This article aims to present how Industry 4.0 works and how to make its introduction in Brazil a reality. The 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of so-called cyber-physical production systems, in which intelligent sensors inform machines how their activities should be processed. Processes must be governed in a decentralized modular system. Smart production systems begin to work together, communicating wirelessly, either directly or through an Internet "cloud" (Internet of Things or IoT). Rigid centralized factory control systems are now giving way to decentralized intelligence, with machine-to-machine (M2M) communication on the factory floor. While Industry 4.0 is under development, especially in the most advanced capitalist countries, unfortunately, Brazilian industry is lagging behind and is still largely in the transition from what would be Industry 2.0 of the 2nd Industrial Revolution to Industry 3.0 of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. This technological delay in Brazilian industry is one of the factors that contribute to the deindustrialization of Brazil and the loss of its industrial competitiveness. We will need, more than ever, for the Lula government to be able to plan the modernization of Brazil's industry and the country's academic and research institutions to reindustrialize Brazilian industry with the development of Industry 4.0.
“The future of the Industry” was the subject of our conference at the Industria Post Covid Conference Cycle for the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Tamaulipas on 26/03/2021 at the invitation of the Sociedad Estudantil de Ingenieria Industrial de Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The following article presents the content of our conference.
this is the basic slide for the introduction of Industry 4.0. how this works and what are the foundations required for the working of the indusry as it is taking globally a huge transformation.
IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context of Ind...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a hype topic for nearly a decade now. Broadly growing, millions of devices get direct access to the Internet provides plenty of applications such as smart homes or mobile health management. This trend can also be found in the industry where IoT components hardened for these environments are introduced, called Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices which can be either sensors or actors, as well as mobile equipment such as smartphones, tablets, and smart glasses. Consequently, mobile communication becomes universal in smart factories. IIoT devices provide massive data on temperature, pressure, machine states, etc. But still, most of the SME level industries in the Asian region are new to these technological advancements. They still operate their facilities ith conventional setups without absorbing the new opportunities which are presented by IoT.
In the plastic injection molding industry, process parameters perform a significant role in the quality of the output product. During the manufacturing process, these process parameters have to deal with various factors such as quality and type of materials, requirement tolerance levels of the output product, Environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, etc. Injection molding has been a challenging process for many SME level manufacturers to produce products while meeting the quality requirements at the lowest cost. Most of them are unable to reach the global market in the injection molding industry due to the non-availability of the proper methods to determine the process parameters for injection molding. During production, quality characteristics may differ due to drifting or shifting of processing conditions caused by machine wear, environmental change, or operator fatigue. By determining the optimal process parameter settings productivity and quality will increase while reducing the cost of production.
In this paper, we suggest an Industrial IoT framework that can develop for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) level industries to optimize their production facility. With the presented framework SME level industries can start to inherit IoT devices into their production floor to manage and monitor production parameters in real-time while improving the quality of the production.
The presentation describes the fourth industrial revolution and the basic technologies associated with this revolution. This ppt is been made by me to present it during the course of an internship in 2020.
Find out what is Industry 4.0 by exploring the historical revolution of Industries. Also explore the principles, goal and components of industry 4.0. This article will help you to find the benefits and biggest challenges in participating fourth industrial revolution industry 4.0
“The future of the Industry” was the subject of our conference at the Industria Post Covid Conference Cycle for the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Tamaulipas on 26/03/2021 at the invitation of the Sociedad Estudantil de Ingenieria Industrial de Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The following article presents the content of our conference.
this is the basic slide for the introduction of Industry 4.0. how this works and what are the foundations required for the working of the indusry as it is taking globally a huge transformation.
IIoT Framework for SME level Injection Molding Industry in the Context of Ind...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a hype topic for nearly a decade now. Broadly growing, millions of devices get direct access to the Internet provides plenty of applications such as smart homes or mobile health management. This trend can also be found in the industry where IoT components hardened for these environments are introduced, called Industrial IoT (IIoT) devices which can be either sensors or actors, as well as mobile equipment such as smartphones, tablets, and smart glasses. Consequently, mobile communication becomes universal in smart factories. IIoT devices provide massive data on temperature, pressure, machine states, etc. But still, most of the SME level industries in the Asian region are new to these technological advancements. They still operate their facilities ith conventional setups without absorbing the new opportunities which are presented by IoT.
In the plastic injection molding industry, process parameters perform a significant role in the quality of the output product. During the manufacturing process, these process parameters have to deal with various factors such as quality and type of materials, requirement tolerance levels of the output product, Environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, etc. Injection molding has been a challenging process for many SME level manufacturers to produce products while meeting the quality requirements at the lowest cost. Most of them are unable to reach the global market in the injection molding industry due to the non-availability of the proper methods to determine the process parameters for injection molding. During production, quality characteristics may differ due to drifting or shifting of processing conditions caused by machine wear, environmental change, or operator fatigue. By determining the optimal process parameter settings productivity and quality will increase while reducing the cost of production.
In this paper, we suggest an Industrial IoT framework that can develop for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) level industries to optimize their production facility. With the presented framework SME level industries can start to inherit IoT devices into their production floor to manage and monitor production parameters in real-time while improving the quality of the production.
The presentation describes the fourth industrial revolution and the basic technologies associated with this revolution. This ppt is been made by me to present it during the course of an internship in 2020.
Find out what is Industry 4.0 by exploring the historical revolution of Industries. Also explore the principles, goal and components of industry 4.0. This article will help you to find the benefits and biggest challenges in participating fourth industrial revolution industry 4.0
Pre-Covid (Novel Coronavirus), During and Post-Covid has changed everything from thinking to doing. “Smart Factory” is the basic principle of Industry 4.0 wherein new technology allowing the fusion of physical world and the digital world. Industry 4.0 encompasses the various transformations we’re experiencing in modern manufacturing process and industry landscape as a whole. Artificial Intelligent, Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality, Internet of Things (IoTs), Cloud Computing and Cognitive Computing have created one system to coordinate, communicate and connect Man, Machine and Method remotely.
Here, Industry 4.0 or Manufacturing 4.0 is the amalgamation of IT, ICT and Manufacturing operations. Data is a valuable asset in digital revolution and this has inspired a vision to the manufacturing industry to create a data space as a trusted field for the exchange of information across company boundaries that helps to ease the overall manufacturing and business operations.
The term Industry 4.0 methods were restored at Hannover Messe in 2011 by the working gathering which displayed directions to the German Government on Guidelines and suggestion for Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is the Fourth Industrial Revolution where Cloud Computing, Cyber-Physical Systems, Cognitive Computing, Internet of Things, Robotic Automation, Connected Machines are changing over manufacturing plants into Smart Production Systems.
Informed Manufacturing: The Next Industrial RevolutionCognizant
" 'Intelligent machines' enable people, processes, products and infrastructure to seamlessly coordinate, creating cost-efficient finished goods on time, that meet, if not exceed customer expectations"
The over view of Industry 4.0 which is also known as fourth industrial revolution or smart factory, with the combination of advanced technologies like IoT, automation, cloud computing , edge computing, analytics and artificial intelligence
Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, which has been introduced by German government in 2012 [1], which is depends on the integration of different categories of electrical and electronic devices, from personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, machinery robotics and enterprise resource planning systems, which can be integrated together and communicated with others to analyse the optimal criteria of potential solutions for improving productivity via internet [2]. however, the requirements of the new technology will force the old technology to retired. which will will force the big companies to change the specification of the industrial components to keep up with the latest processors. Ultimately, the goal of Industry 4.0 is to produce smarter and resource-efficient factories which are more productive and competitive says Mika Lomax [3]. Which mean that the Devices are getting smarter. "Not only does the IIoT enable real-time monitoring on smartphones and via emails, but, in plants, everyone has LCDs (liquid-crystal displays), TV screens and marquees showing the production staff useful information," says Kumar. "The technology in the modern HMI, including drivers and connectivity, is moving to message displays and marquees. This will enable programming and monitoring in these smart displays. Technology is pushing PLC and HMI functionality to text displays and it will all be connected to the IIoT."[4] The characteristics of high-technology industries include steady order quantities, standardized product features and high product value [3].
