Immune system
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The document discusses the two main types of immunity in the human body: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is non-specific and provides the first line of defense through mechanisms like mucous membranes, skin, stomach acid, and white blood cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Adaptive immunity is specific and provides the second line of defense through humoral response mediated by B lymphocytes and antibodies or cell-mediated response mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages.
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02 Vaccination
Active immunity is gained when an antigen enters the body during an infection or through vaccination. Passive immunity is gained without an immune response, either artificially from antibodies in another person's blood or naturally from mother to child. Vaccines work by introducing antigens to provoke an immune response and prepare the body to fight future infection, though there are challenges like poor response in some individuals, antigenic variation in viruses, and antigens not being readily recognized.
Immunology viii malt
The document discusses the mucosal immune system (MALT), which includes gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), bronchi associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), and lymphoid tissues in other mucous membranes. MALT contains diffuse lymphocytes and other immune cells that respond to antigenic stimulation across different compartments. IgA is the predominant antibody secreted in mucosal tissues. Oral administration of antigens often leads to immune tolerance. Intraepithelial lymphocytes are mainly CD8+ with restricted antigen specificity and are a first line of defense.
Diagnosis and treatment of gi malt lymphoma
Immunohistochemistry of MALToma, H. pylori identification and eradication
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Lymphocytes
This document summarizes the development and functions of T and B lymphocytes. It discusses how they develop from stem cells in the bone marrow or thymus, and how T cells undergo selection processes in the thymus. It describes the roles of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and B cells, and how B cells differentiate and produce antibodies. The document also provides a brief overview of HIV/AIDS, including the virus structure and life cycle.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a process by which immune cells called phagocytes internalize pathogens. The key steps are: (1) opsonization and attachment of pathogens to phagocyte receptors, (2) engulfment of the pathogen into a vesicle called a phagosome, (3) fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome, and (4) killing and digestion of the pathogen within the phagolysosome. Professional phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils are specialized for phagocytosis and use mechanisms both dependent on reactive oxygen species and independent of oxygen to kill internalized pathogens. Phagocytosis helps initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses by clearing infection and presenting antigens.
B cell(Immunology)
B cells are lymphocytes that play a key role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies. B cell development occurs in the bone marrow, progressing from pro-B cells to immature B cells that express IgM, and then to mature B cells that express IgM and IgD. Activation of B cells leads to proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Defects in B cell development or function can cause immunodeficiencies characterized by poor antibody production and recurrent bacterial infections. Some examples of B cell immunodeficiencies include X-linked agammaglobulinemia caused by mutations in BTK, IgA deficiency, and common variable immunodeficiency.
Functions of T Lymphocytes
A presentation about the various Functions of T Lymphocytes, and the Clinical problems that arise when their balance is disturbed.
Recommended
02 Vaccination
Active immunity is gained when an antigen enters the body during an infection or through vaccination. Passive immunity is gained without an immune response, either artificially from antibodies in another person's blood or naturally from mother to child. Vaccines work by introducing antigens to provoke an immune response and prepare the body to fight future infection, though there are challenges like poor response in some individuals, antigenic variation in viruses, and antigens not being readily recognized.
Immunology viii malt
The document discusses the mucosal immune system (MALT), which includes gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), bronchi associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), and lymphoid tissues in other mucous membranes. MALT contains diffuse lymphocytes and other immune cells that respond to antigenic stimulation across different compartments. IgA is the predominant antibody secreted in mucosal tissues. Oral administration of antigens often leads to immune tolerance. Intraepithelial lymphocytes are mainly CD8+ with restricted antigen specificity and are a first line of defense.
Diagnosis and treatment of gi malt lymphoma
Immunohistochemistry of MALToma, H. pylori identification and eradication
Department of histopathology Medanta The Medicity Gurgaon India
Lymphocytes
This document summarizes the development and functions of T and B lymphocytes. It discusses how they develop from stem cells in the bone marrow or thymus, and how T cells undergo selection processes in the thymus. It describes the roles of cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and B cells, and how B cells differentiate and produce antibodies. The document also provides a brief overview of HIV/AIDS, including the virus structure and life cycle.
