IMMUNE SYSTEM-1 (1).pptx
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The document summarizes the human immune system. It has three lines of defense: first is physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucus membranes; second includes inflammatory responses, phagocytes, interferons, and natural killer cells that fight pathogens; third is specific responses by B and T lymphocytes that target specific pathogens and remember them to mount faster responses. The immune system protects the body through these multilayered defenses.
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Immunity is the capability of organisms to resist harmful microorganisms. It involves both specific and nonspecific components. The document discusses three lines of defense in the immune system: physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes; defensive cells and proteins, inflammation, and fever; and the immune system. The first line of defense consists of physical and chemical barriers that prevent foreign agents from penetrating the body without targeting any specific pathogen. These barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, sweat, mucous, saliva, tears, and ear wax.
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The document provides an overview of the immune system and its components. It discusses:
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2) The main components of the immune system including specific immune cells, lymphatic organs, and diffuse lymphatic tissue.
3) How the immune system has three lines of defense - blocking entry of pathogens, fighting local infections, and combating major infections through nonspecific and specific response systems.
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First line of defense ( barrier mechanisms)
Immunity is the capability of organisms to resist harmful microorganisms. It involves both specific and nonspecific components. The document discusses three lines of defense in the immune system: physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes; defensive cells and proteins, inflammation, and fever; and the immune system. The first line of defense consists of physical and chemical barriers that prevent foreign agents from penetrating the body without targeting any specific pathogen. These barriers include the skin, mucous membranes, sweat, mucous, saliva, tears, and ear wax.
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The document provides an overview of the immune system and its components. It discusses:
1) The basic functions of the immune system in distinguishing self from non-self and protecting against disease, foreign substances, and abnormal cells.
2) The main components of the immune system including specific immune cells, lymphatic organs, and diffuse lymphatic tissue.
3) How the immune system has three lines of defense - blocking entry of pathogens, fighting local infections, and combating major infections through nonspecific and specific response systems.
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The document summarizes the three lines of defense of the human immune system:
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2) Nonspecific resistance involving phagocytic cells that ingest and destroy microbes.
3) Specific resistance where antigens activate T cells and B cells to produce antibodies against specific pathogens, utilizing both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. Memory cells provide lasting protection against future attacks.
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The document outlines the body's defense mechanisms against microbial infections. It discusses three lines of defense:
1) Physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucous membranes that form the first line of defense.
2) Cells and proteins that form the second line of defense, including phagocytes, complement system, inflammation and fever.
3) The immune system which forms the third line of defense and has both innate/nonspecific and adaptive/specific components like humoral and cell-mediated immunity that provide long-lasting protection against pathogens.
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1. Pathogens must gain access to the body, attach to and enter host cells, and reproduce to cause disease while evading the immune system.
2. The innate immune system is made up of physical and chemical barriers that provide nonspecific defenses against pathogens, including the skin, mucous membranes, and antimicrobial chemicals.
3. The adaptive immune system provides specific defenses through lymphocytes and antibodies that recognize and remember distinct pathogens. B cells produce antibodies while T cells help activate other immune responses.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system. It describes the immune system as the body's defense against disease-causing organisms and foreign particles. The immune system includes both innate and adaptive defenses. The innate system provides non-specific protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and stomach acid. It also includes cells that recognize and eliminate pathogens. The adaptive system has specialized cells like T and B cells that provide targeted defenses through cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. The document outlines the roles of these different immune components.
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathoge.pdf
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms
such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi.
First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside
,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow.
Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to
your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose
,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop
pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed
immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed.
cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine
flow help to flush out pathogens from the bladder.stomach acid is present in stomach and helps
to kill pathogens.this is the fine defence.
Second line of defence system :- once pathogen cross your first line of defence second line of
defence active for example ,through the cut pathogen enter into body and develope infection then
second line defence active .Through a sequence of steps called immune response ,the immune
system attacks these pathogens.
In the second line of deffence system is a group of cells ,tissues,organs work together to protect
the body .This is called immune system.