4 Reasons Industrial IOT is Advancing Manufacturing ProcessesSYSPRO
Identifying the business benefits is the first step to leveraging Industrial IoT-enabled processes for business growth. This presentation discusses the key advantages that manufacturers should consider
Understanding Industry 4.0:
Key Technologies
1. Internet of Things (IoT)
2. Big Data and Analytics
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
Impact on the Factory Floor
1. Enhanced Efficiency
2. Improved Quality Control
3. Predictive Maintenance
smart manufacturing is a term that is transforming the huge industry scenario. the works are basically done by the robots and all the system have been automated. so, a huge transformation in there in the employment. the pillars that are required for smart manufacturing is also explained.
Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and deployment of Internet technologies
in manufacturing. This includes using machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments to help
manufacturers implement increased automation, improved communication and process monitoring. This trend
of Industry 4.0 (sometimes referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution) affects most processes and people
throughout society. This paper provides a brief introduction to Industry 4.0.
RGBSI Industry 4.0 Whitepaper - 3.10.20.pdfkanyaakiran
1
INDIAN KARTING RACE
2
Imperial Society
of Innovative
Engineers
Presents
INDIAN KARTING RACE (IKR 2018)
3
INDEX
Topic Page Number
Part I – ADMINISTRATIVE RULES
1. Introduction 4-6
2. Registration Requirement 7-9
3. Driver’s Requirement 8
4. Kart Eligibility 9
5. Registration Process and Deadlines 10-12
Part II – JUDGING CRITERIA
1. Pre Virtual Round 13
2. Virtual Round 13-16
3. College level Technical Inspection 16
4. Deadline and Penalties 16
5. Web based Submission 16
6. Event Points 17
7. Award List 18
PART III – TECHNICAL RULES
Vehicle Categories 20
1. Chassis Design Restriction 21-25
2. Wheels and Tyres 25-26
3. Driver’s Compartment 26
4. Steering 28
5. Braking 28-30
6. Power Unit and Transmission 30-32
7. Safety Measurements 33-36
8. Bodyworks 36-37
9. Compulsory Advertisement 37
PART IV – DYNAMIC ROUND
1. Dynamic Round Registration 38
2. Briefings 38
3. Photo Session/ Media 38-39
4. Static Event 39-40
5. Dynamic Event 41-43
6. Flags 43-44
PART V – DRIVER’S HANDBOOKS
1. Driver’s Requirement 45
2. Driver’s Equipment 45-46
3. Code of Conduct during event 46-47
4
ADMINISTRATIVE RULEBOOK
1. Introduction:
1.1. About ISIE:
Imperial Society of Innovative Engineers are well known Society of India for organizing
Motorsports events, live projects based Industrial Training and Research and publication.
ISIE – India provides a platform to the students and professionals for development and
enhancement of their technical as well as managerial skills. We are developing platform
especially for engineering students where they can easily face real-time engineering
problems and find the best solution, especially in the sector of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.
ISIE - India is the India’s best platform for the engineering students to develop practical
skills. We believe in “Learning, Implementation, and Sharing”. The Society has a very strong
placement and consultancy wing that has an excellent network of the top companies.
Our core competencies include effective personalized industry based training and excellent
placements. ISIE is committed to the development in the field of renewable source of
energy; these are the best solution to save our environment and development of our
country. We are organizing Hybrid and Go Kart National and International event.
Our Accreditations:
Federation of Motor Sports Club of India (FMSCI) –
The FMSCI is recognized by the Government of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports as
the only National Sports Federation (NSF) for the promotion and governance of motorsports
in India. The FMSCI is also a long-standing member of the International Federations for
motorsports viz. Federation International de l' Automobile (FIA), Paris (four wheelers and
above) and Federation International de Motocyclisme (FIM), Geneva (2 and 3 wheeler
motorsports).
The FMSCI is also a member of the Indian Olympic Association. The FMSCI has a wide base
of affiliated member clubs spread across India.
ISO 9001:2008:
ISIE Awarded ISO 9001:2008 certifica
A presentation on the Industry 5.0 evolution which builds upon Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 to reintroduce the lost social, environment and human dimensions.
LA LOI DE L'ENTROPIE ET LA CONQUÊTE DE L'IMMORTALITÉ DE L'ÊTRE HUMAIN.pdfFaga1939
Cet article vise à analyser les possibilités d'atteindre l'immortalité humaine face à l'obstacle que représente la loi de l'entropie qui mesure le degré de désordre dans un système. L'entropie dans les systèmes biologiques, par exemple, s'explique lorsqu'un être vivant, lorsqu'il effectue un travail, une partie de la chaleur produite maintient son corps au chaud, mais une grande partie se dissipe dans l'environnement qui l'entoure, provoquant une grande fraction de l’énergie provenant de ses sources de combustible à transformer en chaleur. L'effet net du processus originel (diminution de l'entropie de l'être vivant) et du transfert d'énergie (augmentation de l'entropie dans l'environnement extérieur) est une augmentation générale de l'entropie de l'Univers. Tout le monde s’accorde à dire que grâce à l’entropie, le désordre de la vie se produit, les galaxies s’enfonçant dans des trous noirs, les étoiles se transformant en poussière de carbone, les moteurs de voitures et d’avions s’usant et vieillissant nous conduisant à la mort. En juin 2019, une équipe de scientifiques de l'Université technique de Munich et de l'Institut Max Planck de physique et de systèmes complexes a annoncé qu'une exception à cette règle universelle avait été trouvée dans le mystérieux monde quantique avec le phénomène de « quasi-particule » qui se produit. dans une série de cycles sans fin, les rendant en fait immortels. Ce fait continue de stimuler les discussions sur un ancien désir humain : l’immortalité du corps humain. Dans le passé, l’homme cherchait à vaincre la mort à travers les religions. À l’époque contemporaine, les gens ont commencé à croire qu’il serait possible de vaincre la mort grâce à l’utilisation de la science et de la technologie. L’année 2045 marquera le début d’une ère dans laquelle la médecine pourra offrir à l’humanité la possibilité de vivre une époque jamais vue dans l’histoire. Nous ne serons qu’à quelques pas de l’immortalité. Compte tenu de la rapidité des innovations, une personne née en 2050 aura 95 % de chances de vivre mille ans. Tous ces efforts visant à atteindre l’immortalité parviendront-ils à vaincre les forces imposées par la loi de l’entropie ? Dans quelle mesure l’immortalité des « quasi-particules » peut-elle contribuer à rendre les êtres humains immortels ? Dans quelle mesure la science et la technologie contribueront-elles à l’obtention de l’immortalité des êtres humains ?
