for a course on operations decision making. Students are asked to:
1. Analyze the market structure of a low-calorie food company and assess its effectiveness.
2. Predict how changes in market structure would impact business operations.
3. Analyze production and cost functions and suggest ways to use this information for decision making.
The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper addressing these points, using at least 5 academic sources. It is worth 300 points and is due in week 6.
Functional food and food ingredients marketingARMEN MEHRABYAN
1. The document discusses strategies for developing and marketing specialty foods, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
2. Key aspects of specialty food marketing include establishing the scientific relationship between ingredients and health benefits, demonstrating efficacy at safe levels, and accurately informing consumers.
3. Developing a marketing plan is also essential, including defining target customers, competitors, pricing, and promotion strategies. Market research should identify trends, demand, and how to position products in niche markets not filled by mass retailers.
This document provides a group project report for a marketing management course. It includes an analysis of the restaurant industry covering topics such as the economy, laws and regulations, costs, competition, and technology. It then presents the group's proposed restaurant concept called La' Giardino, including its mission statement, SWOT analysis, target market, marketing goals, and marketing mix strategies. The key details are that the group proposes an Italian garden-themed restaurant targeting upper and middle-income families in the Shahrai Faisal area of Karachi, Pakistan with competitive pricing and a focus on fresh, healthy foods.
Forecasting and decision making are important for businesses to plan effectively amid risk and uncertainty. Economic forecasting helps businesses understand changes in the broader environment so they can formulate strategies. Demand forecasting also allows businesses to predict sales and allocate resources appropriately. Qualitative techniques like expert opinions and surveys, and quantitative techniques like time series analysis are commonly used for demand forecasting. The results of forecasting assist both businesses and governments in planning investments and policies.
This literature review discusses several past studies on consumer perceptions and behaviors related to retail stores. One study compares consumers' perceptions of superstores versus family-run stores in Bangkok, finding consumers preferred the lower prices, variety and environment of superstores but also wanted restrictions on their expansion. Another examines customers' satisfaction with various marketing factors of the retail chain Big Bazaar in India. A third discusses psychological factors like motivation, perception, learning and beliefs that influence consumers' buying choices.
A study on consumer behavior of aavin milk in bhel townshipdagaashutosh
This document summarizes a study on consumer behavior regarding the purchase of Aavin milk in Bhel Township, Trichy. The study had several objectives: to assess consumer satisfaction with Aavin milk, identify factors influencing milk consumption, assess consumer awareness of milk brands, and evaluate advertising effectiveness. A sample of 120 consumers was surveyed using an interview questionnaire. Key findings included that quality was the most important factor influencing brand loyalty, 60% of respondents preferred Aavin for its quality, and 45% of respondents were highly satisfied with Aavin. Suggestions included reducing Aavin's price to be more competitive and improving extra quality and sales promotion efforts.
A study on consumer behavior of aavin milk in bhel townshipdagaashutosh
This document summarizes a study on consumer behavior regarding the purchase of Aavin milk in Bhel Township, Trichy. The study had several objectives: to assess consumer satisfaction with Aavin milk, identify factors influencing milk consumption, assess consumer awareness of milk brands, and evaluate advertising effectiveness. A sample of 120 consumers was surveyed using an interview questionnaire. Key findings included that quality was the most important factor influencing brand loyalty, 60% of respondents preferred Aavin for its quality, and 45% of respondents were highly satisfied with Aavin. Suggestions included reducing Aavin's price to be more competitive and improving extra quality and sales promotion efforts.
Operations DecisionECO550 Assignment 2Lydia L. BrooksRunning.docxhopeaustin33688
Operations Decision
ECO550 Assignment 2
Lydia L. Brooks
Running Head: OPERATIONS DECISION 2
OPERATIONS DECISION 3
February 16, 2014
Operations Decision
Introduction
There are countless low calorie microwavable food options in the market today that are available for purchase. As people experience a higher income, they can afford a better lifestyle than was previously accessible; therefore, people’s cooking style has changed. Instead of using traditional cooking methods, people now use microwaves to cook. With this microwave usage rise, a rise in microwavable food items has also occurred. With so many diverse products available it is so very easy to find and purchase a healthy choice of microwavable food. A low-calorie or healthy selection of diet choice is one that includes a good source of protein; in addition to containing a minimum of 3 grams of fiber (to satisfy), and also has no more than 600 milligrams of sodium (Zelman, n.d.).
Some of the manufacturer options are: Lean Cuisine and Healthy Choice. Both of them are major competitors in the frozen food market. Lean Cuisine, a part of Stouffer’s (which dates back to the 1920’s) was acquired by Nestlé 1981 and has since then expanded its market in the US, Canada and Australia. Lean Cuisine offers a wide variety of frozen foods and is one of the top choices for low calorie food (Nestle', n.d.).
Healthy Choice, manufactured by ConAgra, is another principal low calorie frozen food supplier. They are Lean Cuisine’s biggest competitor. The market segment is decided by three criteria which are the variables behavioralistic, psychographic and profile (Company history, n.d.) (Market segmentation, n.d.).
Behavioralistic segmentation variables are those that are pursued from product and buying patterns such as volume of purchase, brand loyalty, readiness to buy and frequency (to name a few) and may be judged to be the primary basis. This variable has the advantage of using variables that are intimately related to the product itself; it is a somewhat direct beginning point for market segmentation (Market segmentation, n.d.)
Psychographic segmentation variables are used when purchasing behavior compares with consumer lifestyle or personality. Consumers who hold diverse personality and lifestyle trends also become biased towards particular products. Their economic and social standing determine their choices (Market segmentation, n.d.).
Profiling is not the most important gauge for market segmentation. Upon determining the differences in the markets, it also must be decided what channel through which these are exhibited. Profile variables like socio-economic group or physical locations are extremely essential in choosing the target audience (Market segmentation, n.d.).
In deciding the market structure for the food industry, first one would have to keep in mind their target audience. It is vital to do a strong study of the economic growth of the entire food industry. Additionally, the.
Assignment 2 Operations Decision Due Week 6 and worth 300 points .docxsherni1
This document outlines an assignment for a course on operations decision making. Students are asked to:
1. Analyze the market structure of a low-calorie food company and assess its effectiveness.
2. Predict how changes in market structure would impact business operations.
3. Analyze production and cost functions and suggest ways to use this information for decision making.
The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper addressing these points, using at least 5 academic sources. It is worth 300 points and is due in week 6.
Functional food and food ingredients marketingARMEN MEHRABYAN
1. The document discusses strategies for developing and marketing specialty foods, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
2. Key aspects of specialty food marketing include establishing the scientific relationship between ingredients and health benefits, demonstrating efficacy at safe levels, and accurately informing consumers.
3. Developing a marketing plan is also essential, including defining target customers, competitors, pricing, and promotion strategies. Market research should identify trends, demand, and how to position products in niche markets not filled by mass retailers.
This document provides a group project report for a marketing management course. It includes an analysis of the restaurant industry covering topics such as the economy, laws and regulations, costs, competition, and technology. It then presents the group's proposed restaurant concept called La' Giardino, including its mission statement, SWOT analysis, target market, marketing goals, and marketing mix strategies. The key details are that the group proposes an Italian garden-themed restaurant targeting upper and middle-income families in the Shahrai Faisal area of Karachi, Pakistan with competitive pricing and a focus on fresh, healthy foods.
Forecasting and decision making are important for businesses to plan effectively amid risk and uncertainty. Economic forecasting helps businesses understand changes in the broader environment so they can formulate strategies. Demand forecasting also allows businesses to predict sales and allocate resources appropriately. Qualitative techniques like expert opinions and surveys, and quantitative techniques like time series analysis are commonly used for demand forecasting. The results of forecasting assist both businesses and governments in planning investments and policies.
This literature review discusses several past studies on consumer perceptions and behaviors related to retail stores. One study compares consumers' perceptions of superstores versus family-run stores in Bangkok, finding consumers preferred the lower prices, variety and environment of superstores but also wanted restrictions on their expansion. Another examines customers' satisfaction with various marketing factors of the retail chain Big Bazaar in India. A third discusses psychological factors like motivation, perception, learning and beliefs that influence consumers' buying choices.