The cells involved in the immune system called white blood cells is helps to destoys the desease
causing organisms.there are different types of white blood cells but function is same that protect
you from the organisms.
They are neutrophiles,T-helper cells,Cytotoxic cells,marcophases,B-cells.
These cells work together and kill the micro organism.
Tissues and Organs :- This are involved in the immune system are the lymphatic system ,lymph
nodes and lymp fluid.This are having specific function.
Lymphatic system is a system of thin tube present through out the body .These tubes are called
lymph vessels.they contain lymph.
Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells. lymph helps to protect body form micro
organisms.
This is a second line of defence system.
Solution
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms
such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi.
First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside
,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow.
Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to
your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose
,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop
pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed
immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed.
cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine
flow help to flush out.
Imunology innate immunity.pptx
The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as chemical barriers containing antimicrobial peptides and proteins. These barriers prevent pathogen entry, but some pathogens can breach them. The innate system then mounts cellular responses through phagocytosis and inflammation. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins secreted by epithelial barriers also help kill pathogens. Together, these nonspecific defenses provide rapid initial protection against infection.
Immunity
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It explains that immunity is the body's ability to fight off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. It describes the different lines of defense - the innate immune system which uses physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the adaptive immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages and lymphocytes that produce antibodies and remember each pathogen. It provides details on antigens, antibodies, active and passive immunity.
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The document describes the human immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It discusses both nonspecific defenses like physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin, mucus, stomach acids, and inflammatory response, as well as specific defenses like the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses involving B cells, T cells, memory cells, and vaccines.
Immune system
The document summarizes the three lines of defense that make up the immune system. The first line of defense is physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucus membranes. The second line of defense is the innate immune response, which includes inflammation, fever, proteins, and white blood cells. The third and acquired line of defense is the adaptive immune response involving T cells, B cells, antibodies, and immunological memory that provides pathogen-specific protection.
Immune system
AT THE END OF THIS SESSION, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
a. Define immunity and contrast the difference between its 2 types (innate & acquired).
b. Describe some mechanisms for innate immunity (interferon’s & complement should be included).
c. Describe briefly the mechanism of acquired immunity and identify the major differences between its two types (humoral & cell-mediated).
d. Relate the knowledge acquired to some clinical problems (e.g., AIDS)
The immune system final
The immune system has multiple layers of defense to protect the body from pathogens. The skin and mucous membranes form the first line of defense as physical and chemical barriers. If pathogens breach these barriers, the immune system mounts an internal response including phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages to ingest and destroy pathogens. The immune system also develops targeted defenses against specific pathogens through antibodies and memory lymphocytes that mount faster secondary responses upon reexposure. Together, these nonspecific and specific defenses provide robust protection for the body.
Chp.16
The immune system consists of nonspecific innate immunity and specific acquired immunity. Nonspecific immunity acts as the first line of defense through physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and chemical factors like stomach acid and lysozyme. When barriers are breached, inflammation occurs, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and leads to tissue repair. The second line of defense includes phagocytes that ingest pathogens, the complement system that opsonizes pathogens, and interferons that interfere with viral replication.
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Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against foreign bodies like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Innate immunity provides immediate protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as white blood cells that phagocytose pathogens. The complement system and interferons are also part of innate immunity. When barriers are breached, inflammation occurs, attracting more immune cells to the site of infection to destroy pathogens and repair tissue damage.
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The document discusses innate immunity and the components that make up the innate immune system. It describes the innate immune system as the first line of defense against pathogens and antigens. The innate immune system acts immediately and provides non-specific protection. It consists of physical, chemical, and biological barriers that pathogens encounter. If pathogens breach these barriers, the cellular components of the innate immune system engage, including phagocytic cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. The innate immune system provides a rapid but non-specific response to protect the body from infection.
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Functional organization of the Immune System
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The document describes the human immune system and how it protects the body from pathogens like viruses and bacteria. It discusses both the innate immune response, which provides immediate protection through physical barriers and internal defenses like phagocytes, and the acquired immune response, which adapts over time to improve recognition and response. The acquired response results in immunological memory that allows faster responses upon reexposure to a pathogen. Key components of the immune system include white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, and the development of active immunity through vaccination or prior exposure.