THE LAW OF ENTROPY AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN BEING IMMORTALITY.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to analyze the possibilities of achieving human immortality in the face of the obstacle represented by the law of entropy that measures the degree of disorder in a system. Entropy in biological systems, for example, is explained when a living being, when performing work, part of the heat produced keeps its body warm, but a large part dissipates in the environment around it, causing a large fraction of the energy of its fuel sources are transformed into heat. The net effect of the original process (decrease in the entropy of the living being) and the transfer of energy (increase in entropy in the external environment) is a general increase in the entropy of the Universe. Everyone agrees that thanks to entropy, the disorder of life occurs, with galaxies sinking into black holes, stars turning into carbon dust, car and airplane engines wearing out and aging leading us to death. In June 2019, a team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Complex Systems announced that an exception to this universal rule had been found in the mysterious quantum world with the “quasi-particle” phenomenon that occurs in a series of endless cycles, making them, in fact, immortal. This fact continues to stimulate discussions about an ancient human desire: the immortality of the human body. In the past, man sought to overcome death through religions. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The year 2045 will mark the beginning of an era in which medicine will be able to offer humanity the possibility of living for a time never seen in history. We will be just a few steps away from immortality. Considering the speed of innovations, a person born in 2050 will have a 95% chance of living a thousand years. Will all this effort aimed at achieving immortality be able to overcome the forces imposed by the law of entropy? To what extent can the immortality of “quasi-particles” contribute to making human beings immortal? To what extent will science and technology contribute to the achievement of immortality for human beings?
More Related Content
Similar to INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BRAZIL'S INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Pre-Covid (Novel Coronavirus), During and Post-Covid has changed everything from thinking to doing. “Smart Factory” is the basic principle of Industry 4.0 wherein new technology allowing the fusion of physical world and the digital world. Industry 4.0 encompasses the various transformations we’re experiencing in modern manufacturing process and industry landscape as a whole. Artificial Intelligent, Augmented, Virtual and Mixed Reality, Internet of Things (IoTs), Cloud Computing and Cognitive Computing have created one system to coordinate, communicate and connect Man, Machine and Method remotely.
Here, Industry 4.0 or Manufacturing 4.0 is the amalgamation of IT, ICT and Manufacturing operations. Data is a valuable asset in digital revolution and this has inspired a vision to the manufacturing industry to create a data space as a trusted field for the exchange of information across company boundaries that helps to ease the overall manufacturing and business operations.
The term Industry 4.0 methods were restored at Hannover Messe in 2011 by the working gathering which displayed directions to the German Government on Guidelines and suggestion for Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 is the Fourth Industrial Revolution where Cloud Computing, Cyber-Physical Systems, Cognitive Computing, Internet of Things, Robotic Automation, Connected Machines are changing over manufacturing plants into Smart Production Systems.
Informed Manufacturing: The Next Industrial RevolutionCognizant
" 'Intelligent machines' enable people, processes, products and infrastructure to seamlessly coordinate, creating cost-efficient finished goods on time, that meet, if not exceed customer expectations"
The over view of Industry 4.0 which is also known as fourth industrial revolution or smart factory, with the combination of advanced technologies like IoT, automation, cloud computing , edge computing, analytics and artificial intelligence
Industry 4.0 or the fourth industrial revolution, which has been introduced by German government in 2012 [1], which is depends on the integration of different categories of electrical and electronic devices, from personal computers, smartphones, smartwatches, machinery robotics and enterprise resource planning systems, which can be integrated together and communicated with others to analyse the optimal criteria of potential solutions for improving productivity via internet [2]. however, the requirements of the new technology will force the old technology to retired. which will will force the big companies to change the specification of the industrial components to keep up with the latest processors. Ultimately, the goal of Industry 4.0 is to produce smarter and resource-efficient factories which are more productive and competitive says Mika Lomax [3]. Which mean that the Devices are getting smarter. "Not only does the IIoT enable real-time monitoring on smartphones and via emails, but, in plants, everyone has LCDs (liquid-crystal displays), TV screens and marquees showing the production staff useful information," says Kumar. "The technology in the modern HMI, including drivers and connectivity, is moving to message displays and marquees. This will enable programming and monitoring in these smart displays. Technology is pushing PLC and HMI functionality to text displays and it will all be connected to the IIoT."[4] The characteristics of high-technology industries include steady order quantities, standardized product features and high product value [3].
4 Reasons Industrial IOT is Advancing Manufacturing ProcessesSYSPRO
Identifying the business benefits is the first step to leveraging Industrial IoT-enabled processes for business growth. This presentation discusses the key advantages that manufacturers should consider
Understanding Industry 4.0:
Key Technologies
1. Internet of Things (IoT)
2. Big Data and Analytics
3. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
Impact on the Factory Floor
1. Enhanced Efficiency
2. Improved Quality Control
3. Predictive Maintenance
smart manufacturing is a term that is transforming the huge industry scenario. the works are basically done by the robots and all the system have been automated. so, a huge transformation in there in the employment. the pillars that are required for smart manufacturing is also explained.
Industry 4.0 refers to the current trend of automation and deployment of Internet technologies
in manufacturing. This includes using machine-to-machine and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments to help
manufacturers implement increased automation, improved communication and process monitoring. This trend
of Industry 4.0 (sometimes referred to as the 4th Industrial Revolution) affects most processes and people
throughout society. This paper provides a brief introduction to Industry 4.0.
RGBSI Industry 4.0 Whitepaper - 3.10.20.pdfkanyaakiran
1
INDIAN KARTING RACE
2
Imperial Society
of Innovative
Engineers
Presents
INDIAN KARTING RACE (IKR 2018)
3
INDEX
Topic Page Number
Part I – ADMINISTRATIVE RULES
1. Introduction 4-6
2. Registration Requirement 7-9
3. Driver’s Requirement 8
4. Kart Eligibility 9
5. Registration Process and Deadlines 10-12
Part II – JUDGING CRITERIA
1. Pre Virtual Round 13
2. Virtual Round 13-16
3. College level Technical Inspection 16
4. Deadline and Penalties 16
5. Web based Submission 16
6. Event Points 17
7. Award List 18
PART III – TECHNICAL RULES
Vehicle Categories 20
1. Chassis Design Restriction 21-25
2. Wheels and Tyres 25-26
3. Driver’s Compartment 26
4. Steering 28
5. Braking 28-30
6. Power Unit and Transmission 30-32
7. Safety Measurements 33-36
8. Bodyworks 36-37
9. Compulsory Advertisement 37
PART IV – DYNAMIC ROUND
1. Dynamic Round Registration 38
2. Briefings 38
3. Photo Session/ Media 38-39
4. Static Event 39-40
5. Dynamic Event 41-43
6. Flags 43-44
PART V – DRIVER’S HANDBOOKS
1. Driver’s Requirement 45
2. Driver’s Equipment 45-46
3. Code of Conduct during event 46-47
4
ADMINISTRATIVE RULEBOOK
1. Introduction:
1.1. About ISIE:
Imperial Society of Innovative Engineers are well known Society of India for organizing
Motorsports events, live projects based Industrial Training and Research and publication.
ISIE – India provides a platform to the students and professionals for development and
enhancement of their technical as well as managerial skills. We are developing platform
especially for engineering students where they can easily face real-time engineering
problems and find the best solution, especially in the sector of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.
ISIE - India is the India’s best platform for the engineering students to develop practical
skills. We believe in “Learning, Implementation, and Sharing”. The Society has a very strong
placement and consultancy wing that has an excellent network of the top companies.
Our core competencies include effective personalized industry based training and excellent
placements. ISIE is committed to the development in the field of renewable source of
energy; these are the best solution to save our environment and development of our
country. We are organizing Hybrid and Go Kart National and International event.
Our Accreditations:
Federation of Motor Sports Club of India (FMSCI) –
The FMSCI is recognized by the Government of India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports as
the only National Sports Federation (NSF) for the promotion and governance of motorsports
in India. The FMSCI is also a long-standing member of the International Federations for
motorsports viz. Federation International de l' Automobile (FIA), Paris (four wheelers and
above) and Federation International de Motocyclisme (FIM), Geneva (2 and 3 wheeler
motorsports).
