SSCC has decided to start publishing a Digital Journal as a part of its function as a think-tank. The first issue features articles compiled in the first place by members of the National Association of African American Studies in the United States, as well as pieces from the Balkans and Timor Leste, focusing on peace.
Armed conflicts have severe consequences for human rights and society. They often result in direct violence that claims millions of lives, especially of women and children. Conflicts also lead to widespread displacement of populations, leaving many as refugees. Additionally, conflicts are associated with increased sexual violence and exposure to HIV. Beyond physical impacts, conflicts also have psychological impacts and undermine family and social structures. Overall, armed conflicts violate human rights, destroy economies and infrastructure, and can promote a culture of violence.
Urbanization is the growth of urban areas due to global population changes. The UN projects that half the world's population will live in urban areas by 2008. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and sociological changes. It describes both the proportion of people living in urban areas and the rate of increase of urban populations over time. As more people move from rural to urban areas in search of jobs and opportunities, global urban growth is rapid, especially in developing countries and Asia/Africa. This urbanization leads to environmental effects like urban heat islands and increased pollution in cities.
“LEE’s PERCEPTIONS ON HUMAN SECURITY IN AFRICA”John LEE
This document summarizes Lee's perceptions on human security in Africa. It discusses how human security is threatened in multiple ways across Africa, including economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security dimensions. It also examines factors that shape security, like conflicts, instability, attacks, poverty, and disease. Conflict is prevalent in Africa due to factors like colonial boundaries, poverty, competition over resources, and refugee crises undermine stability. To improve human security, the document recommends policies promoting social inclusion, equitable access to resources, human rights protections, and partnerships between security institutions and other organizations.
Исследование было проведено по заказу Международного Комитета Красного Креста (МККК) компанией Ipsos. Опрос проводился с 1 июня по 7 октября 2019 г. с использованием комбинированных методов; всего было опрошено 16 288 взрослых в возрасте 20–35 лет из 16 перечисленных ниже стран. Афганистан, Израиль, Индонезия, Колумбия, Малайзия, Мексика, Нигерия, оккупированные палестинские территории, Россия, Сирия, Соединенное Королевство, США, Украина, Франция, Швейцария и ЮАР.
Bin Laden, Intelligence, And National Securityzmiers
This document provides an overview of intelligence failures and recommendations for reform. It argues that the US spends too much on secret intelligence and military programs, and not enough on open source intelligence, humanitarian aid, and understanding other cultures. It recommends a more balanced approach across diplomatic, economic and social issues to better address the root causes of conflicts and threats.
Increasing Resilience to Conflict in the Arab worldIFPRIMENA
This document discusses increasing resilience to conflict in the Arab world by improving food security. It finds that food insecurity is a major cause and consequence of conflict in the region at both national and household levels. Countries in transition are especially vulnerable to conflict. The document recommends country-specific food security strategies as key to development and peace. It analyzes Yemen's national food security strategy and its 7-point action plan focusing on improving the business climate, agricultural transformation, water management, food trade, social transfers, public services, and empowering women.
The document discusses two Americas, one where millions experience opportunity for life, liberty and happiness, and another facing national problems like immigration, unemployment and recession and international issues such as ongoing wars and natural disasters. It briefly lists these challenges without further context or explanation.
The document provides an overview of the genocide and humanitarian crisis in Darfur, Sudan. It discusses the historical context of conflict in the region, the ethnic and tribal divisions, and the slow international response to describe the crisis as genocide. It also examines the impact on society through death, displacement, disease, and reliance on aid, as well as the economic and health implications of the ongoing conflict.
Armed conflicts have severe consequences for human rights and society. They often result in direct violence that claims millions of lives, especially of women and children. Conflicts also lead to widespread displacement of populations, leaving many as refugees. Additionally, conflicts are associated with increased sexual violence and exposure to HIV. Beyond physical impacts, conflicts also have psychological impacts and undermine family and social structures. Overall, armed conflicts violate human rights, destroy economies and infrastructure, and can promote a culture of violence.
Urbanization is the growth of urban areas due to global population changes. The UN projects that half the world's population will live in urban areas by 2008. Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and sociological changes. It describes both the proportion of people living in urban areas and the rate of increase of urban populations over time. As more people move from rural to urban areas in search of jobs and opportunities, global urban growth is rapid, especially in developing countries and Asia/Africa. This urbanization leads to environmental effects like urban heat islands and increased pollution in cities.
“LEE’s PERCEPTIONS ON HUMAN SECURITY IN AFRICA”John LEE
This document summarizes Lee's perceptions on human security in Africa. It discusses how human security is threatened in multiple ways across Africa, including economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community, and political security dimensions. It also examines factors that shape security, like conflicts, instability, attacks, poverty, and disease. Conflict is prevalent in Africa due to factors like colonial boundaries, poverty, competition over resources, and refugee crises undermine stability. To improve human security, the document recommends policies promoting social inclusion, equitable access to resources, human rights protections, and partnerships between security institutions and other organizations.
Исследование было проведено по заказу Международного Комитета Красного Креста (МККК) компанией Ipsos. Опрос проводился с 1 июня по 7 октября 2019 г. с использованием комбинированных методов; всего было опрошено 16 288 взрослых в возрасте 20–35 лет из 16 перечисленных ниже стран. Афганистан, Израиль, Индонезия, Колумбия, Малайзия, Мексика, Нигерия, оккупированные палестинские территории, Россия, Сирия, Соединенное Королевство, США, Украина, Франция, Швейцария и ЮАР.
Bin Laden, Intelligence, And National Securityzmiers
This document provides an overview of intelligence failures and recommendations for reform. It argues that the US spends too much on secret intelligence and military programs, and not enough on open source intelligence, humanitarian aid, and understanding other cultures. It recommends a more balanced approach across diplomatic, economic and social issues to better address the root causes of conflicts and threats.
Increasing Resilience to Conflict in the Arab worldIFPRIMENA
This document discusses increasing resilience to conflict in the Arab world by improving food security. It finds that food insecurity is a major cause and consequence of conflict in the region at both national and household levels. Countries in transition are especially vulnerable to conflict. The document recommends country-specific food security strategies as key to development and peace. It analyzes Yemen's national food security strategy and its 7-point action plan focusing on improving the business climate, agricultural transformation, water management, food trade, social transfers, public services, and empowering women.
The document discusses two Americas, one where millions experience opportunity for life, liberty and happiness, and another facing national problems like immigration, unemployment and recession and international issues such as ongoing wars and natural disasters. It briefly lists these challenges without further context or explanation.
The document provides an overview of the genocide and humanitarian crisis in Darfur, Sudan. It discusses the historical context of conflict in the region, the ethnic and tribal divisions, and the slow international response to describe the crisis as genocide. It also examines the impact on society through death, displacement, disease, and reliance on aid, as well as the economic and health implications of the ongoing conflict.
Genocide prevention task force united states institute of peaceMYO AUNG Myanmar
The report makes the case that genocide prevention is in America's values and interests, and is an achievable goal. It provides recommendations for the U.S. government to better prevent genocide, including that the incoming president should demonstrate preventing genocide is a priority by developing a government-wide policy and standing interagency mechanism for analysis and coordination of preventive action. The report aims to provide a blueprint to help the U.S. confront genocide before it occurs through leadership, analysis of risks, engagement, diplomacy, military options if needed, and strengthening international norms.