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The document summarizes the immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens. It describes three lines of defense: 1) physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, 2) innate immune responses involving phagocytes, complement proteins, and natural killer cells, and 3) acquired immune responses involving B and T cells that produce antibodies for long-term pathogen recognition. The immune system has both passive defenses that prevent pathogen entry and active defenses that destroy pathogens inside the body through phagocytosis, antibody production, and generation of immunological memory.
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The document outlines the body's defense mechanisms against microbial infections. It discusses three lines of defense:
1) Physical and chemical barriers like skin and mucous membranes that form the first line of defense.
2) Cells and proteins that form the second line of defense, including phagocytes, complement system, inflammation and fever.
3) The immune system which forms the third line of defense and has both innate/nonspecific and adaptive/specific components like humoral and cell-mediated immunity that provide long-lasting protection against pathogens.
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1. Pathogens must gain access to the body, attach to and enter host cells, and reproduce to cause disease while evading the immune system.
2. The innate immune system is made up of physical and chemical barriers that provide nonspecific defenses against pathogens, including the skin, mucous membranes, and antimicrobial chemicals.
3. The adaptive immune system provides specific defenses through lymphocytes and antibodies that recognize and remember distinct pathogens. B cells produce antibodies while T cells help activate other immune responses.
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The document provides an overview of immunology and defines key terms. It discusses the categories of the immune system as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is non-specific and acts rapidly through physical and chemical barriers, as well as phagocytes. Adaptive immunity is specific and works more slowly through antibodies produced by B cells and cellular responses mediated by T cells. It also describes the basis of effector molecules and development of both the humoral and cell-mediated responses in adaptive immunity.
Immune system INTRODUCTION
The document summarizes key aspects of the human immune system. It describes the immune system as the body's defense against disease-causing organisms and foreign particles. The immune system includes both innate and adaptive defenses. The innate system provides non-specific protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and stomach acid. It also includes cells that recognize and eliminate pathogens. The adaptive system has specialized cells like T and B cells that provide targeted defenses through cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity. The document outlines the roles of these different immune components.
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathoge.pdf
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms
such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi.
First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside
,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow.
Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to
your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose
,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop
pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed
immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed.
cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine
flow help to flush out pathogens from the bladder.stomach acid is present in stomach and helps
to kill pathogens.this is the fine defence.
Second line of defence system :- once pathogen cross your first line of defence second line of
defence active for example ,through the cut pathogen enter into body and develope infection then
second line defence active .Through a sequence of steps called immune response ,the immune
system attacks these pathogens.
In the second line of deffence system is a group of cells ,tissues,organs work together to protect
the body .This is called immune system.
The cells involved in the immune system called white blood cells is helps to destoys the desease
causing organisms.there are different types of white blood cells but function is same that protect
you from the organisms.
They are neutrophiles,T-helper cells,Cytotoxic cells,marcophases,B-cells.
These cells work together and kill the micro organism.
Tissues and Organs :- This are involved in the immune system are the lymphatic system ,lymph
nodes and lymp fluid.This are having specific function.
Lymphatic system is a system of thin tube present through out the body .These tubes are called
lymph vessels.they contain lymph.
Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells. lymph helps to protect body form micro
organisms.
This is a second line of defence system.
Solution
Our body is having two line defence system against pathogens.Pathogens are micro-organisms
such like virus,bactria,parasite,fungi.
First line of defence system:- It is a outside defence system which protect body from the outside
,it includes skin ,tear,mucus,cilia,stomach acid,urine flow.
Skin acts as a barrier between pathogens and your body. it stops all microarganisms to enter in to
your body unless your skin get brokken.The pathogens can get enter through your nose
,eye,mouth, but through that if pathogen passes .Nose ,eye,mouth contains mucus,tear .they stop
pathogen and break down their cell wall because they contain enzyme.those that are not killed
immediately are trapped in mucus swallowed.
cilia is present in our windpipe.it helps to move mucus and traped pathogens from lungs.Urine
flow help to flush out.
