The Internet of Things (IoT) is a hype topic for nearly a decade now. Broadly growing, millions of devices get direct access to the Internet provides plenty of applications such as smart homes or mobile health management. This trend can also be found in the industry where IoT components hardened for these environments are introduced, called Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices which can be either sensors or actors, as well as mobile equipment such as smartphones, tablets, and smart glasses. Consequently, mobile communication becomes universal in smart factories. IIoT devices provide massive data on temperature, pressure, machine states, etc. But still, most of the SME level industries in the Asian region are new to these technological advancements. They still operate their facilities ith conventional setups without absorbing the new opportunities which are presented by IoT.
In the plastic injection molding industry, process parameters perform a significant role in the quality of the output product. During the manufacturing process, these process parameters have to deal with various factors such as quality and type of materials, requirement tolerance levels of the output product, Environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, etc. Injection molding has been a challenging process for many SME level manufacturers to produce products while meeting the quality requirements at the lowest cost. Most of them are unable to reach the global market in the injection molding industry due to the non-availability of the proper methods to determine the process parameters for injection molding. During production, quality characteristics may differ due to drifting or shifting of processing conditions caused by machine wear, environmental change, or operator fatigue. By determining the optimal process parameter settings productivity and quality will increase while reducing the cost of production.
In this paper, we suggest an Industrial IoT framework that can develop for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) level industries to optimize their production facility. With the presented framework SME level industries can start to inherit IoT devices into their production floor to manage and monitor production parameters in real-time while improving the quality of the production.
Insight into IoT Applications and Common Practice Challengesijtsrd
IoT caused a revolution in the technological world. Not only is the IoT related to computers, people or cell phones but also to various sensors, actuators, vehicles, and other modern appliances. There are around 14 billion interconnected digital devices across the globe i.e. almost 2 devices per human being on earth. The IoT serves as a medium to connect non living things to the internet to transfer information from one point to another in their community network which automates processes and ultimately makes the life of human beings convenient. The subsequent result of amalgamating internet connectivity with powerful data analysis is a complete change in the way we humans work and live. The most vital characteristics of IoT include connectivity, active engagement, sensors, artificial intelligence, and small device use. All of this creates many challenges that need to be solved to keep this technology to continue expanding. In this paper, we have identified various applications of IoT based on recent technological and business trends and highlighted the existing challenges faced by IoT which need to be addressed considering the exponential acceptance of the concept globally and the way those challenges had been addressed in the past. We have also made a few comments on the way such challenges are being attempted to be resolved now. This paper presents the current status Internet of Things IoT in terms of technical details, and applications. Also, this paper opens a window for future work on the historical approach to study and address IoT challenges. Lubna Alazzawi | Jamal Alotaibi "Insight into IoT Applications and Common Practice Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30286.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/30286/insight-into-iot-applications-and-common-practice-challenges/lubna-alazzawi
Internet of Things Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Int...ijtsrd
In existing world IOT find a great attention from researchers, it becomes an vital technology that offers a well defined communications between objects and machines. That will offer immediate access to information about the real world and objects in it leading to innovative facilities and increase in effectiveness and output. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum form the devices at the edge to cloud and data centres on the backend and everything in between through ecosystems are generated by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real world use cases to quicken the in IoT and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. This paper studies the perception of many IoT applications and innovation of original connected technologies to the challenges that in front of the execution of the IoT. Deepika Bairagee | Aditya Sharma "Internet of Things: Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Integrated Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31213.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/31213/internet-of-things-insights-of-applications-in-research-and-innovation-to-integrated-ecosystem/deepika-bairagee
Connecting Physical and Digital Worlds to Power the Industrial IoTCognizant
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) merges enterprise IT and manufacturing operations technologies by making optimal use of IoT sensor data, analytics, cloud, process automaiton software and more. The payoffs: increased efficiency, lower operating costs, reduced disruptions, improved productivity and higher margins.
Industry 4.0 is a name given to the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. Industry 4.0 is commonly referred to as the fourth industrial revolution.
Find out what is Industry 4.0 by exploring the historical revolution of Industries. Also explore the principles, goal and components of industry 4.0. This article will help you to find the benefits and biggest challenges in participating fourth industrial revolution industry 4.0
Insight into IoT Applications and Common Practice Challengesijtsrd
IoT caused a revolution in the technological world. Not only is the IoT related to computers, people or cell phones but also to various sensors, actuators, vehicles, and other modern appliances. There are around 14 billion interconnected digital devices across the globe i.e. almost 2 devices per human being on earth. The IoT serves as a medium to connect non living things to the internet to transfer information from one point to another in their community network which automates processes and ultimately makes the life of human beings convenient. The subsequent result of amalgamating internet connectivity with powerful data analysis is a complete change in the way we humans work and live. The most vital characteristics of IoT include connectivity, active engagement, sensors, artificial intelligence, and small device use. All of this creates many challenges that need to be solved to keep this technology to continue expanding. In this paper, we have identified various applications of IoT based on recent technological and business trends and highlighted the existing challenges faced by IoT which need to be addressed considering the exponential acceptance of the concept globally and the way those challenges had been addressed in the past. We have also made a few comments on the way such challenges are being attempted to be resolved now. This paper presents the current status Internet of Things IoT in terms of technical details, and applications. Also, this paper opens a window for future work on the historical approach to study and address IoT challenges. Lubna Alazzawi | Jamal Alotaibi "Insight into IoT Applications and Common Practice Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30286.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/30286/insight-into-iot-applications-and-common-practice-challenges/lubna-alazzawi
Internet of Things Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Int...ijtsrd
In existing world IOT find a great attention from researchers, it becomes an vital technology that offers a well defined communications between objects and machines. That will offer immediate access to information about the real world and objects in it leading to innovative facilities and increase in effectiveness and output. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum form the devices at the edge to cloud and data centres on the backend and everything in between through ecosystems are generated by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real world use cases to quicken the in IoT and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. This paper studies the perception of many IoT applications and innovation of original connected technologies to the challenges that in front of the execution of the IoT. Deepika Bairagee | Aditya Sharma "Internet of Things: Insights of Applications in Research and Innovation to Integrated Ecosystem" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31213.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/31213/internet-of-things-insights-of-applications-in-research-and-innovation-to-integrated-ecosystem/deepika-bairagee
Connecting Physical and Digital Worlds to Power the Industrial IoTCognizant
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) merges enterprise IT and manufacturing operations technologies by making optimal use of IoT sensor data, analytics, cloud, process automaiton software and more. The payoffs: increased efficiency, lower operating costs, reduced disruptions, improved productivity and higher margins.