This document discusses the major humanitarian food crises caused by civil wars and ethnic conflicts around the world. It focuses on Lebanon as a case study, where the large influx of over 1 million Syrian refugees, about a quarter of Lebanon's population, has severely strained the country's resources and led to widespread food insecurity. The prolonged civil conflict in Syria has displaced millions of people both within Syria and to neighboring countries like Lebanon. The economic costs of civil wars and conflicts are immense for both the countries experiencing the conflicts and those hosting large refugee populations. Addressing these humanitarian crises is crucial to achieving global food security goals.
Mamdani argues that Western approaches to conflicts in Africa, like Darfur, are shaped by colonial assumptions of African inferiority and a "savior mentality." Colonialism disrupted indigenous social structures and boundaries in Darfur, exacerbating conflicts over scarce resources. Western groups like Save Darfur simplify the conflict as a genocide and call for military intervention, ignoring its complex historical roots. By labeling it a genocide, they attract attention and funds but undermine local peace efforts. Mamdani calls for removing exploitative influences and allowing indigenous societies to rebuild sustainable social systems.
This document outlines best practices for addressing conflict and food insecurity. It defines conflict and food security, and explains how the two are often interconnected. Conflict can destroy agricultural resources and displace people, leading to food insecurity, while food insecurity itself can be a cause of conflict. The document recommends using food aid as an entry point for resolving conflict in fragile areas, while also promoting long-term agricultural investments, early warning systems, and contingency planning to build resilience against future crises. Adaptation to climate change, increased research and extension services, and cautious use of technologies like biotechnology are also suggested for improving food security in conflict-prone regions.
1) The document analyzes the economic and political causes of civil wars in Africa using data from 1960-1999.
2) It finds that civil wars are more likely in countries with lower GDP growth, natural resources that can be "looted", less democracy, and ethnic dominance.
3) The study concludes that economic diversification, poverty reduction, population control, and political reforms are needed to prevent conflict, and accelerating political reforms toward governance and rights could help reduce civil wars.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of conflict on children in Nuwagaon, Nepal. It begins by providing background on conflict behavior and how conflict can have both negative and positive outcomes. It then discusses several causes of conflict in Nuwagaon, including political ideologies, power structures, and economic issues. The document notes that conflict has various impacts on children, such as psychological trauma, disruption of education, and recruitment as child soldiers. It aims to analyze the specific causes of conflict in Nuwagaon and assess the consequences of conflict on children in the area.
The document provides background on the cultural conflicts in Iran over the past century. It describes how the Shah mandated westernization that clashed with traditional Islamic practices, fueling anger among the population. The Ayatollah Khomeini exploited this anger to rise to power in 1979. Since then, Iran has modernized in some ways but still faces political and economic challenges. The author chose this topic to better understand tensions between Iran and other nations as well as come to terms with their own experiences.
Armed conflicts in Africa over the past 15 years have cost nearly $300 billion that could have been used to alleviate poverty and improve health and education. Ongoing conflicts have led to increased infant mortality, malnutrition, illiteracy, and decreased life expectancy and access to healthcare. Child soldiers have been involved in 21 ongoing armed conflicts worldwide, especially in Africa, where children as young as 9 have fought and been forced to commit atrocities against their own communities. Efforts to curb the use of child soldiers include international agreements and demobilization programs, but more funding is needed for effective, long-term reintegration support.
IFAD-IFPRI-PIM Workshop on Enhancing Resilience to Conflict in Arab Countries...IFPRIMENA
Joint IFAD-IFPRI-PIM Workshop on Enhancing Resilience to Conflict in Arab Countries through Research and Arab Spatial 2.0, IFAD Headquarter, Rome, 16 January 2014
1) The document discusses closing the growing technological gap between upper and lower classes to address issues of inequality. It proposes using technology as a tool to decrease financial burdens on lower classes and elevate their living standards.
2) Issues of inequality like those related to social class have historically led to conflicts and revolutions when lower classes feel oppressed without representation. Education is presented as a way to overcome stereotypes and extremism.
3) Solutions proposed include renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and education to provide skills and moderate cultures while raising standards of living. This may decrease conflicts by addressing root causes of inequality.
2. 11 8 21 humanity and its place in nature_ rethinking the reality of 'wild....krishu80
The Western concept of wilderness encompasses pristinEnvironmental Justice Wilderness Nature National Parks Conservation Preservation Native Americans
e, untrammeled land viewed as “the last remaining place where civilization…has not fully infected the earth” (Cronon, 1995, p. 69). Indeed, many Americans possess this dualistic vision that separates nature and humanity, thus leading to the creation of preservation areas that restrict human habitation. Of course, the protection of what is perceived as “pristine” and “virgin” land completely ignores the fact that humans inhabited these lands for millennia without permanently damaging them. Instead, these preserves are created in response to the environmental degradation caused by modern society and industrialization as well as society’s modern, flawed conceptualization of wilderness. William Cronon in “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature” (1995), Mark Woods in “Wilderness” (2001), and Richard Mertens in “Can’t See the Forest for the Trees” (2008) reject the socially constructed views of nature and wilderness as well as oppose the notion that humans are separate from nature. In concert with these scholars, I argue that humans are ethically charged with the responsibility to care both for human and non-human life.
website and earn money for free sit
What is now Glacier National Park was originally the home of the Blackfeet tribe, although they have now been banished to a small reservation outside the park and banned from carrying on traditional activities inside the park.
Cronon, Woods, and Mertens, take issue with the human conception of wildness. In particular, they discredit the traditionally Western philosophy that nature is separate from humanity and that wilderness is defined by pristine lands untouched by humans. Mertens (2008) accurately sums up the major theme that all three authors attempt to convey when he writes that there is a “myth of the pristine” (p. 38) in which “untouched forests may be more an invention of the Western mind than something found in the real world” (p. 38). Reflecting on these texts, I agree with the authors’ shared conclusion of a flawed ideal of nature and wilderness because I believe that separating humanity from nature ignores our entire human history, particularly the history of marginalized indigenous peoples. Cronon (1995) accurately calls this an “escape from history” (p. 80). Woods (2001) effectively employs the word “genocide” (p. 357) to discuss the displacement and killing of Native Americans for purposes of developing land as well as preserving wilderness areas. I also concur with Cronon (1995) when he states that “any way of looking at nature that encourages us to believe we are separate from nature – as wilderness tends to do so—is likely to reinforce environmentally irresponsible behavior” (p. 87). Furthermore, if we on
The Ecological Threat Register 2020 identifies three key findings:
1) 141 countries face at least one ecological threat by 2050, with 19 countries facing four or more threats impacting 2.1 billion people.
2) Approximately 1 billion people live in countries that lack resilience to expected ecological changes by 2050, placing them at risk of displacement.
3) Major challenges include food insecurity impacting an estimated 3.5 billion people by 2050, and water stress affecting over 5.4 billion people in 59 countries by 2040.
A critical analysis of the concept of sustainability arguing that the structure of capitalism is an inappropriate means to address the problems created by capitalism.
This document discusses concepts related to human rights such as ethics, morality, civil society, and sanctions. It then examines the human condition globally, particularly in the global south, using metrics like poverty rates, life expectancy, and access to resources. It also discusses measures of human development through indices that evaluate factors like income, education, and health. Overall, it provides an overview of the status of human rights internationally, challenges faced in different regions, and approaches to protecting human rights globally.