A study on consumer behavior of aavin milk in bhel townshipdagaashutosh
This document summarizes a study on consumer behavior regarding the purchase of Aavin milk in Bhel Township, Trichy. The study had several objectives: to assess consumer satisfaction with Aavin milk, identify factors influencing milk consumption, assess consumer awareness of milk brands, and evaluate advertising effectiveness. A sample of 120 consumers was surveyed using an interview questionnaire. Key findings included that quality was the most important factor influencing brand loyalty, 60% of respondents preferred Aavin for its quality, and 45% of respondents were highly satisfied with Aavin. Suggestions included reducing Aavin's price to be more competitive and improving extra quality and sales promotion efforts.
A study on consumer behavior of aavin milk in bhel townshipdagaashutosh
This document summarizes a study on consumer behavior regarding the purchase of Aavin milk in Bhel Township, Trichy. The study had several objectives: to assess consumer satisfaction with Aavin milk, identify factors influencing milk consumption, assess consumer awareness of milk brands, and evaluate advertising effectiveness. A sample of 120 consumers was surveyed using an interview questionnaire. Key findings included that quality was the most important factor influencing brand loyalty, 60% of respondents preferred Aavin for its quality, and 45% of respondents were highly satisfied with Aavin. Suggestions included reducing Aavin's price to be more competitive and improving extra quality and sales promotion efforts.
This document provides an overview of marketing concepts through an interactive PowerPoint presentation intended for A-level students. It covers topics such as the consumer market, new product development, market segmentation, and the product life cycle. The presentation is divided into sections that can be accessed through buttons and includes definitions, examples, and quiz questions. The overall content explains key marketing strategies and considerations related to identifying customer needs and developing new food products.
The document discusses the marketing environment and its key elements. It covers the microenvironment including internal factors like employees and the company itself, as well as external factors like customers, suppliers, and competitors. It also discusses the macroenvironment including political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental forces. A 5 forces model is introduced to analyze competitive forces like threat of new entry and power of buyers and suppliers.
This document discusses various marketing environment forces that affect marketing decisions including political, legal, regulatory, societal, economic, competitive, and technological forces. It provides examples of how each force influences customers' preferences and needs as well as marketing managerial decisions. The document also outlines several laws and government agencies in the US that regulate industries and protect consumers through enforced regulations and standards.
1. The document discusses market structure, forces, and culture as they relate to Nestle's business environment. It analyzes monopolistic competition as Nestle's market structure and discusses the advantages and disadvantages. It also examines demand and supply, PESTEL analysis, and Porter's Five Forces model to understand the market forces. Finally, it defines culture and compares differences in areas like names, communication, and equal treatment between the US and other countries.
2. The document then discusses Nestle's market segmentation approaches including demography, geography, age, social class, lifestyle, and personality. It analyzes how Nestle can target various segments like people in higher social classes and those interested in health, sports, or outdoors
Assignment 3 long term investment decisionscoursesexams1
This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs as it considers expansion. Students must address pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, the effects of government policies on production and the company, the need for regulation in the industry, complexities of expansion through capital projects, and aligning manager and stockholder interests. The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper citing at least 5 academic sources and following APA or other specified formatting.
Assignment 3 long term investment decisionscoursesexams1
This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs as it considers expansion. Students must address pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, the effects of government policies on production and the company, the need for regulation in the industry, complexities of expansion through capital projects, and aligning manager and stockholder interests. The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper citing at least 5 academic sources and following APA or other specified formatting.
Assignment 3 long term investment decisionscoursesexams1
This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs and considering expansion. Students are asked to outline pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, examine the effects of government policies on production and employment, determine if regulation is needed in the industry, propose actions to address complexities of expansion projects, suggest how to align manager and stockholder interests, and cite at least five academic sources in a 6-8 page paper. The document provides grading criteria and learning outcomes for the assignment.
ECO550179VA016-1168-001 - MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & GLOBALI
Week 9 Assignment 3 - Submit Here
Quanise Richardson on Mon, Nov 28 2016, 10:50 AM
63% highest match
Submission ID: 4c2f5ce2-3b30-4e86-acd0-edd89fe4c99d
· Assignment_3_Long-Term_Investment_Decisi.docx
Word Count: 2,646
Attachment ID: 144852972
63%
Citations (14/14)
1. 1Another student's paper
2. 2Another student's paper
3. 3Another student's paper
4. 4Another student's paper
5. 5Another student's paper
6. 6Another student's paper
7. 7Another student's paper
8. 8Another student's paper
9. 9Another student's paper
10. 10Another student's paper
11. 11Another student's paper
12. 12https://www.scribd.com/document/53078122/MERGERS-20AND-20VALUE-20CREATION-20A-20CASE-20STUDY-20OF-20SIME-20DARBY-20040720
13. 13Another student's paper
14. 14Another student's paper
Running Head:
1 LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECISIONS 1
2 Assignment 3 Long-term Investment Decisions Quanise Richardson ECO 550 Dr.Bernadette West November 26, 2016
Introduction Low calorie foodstuff or a healthy choice of meal is a new idea which has picked up a more enthusiasm for these technological periods. 3 In the past projects, we had talked about the foundation and the presentation of the organization which needs to take into account this division. 4 This paper will discuss the long term capital budgeting decisions that such an organization longs to make.
3 Pricing Strategy The Company plans to keep the costs of its items as inelastic as could reasonably be expected. 5 This implies that the estimating methodology (strategy of pricing) ought to have no effect in transit the users see and purchase such items. 3 For the most part we see such demand just in circumstances in which the great or administrations are crucial and the customers can't manage without those. Be that as it may, this is not the situation for microwavable sustenance items. 6 The demand function for low calorie microwavable sustenance to a great extent relies on upon the cost of the stock, its relative (substitute) item, commercial overheads and last yet not the minimum on the pay of the buyer.
7 From the demand function and the elasticity thought of it as, is built up that the market for the low calorie microwavable foodstuff fit into a market of monopolistically aggressive sort. 3 A monopolistic focused is recognized by a sensible number of purchasers and dealers. Thus individuals can change to another brand if a particular brand charges a taking off cost. However monopolistic focused providers do item separation. Subsequently he draws the final users or consumers of the product. Now,
7 Profit (NP) =Total Revenue (TR) – Total Cost (TC) = PQ TC According to the FOC of profit maximization, we get = MR – MC = 0 so MR = MC, where P is not fixed Form the elasticity as considered in the specified assignments; we can observe that the demand for the low calorie microwavable manufactured goods is not very elastic in nature.
Now, with the purpose to maintain their products ...
Capitalizing on the shifting consumer food value equationOliver Grave
Capitalizing on the shifting consumer food value equation - To help retailers and manufacturers better understand the drivers of consumer values, Deloitte Consulting, the Food Marketing Institute and the Grocery Manufacturers Association conducted a joint study.
This document discusses how understanding consumer behavior and market segmentation can provide opportunities for an Australian exporter entering the Chinese market. It analyzes demographic and behavioral theories of segmentation and how they differ between China and Australia. Specifically, it examines life expectancy, income gaps, brand loyalty, preferences for quality and status, to identify opportunities like targeting older consumers or adapting marketing strategies for rural vs. urban areas. The conclusion states that properly applying consumer behavior and market segmentation research can help reduce risks when exporting to China.
This document discusses how two theories of consumer behavior - demographic and behavioral segmentation - apply differently in China compared to Australia, providing opportunities for an Australian exporter. Demographic segmentation looks at factors like age, income, gender. China has a growing elderly population, while Australia already has many elderly, indicating a market for age-appropriate products. Behavioral segmentation examines culture and lifestyles. Chinese consumers value functional features and status/prestige, while Australians are often brand loyal, especially for expensive purchases. These differences must be understood to successfully market in China versus Australia.
This document discusses motivating healthier eating among older adults at the Coastal Wellbeing Centre. The target market is identified as health-conscious individuals aged 55-64 living on the Sunshine Coast, who are at high risk for preventable diseases. Research found that this population responds best to promotions with a strong physical presence that avoid stereotypes. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is identified as the best model to increase consumption of the Centre's healthy foods, by addressing individuals' intentions, behaviors, and control factors. Key recommendations include developing flexible product lines focusing on quality of life, like weekly rotating "Better Bowl" meals, and increasing the Centre's presence in the local community.