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is a process by which immune cells called phagocytes internalize pathogens. The key steps are: (1) opsonization and attachment of pathogens to phagocyte receptors, (2) engulfment of the pathogen into a vesicle called a phagosome, (3) fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes to form a phagolysosome, and (4) killing and digestion of the pathogen within the phagolysosome. Professional phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils are specialized for phagocytosis and use mechanisms both dependent on reactive oxygen species and independent of oxygen to kill internalized pathogens. Phagocytosis helps initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses by clearing infection and presenting antigens.
B cell(Immunology)
B cells are lymphocytes that play a key role in humoral immunity by producing antibodies. B cell development occurs in the bone marrow, progressing from pro-B cells to immature B cells that express IgM, and then to mature B cells that express IgM and IgD. Activation of B cells leads to proliferation and differentiation into plasma cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Defects in B cell development or function can cause immunodeficiencies characterized by poor antibody production and recurrent bacterial infections. Some examples of B cell immunodeficiencies include X-linked agammaglobulinemia caused by mutations in BTK, IgA deficiency, and common variable immunodeficiency.
Functions of T Lymphocytes
A presentation about the various Functions of T Lymphocytes, and the Clinical problems that arise when their balance is disturbed.
Primary immunodeficiency
This document discusses primary immunodeficiencies, which are a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by impaired immune response. It defines several types of primary immunodeficiencies including SCID, XLA, DiGeorge syndrome, Ataxia-teleangectesia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and CGD. For each, it describes the genetic cause, characteristic infections, clinical features, and available therapies. The document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiencies for educational purposes.
M H C
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules present antigen fragments to antigen-sensitive cells like T cells. There are three main classes of MHC molecules - Class I presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II presents exogenous antigens to helper T cells, and Class III encodes complement proteins and cytokines. MHC molecules play a key role in the immune system by regulating antigen presentation and immune responses.
Lymphoid organs ppt
The document discusses the lymphoid organs of the immune system. It describes the bone marrow and thymus as the primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes develop and mature. The bone marrow is the site of generation for all blood cells including B lymphocytes, and is where B cell maturation occurs. The thymus is the site of T cell maturation and selection. Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, which harbor mature lymphocytes.
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
This document discusses a case presentation of a 2-year-old boy named D. George who has been brought in by his parents due to concerns about recurrent infections. The boy has a history of frequent upper respiratory infections and ear infections, and has been hospitalized twice for infections. The document provides background on primary immunodeficiency diseases and different aspects of the immune system to help evaluate the child's condition and determine if he has an immunodeficiency.
Cardiovascular assessment
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
Cardiovascular examination
This document outlines the steps for performing a cardiovascular examination, including inspection, palpation of pulses, auscultation of heart sounds, and assessment for common cardiovascular problems. The exam involves checking general appearance, eyes, face, precordium, and ankles. Key pulses, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds, murmurs and extra sounds are auscultated systematically. Common presenting complaints like chest pain, breathlessness, palpitations, and syncope are discussed.
Basic Immunology
The document provides an overview of basic immunology concepts. It discusses the innate and adaptive immune systems, including their components and functions. The innate system provides non-specific defenses like physical barriers and phagocytes. The adaptive system has specialized immune cells and antibodies that provide specific and memory-based defenses against pathogens. Key cells discussed include T cells, B cells, antigen-presenting cells, and their roles in the immune response.
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Immune system
The immune system protects the body from infection through two main branches: the innate immune system provides broad and immediate defense against pathogens, while the adaptive immune system provides highly specific immune responses and immunological memory. The adaptive immune system includes lymphocytes that recognize and respond to specific antigens through humoral immunity using antibodies or cell-mediated immunity using T-cells. Memory lymphocytes generated during an immune response enable faster and stronger protection upon reexposure to the same pathogen. Disorders can arise if the immune system is compromised, overactive, or attacks the body's own tissues.
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1. Immature granulocytes (IGs) are white blood cells in early stages of development that can indicate the presence of bacterial infection.
2. Manual microscopic examination and hematology analyzers can detect and quantify IGs to calculate ratios like the IT ratio that correlate with infection and sepsis.
3. Studies have found IG counts and IT ratios above certain levels to be predictive of infection and sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity, and can serve as early indicators even when blood cultures are negative.
Immune system
Immunity are divided into nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Examples of nonspecific immunity are skin, mucous membrane, and sebum. Specific immunity recognizes and respond to specific foreign substance. Specific immunity are divided into humoral response and cell-mediated response. Humoral response involves the production of antibodies while cell mediated immunity involve the cytotoxic T cells.
