This document provides an overview of the emerging commercial drone market and opportunities for software applications development. It discusses what drones are and common uses like precision agriculture, infrastructure inspection, and real estate. An example of using drones for pole inspection is described. Regulations from the FAA are limiting but expected to evolve. Big data and internet of things technologies can be leveraged to build solutions for automated data collection, analysis and decision making. While public perception and some limitations still exist, the market is growing and those that act now will be well positioned for the future.

1. © 2015 Cognizant
© copyright 2015 Cognizant
June 2016
I’m Being Followed by Drones
The Impact of IoT and Big Data on the Future of Unmanned Aerial Systems
Ken Kranz
Director, Emerging Big Data Technologies
Cognizant Corporation

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An overview of the emerging
commercial UAS market from
the standpoint of software
applications development

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Should you be in this market?
If so,
when should you enter?
what services should you provide?
Objective

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1. What is a drone?
2. Use Case Review
3. Example Product Deployment
4. State and Federal Limitations
5. Where, What, When?
Overview

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What’s in a Name?

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What was a Drone (circa 2014)?
• Lethal Killing Machine
• Remote warfare
• Unchecked Killings
• Eyes in the sky sent to spy
• Big Brother
• For the consumer market:
Please don’t call it a drone!

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What is it now?
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Optionally Manned Aircraft
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)
Quadcopter
Hexacopter
Remotely Piloted Aircraft
Drone First Person View (FPV)
Microcopter
Highly Regulated by the FAA

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What do these have in common?
All require FAA registration

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Registration?

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And these?

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?

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Drone or an airplane?
Optionally manned aircraft
Requires N number

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Hint: Trick question…

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1. Handful of industries – commercial
2. Most growth in commercial/civilian
3. Legacy manufactures have “no
natural advantages”
4. Significant work outside the US
5. Easing of US airspace regulations
likely to happen in 2017
6. Technology barriers are both a
roadblock and a huge business
opportunity
Market Forecast – Business Insider (May 2016)

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• 4 million consumer drones sold worldwide 2015
• DroneDeploy marks 3 million acres mapped
• Physical “garage” startups thriving
• Drone vendors starting to roll out direct drone to cloud interfaces
Too Big to Ignore?
• Agra scanning is happening today. Dusting imminent!
• Cinematography is happening today!
• Real estate imaging is happening today!
• Roof inspections are happening today!
• Infrastructure inspections are happening today!

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Most involved in the industry today generally are…
Industry Makeup
1. Well versed in their specific domain (arga, real estate, utilities…)
2. Learning drone pilotage
3. Learning about shared airspace issues / FAA regulations
So, what’s missing?
Most have little to no large scale SW appdev or Big Data/cloud experience
Instead downloading to laptops and manually completing the process

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Being followed by drones?
17

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1. Open source
2. Internet
3. Machine to Machine Interchange
4. Personal Devices
5. Enhanced Location Awareness
6. Online and App Stores
7. Cloud Computing
8. Big Data / CEP / IoT …
9. Drone Technologies
Drones are one of the first disruptive technology to follow Big Data
Significant Disruptive Technologies past 20 years

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1. For any one commercial drone, data collection can be voluminous
2. Drone/Drone and Drone/Aircraft potential is large
3. While the commercial market is potentially large, the startup
businesses is possibly even larger
4. Both commercial and startup’s need ready-to-go tailored
infrastructure and processing support
5. Cloud enablement is the last technical roadblock to enable Big Data,
CEP and IoT infrastructure support
Big Data tie-in

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What can you build that can be
leveraged for this market?
and should you be building it now?

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Drone Uses

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Survey: What’s hot right now!

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Package Delivery
• Amazon
• Google
• UPS/DHL
• Dominos
• Taco Bell
• Others…
• International…

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Precision Agriculture
• Land Survey
• Near Infrared Sensor
• Crop Monitoring
• Irrigation Equipment Monitoring
• 3D Mapping
• Thermal Imaging
• Crop Dusting/Augmentation

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Land Use / Efficiency

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Yield Defender - RTF
3 million mapped acres

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Infrastructure Inspection
Flare Stack Inspection
Wind Turbine Inspection
Power Line Inspection
Pipeline Inspection
Bridge Inspection
Crane Inspection
Stack Inspection
Cell Tower Inventory
Aircraft/Ship Inspection

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Real Estate
Cinematography
FPV/Drone Racing

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Other Popular Uses
• Insurance Claim Validation
• Organ Transplant
• Emissions Monitoring
• First Aid
• Wildlife Monitoring
• Railway & Road Safety
• Construction Site Management
• Home Sales
• Security
• Flash Flood Warnings
• Oil Spill Monitoring
• Search and Rescue
• Beach / Shark Patrol
• Journalism
• Fast Food Delivery
• Sports Broadcasting
• Support Vehicles

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1. Reduces Dangerous Situations
2. Reduces Work Related Injuries
3. Significantly Reduces Inspection
Times
4. Significantly increases number of
inspections per day
5. Heavily data driven
6. Current bottleneck?
Manual Intervention / Analytics
Commonality?