How do population dynamics affect greenhouse gases and climate change? Will urbanization and an ageing population help or hinder efforts to adapt to a warming world? And could better reproductive health care and improved relations between women and men make a difference in the fight against climate change? Find the answers in the State of World Population 2009.
This document presents a pilot study examining factors that influence fertility rates around the world through regression analysis. It begins with an introduction on the importance of understanding population growth and factors influencing fertility rates. It then reviews literature on previous fertility rate studies and explains the 14 endogenous variables to be used in the regression model, including contraceptive use, GDP per capita, health expenditures, internet access, and literacy and labor participation rates. The document outlines the methodology to be used and topics to be covered in the subsequent sections.
The document discusses two major revolutions that shaped human geography: the Agricultural Revolution began around 10,000 years ago as humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to farming, settling into villages. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th century Europe and was driven by technological innovations that increased agricultural and later industrial productivity. It also discusses models of population growth and debates around addressing overpopulation through reducing birth rates versus letting death rates increase.
This document provides an introduction to a study on the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (UNCEDAW) and its impact on women's socio-political rights in the South-South region of Nigeria from 1999-2010. It discusses the historical discrimination and lack of rights faced by women globally and in Nigeria under customary laws and statutes. It outlines Nigeria's ratification of UNCEDAW in 1985 and submission of periodic reports to the Committee on CEDAW to assess progress on eliminating discrimination against women. However, it notes that submission of reports does not clearly demonstrate enhanced rights or roles for women in practice.
An investigation into the prevalent types of conflicts, conflict indicatorsAlexander Decker
This article investigates the types of conflicts prevalent in Africa from 2007 to 2009, their causes, and how conflicts undermine disaster management. It identifies six main types of conflicts: armed conflict, border disputes, food riots, political violence, targeted attacks, and inter-communal strife. Armed conflict is found to be the most prevalent type, affecting 13 countries including Sudan, Somalia, DRC, and Ethiopia. Various economic, political, social, and environmental factors are seen as causes and drivers of conflicts. Conflict is also seen as undermining disaster management by hindering development processes. The study recommends collaborative efforts among states, organizations, and communities to promote peace and security in Africa.
This document discusses how science and technology education can strengthen peace building. It begins by outlining some of the main causes of conflicts in Africa, including inequitable distribution of resources, poverty, breakdown of communication, and lack of a culture of peace. The document then examines the role that scientific knowledge, application of knowledge, and scientific processes can play in influencing socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, communication, and mindsets that promote peace - all of which are important aspects of peace building.
Genocide prevention task force united states institute of peaceMYO AUNG Myanmar
The report makes the case that genocide prevention is in America's values and interests, and is an achievable goal. It provides recommendations for the U.S. government to better prevent genocide, including that the incoming president should demonstrate preventing genocide is a priority by developing a government-wide policy and standing interagency mechanism for analysis and coordination of preventive action. The report aims to provide a blueprint to help the U.S. confront genocide before it occurs through leadership, analysis of risks, engagement, diplomacy, military options if needed, and strengthening international norms.
This document discusses the major humanitarian food crises caused by civil wars and ethnic conflicts around the world. It focuses on Lebanon as a case study, where the large influx of over 1 million Syrian refugees, about a quarter of Lebanon's population, has severely strained the country's resources and led to widespread food insecurity. The prolonged civil conflict in Syria has displaced millions of people both within Syria and to neighboring countries like Lebanon. The economic costs of civil wars and conflicts are immense for both the countries experiencing the conflicts and those hosting large refugee populations. Addressing these humanitarian crises is crucial to achieving global food security goals.
Mamdani argues that Western approaches to conflicts in Africa, like Darfur, are shaped by colonial assumptions of African inferiority and a "savior mentality." Colonialism disrupted indigenous social structures and boundaries in Darfur, exacerbating conflicts over scarce resources. Western groups like Save Darfur simplify the conflict as a genocide and call for military intervention, ignoring its complex historical roots. By labeling it a genocide, they attract attention and funds but undermine local peace efforts. Mamdani calls for removing exploitative influences and allowing indigenous societies to rebuild sustainable social systems.
This document outlines best practices for addressing conflict and food insecurity. It defines conflict and food security, and explains how the two are often interconnected. Conflict can destroy agricultural resources and displace people, leading to food insecurity, while food insecurity itself can be a cause of conflict. The document recommends using food aid as an entry point for resolving conflict in fragile areas, while also promoting long-term agricultural investments, early warning systems, and contingency planning to build resilience against future crises. Adaptation to climate change, increased research and extension services, and cautious use of technologies like biotechnology are also suggested for improving food security in conflict-prone regions.
1) The document analyzes the economic and political causes of civil wars in Africa using data from 1960-1999.
2) It finds that civil wars are more likely in countries with lower GDP growth, natural resources that can be "looted", less democracy, and ethnic dominance.
3) The study concludes that economic diversification, poverty reduction, population control, and political reforms are needed to prevent conflict, and accelerating political reforms toward governance and rights could help reduce civil wars.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of conflict on children in Nuwagaon, Nepal. It begins by providing background on conflict behavior and how conflict can have both negative and positive outcomes. It then discusses several causes of conflict in Nuwagaon, including political ideologies, power structures, and economic issues. The document notes that conflict has various impacts on children, such as psychological trauma, disruption of education, and recruitment as child soldiers. It aims to analyze the specific causes of conflict in Nuwagaon and assess the consequences of conflict on children in the area.
The document provides background on the cultural conflicts in Iran over the past century. It describes how the Shah mandated westernization that clashed with traditional Islamic practices, fueling anger among the population. The Ayatollah Khomeini exploited this anger to rise to power in 1979. Since then, Iran has modernized in some ways but still faces political and economic challenges. The author chose this topic to better understand tensions between Iran and other nations as well as come to terms with their own experiences.
Armed conflicts in Africa over the past 15 years have cost nearly $300 billion that could have been used to alleviate poverty and improve health and education. Ongoing conflicts have led to increased infant mortality, malnutrition, illiteracy, and decreased life expectancy and access to healthcare. Child soldiers have been involved in 21 ongoing armed conflicts worldwide, especially in Africa, where children as young as 9 have fought and been forced to commit atrocities against their own communities. Efforts to curb the use of child soldiers include international agreements and demobilization programs, but more funding is needed for effective, long-term reintegration support.
IFAD-IFPRI-PIM Workshop on Enhancing Resilience to Conflict in Arab Countries...IFPRIMENA
Joint IFAD-IFPRI-PIM Workshop on Enhancing Resilience to Conflict in Arab Countries through Research and Arab Spatial 2.0, IFAD Headquarter, Rome, 16 January 2014
1) The document discusses closing the growing technological gap between upper and lower classes to address issues of inequality. It proposes using technology as a tool to decrease financial burdens on lower classes and elevate their living standards.
2) Issues of inequality like those related to social class have historically led to conflicts and revolutions when lower classes feel oppressed without representation. Education is presented as a way to overcome stereotypes and extremism.
3) Solutions proposed include renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and education to provide skills and moderate cultures while raising standards of living. This may decrease conflicts by addressing root causes of inequality.
