This document discusses control systems and building automation. It begins with basic definitions of control systems and their purposes, which include maintaining desired conditions while reducing equipment capacity and human labor. The document then provides a brief history of HVAC controls and building automation systems. It discusses current issues and trends, and the future of building automation. Key concepts are defined, including improving energy efficiency through passive solar design, efficient equipment, and renewable energy sources. The document emphasizes the economic, social, and environmental benefits of energy efficient buildings.

1. CONTROL SYSTEMS
PRESENTED BY :
UGYEN WANGMO
ARCHITECT/ASST. LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING AUTOMATION AND INTELLIGENT BUILDING SYSTEMS

2. BASIC CONTROL DEFINITIONS
BRIEF HISTORY OF HVAC CONTROLS AND BUILDING
AUTOMATION SYSTEMS
CURRENT ISSUES AND TRENDS
FUTURE OF BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM
TABLE
OF
C O N T E N T
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3. CONTROLS & CONTROL SYSTEM
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Reduce equipment capacity to maintain
desired ambient conditions, temperature, %
RH, pressure, etc.
Reduce the amount of human labor needed.
Keep processes operating at safe levels.
Operate process to maintain environment
using the least amount of energy possible.

4. PURPOSE OF CONTROLS
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Reduce equipment capacity to maintain
desired ambient conditions, temperature, %
RH, pressure, etc.
Reduce the amount of human labor needed.
Keep processes operating at safe levels.
Operate process to maintain environment
using the least amount of energy possible.

5. INTRODUCTION
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The present day buildings that are designed
and used, symbolize unrestrained
consumption of energy, be it a
• five star hotel,
• commercial establishment,
• govt buildings or
• a residential complex.

6. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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• Buildings are responsible for 32 percent of global
energy consumption and one-quarter of global
human-induced CO2 emissions.
• Energy costs can be a significant burden on a
household or business budget.
• Increasing energy productivity through measures
like building efficiency has the potential to slow the
growth of energy demand.

7. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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8. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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• Current projections indicate that 66 percent of the
world’s population will live in cities by 2050.
• Buildings form the fabric of our urban landscapes.
• There is a tremendous opportunity today to shape
tomorrow’s cities and buildings and avoid “locking
in” inefficiencies by applying resource-efficient
planning and design to buildings and the urban
environment.
• In the coming decades, as these cities face rapid
urbanization, buildings will play an ever-increasing
role.

9. ENERGY PYRAMID
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10. ENERGY PYRAMID
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11. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
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• Energy efficiency primarily refers to end-use efficiency.
• It involves delivering equal or greater levels of “energy services” with less energy supply.
• Energy services include cooling, heating, lighting, driving motors, operating equipment
and appliances

12. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
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13. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
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• Energy resource efficiency in new constructions
can be effected by adopting an integrated
approach to building design.
• The primary steps in this approach would be to:
1. Incorporate solar passive techniques in
building design to minimize load on
conventional systems (heating, cooling,
ventilation and lighting).
2. Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC
systems.
3. Use renewable energy sources to meet part of
building load.
4. Use low energy materials & methods of
construction & reduce transportation energy.

14. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
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• Thus in brief, an energy efficient building
balances all aspects of energy use in a building:
1. lighting,
2. space-conditioning and
3. ventilation.
• Providing an
1. optimised mix of passive solar design
strategies,
2. energy-efficient equipments and
3. renewable sources of energy.

15. EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
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• Efficient buildings can help improve the quality
of life of millions of people because they are
often
1. higher-quality buildings,
2. With greater comfort and
3. Improved indoor and outdoor air quality.
• Energy efficiency can stretch
existing electricity resources
further, helping to provide
better energy access, reliability,
and security to urban residents.

16. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
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• A study by the International Energy Agency
(IEA) shows that, if implemented globally,
energy efficiency measures in the building
sector could deliver CO2 emissions savings as
high as 5.8 billion tonnes by 2050.
• Lowering greenhouse gas emissions by 83
percent below the business-as-usual scenario.

17. KEY CONCEPTS
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Improving energy efficiency
• Types and uses of solar energy
• Types and uses of flowing
water
• Uses of wind energy
• Types and uses of biomass
• Use of geothermal energy
• Use of hydrogen as a fuel
• Decentralized power systems

18. KEY CONCEPTS
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19. ENERGY ASSESSMENT
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• A procedure to assess the power consumption
with respect to each source.
• Basic steps:
1. Determining the amount of energy being
consumed for each process/activity.
2. Determining the scope for energy savings and
the cost it takes to implement the activities.
ENERGY GAP = ENERGY SUPPLY – ENERGY DEMAND

20. ENERGY ASSESSMENT
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21. ENERGY ASSESSMENT
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22. EFFICIENCY OF SOME COMMON DEVICES
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23. VEHICLE EFFICIENCY
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25% Of the gasoline is used to propel a car, the rest is “lost” as heat. i.e an efficiency of
0.25

24. THANK YOU
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25. FLIPPED CLASS
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