The FMSCI is also a member of the Indian Olympic Association. The FMSCI has a wide base
of affiliated member clubs spread across India.
ISO 9001:2008:
ISIE Awarded ISO 9001:2008 certifica
A presentation on the Industry 5.0 evolution which builds upon Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 to reintroduce the lost social, environment and human dimensions.
Similar to INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BRAZIL'S INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT (20)
LA LOI DE L'ENTROPIE ET LA CONQUÊTE DE L'IMMORTALITÉ DE L'ÊTRE HUMAIN.pdfFaga1939
Cet article vise à analyser les possibilités d'atteindre l'immortalité humaine face à l'obstacle que représente la loi de l'entropie qui mesure le degré de désordre dans un système. L'entropie dans les systèmes biologiques, par exemple, s'explique lorsqu'un être vivant, lorsqu'il effectue un travail, une partie de la chaleur produite maintient son corps au chaud, mais une grande partie se dissipe dans l'environnement qui l'entoure, provoquant une grande fraction de l’énergie provenant de ses sources de combustible à transformer en chaleur. L'effet net du processus originel (diminution de l'entropie de l'être vivant) et du transfert d'énergie (augmentation de l'entropie dans l'environnement extérieur) est une augmentation générale de l'entropie de l'Univers. Tout le monde s’accorde à dire que grâce à l’entropie, le désordre de la vie se produit, les galaxies s’enfonçant dans des trous noirs, les étoiles se transformant en poussière de carbone, les moteurs de voitures et d’avions s’usant et vieillissant nous conduisant à la mort. En juin 2019, une équipe de scientifiques de l'Université technique de Munich et de l'Institut Max Planck de physique et de systèmes complexes a annoncé qu'une exception à cette règle universelle avait été trouvée dans le mystérieux monde quantique avec le phénomène de « quasi-particule » qui se produit. dans une série de cycles sans fin, les rendant en fait immortels. Ce fait continue de stimuler les discussions sur un ancien désir humain : l’immortalité du corps humain. Dans le passé, l’homme cherchait à vaincre la mort à travers les religions. À l’époque contemporaine, les gens ont commencé à croire qu’il serait possible de vaincre la mort grâce à l’utilisation de la science et de la technologie. L’année 2045 marquera le début d’une ère dans laquelle la médecine pourra offrir à l’humanité la possibilité de vivre une époque jamais vue dans l’histoire. Nous ne serons qu’à quelques pas de l’immortalité. Compte tenu de la rapidité des innovations, une personne née en 2050 aura 95 % de chances de vivre mille ans. Tous ces efforts visant à atteindre l’immortalité parviendront-ils à vaincre les forces imposées par la loi de l’entropie ? Dans quelle mesure l’immortalité des « quasi-particules » peut-elle contribuer à rendre les êtres humains immortels ? Dans quelle mesure la science et la technologie contribueront-elles à l’obtention de l’immortalité des êtres humains ?
THE LAW OF ENTROPY AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HUMAN BEING IMMORTALITY.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to analyze the possibilities of achieving human immortality in the face of the obstacle represented by the law of entropy that measures the degree of disorder in a system. Entropy in biological systems, for example, is explained when a living being, when performing work, part of the heat produced keeps its body warm, but a large part dissipates in the environment around it, causing a large fraction of the energy of its fuel sources are transformed into heat. The net effect of the original process (decrease in the entropy of the living being) and the transfer of energy (increase in entropy in the external environment) is a general increase in the entropy of the Universe. Everyone agrees that thanks to entropy, the disorder of life occurs, with galaxies sinking into black holes, stars turning into carbon dust, car and airplane engines wearing out and aging leading us to death. In June 2019, a team of scientists from the Technical University of Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Physics and Complex Systems announced that an exception to this universal rule had been found in the mysterious quantum world with the “quasi-particle” phenomenon that occurs in a series of endless cycles, making them, in fact, immortal. This fact continues to stimulate discussions about an ancient human desire: the immortality of the human body. In the past, man sought to overcome death through religions. In the contemporary era, people began to believe that it would be possible to overcome death through the use of science and technology. The year 2045 will mark the beginning of an era in which medicine will be able to offer humanity the possibility of living for a time never seen in history. We will be just a few steps away from immortality. Considering the speed of innovations, a person born in 2050 will have a 95% chance of living a thousand years. Will all this effort aimed at achieving immortality be able to overcome the forces imposed by the law of entropy? To what extent can the immortality of “quasi-particles” contribute to making human beings immortal? To what extent will science and technology contribute to the achievement of immortality for human beings?
A LEI DA ENTROPIA E A CONQUISTA DA IMORTALIDADE DO SER HUMANO.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as possibilidades de conquista da imortalidade do ser humano diante do obstáculo representado pela lei da entropia que mede o grau de desordem de um sistema. A entropia nos sistemas biológicos, por exemplo, se explica quando o ser vivo, ao realizar trabalho, parte do calor produzido conserva seu corpo aquecido, mas uma grande parte se dissipa no ambiente a seu redor, fazendo com que uma grande fração da energia de suas fontes de combustíveis seja transformada em calor. O efeito líquido do processo original (diminuição da entropia do ser vivo) e a transferência de energia (aumento de entropia no meio exterior) é um aumento geral na entropia do Universo. Todos concordam que graças à entropia, ocorre a desordem da vida, com as galáxias afundando em buracos negros, as estrelas virando poeira de carbono, motores de carros e aviões se desgastando e o envelhecimento nos encaminhando à morte. Em junho de 2019, uma equipe de cientistas da Universidade Técnica de Munique e do Instituto Max Planck de Física e Sistemas Complexos anunciou que foi encontrada uma exceção à esta regra universal no misterioso mundo quântico com o fenômeno das “quase-partículas” que ocorre numa série de ciclos intermináveis, tornando-as, de fato, imortais. O fato não deixa de estimular discussões sobre um milenar desejo humano: a imortalidade do corpo humano. No passado, o homem procurava superar a morte através das religiões. Na era contemporânea, passou-se a acreditar que seria possível vencer a morte com o uso da ciência e da tecnologia. O ano de 2045 marcará o início de uma era em que a medicina poderá oferecer à humanidade a possibilidade de viver por um tempo jamais visto na história. Estaremos a poucos passos da imortalidade. Considerando a rapidez das inovações, uma pessoa nascida em 2050 terá 95% de chance de viver mil anos. Todo este esforço voltado para a conquista da imortalidade será capaz de vencer as forças impostas pela lei da entropia? Até que ponto a imortalidade das “quase-partículas” poderá contribuir para tornar os seres humanos imortais? Até que ponto a ciência e a tecnologia contribuirão para a conquista da imortalidade dos seres humanos?
PEACE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND PALESTINE REQUIRES EXTREMISTS OUT OF POWER AND RESTR...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between Israel and Palestine. The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. It can be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other. Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist groups will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine. It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab countries. This means that there is an urgent need to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine, between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future. The time has come for humanity to promote the construction of world peace and to exercise control over its destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means of survival for the human species.