Industry 4.0 is a name given to the current trend of automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. It includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of things, cloud computing and cognitive computing. Industry 4.0 is commonly referred to as the fourth industrial revolution.
Find out what is Industry 4.0 by exploring the historical revolution of Industries. Also explore the principles, goal and components of industry 4.0. This article will help you to find the benefits and biggest challenges in participating fourth industrial revolution industry 4.0
IoT Internet of Things , represents many kinds of devices in the field, connected to data centres via various networks, submitting data, and allow themselves to be controlled. Connected cameras, TV, media players, access control systems, and wireless sensors are becoming pervasive. Their applications include Retail Solutions, Home, Transportation and Automotive, Industrial and Energy etc. This growth also represents security threat, as several hacker attacks been launched using these devices as agents. We explore the current environment and propose a quantitative and qualitative trust model, using a multi dimensional exploration space, based on the hardware and software stack. This can be extended to any combination of IoT devices, and dynamically updated as the type of applications, deployment environment or any ingredients change. Karthik MV "Trust Modelling for Security of IoT Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31573.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/31573/trust-modelling-for-security-of-iot-devices/karthik-mv
DELL Technologies - The IoT Value Chain - Solutions for the Smart World (Hand...Smarter.World
In this presentation we will introduce various aspects of the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and the associated challenges in implementing new digital services.
We also refer to IoT / Industry 4.0 terminology, market developments, factors and drivers, IoT platform components, but also to the differentiation and similarities of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.
Using various application examples, we will outline the range of DELL Technologies offerings.
Here, however, we remain at an overview level for the first time without paying attention to the details of the deployable DELL-EMC products and solutions.
We would continue this in downstream discussions depending on the identified topic segment.
Choose the right IIoT connectivity solution using guidance from the IIC's Connectivity Framework document. Present at RIoT Labs lunch and learn in July 2017 by John Breitenbach, RTI FAE.
Global Technology Governance Report 2021: Harnessing Fourth Industrial Revolu...Prachyanun Nilsook
Global Technology
Governance Report 2021:
Harnessing Fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies in a
COVID-19 World
In Collaboration
with Deloitte
I N S I G H T R E P O R T
D E C E M B E R 2 0 2 0
Evolution of the industrial revolution, market realities and challenges of industry 3.0, and the market developments leading to industry 4.0, the technologies that are marking Industry 4.0 possible, some case studies of how companies have benefited by moving to industry 4.0, and why this is a need for the future for every industry.
Seminar Participants Will Learn:
1. How to develop digital strategies for IIoT projects
2. How to advance my STEM career in the global digital economy
3. How to identify key requirements in IIoT for business leadership
4. What career opportunities are available in IIoT
5. How to measure the success and value of IIoT adoption and practices
As early as the end of 2012, General Electric proposed that industrial equipment should be integrated with IT technology.
In 2013, General Electric officially introduced the concept of the Industrial Internet of Things revolution. This is also the first time that the Industrial Internet of Things has been formally proposed.
A History of IIoT Cyber-Attacks & Checklist for Implementing Security [Infogr...GlobalSign
The Industrial Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0, is improving operational efficiencies for global industrial systems on a scale never seen before. The IIoT holds great potential for improved communications, productivity, quality control, supply chain efficiencies and overall business operations. With this broader connectivity, comes new attack vectors, vulnerabilities and opportunities for hackers. We have created this infographic to show some of the top cyber-attacks in the industrial sector and how they could have been prevented. Now is the time to take our advice and prevent an attack on your business.
Read More: https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/industrial-internet-of-things-cyber-attacks-infographic/
As objects become embedded with sensors and gain the ability to communicate,
the new information networks promise to create new business models, improve
business processes, and reduce costs and risks. One such Model is the internet of
things. Sensors and actuators are embedded in physical objects from roadways to
pacemakers are linked through wired and wireless networks, often using the same Internet
Protocol (IP) that connects the Internet. Internet of Things has great potential to support
society, to improve energy efficiency and to optimize various kinds of mobility and
transport at the same time. However, the Internet of Things raises significant
challenges that could stand in the way of reaping its potential benefits. Pitfalls
concerning cyber security, theft and hacking of personal and financial data are the
ones that are making people agitated.
