1. Vocational Training Institute Larkano
Introduction To Information
Technology
Diploma in information Technology
By: Abdul Ghafoor Kalhoro
Lecture-1
2. Employment through Skill
Introduction to Information Technology?
Information technology is the use of computers to
create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all
kinds of data and information. IT forms part of
information and communications technology.
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Do You Know
Information is data that has
been processed in such a
way as to be meaningful to
the person who receives it.
it is any thing that is
communicated.
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Computer Technology
Computer Technology means all scientific and technical information or
material pertaining to any machine, appliance, or process, including
specifications, proposals, models, designs, formulas, test results and
reports, analyses, simulation results, tables of operating conditions,
materials, components, industrial skills, operating and testing
procedures, shop practice.
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Digital and analog data
Analog and digital signals are the types of signals
carrying information. The major difference
between both signals is that the analog signals
have continuous electrical signals, while digital
signals have non-continuous electrical signals.
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Do You Know
A signal is an electromagnetic
or electrical current that
carries data from one system
or network to another.
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Importance of I.T in Today’s life
No one can escape the absolute necessity of technology in our daily lives.
Each of us is so heavily dependent on technology that we cannot do
anything easily without it. Technology is important because it is used in all
areas of life. When you consider your daily routine and count all the
technology gadgets you consume in just one day, you will realize how
important technology is when you use your mobile, watch TV, drive a car,
and use a computer or any electrical machine.
In fact, day after day is increasing depending on technology whether during
communication or transportation or search for any information or even
entertainment. Humans have also reached the moon with the revolution in
space technology.
Technology can not only help with the present but also bring the future
closer. Hence, technology is undeniably important in our lives.
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Uses of Information Technology
We can see the uses and role of information technology in our society in many
fields:
Business, Education, Finance, Healthcare, Security, Communication, Employment
etc.
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8. Employment through Skill
Ages Of Computer
There are three ages during which man developed and invented different
types of machines to make calculation simplest.
• Dark Ages (3000 B.C to 1890 A.D.)
• Middle Ages (1860 A.D. – 1929 A.D.)
• Modern Ages
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Dark Ages (3000 B.C to 1890 A.D.)
In the dark ages of computer data processing equipment were all
manual machine devices. The following manual machines were
used for data processing in the dark ages of computer.
• Abacus
• Napier’s Bones (1617)
• Napier’s Bones (1617)
• Difference Engines
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10. Employment through Skill
Abacus
The ABACUS is thousands of years
old and used worldwide is most
ancient of digital computer. The
ABACUS was the first instrument
that was used for helping men
making calculations. ABACUS was
developed in China around 3000
B.C and it was called “SWAN PAN”.
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Napier’s Bones (1617)
John Napier, a. Scottish
mathematician, designed a device
called “NAPIER’S BONES” his
“BONES” were a set of eleven rods
with numbers marked on them in
such a way that by simply placing
rods side by side the products and
quotients of large numbers could be
obtained easily.
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Difference Engines
The most deserving name in the list of such pioneers
is of Charles Babbage (1792-1871), a great English
mathematician. Now he is known as the “Father of
Computer” because he was the first man who gave
the concept of true computer only a part of this engine
was ever constructed. It was based on the principle of
difference of the square of numbers, that for certain
formula the difference between certain volumes will
remain constant, which consists of three basic parts
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Memory Unit (MU)
and Control Unit (CU)
In 1834 he proposed a general-purpose computation
machine called analytical engine
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Middle Ages (1860 A.D. – 1929 A.D.)
In 1890, the US census bureau asked Dr. Herman Hollerith
(1860-1929) (a statistician with the US bureau of the Census) to
find a way to speed up the processing of census data. The
Middle Ages of data processing are said to have begun when he
created “Punch Cards”. Mark-1 Computer Beginning in 1937, the
first electromechanical computer was developed at Harvard
University. Professor Howard Aiken with assistance from his
students and engineers of IBM completed the project in 1944
and known as MARK-1. It was the realization of Babbage’s
dream.
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Do you know?
A punched card is a piece of
stiff paper that holds digital
data represented by the
presence or absence of holes in
predefined positions.
Do you know?
The Harvard Mark I, or IBM
Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator, was a general-
purpose electromechanical
computer used in the war effort
during the last part of World
War II. One of the first
programs to run on the Mark I
was initiated on 29 March 1944
by John von Neumann.
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Modern Age
The efforts to improve the computing machine continued in 1948, a
success came in the field when Howard Aiken developed an
electromechanical computer and named it Mark-1. Mark-1 is
considered to be one of the first true computer because it could store
information and instruction. In 1946, John W. Mauchly and J. P.
Eckert developed an electronic numerical Integrator and Calculator
(ENIAC). ENIAC improved version was developed by John Von
Newman in 1950 and named as EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer) EDVAC was the first computer that could store
both the program as well as data. By 1950’s computer with automatic
data processing capabilities were developed one such computer was
Univac-I.
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