2. 11 8 21 humanity and its place in nature_ rethinking the reality of 'wild....krishu80
The Western concept of wilderness encompasses pristinEnvironmental Justice Wilderness Nature National Parks Conservation Preservation Native Americans
e, untrammeled land viewed as “the last remaining place where civilization…has not fully infected the earth” (Cronon, 1995, p. 69). Indeed, many Americans possess this dualistic vision that separates nature and humanity, thus leading to the creation of preservation areas that restrict human habitation. Of course, the protection of what is perceived as “pristine” and “virgin” land completely ignores the fact that humans inhabited these lands for millennia without permanently damaging them. Instead, these preserves are created in response to the environmental degradation caused by modern society and industrialization as well as society’s modern, flawed conceptualization of wilderness. William Cronon in “The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature” (1995), Mark Woods in “Wilderness” (2001), and Richard Mertens in “Can’t See the Forest for the Trees” (2008) reject the socially constructed views of nature and wilderness as well as oppose the notion that humans are separate from nature. In concert with these scholars, I argue that humans are ethically charged with the responsibility to care both for human and non-human life.
website and earn money for free sit
What is now Glacier National Park was originally the home of the Blackfeet tribe, although they have now been banished to a small reservation outside the park and banned from carrying on traditional activities inside the park.
Cronon, Woods, and Mertens, take issue with the human conception of wildness. In particular, they discredit the traditionally Western philosophy that nature is separate from humanity and that wilderness is defined by pristine lands untouched by humans. Mertens (2008) accurately sums up the major theme that all three authors attempt to convey when he writes that there is a “myth of the pristine” (p. 38) in which “untouched forests may be more an invention of the Western mind than something found in the real world” (p. 38). Reflecting on these texts, I agree with the authors’ shared conclusion of a flawed ideal of nature and wilderness because I believe that separating humanity from nature ignores our entire human history, particularly the history of marginalized indigenous peoples. Cronon (1995) accurately calls this an “escape from history” (p. 80). Woods (2001) effectively employs the word “genocide” (p. 357) to discuss the displacement and killing of Native Americans for purposes of developing land as well as preserving wilderness areas. I also concur with Cronon (1995) when he states that “any way of looking at nature that encourages us to believe we are separate from nature – as wilderness tends to do so—is likely to reinforce environmentally irresponsible behavior” (p. 87). Furthermore, if we on
The Ecological Threat Register 2020 identifies three key findings:
1) 141 countries face at least one ecological threat by 2050, with 19 countries facing four or more threats impacting 2.1 billion people.
2) Approximately 1 billion people live in countries that lack resilience to expected ecological changes by 2050, placing them at risk of displacement.
3) Major challenges include food insecurity impacting an estimated 3.5 billion people by 2050, and water stress affecting over 5.4 billion people in 59 countries by 2040.
A critical analysis of the concept of sustainability arguing that the structure of capitalism is an inappropriate means to address the problems created by capitalism.
This document discusses concepts related to human rights such as ethics, morality, civil society, and sanctions. It then examines the human condition globally, particularly in the global south, using metrics like poverty rates, life expectancy, and access to resources. It also discusses measures of human development through indices that evaluate factors like income, education, and health. Overall, it provides an overview of the status of human rights internationally, challenges faced in different regions, and approaches to protecting human rights globally.
How do population dynamics affect greenhouse gases and climate change? Will urbanization and an ageing population help or hinder efforts to adapt to a warming world? And could better reproductive health care and improved relations between women and men make a difference in the fight against climate change? Find the answers in the State of World Population 2009.
This document presents a pilot study examining factors that influence fertility rates around the world through regression analysis. It begins with an introduction on the importance of understanding population growth and factors influencing fertility rates. It then reviews literature on previous fertility rate studies and explains the 14 endogenous variables to be used in the regression model, including contraceptive use, GDP per capita, health expenditures, internet access, and literacy and labor participation rates. The document outlines the methodology to be used and topics to be covered in the subsequent sections.
The document discusses two major revolutions that shaped human geography: the Agricultural Revolution began around 10,000 years ago as humans transitioned from hunting and gathering to farming, settling into villages. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th century Europe and was driven by technological innovations that increased agricultural and later industrial productivity. It also discusses models of population growth and debates around addressing overpopulation through reducing birth rates versus letting death rates increase.
This document provides an introduction to a study on the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (UNCEDAW) and its impact on women's socio-political rights in the South-South region of Nigeria from 1999-2010. It discusses the historical discrimination and lack of rights faced by women globally and in Nigeria under customary laws and statutes. It outlines Nigeria's ratification of UNCEDAW in 1985 and submission of periodic reports to the Committee on CEDAW to assess progress on eliminating discrimination against women. However, it notes that submission of reports does not clearly demonstrate enhanced rights or roles for women in practice.
Similar to Impact of Global Conflict on Our Children Lemuel Berry, Jr., Ph.D., Executive Director National Association of African American Studies & Affiliates
An investigation into the prevalent types of conflicts, conflict indicatorsAlexander Decker
This article investigates the types of conflicts prevalent in Africa from 2007 to 2009, their causes, and how conflicts undermine disaster management. It identifies six main types of conflicts: armed conflict, border disputes, food riots, political violence, targeted attacks, and inter-communal strife. Armed conflict is found to be the most prevalent type, affecting 13 countries including Sudan, Somalia, DRC, and Ethiopia. Various economic, political, social, and environmental factors are seen as causes and drivers of conflicts. Conflict is also seen as undermining disaster management by hindering development processes. The study recommends collaborative efforts among states, organizations, and communities to promote peace and security in Africa.
This document discusses how science and technology education can strengthen peace building. It begins by outlining some of the main causes of conflicts in Africa, including inequitable distribution of resources, poverty, breakdown of communication, and lack of a culture of peace. The document then examines the role that scientific knowledge, application of knowledge, and scientific processes can play in influencing socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, communication, and mindsets that promote peace - all of which are important aspects of peace building.
This document discusses how science and technology education can strengthen peace building. It begins by outlining some of the main causes of conflicts in Africa, including inequitable distribution of resources, poverty, breakdown of communication, and lack of a culture of peace. The document then examines the role that scientific knowledge, its application, and the scientific process can play in influencing socioeconomic development, poverty reduction, communication, and mindsets that promote peace - all of which are important aspects of peace building.
CONSEQUENCES OF LAND CONFLICTBASED ON LACK OF AGRARIAN JUSTICE IN KITCHANGA L...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Land conflict is not a new phenomenon across the world. It is widely documented that often
land conflict affectsnegatively on peace building and cohesion among people. This is evident in many places,
including Kitchanga locality in D.R. Congo, where land issues trigger unending conflict between peasant
farmers and herders.Land conflict in this area has led to numerous negative effects on socio-economic lifeof
people. However, evidence shows that agrarian justice has the power to resolve such conflict, although research
on the same in the area remains scant. In this perspective, therefore,this paper has sought to examine the
consequences of land conflict based on lack of agrarian justice in Kitchanga locality in D.R. Congo.In this
regards, the contribution of this paper was to present agrarian justice as means to resolve land-related conflicts
in Kitchanga locality in D.R. Congo.Withthis, the paper sought to help mitigating the persistent land conflict
between peasant farmers and herders in the area.
KEYWORDS: Land conflict, consequences, farmers, herders, agrarian justice, Kitchanga locality.
Mass Killing in the Amhara Region by the National Defense Force Implications ...fasil12
The mass killing in the Amhara region by the national defense force has significant implications for peace and stability in Ethiopia. The incident highlights the fragility of peace in the region, as well as the urgent need for accountability, reconciliation, and dialogue among different communities. The government must take decisive action to address the root causes of violence and ensure the protection of all its citizens to prevent further bloodshed and suffering. Failure to do so risks further destabilization and conflict, with devastating consequences for the people of Ethiopia.