Electronic devices used at home, workplaces, in a neighbourhood or in a large
urban landscape are connected and provide data which is accumulated and analyzed
for the benefit of its users. The ability of a simple cell phone connecting to other
devices, sensors in public, to regulate traffic and other civic institutions, shows how
IoT has merged with data and analytics of data plays a key role and will continue to
do so in the future.
this is the basic slide for the introduction of Industry 4.0. how this works and what are the foundations required for the working of the indusry as it is taking globally a huge transformation.
The Industrial Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0, is improving operational efficiencies for global industrial systems on a scale never seen before. The IIoT holds great potential for improved communications, productivity, quality control, supply chain efficiencies and overall business operations. With this broader connectivity, comes new attack vectors, vulnerabilities and opportunities for hackers.
When you start to consider the various IIoT cyber-attacks and exploits in the last decade, the damages are startling. In our infographic below we’ve build out a timeline with real-life security incidents as a way to show the magnitude of threats. Of course many of these are exploits where a vulnerability was found and exposed by researchers and gained media attention. For example, the well-known Miller/Valasek Jeep hack chronicled by Wired Magazine and just this week the cybersecurity research duo was at it again, demonstrating the full consequences of a digital attack, had a security patch not been updated. The green spots on the timeline represent actual attacks carried out by malicious hackers, like the Target data breach, or most recently the Ukraine Power Grid hack that occurred in December, where hackers used stolen credentials to gain remote access to the grid and cut power to over 200,000 customers.
Manufacturing is essential for realizing all products and is an indispensable element of the innovation chain. Traditional manufacturing companies currently face several challenges such as rapid technological changes, inventory problems, shortened innovation, short product life cycles, volatile demand, low prices, highly customized products, and the ability to compete in the global markets. These challenges are compelling manufacturers to embrace new technologies such as the Internet of things. The Internet of things is the next big technological revolution. It is a system of smart enabled devices, from vacuum cleaners to cars. The manufacturing industry is leading in the adoption of IoT due to the fact that IoT has several applications in manufacturing. The industrial internet of things has boosted the productivity, security, and overall efficiency of various organizations. Manufacturing is the largest IIoT market. This paper provides several applications of IoT or IIoT in manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Applications of IoT in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49676.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/49676/applications-of-iot-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku
IoT Internet of Things , represents many kinds of devices in the field, connected to data centres via various networks, submitting data, and allow themselves to be controlled. Connected cameras, TV, media players, access control systems, and wireless sensors are becoming pervasive. Their applications include Retail Solutions, Home, Transportation and Automotive, Industrial and Energy etc. This growth also represents security threat, as several hacker attacks been launched using these devices as agents. We explore the current environment and propose a quantitative and qualitative trust model, using a multi dimensional exploration space, based on the hardware and software stack. This can be extended to any combination of IoT devices, and dynamically updated as the type of applications, deployment environment or any ingredients change. Karthik MV "Trust Modelling for Security of IoT Devices" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31573.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/31573/trust-modelling-for-security-of-iot-devices/karthik-mv
DELL Technologies - The IoT Value Chain - Solutions for the Smart World (Hand...Smarter.World
In this presentation we will introduce various aspects of the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and the associated challenges in implementing new digital services.
We also refer to IoT / Industry 4.0 terminology, market developments, factors and drivers, IoT platform components, but also to the differentiation and similarities of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.
Using various application examples, we will outline the range of DELL Technologies offerings.
Here, however, we remain at an overview level for the first time without paying attention to the details of the deployable DELL-EMC products and solutions.
We would continue this in downstream discussions depending on the identified topic segment.
Choose the right IIoT connectivity solution using guidance from the IIC's Connectivity Framework document. Present at RIoT Labs lunch and learn in July 2017 by John Breitenbach, RTI FAE.
Global Technology Governance Report 2021: Harnessing Fourth Industrial Revolu...Prachyanun Nilsook
Global Technology
Governance Report 2021:
Harnessing Fourth Industrial
Revolution Technologies in a
COVID-19 World
In Collaboration
with Deloitte
I N S I G H T R E P O R T
D E C E M B E R 2 0 2 0
Evolution of the industrial revolution, market realities and challenges of industry 3.0, and the market developments leading to industry 4.0, the technologies that are marking Industry 4.0 possible, some case studies of how companies have benefited by moving to industry 4.0, and why this is a need for the future for every industry.
Seminar Participants Will Learn:
1. How to develop digital strategies for IIoT projects
2. How to advance my STEM career in the global digital economy
3. How to identify key requirements in IIoT for business leadership
4. What career opportunities are available in IIoT
5. How to measure the success and value of IIoT adoption and practices
As early as the end of 2012, General Electric proposed that industrial equipment should be integrated with IT technology.
In 2013, General Electric officially introduced the concept of the Industrial Internet of Things revolution. This is also the first time that the Industrial Internet of Things has been formally proposed.
A History of IIoT Cyber-Attacks & Checklist for Implementing Security [Infogr...GlobalSign
The Industrial Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0, is improving operational efficiencies for global industrial systems on a scale never seen before. The IIoT holds great potential for improved communications, productivity, quality control, supply chain efficiencies and overall business operations. With this broader connectivity, comes new attack vectors, vulnerabilities and opportunities for hackers. We have created this infographic to show some of the top cyber-attacks in the industrial sector and how they could have been prevented. Now is the time to take our advice and prevent an attack on your business.
