eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Expectations for additional advancements are emphasized as expectations for current developments in silicon technology, processor architecture and implementation, system organization, buses, greater degrees of integration, self-testing, caches, and coprocessors are reviewed.
Kernel Recipes 2018 - Overview of SD/eMMC, their high speed modes and Linux s...Anne Nicolas
SD and eMMC devices are widely present on Linux systems and became on some products the primary storage medium. One of the key feature for storage is the speed of the bus accessing the data.
Since the introduction of the original “default” (DS) and “high speed” (HS) modes, the SD card standard has evolved by introducing new speed modes, such as SDR12, SDR25, SDR50, SDR104, etc. The same happened to the eMMC standard, with the introduction of high speed modes named DDR52, HS200, HS400, etc. The Linux kernel has obviously evolved to support these new speed modes, both in the MMC core and through the addition of new drivers.
This talk will start by introducing the SD and eMMC standards and how they work at the hardware level, with a specific focus on the new speed modes. With this hardware background in place, we will then detail how these standards are supported by Linux, see what is still missing, and what we can expect to see in the future.
eMMC 5.0 is the latest generation of embedded NAND Flash IP. Arasan provides a complete solution including digital controllers for host and device, the mixed PHY I/O and pads, software drivers, hardware validation and support.
Expectations for additional advancements are emphasized as expectations for current developments in silicon technology, processor architecture and implementation, system organization, buses, greater degrees of integration, self-testing, caches, and coprocessors are reviewed.
Kernel Recipes 2018 - Overview of SD/eMMC, their high speed modes and Linux s...Anne Nicolas
SD and eMMC devices are widely present on Linux systems and became on some products the primary storage medium. One of the key feature for storage is the speed of the bus accessing the data.
Since the introduction of the original “default” (DS) and “high speed” (HS) modes, the SD card standard has evolved by introducing new speed modes, such as SDR12, SDR25, SDR50, SDR104, etc. The same happened to the eMMC standard, with the introduction of high speed modes named DDR52, HS200, HS400, etc. The Linux kernel has obviously evolved to support these new speed modes, both in the MMC core and through the addition of new drivers.
This talk will start by introducing the SD and eMMC standards and how they work at the hardware level, with a specific focus on the new speed modes. With this hardware background in place, we will then detail how these standards are supported by Linux, see what is still missing, and what we can expect to see in the future.
All the processors along with there year of introduction and their clock speed, type, transistor count, and the technology of fabrication is mentioned. the picture of every processor is also attached.
The video of these slides is on youtube. Go check it out in this channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSq5mPTuulVfrSVKujbrESw
The kernel exploit attacks have recently become difficult to be
launched because executing either malicious scripts or
instructions is prohibited by the DEP/NX (Data Execution
Prevention/Not Executable). As an alternative way, returnoriented programming (ROP) could be another option to treat the
prevention. However, despite lots of cost for making ROP gadgets,
it has no guarantee to assemble the proper gadgets. To overcome
this limitation, we introduce Page Table Manipulation Attack
(PTMA) to alter memory attribute through page table
modification. This attack enables an attacker to rewrite memory
attribute of protected memory. We show how to find the page
table entry of interest in Master Kernel Page Table and modify its
attribute in AArch32 and x86-64. The results show that PTMA
effectively circumvents the existing kernel exploitation defenses
that are based on memory permission
Many modern and emerging applications must process huge amounts of data.
Unfortunately, prevalent computer architectures are based on the von Neumann design, where processing units and memory units are located apart, which make them highly inefficient for large-scale data intensive tasks.
The performance and energy costs when executing this type of applications are dominated by the movement of data between memory units and processing units. This is known as the von Neumann bottleneck.
Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is a computing paradigm that avoids most of this data movement by putting together, in the same place or near, computation and data.
This talk will give an overview of PIM and will discuss some of the key enabling technologies.
Next I will present some of our research results in that area, specifically in the application areas of genome sequence alignment and time series analysis.
All the processors along with there year of introduction and their clock speed, type, transistor count, and the technology of fabrication is mentioned. the picture of every processor is also attached.
The video of these slides is on youtube. Go check it out in this channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSq5mPTuulVfrSVKujbrESw
The kernel exploit attacks have recently become difficult to be
launched because executing either malicious scripts or
instructions is prohibited by the DEP/NX (Data Execution
Prevention/Not Executable). As an alternative way, returnoriented programming (ROP) could be another option to treat the
prevention. However, despite lots of cost for making ROP gadgets,
it has no guarantee to assemble the proper gadgets. To overcome
this limitation, we introduce Page Table Manipulation Attack
(PTMA) to alter memory attribute through page table
modification. This attack enables an attacker to rewrite memory
attribute of protected memory. We show how to find the page
table entry of interest in Master Kernel Page Table and modify its
attribute in AArch32 and x86-64. The results show that PTMA
effectively circumvents the existing kernel exploitation defenses
that are based on memory permission
Many modern and emerging applications must process huge amounts of data.
Unfortunately, prevalent computer architectures are based on the von Neumann design, where processing units and memory units are located apart, which make them highly inefficient for large-scale data intensive tasks.