Social dimensions peace theme 4 challenging the war systemMark
This document discusses challenging the war system through peace education. It defines different types of war and their causes, such as territorial disputes, intolerance of differences, and power struggles. The effects of war include massive death, atrocities, displacement of people, proliferation of weapons, hindering development, and trauma. Peace education seeks to develop a global perspective by teaching the oneness of humanity and that war is a choice rather than inevitable, while also teaching peaceful conflict resolution skills.
Module 2 Effects of Cultural Diversity and Globalization on Homel.docxroushhsiu
Cultural diversity and globalization both positively and negatively impact national and international security. Tensions arising from cultural diversity and globalization present challenges for nations and the international community to address through cooperation and integrated solutions. Failed states, characterized by lack of governance and violence against citizens, have served as launching pads for transnational terrorism. Coordinated cultural and political approaches are needed to confront the growing threat of terrorism.
American Society of International Law is collaborating with .docxShiraPrater50
American Society of International Law is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Proceedings of
the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law).
http://www.jstor.org
The Responsibility to Protect: Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention
Author(s): Gareth Evans
Source: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), Vol. 98 (
MARCH 31-APRIL 3, 2004), pp. 78-89
Published by: American Society of International Law
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78 ASIL Proceedings, 2004
Pentagon and is presently an adviser to the Kerry campaign. Mr. Feinstein is also cochair with
Anne-Marie Slaughter of the ASIL-Council on Foreign Relations Project on Old Rules, New
Threats and published with Dean Slaughter the article in the January/February issue of Foreign
Affairs that introduced the concept of "a duty to prevent."3
The Responsibility to Protect: Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention
by Gareth Evans*
The Policy Challenge
Until terrorism overwhelmed international attention after 9/11, the really big issue in inter
national relations?the one that must have launched a thousand Ph.Ds?was the "right of
humanitarian intervention," the question of when, if ever, it is appropriate for states to take
coercive action, in particular coercive military action, against another state in order to protect
people at risk in that other state. Man-made internal catastrophe, and what the international
community should do about it, is what more than anything else preoccupied international rela
tions practitioners, commentators, and scholars in the decade after the Cold War.
The cases on which the debate centered are all burnished in our memory. They are cases both
when intervention happened and when it did not:
The debacle of the international intervention in Somalia in 1993;
The pathetically inadequate response to genocide in Rwanda in 1994;
The utter inability of the UN presence to prevent murderous ethnic cleansing in Srebrenica
in ...
War and peace are two powerful forces that have been shaping civilizations. Every nation has gone through various degrees of conflicts. In this paper, the author asks what history lessons can be used to educate the public and policy makers on conflict prevention. If we were to avoid repeating the mistakes and wars of the past, the author believes new innovative approaches are needed for solving old problems of conflicts within a nation and between nations. Alongside current steps to promote social order, the psychology of war and peace must be adequately looked into and utilized in forming the needed policies.
A thorough analysis on Samuel P. Huntington's, Clash of Civilizations. The presentation starts with some basic information on the writer, the nature and history of civilizations as well as the basic reasons of their conflict. It continues with presenting and criticizing specific topics imposed by the writer and ends with our own ideas and implications based on the work of Samuel P. Huntington.
Impact of Land Dispute on Economic Well Being of Conflicting Communities in A...YogeshIJTSRD
The study is focused on the impact of land dispute on the economic well being of conflicting communities in Anambra State. Land is a vital natural resource that hosts and sustains all living things and its economic importance accounts for its use as the base for all economic activities. Dispute over land has a tremendous adverse effect on the economic progress of the disputing communities. The sample size of the study was 530 adult respondents. The respondents were selected through the process of categorising the communities of the study into six social sub groups. Questionnaire guide, Focused Group Discussion FGD and Key Informant Interview KII guides were used as instruments for the collection of quantitative data and qualitative data. The sampling technique was probability sampling procedure, to ensure that relevant individuals were met. Selection of the respondents from each of the population categories was done by proportionate stratified random sampling method. The study showed that any community involved in land dispute is always faced with challenge of backwardness of economic progress. No community with records of land dispute especially when it is violent, ever has provision or prospects of development because whatever will be built is built on land. Onwuegbusi, Chike Abden | Prof. Bentina Mathias "Impact of Land Dispute on Economic Well-Being of Conflicting Communities in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44940.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/44940/impact-of-land-dispute-on-economic-wellbeing-of-conflicting-communities-in-anambra-state/onwuegbusi-chike-abden
Presentation on major problems of the world and solutionsawaisbinsaeeed
The document discusses major issues facing the Muslim world and potential solutions. It identifies issues such as war, poverty, human rights violations, illiteracy, lack of progress, and regional divisions. It then examines the problems of poverty, human rights violations, ongoing wars in various Muslim-majority countries and regions like Palestine, and proposes solutions such as applying faith, unity, discipline, pan-Islamism, and independent reasoning to help unite and strengthen the Muslim world.
Peace Reconciliation and Sustainable Development PPT-PDF.pptetebarkhmichale
Introduction
In life, there are universal laws that govern everything we do. These laws are so perfect that if you were to align yourself with them, you could have so much prosperity that it would be coming out of your ears. This is because God created the universe in the image and likeness of him. It is failure to follow the universal laws that causes one to fail. The laws that were created consisted of the following: ·
Law of Gratitude: The Law of Gratitude states that you must show gratitude for what you have. By having gratitude, you speed your growth and success faster than you normally would. This is because if you appreciate the things you have, even if they are small things, you are open to receiving more.
Law of Attraction: The Law of Attraction states that if you focus your attention on something long enough you will get it. It all starts in the mind. You think of something and when you think of it, you manifest that in your life. This could be a mental picture of a check or actual cash, but you think about it with an image.
Law of Karma: the Law of Karma states that if you go out and do something bad, it will come back to you with something bad. If you do well for others, good things happen to you. The principle here is to know you can create good or bad through your actions. There will always be an effect no matter what.
Law of Love: the Law of Love states that love is more than emotion or feeling; it is energy. It has substance and can be felt. Love is also considered acceptance of oneself or others. This means that no matter what you do in life if you do not approach or leave the situation out of love, it won't work.
Law of Allowing: The Law of Allowing states that for us to get what we want, we must be receptive to it. We can't merely say to the Universe that we want something if we don't allow ourselves to receive it. This will defeat our purpose for wanting it in the first place.
Law of Vibration: the Law of Vibration states that if you wish on something and use your thoughts to visualize it, you are halfway there to get it. To complete the cycle you must use the Law of Vibration to feel part of what you want. Do this and you'll have anything you want in life.
For everything to function properly there has to be structure. Without structure, our world, or universe, would be in utter chaos. Successful people understand universal laws and apply them daily. They may not acknowledge that to you, but they do follow the laws. There is a higher power and this higher power controls the universe and what we get out of it. People who know this, but wish to direct their own lives, follow the reasons. Successful people don't sit around and say "I'll try," they say yes and act on it.
Chapter - 1
The Law of Attraction
The law of attraction is the most powerful force in the universe. If you work against it, it can only bring you pain and misery. Successful people know this but have kept it hidden from the lower class for centuries because th
“We can no longer afford to minimize or ignore the contributions of women and girls to all stages of conflict resolution, peacemaking, peace-building, peacekeeping and reconstruction processes.