Read More: https://www.globalsign.com/en/blog/industrial-internet-of-things-cyber-attacks-infographic/
As objects become embedded with sensors and gain the ability to communicate,
the new information networks promise to create new business models, improve
business processes, and reduce costs and risks. One such Model is the internet of
things. Sensors and actuators are embedded in physical objects from roadways to
pacemakers are linked through wired and wireless networks, often using the same Internet
Protocol (IP) that connects the Internet. Internet of Things has great potential to support
society, to improve energy efficiency and to optimize various kinds of mobility and
transport at the same time. However, the Internet of Things raises significant
challenges that could stand in the way of reaping its potential benefits. Pitfalls
concerning cyber security, theft and hacking of personal and financial data are the
ones that are making people agitated.
Electronic devices used at home, workplaces, in a neighbourhood or in a large
urban landscape are connected and provide data which is accumulated and analyzed
for the benefit of its users. The ability of a simple cell phone connecting to other
devices, sensors in public, to regulate traffic and other civic institutions, shows how
IoT has merged with data and analytics of data plays a key role and will continue to
do so in the future.
this is the basic slide for the introduction of Industry 4.0. how this works and what are the foundations required for the working of the indusry as it is taking globally a huge transformation.
The Industrial Internet of Things, or Industry 4.0, is improving operational efficiencies for global industrial systems on a scale never seen before. The IIoT holds great potential for improved communications, productivity, quality control, supply chain efficiencies and overall business operations. With this broader connectivity, comes new attack vectors, vulnerabilities and opportunities for hackers.
When you start to consider the various IIoT cyber-attacks and exploits in the last decade, the damages are startling. In our infographic below we’ve build out a timeline with real-life security incidents as a way to show the magnitude of threats. Of course many of these are exploits where a vulnerability was found and exposed by researchers and gained media attention. For example, the well-known Miller/Valasek Jeep hack chronicled by Wired Magazine and just this week the cybersecurity research duo was at it again, demonstrating the full consequences of a digital attack, had a security patch not been updated. The green spots on the timeline represent actual attacks carried out by malicious hackers, like the Target data breach, or most recently the Ukraine Power Grid hack that occurred in December, where hackers used stolen credentials to gain remote access to the grid and cut power to over 200,000 customers.
Manufacturing is essential for realizing all products and is an indispensable element of the innovation chain. Traditional manufacturing companies currently face several challenges such as rapid technological changes, inventory problems, shortened innovation, short product life cycles, volatile demand, low prices, highly customized products, and the ability to compete in the global markets. These challenges are compelling manufacturers to embrace new technologies such as the Internet of things. The Internet of things is the next big technological revolution. It is a system of smart enabled devices, from vacuum cleaners to cars. The manufacturing industry is leading in the adoption of IoT due to the fact that IoT has several applications in manufacturing. The industrial internet of things has boosted the productivity, security, and overall efficiency of various organizations. Manufacturing is the largest IIoT market. This paper provides several applications of IoT or IIoT in manufacturing. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Uwakwe C. Chukwu | Abayomi Ajayi-Majebi | Sarhan M. Musa "Applications of IoT in Manufacturing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49676.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/49676/applications-of-iot-in-manufacturing/matthew-n-o-sadiku
INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BRAZIL'S INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTFaga1939
This article aims to present how Industry 4.0 works and how to make its introduction in Brazil a reality. The 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of so-called cyber-physical production systems, in which intelligent sensors inform machines how their activities should be processed. Processes must be governed in a decentralized modular system. Smart production systems begin to work together, communicating wirelessly, either directly or through an Internet "cloud" (Internet of Things or IoT). Rigid centralized factory control systems are now giving way to decentralized intelligence, with machine-to-machine (M2M) communication on the factory floor. While Industry 4.0 is under development, especially in the most advanced capitalist countries, unfortunately, Brazilian industry is lagging behind and is still largely in the transition from what would be Industry 2.0 of the 2nd Industrial Revolution to Industry 3.0 of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. This technological delay in Brazilian industry is one of the factors that contribute to the deindustrialization of Brazil and the loss of its industrial competitiveness. We will need, more than ever, for the Lula government to be able to plan the modernization of Brazil's industry and the country's academic and research institutions to reindustrialize Brazilian industry with the development of Industry 4.0.
Insights on the internet of things: past, present, and future directionsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The internet of things (IoT) is rapidly expanding and improving operations in a wide range of real-world applications, from consumer IoT and enterprise IoT to manufacturing and industrial IoT (IIoT). Consumer markets, wearable devices, healthcare, smart buildings, agriculture, and smart cities are just a few examples. This paper discusses the current state of the IoT ecosystem, its primary applications and benefits, important architectural stages, some of the problems and challenges it faces, and its future. This paper explains how an appropriate IoT architecture that saves data, analyzes it, and recommends corrective action improves the process’s ground reality. The IoT system architecture is divided into three layers: device, gateway, and platform. This then cascades into the four stages of the IoT architectural layout: sensors and actuators; gateways and data acquisition systems; edge IT data processing; and datacenter and cloud, which use high-end apps to collect data, evaluate it, process it, and provide remedial solutions. This elegant combination provides excellent value in automatic action. In the future, IoT will continue to serve as the foundation for many technologies. Machine learning will become more popular in the coming years as IoT networks take center stage in a variety of industries
Analysis on IoT Challenges, Opportunities, Applications and Communication ModelsINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Internet of Things (IoT) is a novel communication standard and it is researcher’s preferred topic, which integrates heterogeneous systems seamlessly. Designing a universal architecture for IoT is a challenging task due to the integration of wide variety of the devices. The main objective of this paper is to provide comprehensive knowledge on challenges, applications, Security issues, and different communication models of IoT. This paper also focuses on the marketing trends of IoT with respect to variety of application with the end users. This motivates the researchers to contribute more productive work in this field by analyzing various parameters.