The performance and energy costs when executing this type of applications are dominated by the movement of data between memory units and processing units. This is known as the von Neumann bottleneck.
Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is a computing paradigm that avoids most of this data movement by putting together, in the same place or near, computation and data.
This talk will give an overview of PIM and will discuss some of the key enabling technologies.
Next I will present some of our research results in that area, specifically in the application areas of genome sequence alignment and time series analysis.
A talk I did at Agile Welly - be forewarned - it contains swears as I am morally corrupt, it seems. RATING: PG
I address the Agile is Dead conversation, how we can move through being proficient at the methodologies, to become masters at the agile mindset.
Performans testleri nasıl yapılmalı?
• Performans Test Stratejisinin Belirlenmesi
o Risklerin, Rol ve Sorumlulukların Belirlenmesi
o Performans Test Araçlarının Belirlenmesi
• Performans Test Süreçlerinin Oluşturulması / İyileştirilmesi
• Performans Testlerinin Planlanması
o Performans Gereksinimlerinin Toplanması ve Belirlenmesi
o Test Edilecek ve Edilmeyecek İşlemlerin Belirlenmesi
o İşlem Bazında Yük Seviyelerinin ve Senaryolarının Belirlenmesi
• Performans Testlerinin Hazırlanması ve Koşumu
o Test Senaryolarının (script’lerin) Hazırlanması
o Test Senaryolarının (script’lerin) Çalıştırılması
• Performans Testlerinin Raporlanması
o Performans Test Sonuçlarının Analizi ve Raporlanması
Performans Testleri ile daha fazla bilgi almak için www.keytorc.com
Performans Testing Approach
• Principles of performance testing
• Identification of performance test metrics
• Identification of performance test acceptance criteria
• Determination of critical load and stress levels
• Set up and configuration of performance test environment
• Selection and configuration of performance test automation tools
• Design and preparation of performance test scripts
• Preparation of performance test data
• Preparation of load scenarios
• Execution of performance tests
• Analysis and verification of performance test results
• Ways of improving system performance
• Tips on performance testing
• Mitigation of risks about performance testing
• Required skills for performance testers
Contact us for more information about performance testing: http://www.keytorc.com/en/index.html
3. İŞLEMCİ NEDİR?
İşlemci bilgisayarın çalışmasını düzenleyen ve programlardaki tüm komutları tek
tek işleyen birimdir.
Bilgisayarın beyni olarak tanımlanır.
İşlemciler açma kapama anahtarı gibi çalışan milyonlarca transistörden
oluşmaktadır.
Sinyaller bilgisayarın yaptığı tüm işleri toplama çıkarma çarpma ve bölme gibi
temel matematiksel işlemlere indirir.
. İşlemci de bu işlemleri en basit sayma sistemi olan ikilik düzen yani sadece 0 ve 1
sayılarını kullanarak yapar.
4. İşlemciyi bilgisayarın beyni olarak tanımlar.
İşlemci = Mikroişlemci = MİB = CPU = μP
Çekirdeğin tanımı: Her işlemci çekirdeği, ayrı bir merkezi işlem birimidir.
Örneğin çift çekirdekli işlemci, tek çipli bir işlemci gibi görünür ancak içerisinde
iki işlem birimi vardır. Ek merkezi işlem birimleri, birden çok işi aynı anda
yapabilirler.
İŞLEMCİ GÖREVİ
5. Saat hızı: Saat hızı, işlemcilerin ne kadar hızlı çalıştığını belirler (ancak tek başına
hızı ölçmekte yeterli değildir). Örneğin Intel'in Core i5-3330işlemcisi, 3GHz ile
çalışan dört çekirdeğe sahiptir. Bu çekirdeklerin her biri 3GHz'de çalışır.
INTEL
Intel, ABD merkezli, dünyanın en büyük işlemci üretecisi ve en bilinen işlemci
markasıdır. Şirket, 1968 yılında Gordon E.Moore tarafından kurulmuştur.İlk
olarak 1971 yılında intel 4004 işlemcisiyile piyasaya çıkmıştır.
6.
7. AMD
·
· Advanced Micro Devices şirketi, kısaca AMD, merkezi Austin, Teksas, ABD olan
mikroçip üreten bir şirkettir. Genel olarak kişisel bilgisayarlar için ürettiği işlemcileri
ile bilinir. Ayrıca 2006 yazında ATI'yi satın alması ile grafik (çizge) işlemcileri üretme
kapasitesine de ulaşmıştır.
8. İşlemciye ne yapmasını istediğimizi söyleyen programlar olmadığı sürece
işlemci bir işe yaramaz.
Bilgisayarda tüm programlar sabit diskte (hard disk) tutulur
İşlemci her saniyede milyonlarca, hatta milyarlarca komutu işleyebilir.
Bu sorunu ortadan kaldırmak için programlar sabit diskten alınarak RAM’e
(rem diye okunur) yüklenir. RAM’den de işlemciye aktarılır.
Programlar Nerede Tutulur?
9. çeşitli sayıda pin bulunduran işlemci paketlemesine PGA (pin grid array)
İŞLEMCİ PAKETİ
10. LGA paketinde işlemci ayaklarının yerini elektrik iletimini sağlayan iletim
noktaları almıştır.