Sustainable peace will not be achieved without the full and equal participation of women and men.”1 Kofi Annan Wars in the past two decades have heightened awareness of the vulnerability of non-combatants in civil strife. Civilians in every major conflict – Iraq, Afghanistan, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bosnia, Cambodia, El Salvador and others – have been regularly targeted as a tactic of war. Women have not escaped this targeting – in fact, in many conflicts, women have been particular targets, as armed forces attempt to demoralize their opponents.
At the same time, women have not participated in political negotiations to end their conflicts. Neither have they been included in many UN-sponsored mediations. As a result, a special concern for women’s issues is often missing from peace settlements, hampering reconstruction and reconciliation processes. Contemporary analysis of war and peace issues often draws on the idea of human security—in addition to national security— in order to focus on the individual as well as the connections between individuals and groups within societies.
In that way, peace depends on the belief by all those affected by the outcome of a negotiated peace or the resumption of war and violence (referred to as “stakeholders”) that their needs and aspirations will be taken into account. Increasingly, the inclusion of women is an essential element to understanding the roots of a conflict and also to developing innovative, viable solutions that can help establish sustainable peace. The importance of bringing gender into peacebuilding is not confined to redressing the violations of the human rights of women or addressing women’s economic, social, or justice needs. Instead, for many, a gendered perspective represents peacebuilding as a process of inclusion.
The document discusses US interventions overseas that often begin as humanitarian efforts but end up lasting much longer and costing more than initially estimated. It provides examples of interventions in Somalia, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya that were presented as limited humanitarian or counterterrorism missions but evolved into prolonged wars. The document also examines why the US continues these interventions, arguing it is largely due to fears of terrorist attacks on American soil and a view that perpetual warfare overseas prevents attacks at home. It notes rising anti-Western sentiment and terrorism as unintended consequences of US interventionism.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on modern world governments and conflict. It discusses various causes of war including nationalism, ethnicity, religion, culture and natural resources. It also examines cultural conflict as a "new Cold War" between the West and other civilizations. Specific examples of conflicts are analyzed like Chechnya, Iran's nuclear program, and the "kin-country syndrome" of civilizations rallying together during conflicts. The role of American military power and options like biological weapons are also mentioned.
The document discusses dismantling the culture of war through education for peace and non-violence. It describes the culture of war as being based on beliefs in power through force, having enemies, authoritarian governance, and male domination. In contrast, a culture of peace is based on education for peace, understanding and tolerance, democratic participation, free flow of information, disarmament, human rights, sustainable development, and equality between women and men. Dismantling the culture of war involves promoting these culture of peace principles through reforms in education, governance, media, development policies, and social values. Information and communication technologies can help by fostering intercultural understanding and sharing information to support peacebuilding efforts.
How history of International Relations affect our everyday livesMarvin Njau
The study of history of international relations affects our daily lives in several ways:
1) It helps us avoid repeating the mistakes of the past that led to wars and conflicts, such as poor relations between countries that contributed to World Wars 1 and 2.
2) It has made countries more conscious of maintaining peaceful relations with other nations and recognizing interdependence, leading to cooperation through bodies like the UN.
3) However, some issues like terrorism persist due to failures of international relations and poor response, as seen with the rise of groups like Al-Qaeda in response to issues in Iraq.
4) Examining history has moved the world towards greater humanitarianism, with the UN and other groups providing aid, and countries
Similar to Impact of Global Conflict on Our Children Lemuel Berry, Jr., Ph.D., Executive Director National Association of African American Studies & Affiliates (20)
The International Theatre Institute (ITI) Ghana Chapter endorses Ulysses from Ghana, a docufiction that identifies and highlights the works of creative artists in Ghana and provides a way to transmit messages of peace. This adaptation of Dr. Mohammed Ben Abdallah's play "The Slaves" explores themes of power and social injustice through the story of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. A collaboration between the South South Cooperation Council, Adeler Studios, and ITI Ghana produced Ulysses from Ghana with hopes to screen it at film festivals worldwide. ITI Ghana congratulates all who contributed to the success of this docufiction and looks forward to its Ghanaian premiere.
The document discusses a docu-fiction called "Ulysses in Ghana" created by the SSCC that promotes transcultural communication and dialogue between Africa and the diaspora by creating opportunities for mutual understanding or further discussion. This complements the objectives of the Pan African Heritage World Museum under construction in Ghana by adding to experiences of learning, unlearning, and relearning world history. The docu-fiction also facilitates further exchanges of expertise through the arts that could enhance socio-economic progress. The Executive Vice Chairman of PAHM congratulates SSCC for this dramatic and novel feat.
As the UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for Cultural Diplomacy, Hedva Ser joined the creative team that produced the docufiction "Ulysses from Ghana", which calls for peace and reconciliation following transatlantic slavery. Her own artistic work as a sculptor is dedicated to peace, represented by her "Tree of Peace" sculpture used by UNESCO. She is pleased this docufiction inspires further works examining modern expressions of slavery, racism, and building a just world where all people can live in harmony. Hedva Ser offers to continue associating with sequels in other countries to further such important messages.
SSCC is pleased to announce the start of its biggest and most ambitious project on Cultural Diplomacy. Twenty-one academic and other institutions have joined this programme which is led by SSCC and Academia Dimitri, SUPSI (The University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland), and shortly, also, by the University of Salento in Italy.
Sir Sam Jonah, Chairman of Jonah Capital, Nana Kwame Bediako, aka Cheddar, CEO of Wonder World
and Petronia Estates, both Patrons of the Pan African Heritage World, joined by Okyeame Kwame, the
Rap Doctor, will lead a large number of people on Wednesday 24th March to plant trees at Pomadze
Hills, near Winneba Junction, site for the Pan African Heritage Museum.
The Pan African Heritage World Museum, brainchild of Kojo Yankah, Founder of African University
College of Communications (AUCC), is being built to provide the environment for education, healing and
inspiration showcasing the history, culture and achievements of the Pan African world as presented by
Africans. Apart from the six-storey building housing the galleries and artifacts, there will be spaces for
a Herbal Plant Farm, a Palace of African Kingdoms, a Pan African Heroes Park, and a Festival Park. The
Project is governed by an International Board of Trustees, Academic Council and an Executive Council.
Registered in Ghana, USA and UK as an international NGO, the $30million Museum project is being
funded through Donations, Gifts and Grants.
Cartagena de Indias, DT y C., May 5, 2021. The Mayor of Cartagena, William Dau Chamat, expressed to the Republic of Ghana his deep admiration for making the project of the "PanAfrican World Heritage Museum or World Museum of Pan-African Heritage" a reality. ", whose construction begins this Wednesday, May 5.
SSCC has been a lead partner in this global exercise with numerous partners, including UNESCO and other members of the UN family, Senate, the House of Representatives and the Government of the Philippines under the guidance of its eminent member Cecile Alvarez. Cecile is UNESCO Artist for Peace, Director of Earthsavers UNESCO Dream Centre and President of the ITI Social Change Network.
The Manila event was originally scheduled for March 2020, but has been postponed to December 2021 due to covid 19. This webpage will contain regular updates on the Festival and Forum and a separate webpage is currently being created for the Manila event.