Industrial IoT: The Essentials of Implementing a SolutionNoman Shaikh
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a relatively new idea that has the potential to offer value to any industrial organisation that decides to embrace it. Due to the newness of IoT in industrial operations, there has been a rise in cost and maturity in terms of data processing, as well as just a few deployments.
Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, which has been introduced by German government in 2012 [1], which is depends on the integration of different categories of electrical and electronic devices, from personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, machinery robotics and enterprise resource planning systems, which can be integrated together and communicated with others to analyse the optimal criteria of potential solutions for improving productivity via internet [2]. however, the requirements of the new technology will force the old technology to retired. which will will force the big companies to change the specification of the industrial components to keep up with the latest processors. Ultimately, the goal of Industry 4.0 is to produce smarter and resource-efficient factories which are more productive and competitive says Mika Lomax [3]. Which mean that the Devices are getting smarter. "Not only does the IIoT enable real-time monitoring on smartphones and via emails, but, in plants, everyone has LCDs (liquid-crystal displays), TV screens and marquees showing the production staff useful information," says Kumar. "The technology in the modern HMI, including drivers and connectivity, is moving to message displays and marquees. This will enable programming and monitoring in these smart displays. Technology is pushing PLC and HMI functionality to text displays and it will all be connected to the IIoT."[4] The characteristics of high-technology industries include steady order quantities, standardized product features and high product value [3].
Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and deployment of Internet technologies
in manufacturing. This includes using machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments to help
manufacturers implement increased automation, improved communication and process monitoring. This trend
of Industry 4.0 (sometimes referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution) affects most processes and people
throughout society. This paper provides a brief introduction to Industry 4.0.
A Platter of Insights on Navigating IoT TrendsTechugo
Savor a comprehensive platter of insights into navigating IoT trends. Explore the dynamic landscape of Internet of Things technology, from smart devices to data analytics. Elevate your understanding of how IoT innovations are reshaping industries, optimizing operations, and offering unparalleled connectivity, setting the stage for a future powered by seamless digital integration.
A survey on Internet of Things (IoT) security : Challenges and Current statusvivatechijri
When Internet of Things (IoT) applications become a part of people’s daily life, security issues in IoT have caught substantial attention in both academia and industry. Compared to traditional computing systems, IoT systems have more inherent vulnerabilities, and in the intervening time, could have higher security requirements. However, the current design of IoT does not successfully address the higher security requirements postured by those vulnerabilities. Many recent attacks on IoT systems have shown that novel security solutions are needed to defend this emerging system. This paper purposes to examine security challenges resulted from the special characteristics of the IoT systems and the new features of the IoT applications. This could help pave the road to better security solution design. Furthermore, three architectural security designs are suggested and analyzed. Examples of how to implement these designs are discussed. Finally, for each layer in IoT architecture, open issues are also identified.
Similar to IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0 (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was so severe and fatal
that not a few went out of business. The heavy burden is borne by MSME actors due to social restrictions imposed by the
government, the declining purchasing power of the people, a product that continues to decline until capital runs out. Plus
inadequate knowledge in carrying out marketing strategies and product innovations are the main trigger for the lack of
enthusiasm for MSME actors as well as bankruptcy. MSME digitalization-based e-commerce is an opportunity and the right
solution in dealing with the obstacles caused by the impact of Covid-19, as well as a challenge for MSME actors to design old
ways in new ways through digital business.
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context of Industry 4.0
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.6.9
61 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context
of Industry 4.0
W.D. Madhuka Priyashan1
and Navod Neranjan Thilakarathne2
1
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Ruhuna, SRI LANKA
2
Lecturer, Department of ICT, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo, SRI LANKA
1
Corresponding Author: madhuka.p@mme.ruh.ac.lk
ABSTRACT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a hype topic for
nearly a decade now. Broadly growing, millions of devices get
direct access to the Internet provides plenty of applications
such as smart homes or mobile health management. This
trend can also be found in the industry where IoT
components hardened for these environments are introduced,
called Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices which can be either
sensors or actors, as well as mobile equipment such as
smartphones, tablets, and smart glasses. Consequently,
mobile communication becomes universal in smart factories.
IIoT devices provide massive data on temperature, pressure,
machine states, etc. But still, most of the SME level industries
in the Asian region are new to these technological
advancements. They still operate their facilities ith
conventional setups without absorbing the new opportunities
which are presented by IoT.
In the plastic injection molding industry, process
parameters perform a significant role in the quality of the
output product. During the manufacturing process, these
process parameters have to deal with various factors such as
quality and type of materials, requirement tolerance levels of
the output product, Environmental conditions like
temperature and humidity, etc. Injection molding has been a
challenging process for many SME level manufacturers to
produce products while meeting the quality requirements at
the lowest cost. Most of them are unable to reach the global
market in the injection molding industry due to the non-
availability of the proper methods to determine the process
parameters for injection molding. During production, quality
characteristics may differ due to drifting or shifting of
processing conditions caused by machine wear,
environmental change, or operator fatigue. By determining
the optimal process parameter settings productivity and
quality will increase while reducing the cost of production.