The document discusses economics and business economics. Economics is defined as the study of how individuals and groups allocate scarce resources. Business economics applies economic theories and techniques to solve business problems and aid management decision making. It uses micro and macroeconomic approaches to understand issues like demand, costs, profits, and external factors that influence business. The key aspects of business economics are demand forecasting, cost analysis, profit analysis, and capital management. Overall, the document outlines the basic concepts, scope, importance and determinants of demand within the field of business economics.
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from PrinAbramMartino96
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from Principles
of Marketing. (2015). University of Minnesota Libraries Press.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
Using Marketing Channels & Price to Create
Value for Customers
Where the offering is and how it is priced communicates value to the
customer
6.1 Marketing channels and channel partners
6.2 Typical marketing channels
6.3 Functions performed by channel partners
6.4 Marketing channel strategies
6.5 Channel dynamics
6.6 Demand planning and inventory control
6.7 Warehousing and transportation
6.8 The pricing framework and a firm’s pricing objectives
6.9 Factors that affect pricing decisions
Marketing channels and channel partners
Goal = get a product to the customer when, where and
how the customer wants it.
Requires cooperating channel partners (or intermediaries)
that actively promote and sell the product as it travels
through the channels to the end customer.
Typical marketing channels
• Two major types of channel systems
• Direct channel— from producer
to consumer with no
intermediaries (farmer’s market,
internet if direct from the
manufacturer)
• Indirect channel — Any number
of intermediaries between
producer and consumer
• Many products have multiple
channels
Question: Wouldn’t fewer intermediaries be more
efficient and effective to get products to consumer when,
where and how they want them?
Answer: Some large retailers have been able to own more
of the channels themselves (disintermediation).
But, the channel member functions have to be performed
by some firm, but one firm can perform more than one
channel functions.
Only include channel members that add value for the
customer.
Functions performed by channel partners
• Disseminating marketing communications and promote brands
• Push versus pull strategy
• Sorting and regrouping products
• Storing and managing inventory
• Distributing products
• Assume ownership risk and extend credit
• Share marketing and other information
Marketing channel strategies
Factors affecting the marketing channel strategy
decisions
• Type of customer
• Type of product
• Channel partner capabilities
• Business environment and technology
Channel integration
• Vertical marketing system — formal agreements to cooperate
• Conventional marketing system — no formal relationships, all
independent operators
• Horizontal marketing system — Two companies at same channel level
agree to cooperate (usually for compatible but non competing products)
Channels versus supply chains — supply chains are channels that includes
the firms involved in distributing the raw materials for manufacturing.
Value chain — another term for supply chain BUT acknowledges the value
adding role of the intermediary.
Factors that affect a product’s intensity of distribution
• intensive distribution = want to sell product in as
many outlets as possible
• selective distribution = s ...
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from PrinAbramMartino96
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from Principles
of Marketing. (2015). University of Minnesota Libraries Press.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
Using Marketing Channels & Price to Create
Value for Customers
Where the offering is and how it is priced communicates value to the
customer
6.1 Marketing channels and channel partners
6.2 Typical marketing channels
6.3 Functions performed by channel partners
6.4 Marketing channel strategies
6.5 Channel dynamics
6.6 Demand planning and inventory control
6.7 Warehousing and transportation
6.8 The pricing framework and a firm’s pricing objectives
6.9 Factors that affect pricing decisions
Marketing channels and channel partners
Goal = get a product to the customer when, where and
how the customer wants it.
Requires cooperating channel partners (or intermediaries)
that actively promote and sell the product as it travels
through the channels to the end customer.
Typical marketing channels
• Two major types of channel systems
• Direct channel— from producer
to consumer with no
intermediaries (farmer’s market,
internet if direct from the
manufacturer)
• Indirect channel — Any number
of intermediaries between
producer and consumer
• Many products have multiple
channels
Question: Wouldn’t fewer intermediaries be more
efficient and effective to get products to consumer when,
where and how they want them?
Answer: Some large retailers have been able to own more
of the channels themselves (disintermediation).
But, the channel member functions have to be performed
by some firm, but one firm can perform more than one
channel functions.
Only include channel members that add value for the
customer.
Functions performed by channel partners
• Disseminating marketing communications and promote brands
• Push versus pull strategy
• Sorting and regrouping products
• Storing and managing inventory
• Distributing products
• Assume ownership risk and extend credit
• Share marketing and other information
Marketing channel strategies
Factors affecting the marketing channel strategy
decisions
• Type of customer
• Type of product
• Channel partner capabilities
• Business environment and technology
Channel integration
• Vertical marketing system — formal agreements to cooperate
• Conventional marketing system — no formal relationships, all
independent operators
• Horizontal marketing system — Two companies at same channel level
agree to cooperate (usually for compatible but non competing products)
Channels versus supply chains — supply chains are channels that includes
the firms involved in distributing the raw materials for manufacturing.
Value chain — another term for supply chain BUT acknowledges the value
adding role of the intermediary.
Factors that affect a product’s intensity of distribution
• intensive distribution = want to sell product in as
many outlets as possible
• selective distribution = s ...
Material in slides 2 14 of this overview adapted from prinADDY50
The document discusses marketing channels and pricing strategies. It covers topics like typical marketing channels including direct and indirect channels. It also discusses functions of channel partners like promoting brands and distributing products. The document then talks about factors that affect pricing decisions like costs and competitors' prices. It provides examples of pricing strategies such as introductory, cost-plus, and promotional pricing.
This document is a student assignment on the fast food industry in Pakistan. It includes an introduction defining fast food, an analysis of the fast food industry worldwide and trends in Pakistan. It also includes surveys on consumer preferences between fast food chains in Pakistan by age group. The main criteria consumers consider when choosing fast food are identified as quality, price, speed of service, advertising, customer service, offers, distance, familiarity, presentation of food, and taste. Quality and taste are seen as particularly important factors.
Dissertation report on switching behavior of consumer Pinkey Rana
Dissertation report on “To study the switching behavior of consumer special reference to urban market ”which is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Com(Hons.) .
This document outlines the chapter structure and learning objectives for a microeconomics textbook. It introduces key concepts that will be covered in each chapter, such as the economic problem of scarcity, how economies answer fundamental questions of production and distribution, the role of economic models, and the differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics. The chapter outlines provide an overview of the essential information that will be presented in each chapter for students to understand economic foundations and models.
Part 1 Think an example speak up anythingPart 2 exampleInte.docxsherni1
Part 1 Think an example speak up anything
Part 2 example
Intern at the accounting company, my manager was absence during her work time, but the partner didn’t know and manager didn’t report that she was going out. I didn’t speak up anything
The Logic and Practice of Financial Management
Ninth Edition
Foundations of Finance
The Pearson Series in Finance
Berk/DeMarzo
Corporate Finance*
Corporate Finance: The Core*
Berk/DeMarzo/Harford
Fundamentals of Corporate Finance*
Brooks
Financial Management: Core Concepts*
Copeland/Weston/Shastri
Financial Theory and Corporate Policy
Dorfman/Cather
Introduction to Risk Management and
Insurance
Eakins/McNally
Corporate Finance Online*
Eiteman/Stonehill/Moffett
Multinational Business Finance*
Fabozzi
Bond Markets: Analysis and Strategies
Foerster
Financial Management: Concepts and
Applications*
Frasca
Personal Finance
Gitman/Zutter
Principles of Managerial Finance*
Principles of Managerial Finance—Brief
Edition*
Haugen
The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off
and Why
Modern Investment Theory
Holden
Excel Modeling in Corporate Finance
Excel Modeling in Investments
Hughes/MacDonald
International Banking: Text and Cases
Hull
Fundamentals of Futures and Options Markets
Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives
Keown
Personal Finance: Turning Money into
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Keown/Martin/Petty
Foundations of Finance: The Logic and
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Madura
Personal Finance*
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Risk Takers: Uses and Abuses of Financial
Derivatives
McDonald
Derivatives Markets
Fundamentals of Derivatives Markets
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Financial Markets and Institutions
Moffett/Stonehill/Eiteman
Fundamentals of Multinational Finance
Nofsinger
Psychology of Investing
Pennacchi
Theory of Asset Pricing
Rejda/McNamara
Principles of Risk Management and Insurance
Smart/Gitman/Joehnk
Fundamentals of Investing*
Solnik/McLeavey
Global Investments
Titman/Keown/Martin
Financial Management: Principles and
Applications*
Titman/Martin
Valuation: The Art and Science of Corporate
Investment Decisions
Weston/Mitchel/Mulherin
Takeovers, Restructuring, and Corporate
Governance
*Denotes MyFinanceLab titles. Log onto www.myfinancelab.com to learn more.
http://www.myfinancelab.com
The Logic and Practice of Financial Management
Ninth Edition
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Foundations of Finance
Arthur J. Keown
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
R. B. Pamplin Professor of Finance
John D. Martin
Baylor University
Professor of Finance
Carr P. Collins Chair in Finance
J. William Petty
Baylor University
Professor of Finance
W. W. Caruth Chair in Entrepreneurship
Vice President, Business Publishing: Donna Battista
Editor-in-Chief: Adrienne D’Ambrosio
Acquisitions Editor: Kate Fernandes
Editorial Assis.