PAZ ENTRE ISRAEL E PALESTINA EXIGE EXTREMISTAS FORA DO PODER E REESTRUTURAÇÃO...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a necessidade de que extremistas israelenses e palestinos sejam colocados fora do poder e haja a reestruturação da ONU para que haja paz entre Israel e Palestina. A construção da paz só poderá acontecer na região da Palestina se o povo judeu em Israel e no mundo inteiro, bem como os palestinos repelirem politicamente os extremistas que exercem o poder em seus territórios e constituírem governos que busquem a conciliação entre os povos judeu e palestino. Pode-se afirmar que só há uma solução para o conflito entre Palestina e Israel: de um lado, Israel precisa aceitar a constituição do Estado palestino, buscar uma solução justa e negociada sobre Jerusalém e sobre o destino de refugiados palestinos e acabar com os assentamentos judeus na Cisjordânia e, de outro, os palestinos precisam reconhecer o Estado de Israel porque nem palestinos nem israelenses podem impor sua vontade um ao outro. Nem os extremistas de direita que governam Israel nem os grupos extremistas palestinos terão condições de impor sua vontade pela força das armas na Palestina. É pouco provável que o conflito entre palestinos e judeus seja solucionado na atualidade porque as instituições internacionais existentes não são capazes de construir uma saída negociada para o conflito entre estes dois povos e entre Israel, o Irã e os países árabes. Isto significa dizer que urge a reestruturação do sistema internacional para solucionar o conflito entre Israel e Palestina, entre Rússia e Ucrânia e todos os conflitos internacionais que venham a ocorrer no futuro. É chegada a hora da humanidade promover a construção da paz mundial e de exercer o controle de seu destino. Para alcançar estes objetivos, urge a reestruturação da ONU visando transformá-la em um governo democrático do mundo que se constitui no único meio de sobrevivência da espécie humana.
HOW TO OVERCOME DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD WE...Faga1939
This article aims to present the causes of depression and anxiety in individuals, which are considered the evils of the century, and the solutions that would allow them to be overcome. Depression and anxiety affect more than 300 million people worldwide. In Brazil, the disorder affects around 18.6 million individuals, according to data from PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), which corresponds to 9.3% of the population.
COMO SUPERAR A DEPRESSÃO E A ANSIEDADE NA VIDA DAS PESSOAS NO MUNDO EM QUE VI...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as causas da depressão e da ansiedade nos indivíduos, que são consideradas os males do século, e as soluções que permitiriam superá-las. A depressão e a ansiedade atingem mais de 300 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. No Brasil, o transtorno afeta cerca de 18,6 milhões de indivíduos, conforme dados da OPAS (Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde), o que corresponde a 9,3% da população.
HOW TO PLAN CITIES TO COPE WITH EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS.pdfFaga1939
This article aims to present what and how to do to promote cities planning capable of facing extreme weather events. Floods have been recurring in cities in several countries around the world, including Brazil. There is a drastic change in the Earth's climate thanks to global warming, which is contributing to the occurrence of floods in cities that are recurring in an increasingly catastrophic way in their effects. The floods that devastated some cities in western and southern Germany, Henan in China and London in England in 2021 and, currently, in Rio Grande do Sul demonstrate the vulnerability of highly populated areas to catastrophic floods. Water-related disasters caused worldwide losses of US$306 billion between 1980 and 2016. To cope with extreme weather events in cities, flood control must be carried out, which concerns all methods used to reduce or prevent the harmful effects of water action. Structural measures must be adopted with engineering works aimed at correcting and/or preventing problems arising from floods and non-structural measures which are those that seek to prevent and/or reduce the damage and consequences of floods, not through engineering works, but through the introduction of standards, regulations and programs that aim, for example, to regulate land use and occupation, implementation of alert systems and public awareness. The municipal government plays a fundamental role in preventing flooding, floods and floods in cities. To this end, a municipal development master plan must be drawn up that includes, among other measures, the adoption of solutions to minimize or eliminate the risks faced by the population, the systematic identification of risk areas in order to establish population settlement rules. Three bodies are essential in flood prevention actions in a municipality: 1) the municipal civil defense body; 2) the body responsible for the meteorological service responsible for reporting the climate forecast for the city and/or region; and, 3) community civil defense centers, which are people who work voluntarily in civil defense activities.
COMO PLANEJAR AS CIDADES PARA ENFRENTAR EVENTOS CLIMÁTICOS EXTREMOS.pdfFaga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o que e como fazer para promover o planejamento das cidades capaz de enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. Tem sido recorrente a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades em vários países do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Está havendo uma mudança drástica no clima da Terra graças ao aquecimento global que está contribuindo para a ocorrência de inundações nas cidades que se repetem de forma cada vez mais catastrófica em seus efeitos. As inundações que devastaram algumas cidades do oeste e do sul da Alemanha, Henan na China e Londres na Inglaterra em 2021 e, no momento, no Rio Grande do Sul demonstram a vulnerabilidade de áreas altamente populosas a enchentes catastróficas. Os desastres relacionados com a água causaram perdas mundiais de US$ 306 bilhões entre 1980 e 2016. Para fazer frente a eventos climáticos extremos nas cidades, é preciso que seja realizado o controle de inundações que diz respeito a todos os métodos usados para reduzir ou impedir os efeitos prejudiciais da ação das águas. Devem ser adotadas medidas estruturais com obras de engenharia visando a correção e / ou prevenção de problemas decorrentes de inundações e medidas não estruturais que são aquelas que buscam prevenir e / ou reduzir os danos e consequências das inundações, não por meio de obras de engenharia, mas pela introdução de normas, regulamentos e programas que visam, por exemplo, disciplinar o uso e ocupação do solo, implementação de sistemas de alerta e conscientização da população. A prefeitura municipal tem um papel fundamental no sentido de evitar alagamentos, enchentes e inundações nas cidades. Para tanto, deve elaborar um plano diretor de desenvolvimento municipal que contemple, entre outras medidas, a adoção de soluções para minimizar ou eliminar os riscos enfrentados pela população, a identificação sistemática de áreas de risco a fim de estabelecer regras de assentamento da população. Três órgãos são essenciais nas ações de prevenção a enchentes em um município: 1) o órgão municipal de defesa civil; 2) o órgão responsável pelo serviço de meteorologia responsável por informar a previsão do clima da cidade e/ou região; e, 3) os núcleos comunitários de defesa civil, que são pessoas que trabalham de forma voluntária nas atividades de defesa civil.
LES OBSTACLES QUI ENTRAVENT LE DÉVELOPPEMENT DU BRÉSIL À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAINE ...Faga1939
Cet article vise à démontrer que le gouvernement Lula est confronté à deux défis majeurs dans ses efforts pour promouvoir le développement économique et social du Brésil. Le premier défi, d'ordre économique, est représenté par les obstacles qui existent avec la politique de plafonnement des dépenses, malgré la flexibilité offerte par le cadre budgétaire et l'existence d'une Banque centrale indépendante, qui rendent le gouvernement brésilien incapable de coordonner ses politiques monétaires et fiscales, réaliser des investissements publics dans l'expansion de l'économie et obtenir la stabilité macroéconomique et, le deuxième défi, de nature politique, est représenté par les obstacles existant au Congrès national du fait qu'il ne dispose pas de majorité au parlement, ce qui empêche le gouvernement fédéral de mettre en pratique son projet de développement national et de répondre pleinement aux exigences sociales. Pour que les forces progressistes brésiliennes puissent réélire le président Lula lors des élections présidentielles de 2026 et obtenir une majorité parlementaire au Congrès national engagé en faveur du progrès politique, économique et social, le gouvernement Lula devra réussir sur le front économique, en promouvant l'expansion du l'économie, en augmentant de manière significative en générant des emplois et des revenus, en maîtrisant l'inflation et en répondant au maximum aux revendications sociales qui profitent avant tout aux populations mal desservies du pays. Les forces progressistes du Brésil doivent s'engager, dès les élections municipales de 2024, à élire le nombre maximum de maires et de conseillers engagés dans les avancées politiques, économiques et sociales du Brésil. Telles sont les conditions pour empêcher, en 2026, les extrémistes de droite de reconquérir la présidence de la République, d’élargir leur participation aux gouvernements des États et au Congrès national et de mettre en pratique leur infâme projet antisocial et antinational.