In this paper, we suggest an Industrial IoT
framework that can develop for small- and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) level industries to optimize their
production facility. With the presented framework SME level
industries can start to inherit IoT devices into their
production floor to manage and monitor production
parameters in real-time while improving the quality of the
production.
Keywords— Industry 4.0, Internet of Things (IoT),
Industrial IoT, IoT for SMEs
I. INTRODUCTION
From the first industrial revolution, the industry
was stepped into a new technological advancement during
every industrial revolution. From steam power systems in
Industry 1.0 to cyber-physical systems in Industry 4.0. [1].
The phenomenon of Industry 4.0 was first mentioned in
2011 in Germany as a proposal for the development of a
new concept of German economic policy based on high-
tech strategies [2].
The first industrial revolution was mostly driven
by water and steam power and it was inherited into
production plants by the end of the 18th century. At the
beginning of the 20th-century second industrial revolution
was begun with creating industries that are based on large
manpower and electrically powered machinery. And the
3rd industrial revolution came into the picture in the 1970s
and introduced automation, electronics, and internet
technology to the industries [3] [4]. The evolution of
industrial revolutions is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: The evolution of the industrial revolutions
Industry 4.0 is more focused on converting the
process map into a flexible, dynamic, and precise
production while integrating new technologies and
procedures [5]. The Industry 4.0 paradigm promotes the
connection of physical items such as sensors, devices, and
enterprise assets, both to each other and the Internet [6]
[7]. This concept enables cloud-based resources for the
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.6.9
62 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
production process and introduces online industrial
management capabilities. The integrated manufacturing
process consists of 3D printing, robotic automation, and
artificial intelligence (AI). Also, intelligent manufacturing
systems consist of the Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-
Physical Systems (CPS), and Augmented Reality [8].
The most significant elements of the Industry 4.0
concept are the ability of computer systems or software to
exchange and make benefit from information and
connectivity [4]. It is necessary to establish a continuous
flow of information between the devices and components,
Machine-To-Machine communication (M2M), and
vertically and horizontally integrated manufacturing
systems to obtain the above concepts. In this context
machines, production and factories can connect to the
internet and communicate with each other through
Industrial IoT. This process is mostly executed through
wireless communication methods [9]. As M2M
communication, Human-To-Machine communication is
still playing a vital role in the industry as some production
tasks are too unstructured to be fully automatized [10].
Collaborative robots are an uprising technology
that is very popular among researchers. These robots
aimed to change the way of execution of complex
unstructured tasks that are completely handled by human
workers. Before introducing collaborative robots all these
tasks were operated as fully manual operations [11]. A
large number of research efforts are going around the
world regarding collaborative robotics and the ways to
optimize production efficiency.
This paper is structured as follows. In Section II,
we offer an overview of the IoT and Industrial IoT. In
Section III, we discuss Injection molding and in Section IV
we present a discussion about related researches. In the
next section, we discuss an IoT framework for the SME
level injection molding industries. We finally conclude this
paper with an outlook on future research directions in
Section VI and including an acknowledgment in Section
VII.
II. INTERNET OF THINGS
The term Internet of Things (IoT) is now more
and more widely used. There is no common definition or
understanding today of what the IoT embraces. The origins
regarding the term date back more than 15 years and have
been attributed to the work of the Auto-ID Labs at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on
networked radio-frequency identification (RFID)
infrastructures [12]. IoT is a new concept that is very
quickly inheriting into the grounds of modern wireless
telecommunications [13].
The most significant effect of IoT in point of view
is the introduction of domestic fields in the subject,
supported living, health, industrial, social, agriculture, and
transportation. Home automation also rises in acquiring a
few instances of possible application scenarios and
achieved new model will be useful for the role of the IoT
in the near feature [14].
Similarly, from another perspective for business
users, the most obvious result will be the advancements of
communication and connectivity in between devices
incorporated, in such as industrial automation and logistic,
business management also for smart transportation of
assets and goods [15]. McKinsey global institute
announced by 2025 internet endpoint will touch every
physical thing around, furniture, cars, personal device and
more, it’s highlight future will be arisen by combined the
technology with the interactive of human environment and
extension distribution of the internet of things. “Smart”
objects will perform the main roles of the IoT vision in the
future [16] [17].
From the viewpoint of technology, the
implementation of a product that is interconnected
typically requires the incorporation of multiple software
and hardware components in a multilayer stack of IoT
technologies. A typical technology in an IoT stack is
usually formed with three main layers. starting from the
thing or device layer, the connectivity layer, and the IoT
cloud layer [18] as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: The 3-layer architecture of the Internet of
Things
At the connectivity layer, communication
protocols such as MQTT enable the communication
between the individual thing and the cloud. Device
communication and management software is used at the
IoT cloud layer, to communicate with, equipment, and
manage the connected things while an application platform
enables the development and execution of IoT
applications. At the device layer, IoT-specific hardware,
such as additional sensors, actuators, or processors can be
added to existing hardware components, and to control and
operate the functionality of the physical thing installed
software can be adjusted or newly integrated [19] [20].
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.6.9
63 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Furthermore, analytics and data management
software is applied to store, process, and analyze the data
generated by the connected things, and process
management software helps to define, execute and monitor
processes across people, systems, and things [21].
Sequentially, the IoT application software organizes the
intercommunication of people, systems, and things for a
given purpose. Besides, cutting across all layers, software
components manage identity and security aspects, as well
as the integration with business systems, such as ERP or
CRM, and with external information sources [22] [23].