Overview of the Immune System for Medics
This is a presentation containing all notes for exams on the topic on immunology. It is mainly useful for Cambridge Medical students but some summaries may also be helpful for others!
Immuno-Oncology: A Colloquium on the State of the Science for Oncology Clinic...
Immuno-Oncology: A Colloquium on the State of the Science for Oncology Clinic...Institute For Medical Education and Research (IMER)
More information about this activity can be found here: http://bit.ly/ST0uRp
Chairperson
Jedd D. Wolchok, MD, PhD
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Faculty
Antoni Ribas, MD, PhD
University of California, Los Angeles
Mary L. Disis, MD
University of Washington School of Medicine
Charles G. Drake, MD, PhD
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
John Powderly II, MD, CPI
Carolina BioOncology Institute, PLLC
Cancer Therapy & Research Center
Activity Overview
Advances in basic immunology have led to an improved understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumors, generating renewed interest in novel immunologic approaches to the treatment of cancer. Indeed, there have been multiple FDA approvals of immunologic agents in recent years and there are many ongoing trials of novel immunotherapies in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and other tumor types.
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Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be better able to:
• Describe the biological foundations of immunotherapy approaches to the
treatment of cancer
• Identify the mechanisms of action of immuno-oncologic agents such as
vaccines and immune system-modulating antibodies
• Evaluate new safety and efficacy data on recently approved and emerging
immunotherapies across tumor types
• Describe how new immunotherapies are integrated into existing treatment
evidence-based guidelines
• Identify ongoing research efforts in immuno-oncology including how to
appropriately select patients who would be candidates for clinical trials
More information about this activity can be found here: http://bit.ly/ST0uRpLecture 2 animal cell culture
This document discusses animal cell culture and its applications. It provides information on:
1) The uses of animal cell culture including production of recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and cell biology studies.
2) Characteristics of animal cell culture compared to microorganism culture, including lower growth rates and productivity.
3) Products that can be produced from mammalian cell cultures including cells, cell-derived products, and recombinant glycoproteins.
4) Types of animal cells commonly used in culture including epithelial, fibroblast, muscle, and blood/lymph cells.
Immune system 6-3 and 11-1
The document discusses the immune system, including its ability to recognize foreign substances, produce an appropriate response through nonspecific and specific defenses, and maintain tolerance of self cells. The immune response involves white blood cells, antibodies, inflammation, and memory cells that provide a faster response upon repeat exposure. The summary also outlines how HIV attacks lymphocytes and progresses to AIDS by destroying the immune system's ability to fight infection.
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The document discusses inflammation in sports. It describes acute inflammation as characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain, resulting in loss of function. It occurs as the body's response to injury or infection, involving the immune system cells like monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, NK lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes that work to remove injurious stimuli and initiate healing.
Introduction to immunology
Dr. Alok Tripathi studies immunology at the Department of Biotechnology. The document discusses the history and key concepts of immunology, including:
1. The dual immune system of vertebrates, consisting of cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
2. Early theories on immunity proposed by scientists like Metchnikoff, von Behring, and Paul Ehrlich to explain concepts like phagocytosis, humoral immunity, and the generation of antibody diversity.
3. The development of the clonal selection theory by Burnet, Jerne, and others to explain how the immune system achieves antigen specificity through clonal expansion and memory cells.
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The document discusses how monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing B lymphocytes from immunized mice with myeloma cells, screening the resulting hybridomas for the desired antibody specificity using tests like ELISA, and identifying the hybridomas that produce homogenous and specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the antigen of interest.
The immune system
Overview of the Immune System: Innate vs. Adaptive Defenses
Innate-Nonspecific Defenses
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- Major cellular components
Phagocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
NK cells
- Chemical signals
Interferons
Complement Proteins
Inflammation
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Introduction to immunology and functions
The document provides an overview of the immune system. It describes that the immune system defends the body against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. It is divided into the innate immune system which provides immediate defense mechanisms like skin, mucus, phagocytes, inflammation and acquired immune system which has adaptive responses like antibodies and memory cells. The adaptive immune system has both humoral immunity mediated by B cells and antibodies and cellular immunity mediated by T cells. Antigens are recognized by antibodies and T cell receptors leading to pathogen destruction.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Primary immunodeficiency
This document discusses primary immunodeficiencies, which are a group of genetically determined disorders characterized by impaired immune response. It defines several types of primary immunodeficiencies including SCID, XLA, DiGeorge syndrome, Ataxia-teleangectesia, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and CGD. For each, it describes the genetic cause, characteristic infections, clinical features, and available therapies. The document provides an overview of primary immunodeficiencies for educational purposes.