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1. Last mile
Stream images and video directly to the cloud
2. Automated / RT analytics
Remove the person from the workflow
3. Real-time decision making
Streaming & Complex Event Processing
4. Intercommunication with immediate
surrounding airspace
Internet of Things
What is needed today?

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Example Opportunity

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Pole Dry Rot Inspection
Poles can rot from the top down
Poles need to be inspected on a
rotating basis
Current inspections are a
subjective process
Current inspection place
employees in harms way

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Example: Pole Dry Rot Inspection – current state
• Dispatch truck
• Cordon off area
• Extend stabilizers
• Safety vest, shielding, gloves, etc
• Connect harness to bucket
• Ascend to pole top
• Inspect, document
• Lower bucket
• Stow equipment
• Move to next pole
Number of poles inspected: 1
Estimated inspection time: 45–60 min
People in jeopardy: 1-2

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Pole Dry Rot Inspection – future state
• Plan mission
• Dispatch truck(s)
• Cordon off area
• Review/modify mission plan
• File Flight Plan (DROTAM)
• Launch, inspect, cloud store, analyze,
generate report
• Stow equipment
• Move to next neighborhood
Number of poles inspected: 50-100
Estimated inspection time: 45-60 min
People in jeopardy: 0

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Plan the Mission (first inspection)
1. Call up the area in a maps
enabled flight planning tool
2. Identify the individual poles as
points-of-interest
3. Identify a flight path that
crosses each pole
4. Plan altitude to avoid know
object: trees, wires, bridges,
etc

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Execute Mission
1. Arrive on site
2. Review area for safety and
obstacles against plan
3. Update plan as necessary
4. Secure the area
5. Fly the mission

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Mission
As mission is flown, image data
and geo location uploaded
directly to Big Data storage
Data Sourcing
Drone
Data
drone1
drone2
drone3
Other
Data
Records
Social
Media
RFIDs
Logs
Streams
Data
Acquisition
IoT APIs
ESB
Real Time
CDC
DB Replication
SQL
Extracts
Data
Virtualization
Other Data
Acquisition
Push / Pull
Raw Data Store
Landing Staging
Data Integration
Data
Integration
Data
preparation
Metadata
Services
Reject
Reprocessing
Notification
Data Certification Layer
Certification
Repository
Rules
Engine
Rules
Repository
Data Repository
Data Lake
Consumption
No SQL
Data Layer
In Memory
Analytics
Data Marts
Reporting Analytics
BI & Visualization
Global BI
KPI Insights
Visualization
Other BI
Analytics
SAS
Predictive
Advanced
Analytics Sandbox
SOA
Data Security @ Rest – Data Encryption, Obfuscation & Masking
Metadata Management
Archiving
Data Governance & Stewardship
Enterprise MDM

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Automation
Each image automatically
compared to an array of known
“good” and “bad” poles

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Scoring
• Pole score calculated
• Reports generated
• Ad-hoc Analysis
• Ambiguous Pole Identification

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Unable to compute
Indeterminate poles sent for
human analysis – with the results
being used for future “known”
pool

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During Scan…
…other analytics performed –
limb distance measurements,
insulator failure, bracket failure,
etc.
Information sent to CEP where
other actions contemplated and
notifications issued

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During flight…
…other IoT communications
(drones, aircraft, trucks,
transformers, smart meters, etc)
take place, helping to coordinate
safe flight and plan for additional
actions

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Required Infrastructure
Drone upload interface
Cloud based data store
Known “good” and “bad” pole
image database
Image comparison best fit
analytics
Report generation
Ability to add new pole image data

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Limitations / Hindrances

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• When do they apply?
The moment you take off outdoors
• Registration Requirements?
Section 333 Exemption, COA, pilots license
Part 107 + Knowledge Exam (coming)
• Preflight
Check local airspace before you fly
Call local towers for approval
Monitor local tower or CTAF frequencies
File “DROTAM” with Flight Services
• Private property rights
83’ (US v Causby)
500’ general lower limit to manned aircraft
numbers could change
• Use Limitations
Line of Sight
400’ limit
¼ Mile limit
Daylight Operations
Flight Plans
Safety Observers
Log Books
• Other FAA
Class B, C, D restrictions
5 mile airport restrictions
3 mile heliport restrictions
2 mile seaport restrictions
FAA Regulations

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1. New Part 107 registration process to
replace existing 333 exemptions
knowledge test now live on FAA Safety sight
2. State and Local Law Conflict
Courts have (generally) upheld FAA dominance
Continuing attempts to add new privacy laws
Near-term future cloudy
3. Minimum privacy height
Expected the courts will have to add clarification to
existing case law
Anticipated Changes / Unintended Consequences