THE OBSTACLES THAT IMPEDE THE DEVELOPMENT OF BRAZIL IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA A...Faga1939
This article aims to demonstrate that the Lula government is faced with two major challenges in its effort to promote Brazil's economic and social development. The first challenge, of an economic nature, is represented by the obstacles that exist with the spending cap policy, despite the flexibility provided by the fiscal framework and the existence of an independent Central Bank, which make the Brazilian government unable to coordinate its fiscal and monetary policies, make public investments in the expansion of the economy and obtain macroeconomic stability and, the second challenge, of a political nature, is represented by the obstacles existing in the National Congress due to the fact that it does not have a majority in parliament, which prevents the federal government from putting its national developmental project into practice and fully meet social demands. For Brazil's progressive forces to re-elect President Lula in the 2026 presidential elections and obtain a parliamentary majority in the National Congress committed to political, economic and social advances, the Lula government will have to be successful on the economic front, promoting the expansion of the economy, increasing significantly generating jobs and income, keeping inflation under control and meeting the maximum social demands that benefit, above all, the country's underserved populations. Brazil's progressive forces need to commit, starting from the 2024 municipal elections, towards to elect the maximum number of mayors and councilors committed to Brazil's political, economic and social advances. These are the conditions to prevent, in 2026, right-wing extremists from regaining the Presidency of the Republic, expanding their participation in state governments and the National Congress and putting their nefarious anti-social and anti-national project into practice.
L'ÉVOLUTION DE L'ÉDUCATION AU BRÉSIL À TRAVERS L'HISTOIRE ET LES EXIGENCES DE...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de l’éducation au Brésil à travers l’histoire et les exigences de son développement futur. De 1500 jusqu'au XIXe siècle, l'éducation brésilienne s'est concentrée exclusivement sur la formation des classes supérieures, dans le but de les préparer aux activités politico-bureaucratiques et aux professions libérales, presque toujours en charge ou sous l'influence de l'initiative religieuse privée. La relation ombilicale entre l'Église catholique et la puissance coloniale portugaise s'est maintenue au Brésil même après son indépendance en 1822 pendant la période impériale et a pris fin avec la Proclamation de la République avec le divorce officiel entre l'Église et l'État. Au niveau des politiques publiques, plusieurs tentatives de réforme éducative de la part du gouvernement central républicain ont fini par perpétuer le modèle éducatif hérité de la période coloniale. La première LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) de l’histoire de l’éducation brésilienne n’a pas brisé le binôme d’élitisme et d’exclusion qui s’était manifesté dans l’éducation brésilienne depuis la période coloniale. La LDB de 1961 a permis la cohabitation entre écoles publiques et privées. Cette situation éducative en vigueur au Brésil dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle a suscité une critique acerbe de la part de Paulo Freire. En 1982, des projets éducatifs alternatifs à l'enseignement technique imposé par la dictature militaire ont émergé, comme ce qui s'est passé à Rio de Janeiro sous le gouvernement de Leonel Brizola, qui a mis en œuvre les soi-disant CIEP (Centres intégrés d'éducation publique), qui étaient des écoles à temps plein. Mais ces expériences éducatives adoptées de manière autonome et conformément aux corrélations de forces qui s’établissaient entre les tendances pédagogiques existantes étaient destinées à être de courte durée, comme cela s’est effectivement produit. Avec la fin de la dictature militaire au Brésil, la dernière décennie du XXe siècle a été marquée par l'adoption du modèle économique néolibéral qui a porté préjudice aux politiques publiques, notamment éducatives, car il a permis la croissance du secteur privé, principalement dans le contexte de l'enseignement supérieur, tandis que dans les écoles publiques, l'enseignement est devenu encore plus inefficace, une situation qui perdure aujourd'hui. Mais aujourd'hui, l'exclusion des classes populaires a eu lieu parce que l'école publique ne garantit pas l'apprentissage effectif des connaissances essentielles requises par la société brésilienne. De ce qui précède, on peut conclure qu’il reste encore une tâche majeure à accomplir pour la société brésilienne contemporaine : la consolidation effective d’écoles publiques, laïques et de qualité pour tous. À l'époque contemporaine, il est urgent de promouvoir une révolution dans le système éducatif brésilien, ce qui est devenu nécessaire parce que les mauvaises performances du système éducatif brésilien.
THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION IN BRAZIL THROUGHOUT HISTORY AND THE REQUIREMENTS ...Faga1939
This article aims to present the evolution of education in Brazil throughout history and the requirements for its future development. From 1500 until the 19th century, Brazilian education focused exclusively on training the upper classes, with the aim of preparing them for political-bureaucratic activities and liberal professions, almost always in charge of or under the influence of private religious initiative. The umbilical relationship between the Catholic Church and the Portuguese colonial power was maintained in Brazil even after its independence in 1822 during the imperial period and came to an end with the Proclamation of the Republic when there was an official divorce between Church and State. At the level of public policies, there were several attempts at educational reform by the republican central government that ended up perpetuating the educational model inherited from the colonial period. The first LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) in the history of Brazilian education did not break the binomial of elitism and exclusion that had manifested itself in Brazilian education since the colonial period. The LDB of 1961 made it possible for public and private schools to cohabit. This educational situation in force in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century had a scathing critic in Paulo Freire. In 1982, alternative educational projects emerged to the technical education imposed by the military dictatorship, such as what occurred in Rio de Janeiro during the government of Leonel Brizola, which implemented the so-called CIEPs (Integrated Centers for Public Education), which were full-time schools. But these educational experiences adopted autonomously and in accordance with the correlations of forces that were established between existing pedagogical trends were destined to be short-lived, as in fact happened. With the end of the military dictatorship in Brazil, the last decade of the 20th century was marked by the adoption of the neoliberal economic model that harmed public policies, in particular education, as it allowed the growth of the private sector, mainly in the context of higher education, while In public schools, teaching became even more inefficient, a situation that continues today. Now, however, the exclusion of the popular classes took place because the State school does not guarantee the effective learning of the essential knowledge required by Brazilian society. From the above, it can be concluded that there is still a major task to be resolved by contemporary Brazilian society: the effective consolidation of state, public, secular and quality schools for all. In the contemporary era, there is an urgent need to promote a revolution in Brazil's education system, which has become necessary because the poor performance of Brazil's education system results, among other factors, above all from insufficient investments in Brazilian education.
A EVOLUÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL AO LONGO DA HISTÓRIA E OS REQUISITOS PARA SE...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a evolução da educação do Brasil ao longo da história e os requisitos para seu futuro desenvolvimento. De 1500 até o século XIX, a educação brasileira voltou-se exclusivamente à formação das camadas superiores, no intuito de prepará-las para as atividades político-burocráticas e das profissões liberais quase sempre a cargo ou sob a influência da iniciativa privada religiosa. A relação umbilical entre a Igreja Católica e o poder colonial português foi mantido no Brasil mesmo após sua independência ocorrida em 1822 durante o período imperial e chegou ao fim com a Proclamação da República quando houve o divórcio oficial entre Igreja e Estado. Ao nível das políticas públicas, houve várias tentativas de reforma educacional por parte do governo central republicano que acabaram por perpetuar o modelo educacional herdado do período colonial. A primeira LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Brasileira) da história da educação brasileira não rompeu o binômio do elitismo e da exclusão que se manifestava na educação brasileira desde o período colonial. A LDB de 1961 possibilitou a coabitação da escola pública e da particular. Esta situação educacional vigente no Brasil da segunda metade do século XX teve em Paulo Freire um crítico contundente. Em 1982, surgiram projetos educacionais alternativos ao ensino tecnicista imposto pela ditadura militar, como o que ocorreu no Rio de Janeiro durante o governo de Leonel Brizola que implementou os chamados CIEPs (Centros Integrados de Educação Pública) que eram escolas de período integral. Mas essas experiências educacionais adotadas de forma autônoma e de acordo com as correlações de forças que se estabeleciam entre as tendências pedagógicas existentes estavam fadadas a ter vida curta como de fato aconteceu. Com o fim da ditadura militar no Brasil, a última década do século XX ficou marcada pela adoção do modelo econômico neoliberal que prejudicou as políticas públicas, em particular a educação, pois permitiu o crescimento do setor privado, principalmente no âmbito do ensino superior, enquanto na escola pública o ensino ficou ainda mais ineficiente, situação esta que se mantem até hoje. Agora, porém, a exclusão das classes populares se realizava porque a escola de Estado não garante a aprendizagem efetiva dos conhecimentos essenciais exigidos pela sociedade brasileira. Pelo exposto, conclui-se que ainda existe uma grande tarefa a ser resolvida pela sociedade brasileira contemporânea: a efetiva consolidação da escola de Estado, pública, laica e de qualidade para todos. Na era contemporânea, urge promover uma revolução no sistema de educação do Brasil, que se tornou necessária porque o péssimo desempenho do sistema de educação do Brasil resulta, entre outros fatores, sobretudo da insuficiência de investimentos na educação brasileira quando comparado com os investimentos em educação dos melhores sistemas de educação do mundo.
LA MONTÉE DE L'ÉDUCATION DANS LE MONDE DE LA PRÉHISTOIRE À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAIN...Faga1939
Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution de l’éducation dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle au XXIe siècle. Cet article représente la suite de la Partie 1 de l'article qui aborde l'évolution de l'éducation dans le monde de la Préhistoire au XVIIIe siècle. Le XVIIIe siècle a été un moment marquant dans l'histoire de l'humanité car c'est à cette époque que l'éducation était considérée comme un droit pour tous, qu'il y avait l'obligation de l'État de maintenir les écoles, le droit à l'enseignement public gratuit et la garantie que l'école publique n'était sous la domination d'aucune croyance religieuse (laïcité). La première révolution industrielle et la naissance des usines ont créé un espace pour l’émergence d’une institution scolaire publique moderne. L'influence catholique dans l'éducation a commencé à décliner. Au XVIIIe siècle, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, considéré comme le père de la pédagogie moderne, a contribué à l'éducation. La Révolution française de 1789 signifiait que l’intervention de l’État dans l’éducation traditionnellement confiée à l’Église catholique. La politique expansionniste de Napoléon a imposé en Europe des lignes directrices laïques, étatiques et civiles dans la réorganisation des systèmes éducatifs à partir de 1794. Au XIXe siècle naissent les pédagogies de Pestalozzi, ainsi que les pédagogies positiviste et socialiste. Au XXe siècle, le débat pédagogique impliquait deux courants théoriques majeurs : la Nouvelle École et la conception marxiste, la première identifiée au capitalisme et la seconde au socialisme. L'Escola Nova a été le mouvement pédagogique qui a eu la plus grande influence sur l'éducation au XXe siècle. Au XXe siècle, plusieurs innovations pédagogiques originales ont eu lieu dans les pays en développement, comme celle menée par Paulo Freire au Brésil. Au 21ème siècle, à l'ère contemporaine, l'enseignement ne se résume plus seulement en présentiel pour devenir également du non-présentiel ou partiellement en présentiel avec l'enseignement à distance (EAD). Le grand défi éducatif de l’avenir est de réaliser une vaste révolution dans l’enseignement, y compris la qualification des enseignants et la structuration des unités d’enseignement pour s’adapter aux besoins imposés par les progrès technologiques.
THE CLIMB OF EDUCATION IN THE WORLD FROM PREHISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORARY ERA (...Faga1939
This article aims to present how education evolved in the world from the 18th century to the 21st century. This article represents the continuation of Part 1 of the article that addresses the evolution of education in the world from Prehistory to the 18th century. The 18th century was a landmark moment in the history of humanity because it was at this time that education was considered a right for all, there was the State's obligation to maintain schools, the right to free public education and the guarantee that public schools was not under the control of any religious creed (secularism). The 1st Industrial Revolution and the birth of factories created space for the emergence of the modern public school institution. Catholic influence in education began to decline. In the 18th century, there was a contribution to education by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who is considered the father of modern pedagogy. The French Revolution of 1789 meant State intervention in education traditionally handed over to the Catholic Church. Napoleon's expansionist policy imposed secular, state and civil guidelines in Europe in the reorganization of education systems from 1794 onwards. In the 19th century, Pestalozzi's pedagogies emerged, as well as positivist and socialist pedagogies. In the 20th century, the educational debate involved two major theoretical currents: the New School and the Marxist conception, the first identified with capitalism and the second with socialism. The Escola Nova was the pedagogical movement with the greatest influence on education in the 20th century. In the 20th century, there were several original pedagogical innovations in developing countries, such as that carried out by Paulo Freire in Brazil. In the 21st century, in the contemporary era, education is no longer just face-to-face to also become non-face-to-face or partially face-to-face with distance learning (EAD). The great educational challenge of the future is to carry out a broad revolution in teaching, including the qualification of teachers and the structuring of teaching units to adapt to the needs imposed by technological advances.
A ESCALADA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO MUNDO DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA À ERA CONTEMPORÂNEA (Parte 2)...Faga1939
Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como a educação evoluiu no mundo do século XVIII ao século XXI. Este artigo representa a continuação da Parte 1 do artigo que aborda a evolução da educação no mundo da Pré-História ao século XVIII. O século XVIII foi um momento marcante na história da humanidade porque foi nesta época que a educação foi considerada como um direito de todos, houve a obrigação do Estado de manter escolas, o direito à educação pública e gratuita e a garantia de que a escola pública não estivesse sob o domínio de nenhum credo religioso (laicidade). A 1ª Revolução Industrial e o nascimento das fábricas gerou espaço para o surgimento da moderna instituição escolar pública. Começou a declinar a influência católica na educação. No século XVIII, houve contribuição à educação de Jean- Jacques Rousseau, que é considerado o pai da pedagogia moderna. A Revolução Francesa de 1789 significou a intervenção do Estado na educação tradicionalmente entregue à Igreja Católica. A política expansionista de Napoleão impõe na Europa a partir de 1794 orientações laicas, estatais e civis na reorganização dos sistemas de educação. No Século XIX, surgiram as pedagogias de Pestalozzi, bem como, as pedagogias positivista e socialista. No Século XX, o debate educacional envolveu duas grandes correntes teóricas: a Escola Nova e a concepção marxista, a primeira identificada com o capitalismo e a segunda com o socialismo. A Escola Nova foi a corrente pedagógica de maior influência na educação do século XX. No século XX, houve várias inovações pedagógicas originais nos países em desenvolvimento como a realizada por Paulo Freire no Brasil. No Século XXI, na era contemporânea, a educação deixou de ser apenas presencial para se tornar, também, não presencial ou parcialmente presencial com a educação a distância (EAD). O grande desafio de educação do futuro é realizar uma ampla revolução no ensino contemplando a qualificação dos professores e a estruturação das unidades de ensino para se ajustarem às necessidades impostas pelo avanço tecnológico.