M H C
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules present antigen fragments to antigen-sensitive cells like T cells. There are three main classes of MHC molecules - Class I presents endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T cells, Class II presents exogenous antigens to helper T cells, and Class III encodes complement proteins and cytokines. MHC molecules play a key role in the immune system by regulating antigen presentation and immune responses.
Lymphoid organs ppt
The document discusses the lymphoid organs of the immune system. It describes the bone marrow and thymus as the primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes develop and mature. The bone marrow is the site of generation for all blood cells including B lymphocytes, and is where B cell maturation occurs. The thymus is the site of T cell maturation and selection. Secondary lymphoid organs include the lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues, which harbor mature lymphocytes.
14 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
This document discusses a case presentation of a 2-year-old boy named D. George who has been brought in by his parents due to concerns about recurrent infections. The boy has a history of frequent upper respiratory infections and ear infections, and has been hospitalized twice for infections. The document provides background on primary immunodeficiency diseases and different aspects of the immune system to help evaluate the child's condition and determine if he has an immunodeficiency.
Cardiovascular assessment
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
Cardiovascular examination
This document outlines the steps for performing a cardiovascular examination, including inspection, palpation of pulses, auscultation of heart sounds, and assessment for common cardiovascular problems. The exam involves checking general appearance, eyes, face, precordium, and ankles. Key pulses, jugular venous pressure, heart sounds, murmurs and extra sounds are auscultated systematically. Common presenting complaints like chest pain, breathlessness, palpitations, and syncope are discussed.
Basic Immunology
The document provides an overview of basic immunology concepts. It discusses the innate and adaptive immune systems, including their components and functions. The innate system provides non-specific defenses like physical barriers and phagocytes. The adaptive system has specialized immune cells and antibodies that provide specific and memory-based defenses against pathogens. Key cells discussed include T cells, B cells, antigen-presenting cells, and their roles in the immune response.
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Allergy and anesthesia
The document summarizes basic immunologic principles including the humoral and cellular immune responses, antigen presentation, T and B cell differentiation, antibody structure and function, roles of monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells, cytokines/interleukins, complement proteins, and their involvement in inflammation and allergic responses.
Immune system
The immune system protects the body from infection through two main branches: the innate immune system provides broad and immediate defense against pathogens, while the adaptive immune system provides highly specific immune responses and immunological memory. The adaptive immune system includes lymphocytes that recognize and respond to specific antigens through humoral immunity using antibodies or cell-mediated immunity using T-cells. Memory lymphocytes generated during an immune response enable faster and stronger protection upon reexposure to the same pathogen. Disorders can arise if the immune system is compromised, overactive, or attacks the body's own tissues.
Ss10
1. Immature granulocytes (IGs) are white blood cells in early stages of development that can indicate the presence of bacterial infection.
2. Manual microscopic examination and hematology analyzers can detect and quantify IGs to calculate ratios like the IT ratio that correlate with infection and sepsis.
3. Studies have found IG counts and IT ratios above certain levels to be predictive of infection and sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity, and can serve as early indicators even when blood cultures are negative.
Immune system
Immunity are divided into nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Examples of nonspecific immunity are skin, mucous membrane, and sebum. Specific immunity recognizes and respond to specific foreign substance. Specific immunity are divided into humoral response and cell-mediated response. Humoral response involves the production of antibodies while cell mediated immunity involve the cytotoxic T cells.
Overview of the Immune System for Medics
This is a presentation containing all notes for exams on the topic on immunology. It is mainly useful for Cambridge Medical students but some summaries may also be helpful for others!
Immuno-Oncology: A Colloquium on the State of the Science for Oncology Clinic...