Part 1 Progress NoteUsing the client from your Week 3 Assignmen.docxsherni1
Part 1: Progress Note
Using the client from your Week 3 Assignment, address the following in a progress note (without violating HIPAA regulations):
Treatment modality used and efficacy of approach
Progress and/or lack of progress toward the mutually agreed-upon client goals (reference the Treatment plan—progress toward goals)
Modification(s) of the treatment plan that were made based on progress/lack of progress
Clinical impressions regarding diagnosis and/or symptoms
Relevant psychosocial information or changes from original assessment (i.e., marriage, separation/divorce, new relationships, move to a new house/apartment, change of job, etc.)
Safety issues
Clinical emergencies/actions taken
Medications used by the patient (even if the nurse psychotherapist was not the one prescribing them)
Treatment compliance/lack of compliance
Clinical consultations
Collaboration with other professionals (i.e., phone consultations with physicians, psychiatrists, marriage/family therapists, etc.)
Therapist’s recommendations, including whether the client agreed to the recommendations
Referrals made/reasons for making referrals
Termination/issues that are relevant to the termination process (i.e., client informed of loss of insurance or refusal of insurance company to pay for continued sessions)
Issues related to consent and/or informed consent for treatment
Information concerning child abuse, and/or elder or dependent adult abuse, including documentation as to where the abuse was reported
Information reflecting the therapist’s exercise of clinical judgment
Part 2: Privileged Note
Based on this week’s readings, prepare a privileged psychotherapy note that you would use to document your impressions of therapeutic progress/therapy sessions for your client from the Week 3 Practicum Assignment.
The privileged note should include items that you would not typically include in a note as part of the clinical record.
Explain why the items you included in the privileged note would not be included in the client’s progress note.
Explain whether your preceptor uses privileged notes, and if so, describe the type of information he or she might include. If not, explain why.
.
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This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs as it considers expansion. Students must address pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, the effects of government policies on production and the company, the need for regulation in the industry, complexities of expansion through capital projects, and aligning manager and stockholder interests. The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper citing at least 5 academic sources and following APA or other specified formatting.
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This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs as it considers expansion. Students must address pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, the effects of government policies on production and the company, the need for regulation in the industry, complexities of expansion through capital projects, and aligning manager and stockholder interests. The assignment requires a 6-8 page paper citing at least 5 academic sources and following APA or other specified formatting.
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This document outlines an assignment for a course on long-term investment decisions. The assignment involves analyzing strategies for a low-calorie frozen food company facing rising ingredient costs and considering expansion. Students are asked to outline pricing strategies in response to elasticity changes, examine the effects of government policies on production and employment, determine if regulation is needed in the industry, propose actions to address complexities of expansion projects, suggest how to align manager and stockholder interests, and cite at least five academic sources in a 6-8 page paper. The document provides grading criteria and learning outcomes for the assignment.
ECO550179VA016-1168-001 - MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS & GLOBALI
Week 9 Assignment 3 - Submit Here
Quanise Richardson on Mon, Nov 28 2016, 10:50 AM
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· Assignment_3_Long-Term_Investment_Decisi.docx
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Citations (14/14)
1. 1Another student's paper
2. 2Another student's paper
3. 3Another student's paper
4. 4Another student's paper
5. 5Another student's paper
6. 6Another student's paper
7. 7Another student's paper
8. 8Another student's paper
9. 9Another student's paper
10. 10Another student's paper
11. 11Another student's paper
12. 12https://www.scribd.com/document/53078122/MERGERS-20AND-20VALUE-20CREATION-20A-20CASE-20STUDY-20OF-20SIME-20DARBY-20040720
13. 13Another student's paper
14. 14Another student's paper
Running Head:
1 LONG-TERM INVESTMENT DECISIONS 1
2 Assignment 3 Long-term Investment Decisions Quanise Richardson ECO 550 Dr.Bernadette West November 26, 2016
Introduction Low calorie foodstuff or a healthy choice of meal is a new idea which has picked up a more enthusiasm for these technological periods. 3 In the past projects, we had talked about the foundation and the presentation of the organization which needs to take into account this division. 4 This paper will discuss the long term capital budgeting decisions that such an organization longs to make.
3 Pricing Strategy The Company plans to keep the costs of its items as inelastic as could reasonably be expected. 5 This implies that the estimating methodology (strategy of pricing) ought to have no effect in transit the users see and purchase such items. 3 For the most part we see such demand just in circumstances in which the great or administrations are crucial and the customers can't manage without those. Be that as it may, this is not the situation for microwavable sustenance items. 6 The demand function for low calorie microwavable sustenance to a great extent relies on upon the cost of the stock, its relative (substitute) item, commercial overheads and last yet not the minimum on the pay of the buyer.
7 From the demand function and the elasticity thought of it as, is built up that the market for the low calorie microwavable foodstuff fit into a market of monopolistically aggressive sort. 3 A monopolistic focused is recognized by a sensible number of purchasers and dealers. Thus individuals can change to another brand if a particular brand charges a taking off cost. However monopolistic focused providers do item separation. Subsequently he draws the final users or consumers of the product. Now,
7 Profit (NP) =Total Revenue (TR) – Total Cost (TC) = PQ TC According to the FOC of profit maximization, we get = MR – MC = 0 so MR = MC, where P is not fixed Form the elasticity as considered in the specified assignments; we can observe that the demand for the low calorie microwavable manufactured goods is not very elastic in nature.
Now, with the purpose to maintain their products ...
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Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from PrinAbramMartino96
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from Principles
of Marketing. (2015). University of Minnesota Libraries Press.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
Using Marketing Channels & Price to Create
Value for Customers
Where the offering is and how it is priced communicates value to the
customer
6.1 Marketing channels and channel partners
6.2 Typical marketing channels
6.3 Functions performed by channel partners
6.4 Marketing channel strategies
6.5 Channel dynamics
6.6 Demand planning and inventory control
6.7 Warehousing and transportation
6.8 The pricing framework and a firm’s pricing objectives
6.9 Factors that affect pricing decisions
Marketing channels and channel partners
Goal = get a product to the customer when, where and
how the customer wants it.
Requires cooperating channel partners (or intermediaries)
that actively promote and sell the product as it travels
through the channels to the end customer.
Typical marketing channels
• Two major types of channel systems
• Direct channel— from producer
to consumer with no
intermediaries (farmer’s market,
internet if direct from the
manufacturer)
• Indirect channel — Any number
of intermediaries between
producer and consumer
• Many products have multiple
channels
Question: Wouldn’t fewer intermediaries be more
efficient and effective to get products to consumer when,
where and how they want them?
Answer: Some large retailers have been able to own more
of the channels themselves (disintermediation).
But, the channel member functions have to be performed
by some firm, but one firm can perform more than one
channel functions.
Only include channel members that add value for the
customer.
Functions performed by channel partners
• Disseminating marketing communications and promote brands
• Push versus pull strategy
• Sorting and regrouping products
• Storing and managing inventory
• Distributing products
• Assume ownership risk and extend credit
• Share marketing and other information
Marketing channel strategies
Factors affecting the marketing channel strategy
decisions
• Type of customer
• Type of product
• Channel partner capabilities
• Business environment and technology
Channel integration
• Vertical marketing system — formal agreements to cooperate
• Conventional marketing system — no formal relationships, all
independent operators
• Horizontal marketing system — Two companies at same channel level
agree to cooperate (usually for compatible but non competing products)
Channels versus supply chains — supply chains are channels that includes
the firms involved in distributing the raw materials for manufacturing.
Value chain — another term for supply chain BUT acknowledges the value
adding role of the intermediary.