III. INJECTION MOLDING
Injection molding is the most widely used
industrial method for the production of plastic parts. A
wide range of products is produced using injection
molding, which ranges considerably in scale, complexity,
and use. The injection molding process entails the use of
an injection molding unit, a raw plastic material, and a
mold. The plastic is heated in the injection molding
machine and then injected into the mold where it cools and
solidifies to the final component. The reason is that
success in this industry obviously depends on reliability,
speed, accuracy, providing suitable services, and having
superior technology, and those who fail to meet these
expectations would naturally lose their place in the market
[24] [25].
In plastic injection molding, the mold cooling
process plays a vital role. It is directly involved with the
efficiency of the machine and also with the quality of the
product [26]. As the temperature of the mold is adjusted
upwards the molded part cools more slowly and the cycle
time has to increase to allow the same degree of cooling
before the part is ejected. More slow cooling helps to relax
stress and to shrink amorphous and semi crystalline
molded plastic components as shown in Figure 3. Slower
cooling promotes a higher degree of crystallization in
semi-crystalline parts, which leads to higher shrinkage if
all other variables remain constant [27].
Figure 3: The relationship between mold temperature and
shrinkage
IV. PRIOR APPROACHES
Reference Year Description/ Findings
[28] 2017 This article introduces the
architecture and functional
framework of an IoT-based energy
management system (EMS) and
builds an index system for evaluating
the operational level of industrial
energy-intensive equipment.
[29] 2017 This study provided an account of the
latest developments in the application
of IoT to various supply chain
processes and areas of supply chain
management.
[30] 2017 This study proposes a framework for
the structural characteristics of a
smart factory that can derive the local
or global optimal solution for the
injection molding system and
accumulate know-how, which can be
used to anticipate future abnormal
symptoms.
[31] 2018 A concept for flexible smart
manufacturing using the technologies
of network services and 5G and
requirements and use cases are
introduced which allow for
performance measurements of the
5GTANGO system and SDN.
[32] 2018 This research proposes to bridge the
gap between overseeing AI
methodologies that are common and
lower-level process AI that will play
an important role in IIoT.
[33] 2018 This study proposed an intelligent
manufacturing system (IMS)
composed of three subsystems:
intelligent parameter optimization
system of PIM process, database
management system, and real-time
monitoring and control system.
[33] 2018 This research presented a good use of
Smartphone technology by providing
safety and secure traveling to the
traveler using a wrong path alert
mechanism.
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
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64 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
[34] 2018 This study proposed a system
framework to optimize the process
parameters of the injection molding
system.
[35] 2018 A novel methodology developed for
quantitative modeling of robustness
management in SIoT.
[36] 2019 This research applied a simulation-
based optimization method to cloud-
based data analytics.
[37] 2019 This study presented an overall
architecture of injection molding
machine cloud service (IMMCS)
configuration and its components.
[38] 2019 This study aimed to analyze the loads
from the injection molding process
on sensor-supported electronics. The
loads were determined both on the
printed circuit board (PCB) substrate
and the 28 assembled electronic
components.
[39] 2019 The Product, Process, Resource,
Energy (PPRE) data model for
retrieving data from several databases
was proposed to store data related to
the energy efficiency of the dyeing
process.
[40] 2019 This research investigated the
indexability of IoT data utilizing
metric and Ptolemaic indexing
approaches
[41] 2020 This study describes the initiatives
for the improvement of the quality,
estimation of the manufacturing
costs, customer requirements, and
optimization of the process should be
best understood by the manufacturing
industries to obtain the maximum
benefits.
Most of the IoT applications developed for the
injection molding machines were not addressed the mold
temperature controlling as it is one of the most important
parts of the injection molding process. The industrial
environment's temperature is fluctuating in a sinusoidal
pattern with time and this effect is more powerful than the
normal scenario in the industrial environment. In most of
the SME level plastic injection molding plants are
neglecting this effect and continue their production with a
constant temperature chilled water supply for their molds.
The fluctuation of the surrounding environment
temperature and the mold temperature throughout a day is
shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 describes the real scenario of
temperature fluctuation inside of a typical factory. The
heat transferring rate and direction between the mold and
the environment is changing with time because the
environmental temperature is fluctuating throughout the
day. Change of the heat transferring direction is shown in
Figure 5.
Figure 5: Fluctuation of the direction of heat transfer
between mold and environment
The proposed IoT framework is capable of
creating the infrastructure facilities which need to address
the mold cooling rate fluctuation with the changes in
environmental temperature. By deploying the proposed
system temperature of the chilled water can be controlled
to maintain a constant heat transfer rate from the mold to
provide even cooling for the injected part without affecting
the cycle time.
V. DEVELOPED IIoT FRAMEWORK
FOR A SME LEVEL CONVENTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL INJECTION MOLDING
SETUP
Figure 4: Temperature fluctation of mold and environment
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Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
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65 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
A scenario for the development of the IIoT
framework for an injection mold and a machine has been
developed at the Department of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering of the University of Ruhun
and Atlas Axillia Company Private Limited. In the
process, we planned to convert a conventional cold runner
injection mold into an IoT enabled tool.