Imunology innate immunity.pptx
The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as chemical barriers containing antimicrobial peptides and proteins. These barriers prevent pathogen entry, but some pathogens can breach them. The innate system then mounts cellular responses through phagocytosis and inflammation. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins secreted by epithelial barriers also help kill pathogens. Together, these nonspecific defenses provide rapid initial protection against infection.
Immunity
The document discusses immunity and the immune system. It explains that immunity is the body's ability to fight off pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa. The immune system produces antibodies and cells that can deactivate pathogens. It describes the different lines of defense - the innate immune system which uses physical and chemical barriers, the inflammatory response, and the adaptive immune system including B cells, T cells, macrophages and lymphocytes that produce antibodies and remember each pathogen. It provides details on antigens, antibodies, active and passive immunity.
Unit 5 Immune System
The document describes the human immune system and its defenses against pathogens. It discusses both nonspecific defenses like physical and chemical barriers provided by the skin, mucus, stomach acids, and inflammatory response, as well as specific defenses like the antibody-mediated and cell-mediated responses involving B cells, T cells, memory cells, and vaccines.
Immune system
The document summarizes the three lines of defense that make up the immune system. The first line of defense is physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucus membranes. The second line of defense is the innate immune response, which includes inflammation, fever, proteins, and white blood cells. The third and acquired line of defense is the adaptive immune response involving T cells, B cells, antibodies, and immunological memory that provides pathogen-specific protection.
Immune system
AT THE END OF THIS SESSION, STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
a. Define immunity and contrast the difference between its 2 types (innate & acquired).
b. Describe some mechanisms for innate immunity (interferon’s & complement should be included).
c. Describe briefly the mechanism of acquired immunity and identify the major differences between its two types (humoral & cell-mediated).
d. Relate the knowledge acquired to some clinical problems (e.g., AIDS)
The immune system final
The immune system has multiple layers of defense to protect the body from pathogens. The skin and mucous membranes form the first line of defense as physical and chemical barriers. If pathogens breach these barriers, the immune system mounts an internal response including phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages to ingest and destroy pathogens. The immune system also develops targeted defenses against specific pathogens through antibodies and memory lymphocytes that mount faster secondary responses upon reexposure. Together, these nonspecific and specific defenses provide robust protection for the body.
Chp.16
The immune system consists of nonspecific innate immunity and specific acquired immunity. Nonspecific immunity acts as the first line of defense through physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and chemical factors like stomach acid and lysozyme. When barriers are breached, inflammation occurs, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and leads to tissue repair. The second line of defense includes phagocytes that ingest pathogens, the complement system that opsonizes pathogens, and interferons that interfere with viral replication.
Blood Physiology: Part III: Immune system
The document summarizes the immune system and its components. It discusses the two types of immunity - innate and acquired. Innate immunity is inborn and provides broad protection but no memory. Acquired immunity develops over time, has memory, and involves antibodies from B cells and cytotoxic T cells. It also discusses hypersensitivity or allergies, which occur when the immune system inappropriately responds to antigens. Allergies can be immediate from antibodies or delayed from T cells and cause inflammation and tissue damage.
AGB 453 DEFENSE MECHANISMS IN ANIMALS.pdf
This document is a presentation by my professor on defense mechanism in animals
Immune Magic - Way to boost immune system
Immune system is our defense mechanism which provides protection against various infections and ailments. Low immunity is the root cause for all the problems so Planet Ayurveda presents a fabulous herbal formulation for enhancing immunity power.
INNATE IMMUNITY
Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against foreign bodies like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Innate immunity provides immediate protection through physical and chemical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as white blood cells that phagocytose pathogens. The complement system and interferons are also part of innate immunity. When barriers are breached, inflammation occurs, attracting more immune cells to the site of infection to destroy pathogens and repair tissue damage.
innate immunity.pptx
The document discusses innate immunity and the components that make up the innate immune system. It describes the innate immune system as the first line of defense against pathogens and antigens. The innate immune system acts immediately and provides non-specific protection. It consists of physical, chemical, and biological barriers that pathogens encounter. If pathogens breach these barriers, the cellular components of the innate immune system engage, including phagocytic cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. The innate immune system provides a rapid but non-specific response to protect the body from infection.