Factors that affect a product’s intensity of distribution
• intensive distribution = want to sell product in as
many outlets as possible
• selective distribution = s ...
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from PrinAbramMartino96
Material in slides 2-14 of this overview adapted from Principles
of Marketing. (2015). University of Minnesota Libraries Press.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/principlesmarketing/
Using Marketing Channels & Price to Create
Value for Customers
Where the offering is and how it is priced communicates value to the
customer
6.1 Marketing channels and channel partners
6.2 Typical marketing channels
6.3 Functions performed by channel partners
6.4 Marketing channel strategies
6.5 Channel dynamics
6.6 Demand planning and inventory control
6.7 Warehousing and transportation
6.8 The pricing framework and a firm’s pricing objectives
6.9 Factors that affect pricing decisions
Marketing channels and channel partners
Goal = get a product to the customer when, where and
how the customer wants it.
Requires cooperating channel partners (or intermediaries)
that actively promote and sell the product as it travels
through the channels to the end customer.
Typical marketing channels
• Two major types of channel systems
• Direct channel— from producer
to consumer with no
intermediaries (farmer’s market,
internet if direct from the
manufacturer)
• Indirect channel — Any number
of intermediaries between
producer and consumer
• Many products have multiple
channels
Question: Wouldn’t fewer intermediaries be more
efficient and effective to get products to consumer when,
where and how they want them?
Answer: Some large retailers have been able to own more
of the channels themselves (disintermediation).
But, the channel member functions have to be performed
by some firm, but one firm can perform more than one
channel functions.
Only include channel members that add value for the
customer.
Functions performed by channel partners
• Disseminating marketing communications and promote brands
• Push versus pull strategy
• Sorting and regrouping products
• Storing and managing inventory
• Distributing products
• Assume ownership risk and extend credit
• Share marketing and other information
Marketing channel strategies
Factors affecting the marketing channel strategy
decisions
• Type of customer
• Type of product
• Channel partner capabilities
• Business environment and technology
Channel integration
• Vertical marketing system — formal agreements to cooperate
• Conventional marketing system — no formal relationships, all
independent operators
• Horizontal marketing system — Two companies at same channel level
agree to cooperate (usually for compatible but non competing products)
Channels versus supply chains — supply chains are channels that includes
the firms involved in distributing the raw materials for manufacturing.
Value chain — another term for supply chain BUT acknowledges the value
adding role of the intermediary.
Factors that affect a product’s intensity of distribution
• intensive distribution = want to sell product in as
many outlets as possible
• selective distribution = s ...
Material in slides 2 14 of this overview adapted from prinADDY50
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*Denotes MyFinanceLab titles. Log onto www.myfinancelab.com to learn more.
http://www.myfinancelab.com
The Logic and Practice of Financial Management
Ninth Edition
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Foundations of Finance
Arthur J. Keown
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
R. B. Pamplin Professor of Finance
John D. Martin
Baylor University
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J. William Petty
Baylor University
Professor of Finance
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Acquisitions Editor: Kate Fernandes
Editorial Assis.
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Using the client from your Week 3 Assignment, address the following in a progress note (without violating HIPAA regulations):
Treatment modality used and efficacy of approach
Progress and/or lack of progress toward the mutually agreed-upon client goals (reference the Treatment plan—progress toward goals)
Modification(s) of the treatment plan that were made based on progress/lack of progress
Clinical impressions regarding diagnosis and/or symptoms
Relevant psychosocial information or changes from original assessment (i.e., marriage, separation/divorce, new relationships, move to a new house/apartment, change of job, etc.)
Safety issues
Clinical emergencies/actions taken
Medications used by the patient (even if the nurse psychotherapist was not the one prescribing them)
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Identify the target populations addressed by the bill.
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Sarbanes-Oxley
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10.0
Procedure steps or activity are comprehensive and proficiently described
Part 1: Procedure introduced, modeled, practiced, assessed
10.0
Explanation of how procedures will be introduced, modeled, practiced, assessed is thorough.
Part 1: Rationale
10.0
Explanation of how procedures will minimize distractions and maximize instructional time is specific.
Part 2: Rules and Consequences
10.0
Rules are skillfully crafted and consequences are creative.
Part 2: Reward System
10.0
Reward system is effective and documentation is reasonable.
Part 2: Rationale
10.0
Explanation of how the system will help create a safe and productive learning environment is proficient.
Organization
10.0
The content is well-organized and logical. There is a sequential progression of ideas that relate to each other. The content is presented as a cohesive unit and provides the audience with a clear sense of the main idea.
Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
20.0
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
ELM-250 Topic 4: Procedures, Rules, Rewards and Consequences
Grade Level:___________
Part 1: Procedures
Procedure Example:
Entering the Classroom
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
To create a classroom environment that is conducive to learning the moment class begins.
1. Walk in quietly (entering a new zone).
2. Get organized before the bell (sharpen pencil, homework ready …).
3. Begin working quietly on the warm-up (in your notebook with paper labeled).
Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school.
The teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of class for the first week of school.
Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class.
Teacher will watch for students who follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students.
Procedure #1
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
Procedure #2
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
Procedure #3
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
Procedure #4
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
Procedure #5
Purpose of procedure
Procedure steps
or activity
When the procedure will be:
Assessment
/Feedback
Introduced
Modeled
Practiced
Rationale
Write a 100-150 word .
Part 1 Post your own definition of school readiness (and offer .docxsherni1
Part 1: Post your own definition of school readiness (and offer support for your definition from the readings; Remember to use APA style citations to identify the sources of this support)? Be sure to discuss specific screening tools, instruments, or other tools/approaches to assess the preparedness of children entering Kindergarten. These should be directly related to your definition.
Part 2: Given what you’ve learned about intellectual disability, discuss at least 3 challenges to school readiness young children with intellectual disabilities face when entering Kindergarten.
.
Part 1 Art selectionInstitute Part 1 Art sel.docxsherni1
The document summarizes three pieces of art selected to represent art from antiquity to modern times. The first is a sculpture of Ares, the Greek god of war, created by ancient Greek sculptor Scopas. The second is Michelangelo's statue of Moses from the tomb of Pope Julius II. The third depicts biblical figures on a wall and was created by Dutch artist Claus Sluter. The common theme among the works is the depiction of religious personalities from the times in which they were created, showing how artistic preferences and subjects addressed by artists have evolved over the centuries.
Part 1 Post a ResponseVarious reform groups with various causes.docxsherni1
Part 1: Post a Response
Various reform groups with various causes developed in the US in the late 1800s and early 1900s; these are loosely called “Progressives” as they aimed to use government policies or science to improve and advance society. Also, this period was a time when the US started as a major player in international conflicts—first in the “Spanish American War and then in World War I. There were deep isolationist sentiments about such overseas entanglements, and President Wilson first has one position and then the other.
Choose and discuss (in a full paragraph or two) one of the following two topics related to the late 1800s and early 1900s.
In the Progressive Era (roughly 1890–1920), multiple groups advocated for reforms in various aspects of government, society, and the economy. Discuss here the “muckrakers” and Taylor’s “scientific management”.
Explain briefly the approach and aim of the “muckrakers” and that of F. W. Taylor.
Compare their approaches and describe your feelings about them, and relate some modern situation that reminds you of one of these approaches and reform causes.
Identify the source(s) where you read about the reform cause.
From the text, Wilson did not maintain his own campaign slogan (“He kept us out of war”).
Explain with some specifics why Wilson became pro-war. Describe your own feelings on that issue when you look back at it, and whether he was right to change.
Briefly, identify a similar international consideration today—or of the last 20 years, and what lesson might be drawn from the example in Wilson’s time.
Identify the source(s) where you read about Wilson.
Part 2: Respond to a Peer
Read a post by one of your peers and respond, making sure to extend the conversation by asking questions, offering rich ideas, or sharing personal connections.
.
Part 1 Assessment SummaryIn 500-750-words, summarize the fo.docxsherni1
Part 1: Assessment Summary
In 500-750-words, summarize the following:
What areas should an AAC assessment evaluate?
What areas of communication do AAC assessments address?
How do assessment results inform AAC strategies/techniques?
Identify AAC assessments used within your school or district and explain when each assessment would most appropriately be used.
Support your assessment summary with 1-3 scholarly resources.
Part 2: Case Studies
Read the following case studies to inform Part 2 of the assignment.