In a typical injection molding set up, Three main
components can be identified as the injection molding
machine, injection mold, and individual chiller. Mold is
mounted on the injection molding machine and the
individual chiller is used to supply chilled water for the
cooling process of the mold. Material injection and
clamping are the only connections between the injection
machine and the mold. On the other side, a chiller is
connected with the mold to remove heat from the mold
plates to ensure the solidifying process of the plastic item
inside cavities. The temperature of the chilled water supply
from the chiller and flow rate is maintained constantly
throughout the total production time. This standalone
component setup is shown in Figure 6.
The injection molding machine and Chiller were
fully automated machines and they don’t require human
intervention during their operation. Injection mold was a
cold runner three plate mold which had 24 cavities and it
requires human intervention for removing ejected items
and runners. All these 03 pieces of equipment were
working independently without communicating with each
other. This setup is the same as the traditional scenario of
standalone automated machines introduced by Industry
3.0.
This prototype model was planned to develop by
using a microcomputer, Human Machine Interface (HMI),
and a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The
microcomputer was used to extract data from the system
and feed them into the cloud. An HMI was assigned to
fulfill the execution process to receive data from the cloud
and execute them through a PLC. Three software were
used in this framework including Mosquitto Broker [42],
Node-RED [43], and InfluxData Consent Manager
(InfluxDB) [44]. Inputs of the system are shown in Table 1
and the outputs of the system are shown in Table 2.
Table 1: Inputs of the system
Sensing
Characteristic
Input Signal
Environment
Temperature
MAX6675
K type temperature probe [45]
Mold Cavity Plate
Temperature
MAX6675
K type temperature probe
Chilled water inlet
temperature
MAX6675
K type temperature probe
Completion of Mold
Close
From Injection molding
machine control unit
Injection mold
machine running
condition
From Injection molding
machine control unit
Table 2: Outputs of the system
Action Output
Production count Node-RED Dashboard,
InfluxDB, and HMI (Haiwell
HMI C7S-W) [46]
Machine running
status
Node-RED Dashboard and
HMI (Haiwell HMI C7S-W)
Mold temperature Node-RED Dashboard,
InfluxDB, and HMI (Haiwell
HMI C7S-W)
Environmental
Temperature
Node-RED Dashboard,
InfluxDB, and HMI (Haiwell
HMI C7S-W)
Chilled water inlet
temperature
Node-RED Dashboard and
InfluxDB
Injection Machine
Stop function
PLC (Haiwell T16S2T) [47]
Chiller set temperature
variation
PLC (Haiwell T16S2T)
Chiller Start/ Stop
function
PLC (Haiwell T16S2T)
In this set-up, we planned to deploy 03
temperature sensors and 02 digital signal inputs as the
inputs for the system for the initial stage. Raspberry pi
module was proposed to handle the input side of this
Figure 6: Stansalone arrangement of the Injection Mold
Machine setup
6. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-10, Issue-6 (December 2020)
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66 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
framework and through a 4G LTE enabled WiFi
connection, it was connected with the cloud. Input data
were transferred using Message Queuing Telemetry
Transport (MQTT) publish-subscribe network protocol and
Eclipse Mosquitto broker to the cloud.
Both Amazon Web Services (AWS) Cloud
Compute Service and Google Cloud Console services were
compatible with the proposed framework. After
configuring the cloud computer, Mosquitto Broker, Node-
RED and influxDB software need to be installed. Then the
connection between the raspberry pi module and cloud
computer can establish using Mosquitto Broker. And the
received data can process using the Node-RED software
and store in a table using InfluxDB time-series database.
Also, all the real-time data can be displayed by using the
Node-RED dashboard.
For the execution side, we decided to use a PLC
by considering its robustness for the harsh environments
due to the machine environment and the difference
between the types of devices which is going to do the
execution part. We defined 03 main actions in the Node-
RED program and those commands transfer using MQTT
publish-subscribe network protocol. Those signals receive
by the HMI on the execution side through a 4G LTE WiFi
router and transfer to the PLC. Transferred signals will
execute once they transfer from the HMI. Besides this
HMI offers a graphical interface for real-time data and
manual over-ride commands for the operators to take
control of the system at any time. This feature provides the
reliability for withstanding this kind of a system in a
dynamic industrial environment. The proposed IoT
framework is shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7: Architecture of the proposed IoT network
Plant owners and higher management team can
access the real-time data of the equipment by accessing the
Node-RED dashboards and InfluxDB from anywhere in
the world. Higher management can take accurate decisions
and apply modifications to the production floor with real-
time data. And the reduction in the clerical staff and
paperwork will boost the smoothness of the operations and
transparency of the organization. This framework is
enabling this feature for SME level industries at a
reasonable cost using this reliable IoT framework.
VI. CONCLUSION
This article described the significance of the
Internet of Things and Services and their importance for
SME level industries to withstand in future industrial
environments. It illustrated that Industry 4.0 has already
been started and will affect our life and the future business
model expressly. SME level industries can step into a new
level by Integrating IoT fundamentals into their production
process. And it will be essential for every industry in the
near future because no one will survive stand-alone
without connecting with the new technological
advancements. It demonstrated the importance of Industry
4.0 and new opportunities within an application that is
realized for an industrial injection molding machine with
minimal expertise knowledge and investment. The future
works concentrate on the realization of a distributed
remote application based on software agents and research
on the significance of controlling mold temperature
concerning the environmental temperature and propose a
best controlling method (Fuzzy or PID).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully thank Mr. Eranda Amila
and Mr. Dayan Harsha for the support given by allocating
space to work with injection molding machines and
providing required HMI and PLC units while sharing their
knowledge.
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