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Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptx
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
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What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
IMMUNE SYSTEM-1 (1).pptx
- 2. IMMUNE SYSTEM The immune system is a biological structure within an organism that act as protection against diseases. Most vertebrates have a general protective mechanism within their body that protects them against pathogens (disease causing) or infectious such as bacteria, viruses, some fungi, and other parasites. The human immune system is the most complex. The human body has three cooperating lines that defense that the new threats as quickly as possible.
- 3. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE The human body has important parts that support the immune system that are not actually part of the system There are a combination of physical and chemical barriers that prevent all types of foreign agents from penetrating the outer layer of the body. No specific foreign agent is targeted at this level.
- 4. First line of defense: Physical Barriers Skin Cells filled with keratin, making skin impenetrable, waterproof, and resistant to disruptive and most invaders Dead cells are shed and replaced (1 million every 40mins), taking microbes with them Mucous Membranes The inner surfaces of the body are guarded by mucous membranes that line the respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems and protect the internal lining. Hair in the nose act as a coarse filter
- 5. First line of defense cont. • The airborne pathogens are prevented to go further the respiratory system as they are trapped by the mucus. • These organs are lined with small hair like projective called cilia which sweep out mucus with its trapped dirt and bacteria. • Most invaders do not survive the stomach acid which is strong enough to kill them. • Dead pathogens ate then eliminated from the body.
- 6. The first line of defense: Chemical Barriers Sweat produced by glands in the skin wash away microbes in their acidity slows bacterial growth. Mucous membranes produce sticky mucous that traps many microbes Saliva and tears contain an enzyme called lysozyme that kills bacteria by rupturing their cell walls Cerumen (ear wax)- produced in the ear canal and protects the canal by trapping dirt and dust particles
- 7. Second line of Defense Microbes that can able get into the body encounter the second line of defense. This limits the spread of the invaders in advance of the specific immune responses The second line of defense includes the inflammatory responses, phagocytes, interferons, and natural killer(NK) cells.
- 8. The second line of defense: Defensive Proteins COMPLEMENT SYSTEM Destruction of pathogens (Cell lysis) Enhancement of phagocytosis (Opsonization) Stimulation of inflammation Chemotaxis –attracting macrophages and neutrophils
- 9. The Second Line of defense: Inflammation Chemokines- secretes by blood vessel endothelium and monocytes also attract phagocytes to the area. Pyroxenes- released by certain leukocytes, increase the body temperature to speed up the immune response and prevent the microbes to functions normally. Histamine -is secreted by basophils (a type of white blood cell)and of in mast cells triggers the inflammation. This inflammation is caused by the vasodilation (enlargement of the blood vessels) that increases the blood supply bringing more phagocytes in the area of infection.
- 10. Second line of defense Two types of phagocytes Neutrophils – engulf microbes and kill them within a few days Monocytes on the other hand, transform into macrophanes, “giant eaters” Inflammation and phagocytes The body has other second line of defense called interferons. Interferons are signalingproteins produces by body cells when they attacked by microbes, especially viruses. The invaded cell will produce interferon to signal the other cells causing them
- 11. “ ” Third line of defense o Both first and second line of defense are nonspecific responses, meaning they respond to all kind of infections- they do not target a specific. o Third lines of defense is specific and relies on B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, which come from the bone marrow.
- 12. Second line of defense: B lymphocytes Mature in the bone marrow and fight disease in humoral immunity Activated B lymphocytes secrete 2000 antibodies per second over the cell’s lifespan (4 to 5 days T lymphocytes Mature in the thymus and fight the pathogens by the cell- mediated There are two types of T lymphocytes: the cytotoxic and helper T cells Cytotoxic T(Tc) cells which kill infected cells with pathogens and cancer cells Helper (Th) T cells they announce to the immune system, with the aid of the macrophages and some B cells They release cytokines that stimulate the Tc cells, B lymphocytes, and other helper cells.