Case Study 1: Mandy
Mandy is a 3-year-old preschool student who has been diagnosed with ASD and is nonverbal. She is sensitive to loud noises and certain textures. She was recently referred to a child study team by the family physician. Her family doctor described her as having low muscle tone, delayed communication, and delayed motor skills. She uses her behavior and physicality for communicating needs. Mandy does point and reach for desired items, but she has not been able to reproduce any signs, despite her parents' attempts to teach her sign language for the past year. She often appears to be disengaged when playing or when her parents are encouraging her to sign. Her eye contact is minimal, tantrums are common, crying happens daily, and change is very difficult for her.
Case Study 2: Wilson
Wilson is an 11-year-old boy who was diagnosed with ASD as a toddler. He is physically healthy, but he is very sensitive to hot, cold, noises, and pain. He does not like crowds or lines and struggles with class assemblies, lunch time periods, and recesses. He is in a self-contained special education classroom on a public school campus and attends general education class for music only. He is capable of doing some general education class work, but his behavior is far too unpredictable to make further placement in a general education classroom feasible at this time. He can be impulsive and destructive when frustrated or overwhelmed. He is quite social and enjoys interacting with his peers in both settings; however, it can be difficult to discern when he will have a meltdown. He has tantrums and destroys property, and his participation in some aspects of school is limited. When changes in the schedule occur, such as school assemblies or fire drills, Wilson has a hard time adjusting and oftentimes tips over desks or kicks. He has not been able to attend the last two field trips due to his parents’ concerns for his safety.
Case Study 3: Cole
Cole is a 16-year-old boy with ASD and cognitive delays. He was born three weeks premature and required intensive neonatal care for six weeks after birth, but he is currently in good health. He passed all hearing and vision screenings. Cole uses gestures and a few verbal words to express his needs and wants; for example yes/no and hungry. He uses a few sign language gestures and some picture symbols, but mostly relies on a communication device in order to communicate with teachers, peers, and parents.
Part 1 Post a ResponseDuring the Reconstruction Era, the So.docxsherni1
Part 1: Post a Response
During the Reconstruction Era, the Southern states created many laws and policies of their own. These “Black Codes” either tried to minimize federal laws and policies or were in retaliation to them.
Suppose you were a former slave during this era, which one of the following restrictions would you find the most offensive?
Restrictions or prohibitions on voting
Restrictions such as those on job, land purchase, and mobility
Inability to serve on juries or accuse a white person in court
Then, in a full paragraph or two:
Discuss the immediate and long-term consequences from your chosen restriction.
Identify any lessons we can learn today from this restriction and its impact.
Identify the source(s) where you read about the restriction.
.
Part 1 Financial AcumenKeeping abreast of the financial measure.docxsherni1
Part 1: Financial Acumen
Keeping abreast of the financial measures and metrics employed by a company allows employees to better understand its health and position at any given time. Using Campbellsville University library link or other libraries and the Internet:
1. Review at least three (3) articles on financial acuity. Summarize the articles in 300 words. Use APA formatting throughout including in-text citations and references.
2. Discuss the benefits of establishing solid financial acumen in a company? Discuss your personal experiences in a situation where financial acumen was either not supported as an organizational hallmark or, conversely, was built into the company's culture.
Part 2:
Sarbanes-Oxley
(SOX)
Write a 100-word commentary on Sarbanes Oxley and the importance this act has for American businesses today. Your commentary should include the following:
A. Rationale for SOX
B. Provisions of SOX
C. Enforcement of SOX
.
Part 1 Do an independently guided tour of news and media coverage.docxsherni1
Part 1
: Do an independently guided tour of news and media coverage of the monolith found in Utah. Consult a range of news and social media sources to construct a timeline, but, more importantly, to track and analyze the different audiences and forms of interest in this object. Be sure to do a search on whatever social media you typically use, and, try to depart from major news media outlets in your search. Summarize your findings, highlighting details that you find especially telling or interesting.
Part 2
: In a thoughtful way, compare the monolith to at least one other artwork from this class (or, learn about John McCracken and compare to his work). Think about materials, placement, time period, intent (for the work we discussed). Be as specific as you can.
Part 3
: Finally, why do you think this work captured worldwide attention? What do you think people found interesting? What do you make of the current outcome of the work? If you had an opportunity to see the object would you? If you had the ability to remove it, would you?
.
Part 1 Describe the scopescale of the problem. Problemado.docxsherni1
Part 1: Describe the scope/scale of the problem. Problem:
adolescent incarceration and recidivism
in New Haven, CT and USA.
Part: 2
Name one program doing relevant work on the issue describe above in NYC or elsewhere.
.
Part 1 Art CreationSelect one of the visual art pieces from Cha.docxsherni1
Part 1: Art Creation
Select one of the visual art pieces from Chapters 1-6 or the lessons from Weeks 1-3 to use as a point of inspiration. Create a painting, sculpture, drawing, or work of architecture inspired by your selected art piece.
Part 2: Reflection
Write a reflection about the relationship between your art production and the inspiration piece. Include the following in the reflection paper:
Introduction
Inspiration Piece
Include image.
Record the title, artist, year, and place of origin.
Briefly explain the background of the inspiration piece.
Your Art Piece
Include image.
Provide a title.
Explain the background of your piece.
Connection
Explain the thematic connection between the two pieces.
How are they similar and different?
Are they the same medium? How does the medium impact what the viewer experiences?
How do the formal elements of design compare to one another?
Original Artwork Requirements
Methods: paint, watercolor, pencil, crayon, marker, collage, clay, metal, or wood (Check with your instructor about other methods you have in mind.)
No computer-generated pieces
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page, references page, or image of artwork)
1-inch margins
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Title page
References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source)
Grading
This activity will be graded based on the W3 Art Creation & Reflection Grading Rubric.
.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Assignment 3 Long-Term Investment Decisions Due Week 9 and wort.docx
1. Assignment 3: Long-Term Investment Decisions
Due Week 9 and worth 300 points
Assume that the low-calorie microwavable food company from
Assignments 1 and 2 wants to expand and has to make some
long-term capital budgeting decisions.
Use the Internet to research government policies and
regulation.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
1. Outline a plan that managers in the low-calorie
microwaveable food company could follow when selecting
pricing strategies for making their products as inelastic as
possible. Provide a rationale for your response.
2. Examine the major effects that government policies have on
production and employment. Predict the potential effects that
government policies could have on your company.
3. Determine whether or not government regulation to ensure
fairness in the low-calorie microwavable food industry is
needed. Cite the major reasons for government involvement in a
market economy. Provide two (2) examples of government
involvement in a similar market economy to support your
response.
4. Examine the major complexities that would arise under
expansion via capital projects. Propose key actions that the
company could take in order to prevent or address these
complexities.
5. Suggest the substantive manner in which the company could
create a convergence between the interests of stockholders and
managers. Indicate the most likely impact to profitability of
such a convergence. Provide two (2) examples of instances that
support your response.
6. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this
assignment. Note: Wikipedia does not qualify as an academic
2. resource.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your
professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:
• Propose how differences in demand and elasticity lead
managers to develop various pricing strategies.
• Analyze the economic impact of contracting, governance and
organizational form within organizations.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in
managerial economics and globalization.
• Write clearly and concisely about managerial economics and
globalization using proper writing mechanics
2
Running Head: Operations Decisions
Assignment 2: Operations Decisions
Toni Washington
Professor J. Elu
Econ 550
3. February 23, 2014
The Market Structure of the Low calorie Food Company
From the regression results in the previous assignment, it
clearly shows that the product inelastic. Considering the
elasticities of the 26 companies, it clearly shows that the market
structure is a monopolistic competition market. This implies
that each company controls a small proportion of the market
share. They have almost similar product, only slightly
differentiated.
The Leading Competitors in the Low-calorie Microwavable food
Industry
There are many low calorie microwavable food options
available in the market today. With the rise in income people
can afford a cheaper lifestyle; therefore there has been a change
in the cooking style of people. People now use microwaves in
place of traditional cooking methods. With rise in microwaves,
the rise in food items also occurred. With so many varieties of
products available, one can easily target upon a healthy choice
of microwavable food. A low calorie food or a healthy option of
food is one which comprises of a good source of protein along
with having at least 3 grams of fiber (for satiety), in addition to
not more than 600 milligrams of sodium (Zelman, (n.d.)).