The document summarizes updates regarding the rescheduling of the Manila SDG Art Festival and Forum from September 2020 to March 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The event will now be called the "SDG ART FESTIVAL AND FORUM FOR PEACE AND CLIMATE JUSTICE: RESILIART AS A HEALER OF TRAUMAS CAUSED BY COVID." It also discusses cooperation with the Senate of the Philippines, plans for an Art Camp for ASEAN, forums and workshops on strengthening peace between countries, commemorating Heherson Alvarez, and youth initiatives related to the SDGs.
SECRETARIAT MEMBERS
Cecile Guidote Alvarez, Director, Earthsavers, UNESCO Dr. SunOck Lee, Secretary General, APPAN
Dr. Viktor Sebek, Chairman SSCC
Susan Claudio, Executive Assistant
Nelson Zamora, Director SSCC
Edgar Avilan, Executive Director SSCC
Regine Guevara, Co-founder, Asian Youth Peace Network Jul Rashid Dilangalen, Intern
Valerio Ferri, SSCc research Assistant
SECRETARIAT MEMBERS
Cecile Guidote Alvarez, Director, Earthsavers, UNESCO Dr. SunOck Lee, Secretary General, APPAN
Dr. Viktor Sebek, Chairman SSCC
Susan Claudio, Executive Assistant
Nelson Zamora, Director SSCC
Edgar Avilan, Executive Director SSCC
Regine Guevara, Co-founder, Asian Youth Peace Network Jul Rashid Dilangalen, Intern
Valerio Ferri, SSCc research Assistant
This newsletter provides updates on the Manila SDG Art Festival and Forum happening in May 2020. It discusses that [1] the director of the secretariat met with President Duterte of the Philippines, who expressed support for the event. [2] It congratulates Ela Gandhi, a board member, for receiving blessing from the Pope for her peace work. [3] It outlines additional support from the Senate and House of Representatives in the Philippines.
This newsletter issue provides updates on:
1) Mangala Wickramanayake joining a team from Sri Lanka for a meeting with the President of Pakistan.
2) Further messages of support received for the Manila Forum and Festival, including from the Chairman of the National Commission for Culture and Arts in the Philippines.
3) Dr. Sebek and Mr. Ferri accompanying Mrs. Alvarez to meetings with the senior staff of a Philippine Senator and the Department of Education in the Philippines to prepare for the Manila Forum and Festival in May.
SECRETARIAT MEMBERS
Cecile Guidote Alvarez, Director, Earthsavers, UNESCO Dr. SunOck Lee, Secretary General, APPAN
Dr. Viktor Sebek, Chairman SSCC
Susan Claudio, Executive Assistant
Nelson Zamora, Director SSCC
Edgar Avilan, Executive Director SSCC
Regine Guevara, Co-founder, Asian Youth Peace Network Jul Rashid Dilangalen, Intern
Valerio Ferri, SSCc research Assistant
En esta entrega: SSCC felicita calurosamente a su eminente miembro de la Junta, S.E. Ivonne Baki en su nombramiento como la nueva embajadora de Ecuador en los Estados Unidos este mes de febrero. Ivonne ha servido en las administraciones de cinco presidentes: Jamil Mahuad, Gustavo Noboa, Lucio Gutiérrez, Rafael Correa y Lenin Moreno. Hasta este mes, fue embajadora de Ecuador en Qatar. Mangala Wickramanayake acompaña a un equipo de Sri Lanka para una reunión con el presidente de Pakistán, S.E. Arif Alfi. Otros mensajes de apoyo para el Foro y Festival de Manila, entre otros.
In this Newsletter: Appointment of Ivonne Baki as the Ambassador to the United States. Mangala Wickramanayake joins a team from Sri Lanka for a meeting with the President of Pakistan H.E. Arif Alfi. Further messages of support for the Manila Forum and Festival, and more.
El Consejo de Cooperación Sur-Sur en el año 2018 co-organizó junto con la Cámara de Comercio de Cartagena (CCC) el III Foro de Jóvenes Protagonistas del Cambio en diferentes escenarios, dentro de los cuales el Teatro Adolfo Mejía (TAM) fue testigo del éxito de esta entrega social.
The common thread throughout these examples and the premise for this paper is the following. Slavery, Jim Crow, The Trail of Tears, the Holocaust, the internment of Japanese citizens during World War 11, and the current administrations desired prohibitions regarding Muslims, the fixation with a wall at the southern border, and now separating children from their families all stem from a tragic lack of belief in and respect for the humanity of “The Other.” When one group thinks itself better than another, tragedy happens. The fear of other races and ethnicities comingling feeds such thinking. Another theme is a very strong desire to retain what many believe is the one true culture, not to be mixed with language, religion, or traditions from other cultures. There is hope , though, and it comes from what for some may be a surprising source.
H.E. Ivonne Baki, was also invited to deliver a keynote speech by the Hope Spirit University of Kaslik, Lebanon on “Tackling Challenging Issues of Significance in International Politics Today” on 16th March. Mrs. Baki´s intervention was on the role of women in the process of peace, a topic on which also is one of the leaders on SSCC.
Your Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen,
I intend to address one issue only, and that is the perilous state of our planet due to threats to peace, compounded by climate change that wastes lives and causes disabilities and disease, and how UNESCO ideals and goals could help. We have always had wars, but in the past 70 years they were fairly simple ones. They were mostly proxy wars between the two major superpowers and as a rule they started when required, finished when required and didn’t spread around unless required.
More from Fundación Consejo de Cooperación Sur-Sur para el Desarrollo Sostenible - SSCC (20)
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
2. 2
16. Produce peace, justice and strong institutions.
The aforementioned are indeed hefty goals to achieve in the time period selected (2030).
A challenge to achieving the goals currently include, but are not limited to:
• Countries having different human value systems.
• Monarchs tending not to relinquish power on universal policies to their
countrymen.
• Economies often dictating and influencing change within a country.
• The poor and disenfranchised are often powerless and unable to bring sustainable
change to a culture.
The problems the world is faced with are quite clear. The resolve to change such is not.
A common threat to global conflicts is the ultimate impact these events have on our
children. One such impact is in the area of continuous human trafficking. The United States
defines trafficking as “sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force,
fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18-
years of age,” or “the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a
person for labor or services, using force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to
involuntary servitude, personage, debt bondage, or slavery."1
A Global Problem
According to a September 2017 report from the International Labor Organization
(ILO) and Walk Free Foundation:
• An estimated 24.9 million victims are trapped in modern-day slavery. Of these,
16 million (64%) were exploited for labor, 4.8 million (19%) were sexually
exploited, and 4.1 million (17%) were exploited in state-imposed forced labor.
• Forced labor takes place in many different industries. Of the 16 million
trafficking victims exploited for labor:
o 7.5 million (47%) forced labor victims work in construction, manufacturing,
mining, or hospitality
o 3.8 million (24%) forced labor victims are domestic workers
o 1.7 million (11%) forced labor victims work in agriculture
• 71% of trafficking victims around the world are women and girls and 29% are
men and boys.
• 15.4 million victims (75%) are aged 18 or older, with the number of children
under the age of 18 estimated at 5.5 million (25%).
• The Asia-Pacific region accounts for the largest number of forced laborers – 15.4
million (62% of the global total). Africa has 5.7 million (23%) followed by
Europe and Central Asia with 2.2 million (9%). The Americas account for 1.2
million (5%) and the Arab States account for 1% of all victims.
1 22 U.S.C.-7102(9).
3. 3
• Human trafficking does not always involve travel to the destination of
exploitation: 2.2 million (14%) of victims of forced labor moved either internally
or internationally, while 3.5 million (74%) of victims of sexual exploitation were
living outside their country of residence.