Immuno-Oncology: A Colloquium on the State of the Science for Oncology Clinic...Institute For Medical Education and Research (IMER)
More information about this activity can be found here: http://bit.ly/ST0uRp
Chairperson
Jedd D. Wolchok, MD, PhD
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Faculty
Antoni Ribas, MD, PhD
University of California, Los Angeles
Mary L. Disis, MD
University of Washington School of Medicine
Charles G. Drake, MD, PhD
The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
John Powderly II, MD, CPI
Carolina BioOncology Institute, PLLC
Cancer Therapy & Research Center
Activity Overview
Advances in basic immunology have led to an improved understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumors, generating renewed interest in novel immunologic approaches to the treatment of cancer. Indeed, there have been multiple FDA approvals of immunologic agents in recent years and there are many ongoing trials of novel immunotherapies in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and other tumor types.
In this series of half-day conferences, leading oncologists will provide an overview of immune system–cancer interactions, the safety and efficacy of recently approved immunologic agents for the treatment of melanoma and prostate cancer, the latest data from ongoing trials in non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and others, and the management of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). These sessions will include case studies to stimulate interactive discussion of real-world treatment scenarios.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this activity, participants should be better able to:
• Describe the biological foundations of immunotherapy approaches to the
treatment of cancer
• Identify the mechanisms of action of immuno-oncologic agents such as
vaccines and immune system-modulating antibodies
• Evaluate new safety and efficacy data on recently approved and emerging
immunotherapies across tumor types
• Describe how new immunotherapies are integrated into existing treatment
evidence-based guidelines
• Identify ongoing research efforts in immuno-oncology including how to
appropriately select patients who would be candidates for clinical trials
More information about this activity can be found here: http://bit.ly/ST0uRpLecture 2 animal cell culture
This document discusses animal cell culture and its applications. It provides information on:
1) The uses of animal cell culture including production of recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and cell biology studies.
2) Characteristics of animal cell culture compared to microorganism culture, including lower growth rates and productivity.
3) Products that can be produced from mammalian cell cultures including cells, cell-derived products, and recombinant glycoproteins.
4) Types of animal cells commonly used in culture including epithelial, fibroblast, muscle, and blood/lymph cells.
Immune system 6-3 and 11-1
The document discusses the immune system, including its ability to recognize foreign substances, produce an appropriate response through nonspecific and specific defenses, and maintain tolerance of self cells. The immune response involves white blood cells, antibodies, inflammation, and memory cells that provide a faster response upon repeat exposure. The summary also outlines how HIV attacks lymphocytes and progresses to AIDS by destroying the immune system's ability to fight infection.
Inflamação nut desp 13_versão slide share
The document discusses inflammation in sports. It describes acute inflammation as characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain, resulting in loss of function. It occurs as the body's response to injury or infection, involving the immune system cells like monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, NK lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes that work to remove injurious stimuli and initiate healing.
Introduction to immunology
Dr. Alok Tripathi studies immunology at the Department of Biotechnology. The document discusses the history and key concepts of immunology, including:
1. The dual immune system of vertebrates, consisting of cell-mediated and humoral immunity.
2. Early theories on immunity proposed by scientists like Metchnikoff, von Behring, and Paul Ehrlich to explain concepts like phagocytosis, humoral immunity, and the generation of antibody diversity.
3. The development of the clonal selection theory by Burnet, Jerne, and others to explain how the immune system achieves antigen specificity through clonal expansion and memory cells.
Antibodies drug delivery system
The document discusses how monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing B lymphocytes from immunized mice with myeloma cells, screening the resulting hybridomas for the desired antibody specificity using tests like ELISA, and identifying the hybridomas that produce homogenous and specific monoclonal antibodies targeting the antigen of interest.
The immune system
Overview of the Immune System: Innate vs. Adaptive Defenses
Innate-Nonspecific Defenses
First Line of defense: Physical barriers
Second Line of defense:
- Major cellular components
Phagocytes
Basophils
Eosinophils
NK cells
- Chemical signals
Interferons
Complement Proteins
Inflammation
Fever (pyrogens)
Introduction to immunology and functions
The document provides an overview of the immune system. It describes that the immune system defends the body against bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. It is divided into the innate immune system which provides immediate defense mechanisms like skin, mucus, phagocytes, inflammation and acquired immune system which has adaptive responses like antibodies and memory cells. The adaptive immune system has both humoral immunity mediated by B cells and antibodies and cellular immunity mediated by T cells. Antigens are recognized by antibodies and T cell receptors leading to pathogen destruction.
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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