Some of the options are manufactured by Lean Cuisine and
Healthy Choice. Both of them are the competitors in the market
4. of frozen foods. Lean Cuisine was started in 1981 and has since
then grown its market in US, Canada and Australia. The
company is owned by Nestle and offers variety of frozen foods
and is a leading choice for low calorie food.
Healthy Choice, the product manufactured by ConAgra is
another leading low calorie frozen food supplier. They are the
biggest opponents to Lean Cuisine. The market segment is
decided by three criteria’s which are Behavioral, Psychographic
and Profile variables.
Behavioral variables are those that are sought from the product,
and buying patterns like frequency and volume of purchase may
be considered the fundamental basis.
Psychographic variables are used when purchasing behavior
correlates with the personality or lifestyle of consumers.
Consumers who hold varied personalities and lifestyle trends
also become prejudiced towards certain products. Their choices
are determined by their economic and social standing.
Profiling is not a very important criterion for market
segmentation. After deciding upon the differences the markets
also needs to decide upon the channel through which these are
exhibited. Profile variables such as socio-economic group or
geographic locations are very necessary in deciding the target
audience.
In determining the market structure for food industry, one
would firstly keep in mind the target audience. A clear study of
the economic growth of the whole food industry is very
important. There also need to be a motive and objective for
growth amongst the company itself. The scale of operation
needs to be decided upon i.e., whether the company is going to
for local market, national or global market.
The growth of the food industry in US also determined upon the
1 % population growth of the nation. Food industry is also
associated to the population therefore an increase in population
is bound to have an impact on sales in the food industry. When
we determine the scope of market for frozen food we can also
relate it to the sale of microwaves. Microwave sales are directly
5. linked to the rise in per capita income and the rise in increase of
working class people. Healthier food options are therefore also
related to the conscious customer.
Consumer behavior is dependent upon the gender, age,
educational, social and economic background of the people.
When we have a look at the consumer behavior of the food
industry we should first study the target consumers. Our target
would be on the buying and purchasing power of the consumer.
Our sales would also be determined on the sale of microwave
ovens.
More the number of microwave oven users more will be
the demand for frozen foods. The taste and educational
background of the consumers would also affect the sales. Since
the aware consumers would be a result of the educational
awareness about healthy eating habits, it is necessary that we
realize our potential consumers and work for providing them
with the product that they want.
Analyzing effectiveness of the market structure
The effectiveness of our market structure would be dependent
upon the increase in demand and thereby the sales revenue
generated through them. The demand for the low-calorie
microwavable food is inelastic in nature. This implies that an
increase in the price of the food leads to the fall of the quantity
demanded by less than proportionate amount. The income
elasticity of the products is flexible and therefore we can say
that it is a luxury good. Thus advertisement policy also has an
essential role to play on the impact of the sales of the product.
(Nicholson, 2012)
Cross Elasticity explains that if the demand for substitute goods
will constantly be positive, then the demand for one good will
increase if the price for the other good increases. Like for
instance, if the price of fresh vegetables increases while all
other market conditions remain the same, the quantity demanded
for frozen, which is a substitute for fresh food will increase as
consumers switch to an alternative.
Determining factors of change
6. If cost of microwaves is reduced, then there will be more
consumers who would be demanding frozen foods. Therefore the
cost of relative products also plays an important role in the
market structure of goods. Substitute’s products can also bring
about the change in market structure. This may be brought about
by an introduction of new firm to the market. The effect of this
is that companies will try to lower their prices and improve
quality of products and services in order to maintain their
competitive advantage.
Long Run and Short run Cost of Production analysis
Cost of Production is the cost that an organization incurs in
manufacturing a product or delivering a service. Production
costs include raw material costs as well as the cost of labor. It
includes long run as well as the short term expenses incurred.
Long run costs have no fixed factors of production, while short
run costs have fixed factors and variables that impact
production. Efficient long run costs are persistent after the
combination of outputs with the purpose of a firm producing
results in the preferred extent of the goods at the lowest
possible cost.
Long run production cost for low calorie microwavable food
includes the cost of machinery and land for setting up the
manufacturing unit. The short term cost of production includes
the variable costs and the costs that are only incurred for a short
period of time.
Short terms costs include the costs are based on a depiction of
the medium-term stably-acting macroeconomic variables that
affect food prices, as well as knowledge of their intensity and
the timing of their transmission. This analysis is formalized by
a partial single-equation model of food price inflation, and the
model approach is further supplemented and established by
means of other information and expert judgment (CNB, 2004).
Short term cost includes taxes and other expenses that are
variable or incurred once or short term. Any expense incurred
towards advertising the product is short term cost.
Circumstances under the Company should discontinue
7. Operations
A business which is not successful and doesn’t
generate enough revenue to carry out its business operations is
very likely to be discontinued. When the demand for products
lowers, the revenue is also likely to fall, leading to losses.
Circumstances that can call for a discontinuation of a company
include inadequate capital to continue a business enterprise. A
company may lack funds to carry out its operations, thus
shutting it down will help minimize more losses and debts. If
there is no proper inventory management, it is ideal for a
company to be discontinued. Inventory is necessary to maintain
equilibrium in between demand and supply. If this equilibrium
is disturbed this might lead to business shut down. A growth of
a business beyond the capacity of the management can also lead
to shutting down of a company. Management is expected to
guide and run the company smoothly. If it happens that the
management is incompetent to handle the high demands of the
company, running the company will be risk as it may not be
able to meet the demands of the consumers and all employees. If
an organization, for one reason or the other, is not able to
compete with the existing as well as the new entrants in the
market, then it might be a cause for its failure. (Ames, 1983).
Hence we can say that low sales, competition, lack of
managerial ability and financial crisis are the basis for shutting
down a company.
Pricing policy to maximize profits
Pricing is a very essential component of staying in a
market. Despite the fact that there is no one single accurate
method to find out your pricing strategy, fortunately there are
some factors like the cost of production, demand of the product,
market position and the competition through which we can
determine the prices.
In order to maximize the profits the organization should
work on the optimum pricing. An optimum price is the price at
which the consumer is willing to purchase the product.
Competitive pricing is also done by keeping in view the prices
8. of similar organizations in the market.
Since the demand for the low-calorie microwavable food is
inelastic in nature, we can derive a conclusion that an increase
in the price of the food leads to the fall of the quantity
demanded by less than proportionate amount. Since our
commodity is a luxury good, its advertising elasticity also
influences its sales. The pricing that the organization should
follow should be therefore kept after analyzing the cost of
production and the market prices of competitors. Organizational
goals regarding profit maximization are also to be considered
while determining an optimum plan for pricing.
Evaluating Financial Performance
Evaluating a financial performance of an organization
means having subjective measure of how well a firm makes use
of its assets from its primary mode of business as well as
generates revenues. This expression is also used as a general
evaluation of a firm's overall financial health over a given
period of time, and can be used to compare related firms across
the same industry or to compare industries or sectors in
aggregation. While evaluating financial performance for our
companies we can take help of the financial ratios as well.
According to Barron the performance of a business enterprise is
affected by its strategies and operations in market and non-
market environments. (Baron, 2000)
Financial ratios are an important element in determining the
performance of an organization. Financial ratios should be
analyzed by a professional accountant. In order to keep a
record of the company’s financial health, ratio analysis is used
as a tool. Ratio analysis determines and interprets how
efficiently a company is working in terms of its finances. Ratio
analysis presents a simple and comprehensible understanding of
the accounting variables. It is an effective tool for
understanding a business’s success in terms of financial
undertaking and performance.
Financial analysis is an accounting tool that might be
undertaken internally as well as externally. Measurement of
9. performances of the workers, the efficiency of the operations in
the company in addition to credit policies are some reasons for
internal ratio analysis while on the other hand externally
probable creditors, investors and borrowers perform ratio
analysis to understand the credit worthiness, investing returns
and the financial standing of the company. Financial analysis is
carried out by the analyst using the data provided by the
company itself, financial disclosures by the company, the
financial and economic data through external sources as well.
Myers, (1962), defines ratio analysis as the study of
relationships among various financial factors in business. There
are many kinds of ratios which are classified according to their
method of computation as well as their characteristics. Broadly
the ratios can be segmented as ratios that reflect company’s
position to face their obligation, the ones that reflect the
relation between net profits and expenditures, the ratios
describing relation between gross benefits and expenses and
lastly the ones that reflect the component of one variable to
other. These ratios can be named as coverage ratios, return
ratios, turnovers ratios and component percentages.