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1. Privatization of ATC
Impact unknown?
Drone pushback?
Fee for use?
2. Future Tracking Options
NextGen / ADS-B out (2020)
FlightAware, FlightRadar, etc
Optical based
Radar based
Geo based
3. International Adoption
Some countries significantly faster than the USA
Designated UAS testing facilities
Anticipated Changes / Unintended Consequences

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1. Bad Actors
Reckless operations
Aircraft strikes
Clueless operations
Terrorism
2. FAA Test Facilities
3. Shared Sky's
Historic Anti Pilot Sentiment
Line of Sight Limitations
Class B, C, D restrictions
5/3/2 mile restrictions
4. International Adoption
Some countries significantly faster than the USA
Designated UAS testing facilities
Wild Cards

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Average person on the street:
• 51% against use of Drones
• 74% have safety concerns
• 75% have privacy concerns
• 76% welcome tighter enforcement
• 40% feel poses more risks than rewards
• Yet only 18% say they have a good
understanding of what the rules are
Perception is Reality*
* http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/action-urged-to-ensure-drone-sector-can-flourish-as-industry-takes-flight-11364068191311

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1. Lightbridge 2, DJI Live Stream
2. Facebook Live Stream
3. YouTube Live Stream
4. Fusion 360 IoT APIs
Enabling Technologies

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1. DroneDeploy*
2. Yield Defender*
3. AgVault 2.0, Sentera LLC
4. AgDrone
5. eBee Ag
6. Lancaster
7. Crop Mapper
8. AG550
9. Quad Indago
10.AgEagle
Existing Competition (just Ag)

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All the big Aero guys plus…
1. Accenture, Cognizant, Wipro, etc.
2. IBM, Oracle, HP, SAP, etc.
3. Forge Initiative
• Autodesk (3D Printing)
• 3D Robotics (Drones)
• Seebo:
• IoT as a Service
• Fusion IoT APIs
Other Well Positioned Vendors

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Conclusion

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1. Market is taking off with or without the United States
2. Time to build solution infrastructure is now
3. If your market is limited to the US, near term future is unknown
4. Ultimately UAS adoption is inevitable
5. Historically slow moving FAA is being very aggressive/pro UAV
6. Due to overseas adoption, if you do not act now, you most likely will be shut
out.
Conclusion

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The UAV Digest Podcast
www.theuavdigest.com/
UAS Operations: Drone Operator Ground School
https://www.udemy.com/uas-operations-study-course/?couponCode=Hadoop
FAA 333 Exemption Process
www.faa.gov/uas/legislative_programs/section_333/how_to_file_a_petition/
AUVSI 333 guidelines
www.auvsi.org/blogs/auvsi-news/2015/04/30/howtosection333
FAA Docket
www.regulations.gov/#!home
NUAir Test Sites
www.faa.gov/uas/legislative_programs/test_sites/
UAS Registration Site
www.faa.gov/uas/registration/
Somewhat Humorous Roof Inspection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zHEeMpborI
ADS-B and IoT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFpJId3vPMo
Suggested Material
Use Coupon Code: “Hadoop”

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References

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http://dronelife.com/2015/01/24/drone-sales-figures-2014-hard-navigate/
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Drones and the Internet of Things in the cybersecurity equation | IBM Big Data & Analytics Hub
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http://digiday.com/publishers/eye-sky-fox-sports-bringing-drones-sporting-events/
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http://www.businessinsider.com/uav-or-commercial-drone-market-forecast-2015-2
https://www.asdreports.com/news-3132/advanced-metering-infrastructure-ami-market-worth-2003-billion-2019-according-new-study-asdreports
http://unmanned-aerial.com/sentera-brings-autonomous-drone-route-planning-to-precision-ag-app/
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/should-you-be-allowed-to-keep-drones-from-flying-over-your-property-2016-06-09
http://unmanned-aerial.com/senteras-new-fixed-wing-uav-provides-growers-with-precise-grid-patterns/
http://www.syracuse.com/business-news/index.ssf/2016/06/upstate_ny_wants_to_be_leader_in_emerging_drone_industry_cny_to_host_convention.html
https://apple.news/ALaYpheDeMTSS6ZQcYA6-Zg
https://apple.news/AVCJwrgDENxysk6v1osY7Eg
http://unmanned-aerial.com/upcoming-drone-world-expo-to-feature-beefed-up-education-program/
http://techcrunch.com/2016/06/15/autodesk-invests-in-future-with-3d-robotic-drones-and-smart-iot-platforms/
http://unmanned-aerial.com/dronedeploy-offers-new-ag-functionalities-in-time-for-growing-season/
http://home.bt.com/news/uk-news/action-urged-to-ensure-drone-sector-can-flourish-as-industry-takes-flight-11364068191311
References