• Victims spend an average of 20 months in forced labor, although this varied with
different forms of forced labor.
Human Trafficking is Big Business
• Human trafficking earns profits of roughly $150 billion a year for traffickers,
according to the ILO report from 2014. The following is a breakdown of profits,
by sector:
o $99 billion from commercial sexual exploitation
o $34 billion in construction, manufacturing, mining and utilities
o $9 billion in agriculture, including forestry and fishing
o $8 billion dollars is saved annually by private households that employ
domestic workers under conditions of forced labor
• While only 19% of victims are trafficked for sex, sexual exploitation earns 66%
of the global profits of human trafficking. The average annual profits generated
by each woman in forced sexual servitude ($100,000) is estimated to be six
times more than the average profits generated by each trafficking victim
worldwide ($21,800), according to the Organization for Security and Co-
operation in Europe (OSCE).
• An estimated 120 million girls – about 1 in 10 have experienced sexual abuse.
• OSCE studies show that sexual exploitation can yield a return on investment
ranging from 100% to 1,000%, while an enslaved laborer can produce more
than 50% profit even in less profitable markets (e.g., agricultural labor in India).
• In the Netherlands, investigators were able to calculate the profit generated by
two sex traffickers from a number of victims. One trafficker earned $18,148 per
month from four victims (for a total of $127,036) while the second trafficker
earned $295,786 in the 14 months that three women were sexually exploited
according to the OSCE.
• While sexual exploitation generates profits, forced labor saves costs. In one case,
Chinese kitchen workers were paid $808 for a 78-hour work week in Germany.
According to German law, a cook was entitled to earn $2,558 for a 39-hour work
week.
The Number of Prosecutions of Human Trafficking is Alarmingly Low
• According to the 2017 State Department Trafficking I Persons (TIP) report, there
were only 14,894 prosecutions and 9,071 convictions for trafficking globally in
2016.
o 1,251 prosecutions, 1,119 convictions and the identification of 18,296
victims occurred in Africa
4. 4
o 2,137 prosecutions, 1,953 convictions and the identification of 9,989 victims
occurred in East Asia & the Pacific
o 2,703 prosecutions, 1,673 convictions and the identification of 11,416
victims occurred in Europe
o 2,996 prosecutions, 1,187 convictions and the identification of 3,292 victims
occurred in the Near East
o 6,297 prosecutions, 2,193 convictions and the identification of 14,706
victims occurred in South and Central Asia
o 1,513 prosecutions, 946 convictions and the identification of 8,821 victims
occurred in the Western Hemisphere
• Of the estimated 16 million forced labor victims worldwide, only 1,038 cases of
forced labor were prosecuted globally in 2016, according to the U.S. Department
of State.
• In 2016, the Department of Justice convicted a total of 439 human traffickers, up
from 297 in 2015 and 184 in 2014.
Trafficking of children has been a world-wide problem for decades. On average, 1.2
million children are trafficked annually. These unfortunate children are taken from family
and friends through a number of practices (kidnap, promise of a job, war, famine, etc.). Only
a very small percentage will ever be reunited with family. As an outcome, these children
will experience poor health, unbearable living conditions, brutality, sexual exploitation,
pregnancy, non-communicable disease, neglect, lack of nutrition, emotional/psychological
issues and violence, etc.
Data that reflects the number of children trafficked is at times incomplete due to
poorly kept records, failure to report on an annual basis, governments failure to mandate
reporting, and governments actually engaged in the business of child trafficking for
economic purposes. However, the following data represents current documented numbers.
Child Trafficking by Continent
• Asia/Pacific: 250,000 children
• Latin America and the Caribbean: 550,000 children
• Africa: 200,000 children
• Transition Economies: 200,000 children
Trafficking: Children vs. Adults
Continent Children Adults
Africa and Middle East 62% 38%
Americas 31% 69%
South Asia, East Asia & Pacific 36% 69%
Europe and Central Asia 18% 82%
A clear observation from available data recognizes that industrial countries have the
lowest percentage of child trafficking.
6. 6
The World Health Organization and ten international agencies developed a program
called INSPIRE.2 The program has seven strategies:
1. Implementation and enforcement of laws,
2. Norms and values change,
3. Safe environments,
4. Parental and caregiver support,
5. Income and economic strengthening,
6. Response services provision, and
7. Education of life skills.
The WHO anticipates that adhering to these preventive measures will reduce violence
against children.
U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) is very comprehensive and
addresses the child’s rights during military conflict and in peace. Optional protocols to the
CRC on sex trafficking and armed conflict addresses the state of child prostitution and child
pornography. The protocol also addresses forced labor, marriage, adoption, organ trade
and participation in military conflict.
The European Union (EU) and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
launched Global Action to prevent the trafficking of persons and smuggling of migrants.
Tariff Act of 1930 (US) was amended in 2016 to close the consumptive demands,
effectively barring all products made by convict, forced or indentured labor.
International Labor Organization (ILO) Worst Forms of Child Labor convention
requires ratifying countries to take immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst
forms of child labor, which include various forms of slavery, morales of children,
commercial sexual exploitation of children, health and safety.
Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA – 2000) is the first federal law to respond
to sex trafficking and labor trafficking in the United States.
Proposed Prevention Policies
Reduction in Foreign Aid
The following recommendations will contribute to the reduction in child trafficking
if implemented by governments.
• A reduction of U.S. aid to governments with Tier 2 or 3 rankings should be
implemented until such time as significant strides are documented to reduce
child trafficking. All of the countries listed are heavily involved in trafficking and
as such, should experience a reduction in aid from the United States.
2 Hillis, S., Mercy, S., Amobi, A., Global Prevalence of Past Year Violence Against Children: A Systematic
Review and Minimum Estimates. American Academy of Pediatrics 2016; 137(3) e20154079.
7. 7
Foreign Aid Recipients
Country Amount of Aid Tier Ranking
Afghanistan $650,000,000 2
Jordan $635,000,000 2
Kenya $632,000,000 2
Tanzania $534,000,000 2
Uganda $428,525,000 2
Zambia $428,525,000 2
Nigeria $413,300,000 2
• International Corporate Legislation on freezing and recovery of assets of
international corporations involved in child trafficking should be a practice.
• Homeland Security (US) must strongly enforce the Mann Act of 1910, The
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, the Civil Asset
Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 and Protect Act of 2003.
• U.S. Corporation Legislation Penalties should be imposed on corporations and
businesses found to be out of compliance of the law. The penalties are often not
as stiff as needed. A review of penalties and their enforcement should be visited
periodically.
• War Crimes Against Humanity should be charged to all foreign leaders who have
not taken appropriate steps to eradicate all forms of trafficking and, as such,
should be tried before a war criminals court.
• Crisis border investigations on children entering a country should be the norm.
• A strict liaison policy between social services cross borders should be enforced.
• Specialized training for professionals who work with children must include up-
to-date information on legislation, safe guards and child protection
issues/practices globally, working with children seeking asylum and, the impact
of migration and displacement of children.
In conclusion, providing awareness of the child trafficking problem across borders,
within communities, among health agencies, labor organizations, military, global business
and governments will further reduce the level of child trafficking. Placing appropriate
pressure on countries not responding to TIP, continuous engagement and open discussion
is also invaluable in the eradication of child trafficking. Human (child) trafficking is a global
problem, and as such, requires a global response.