The main types of ratios are liquidity ratios, financial structure
or solvency Ratios, Profitability ratios, Activity ratios,
Financial Leverage Ratio and Shareholders ratios.
Actions to Improve Profitability and deliver more value to
Stakeholders.
There are various strategies that a company can use to improve
profitability and hence adding value to stakeholders. Each
strategy must be clearly analyzed to understand its impact to the
company revenue before implementing it. One of them is by
increasing the unit price of products. This may have a negative
impact to the company in a situation where there exist
substitutes. However, considering that the quantity being sold
remains constant, raising the unit price of a commodity will
definitely increase revenue per unit of goods sold. Another way
is by increasing sells. Considering that the price is kept
constant, selling, more products will yield more revenue to the
10. company.
To implement these two strategies, the company can add more
features to its products so as to exceed the market competition.
By doing so, raising the unit price may not cause some
consumers seek for cheaper substitutes. In order to increase
sells, the company can increase production capacity of the
plant. Advertising campaigns will also make the products reach
more people and thus increasing market share.
References
Ames, M., (1983). Small Business Management. West
Publishing Co.
Baron, D. P. (2000). Business and its environment (3rd e.d) NJ:
Prentice Hall.
CNB (2004). Short-run food price prediction methods.
Retrieved from http://www.cnb.cz
Miller, D. W., & Starr, M. K. (1960). Executive decisions and
operations research. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
Myers, J. H. (1962). Reporting of leases in financial statments.
New York: American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Wagner, H. M. (1975). Principles of operations research: With
applications to managerial decisions. Englewood Cliffs, N.J:
11. Prentice-Hall.
Walter Nicholson, C. S. (2012). Microeconomic Theory: Basic
Principles and Extensions. (11thed.). USA: Cengage Learning.
Zelman, K. M. (n.d.). How to choose healthy frozen dinners.
Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com
Running head: DEMAND ESTIMATION
1
DEMAND ESTIMATION
10
Demand Estimation
Demand Estimation
Low-Calorie Microwavable Food Processing Company
This company is involved in making low-calorie microwavable
food. The company wants to ensure they maintain a continuous
good performance in the market. Therefore, it is essential to
estimate its demand, elasticity and project future performance.
The following is a demand equation for the product and a table
of its performance in 26 supermarkets nationwide.
Demand equation: p=0.5q+70
Table 1: Demand, Price and Elasticity in the 26 Supermarkets,
assume initial price and demand was 130 and 30 respectively.
Quantity (Independent variable)
%∆ in independent variable
Price (Dependent variable)
%∆ in dependent variable
18. Elasticity
-0.412349905
1.335123224
0.892515524
Implications of the Elasticities
The figures above depict the dominance of inelastic demand.
They give an impression of small change in demand in spite of
an observable change in price. Calculations were done
according to the formula provided above. I would recommend
that this firm should not cut the price to increase its market
shares as according to the elasticities figures, there is relatively
a small change in demand as a result of change in price (Barber,
2010).
Demand, Supply and Equilibrium Curves
Assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600
dollars.
Supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices.
Demand Curve
Quantity
Price
60
600
260
500
460
400
660
300
960
200
20. 500
200
960
600
100
1060
Equilibrium quantity= 560
Equilibrium price= 350 dollars
Factors that could change the supply and demand for the
product
There is a number of prevailing factors that could possibly
change the supply and demand for the product. The most
common one is price increases or decreases. An incremental
decrease in product price leads to huge increase in the demand
for the product. On the other hand, an increase in the product
price leads to decrease in demand by a significant margin.
As population rises, more and more people become aware of the
product and therefore demand increases as a result. Due to this,
the company is forced to supply more quantities of the product
to satisfy the growing demand. They are not impressed in
supplying more products in the market at depressed prices.
Furthermore, available substitutes such as hot food supplies
affect the demand and supply of the product. A number of
people are able to acquire the same food products at restaurant
or being supplied by other competitive companies leading to a
drop in demand (Starr, 2011).
Consumer tastes and preferences affect the supply and demand
of goods and services in the market. Some consumers prefer
cooking their own food rather than buying packaged
21. microwavable food. Again, consumer trends may shift basing on
the fact that microwavable food is not safe.
Another cause could be recession and high rates of
unemployment. The recession is one good example of when and
how change starts occurring in supply and demand. In the
current recession that we are living in, people are losing their
jobs and so they have to find ways to economize and make
changes in the way they spend and what they purchase.
Consumers also take in mind what is needed the most and what
is considered a luxury or treat. People will often differentiate
between their needs and wants.
Under free market conditions, a negative shift in demand results
in lower quantities demanded and as such, suppliers are inclined
to reduce supply. A positive shift in demand leads to a rise in
quantities demanded and a positive shift in supply as suppliers
position themselves to take advantage of higher prices. As a
supplier, the lower the price, the less I will supply to the market
in a bid to push up prices when demand increases. With a rise in
demand, I would supply more units to the market so that I can
make more profits by charging more for the product (Palmer &
Ontario, 2006).
Competition from other substitutes should be contained by
reducing the price of the goods and commodities sold. This will
encourage consumers to opt for the cheaper commodity as
opposed to the alternatives in the market. The same principle
can be applied in situations where consumer tastes and
preferences change in favor of a rival product. It should be
noted that there is a minimum below which prices cannot be
reduced due to overheads and incidental costs like repair and
maintenance. In other instances, it may be prudent for the firm
to invest in products that the consumers prefer rather than
engage in expensive price wars.
Primary Manner In Which Both The Short-Term And The Long-
22. Term Changes In Market Conditions Could Impact The Demand
For, And The Supply Of The Product.
Short-term changes in the market include seasonal supply of
substitute commodity, seasonal product preferences, price
fluctuations, inflation in economy among others. The short-term
changes tend to create sharp increase or decrease in both
demand and supply seasonally but in overall the price or
demand deviation is maintained at manageable levels.
On the other hand long-term changes in the market would
involve customer shifting their trends permanently and adopting
the usage of another better product leading to decreased demand
and supply. Other factors that would play a great role in long-
term changes in the market include change in technology,
change of culture and lifestyle, change in economy among
others. A change in technology would mean that people will
cease to use the product as there are other better means of
utilizing the product or get totally replaced products. This
implies that demand will decrease substantially similarly to
supply as prices will tend to decrease discouraging the
suppliers. Change in feeding culture leads to permanent shift of
consumer trends leading to a decrease in demand and thus the
supply. In case the economic performance of a nation improves,
consumer tends to shift to higher preferences and tastes
lowering the demand and supply of the product (Palmer &
Ontario, 2006).
.
Crucial Factors That Could Cause Rightward Shifts of the
Demand and Supply Curves
The factors that lead to rightward shift include rise in income.
With increased income, consumers have extra or more money to
spend particularly on normal goods. Hence, the demand on the
product will increase despite of high prices offered.
23. Consequently supply will increase shifting both the curves of
demand and supply rightwards. Also when the price of
complement goes down and that of substitute goes up, demand
and supply curves will shift rightwards as more people tends to
prefer the product they can afford. Also the people preference
may make them to like a certain product hence causing an
increase in demand and thus the supply. This results in a
rightward shift of demand and supply curve. Other cases include
the situation where the consumer expect an increase in value of
the product, hence increasing demand and supply thus the
rightward shift. An increase in population too.
Crucial Factors That Could Cause Leftward Shifts of the
Demand and Supply Curves
A leftward shift is caused by a decrease in income. The
consumers have insufficient funds to spend and they spend the
little they have on inferior goods. The demand for the product
goes down. The suppliers are unwilling to supply more hence
the leftward shift for both cases. An increase in price will
discourage consumers from purchasing the product by causing
them to look for a cheap substitute; this causes the demand and
supply to decrease, consequently leading to a leftward shift.
Change in tastes also causes the leftward shift of the demand
and supply curves when the preference disfavors the product.
References
Barber, J. R. (2010). Elasticity. Dordrecht: Springer.
Palmer, J., Roseman, E., Murgatroyd, S., Films for the
Humanities (Firm), & TVOntario.
(2006). Supply and demand.
Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities and Sciences.
Starr, R. M. (2011). General equilibrium theory: An
introduction. New York: Cambridge
University Press.