LA MONTÉE DE L'ÉDUCATION DANS LE MONDE DE LA PRÉHISTOIRE À L'ÈRE CONTEMPORAIN...Faga1939
Cet article est le premier de deux articles traitant de l’essor de l’éducation dans le monde, de la Préhistoire à l’époque contemporaine. Cet article vise à présenter comment l'éducation a évolué dans le monde de la Préhistoire au XVIIIe siècle, tandis que le deuxième article vise à présenter comment l'éducation a évolué dans le monde du XVIIIe siècle au XXIe siècle. Deux périodes ont été considérées dans l'essor de l'éducation dans le monde (de la Préhistoire au XVIIIe siècle et du XVIIIe siècle à l'époque contemporaine), le XVIIIe siècle étant la frontière entre deux moments cruciaux dans le développement de l'éducation dans le monde. Le XVIIIe siècle a été un moment marquant dans l’histoire de l’humanité car c’est à cette époque que se sont produites l’indépendance des États-Unis, la Révolution française et la révolution industrielle en Angleterre, poussées par les Lumières en tant que mouvement intellectuel en opposition aux ténèbres du Moyen Âge dont les fondements reposaient sur les fondements de la raison et de l’empirisme. Comme cela ne pouvait manquer d'arriver, tous ces événements ont contribué aux progrès dans le domaine de l'éducation. Cet article analyse l'évolution de l'éducation dans la Préhistoire, dans l'Antiquité (du VIIIe siècle avant JC au Ve siècle après J.-C.), au Moyen Âge (du Ve siècle au XVe siècle) et à l'époque moderne (du XVe siècle au XVIIIe siècle). Le prochain article analysera l'évolution de l'éducation au XVIIIe siècle (1701 à 1800), au XIXe siècle (1801 à 1900), au XXe siècle (1901 à 2000) et au XXIe siècle (2001 à nos jours).
THE CLIMB OF EDUCATION IN THE WORLD FROM PREHISTORY TO THE CONTEMPORARY ERA (...Faga1939
This article is the first of two articles that address the rise of education in the world from Prehistory to the contemporary era. This article aims to present how education evolved in the world from Prehistory to the 18th century, while the second article aims to present how education evolved in the world from the 18th century to the 21st century. Two periods were considered in the rise of education in the world (from Prehistory to the 18th century and from the 18th century to the contemporary era), with the 18th century as the divider of two crucial moments in the development of education in the world. The 18th century was a landmark moment in the history of humanity because it was at this time that the Independence of the United States, the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in England occurred, driven by the Enlightenment as an intellectual movement in opposition to the darkness of the Middle Ages whose foundations were built on the foundations of reason and empiricism. As could not fail to happen, all these events contributed to advances in the field of education. This article analyzed the evolution of education in Prehistory, in Antiquity (8th Century BC to the 5th Century AD), in the Middle Ages (5th Century to the 15th Century) and in the Modern Age (15th Century to the 18th Century). The next article will analyze the evolution of education in the 18th Century (1701 to 1800), 19th Century (1801 to 1900), 20th Century (1901 to 2000) and 21st Century (2001 to the present).
A ESCALADA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO MUNDO DA PRÉ-HISTÓRIA À ERA CONTEMPORÂNEA (Parte 1)...Faga1939
Este artigo é o primeiro dos dois artigos que abordam a escalada da educação no mundo da Pré-História à era contemporânea. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como a educação evoluiu no mundo desde a Pré-história até o século XVIII, enquanto o segundo artigo tem por objetivo apresentar como a educação evoluiu no mundo do século XVIII ao século XXI. Foram considerados dois períodos na escalada da educação no mundo (da Pré-História ao século XVIII e do século XVIII à era contemporânea) tendo o século XVIII como o divisor de dois momentos cruciais no desenvolvimento da educação no mundo. O século XVIII foi um momento marcante na história da humanidade porque foi nesta época que ocorreu a Independência dos Estados Unidos, a Revolução Francesa e a Revolução Industrial na Inglaterra movidas pelo Iluminismo como um movimento intelectual em oposição às trevas da Idade Média cujas bases foram construídas sobre os alicerces da razão e do empirismo. Como não poderia deixar de acontecer todos estes acontecimentos contribuíram para que ocorressem avanços no campo da educação. Este artigo analisou a evolução da educação na Pré-História, na Antiguidade (Século VIII a.C. ao Século V d.C.), na Idade Média (Século V ao Século XV) e na Idade Moderna (Século XV ao Século XVIII). O próximo artigo analisará a evolução da educação no Século XVIII (1701 a 1800), Século XIX (1801 a 1900), Século XX (1901 a 2000) e Século XXI (2001 até o presente momento).
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INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BRAZIL'S INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. 1
INDUSTRY 4.0 AND BRAZIL
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to present how Industry 4.0 works and how to make its introduction in
Brazil a reality. In the history of humanity, there have been 3 industrial revolutions. The
4th Industrial Revolution occurs in the contemporary era. The 1st Industrial Revolution
occurred in the 18th century, which meant the introduction of the steam engine by James
Watt, which placed the textile industry as a symbol of the wealth-generating production
of the time, giving a leap in productivity and contributing to the expansion of capitalism.
The 1st Industrial Revolution lasted about 200 years (1712-1913). The 2nd Industrial
Revolution, which lasted around 60 years (1913-1969), was inaugurated when Henry
Ford created the mass production line with the concept of scale production, reducing costs
and popularizing the product. The 2nd Industrial Revolution is the revolution of Fordism,
electrification, mass production. The 3rd Industrial Revolution, which lasted around 40
years (1969-2010), was characterized by the automation of production processes with the
implementation of computers in the factory, placing electronic controls, sensors and
devices capable of managing a large number of production variables, allowing decision
making with autonomous control of devices, the impact of which was to increase product
quality, increase production, manage costs and increase production safety. The 3rd
Industrial Revolution is the silicon and electronics revolution that transformed industry.
The 4th Industrial Revolution is already underway with great support from the wave of
digitalization we are currently experiencing [1].
The 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of so-
called cyber-physical production systems, in which intelligent sensors inform machines
how their activities should be processed. Processes must be governed in a decentralized
modular system. Smart production systems begin to work together, communicating
wirelessly, either directly or through an Internet "cloud" (Internet of Things or IoT). Rigid
centralized factory control systems are now giving way to decentralized intelligence, with
machine-to-machine (M2M) communication on the factory floor. This is the vision of
Industry 4.0 of the 4th Industrial Revolution. In Industry 4.0, its fundamental basis is the
connection of machines and systems that allow companies to create intelligent networks
throughout the value chain that can control production modules autonomously. In other
words, smart factories will have the ability and autonomy to schedule maintenance,
predict process failures and adapt to requirements and unplanned changes in production.
The benefits provided by Industry 4.0 are the following: 1) Cost reduction; 2) Energy
saving; 3) Greater security; 4) Preservation of the environment; 5) Reduction of errors;
6) End of waste; 7) Transparency in business; 8) Increased quality of life; and, 9)
Unprecedented customization and scale [2].
The technologies used in Industry 4.0 are the following [3]:
1) Artificial Intelligence - This is an area of computing that allows machines and
equipment to learn from the activities carried out. In this way, they are able to improve
their skills, making the factory more productive and autonomous. Artificial Intelligence
makes machines collect, store and analyze data so that they recognize patterns and make
decisions on their own, without human interference.
2) Big Data - Much of industry 4.0 technologies involve the production and collection of
data. Thus, Big Data refers to storage in a secure database, in which information can be
analyzed by Artificial Intelligence to make decisions. To do this, specific analysis
software is used to collect and structure a large volume of data.
2. 2
3) Robotics - Robots in Industry 4.0 are mainly used in repetitive functions. Thus, actions
are carried out faster and more accurately than if they were carried out by people,
speeding up production and reducing costs and failures. They are also widely used in
dangerous and unhealthy activities. In this way, they increase the safety of the team of
employees and reduce health risks, in addition to reducing expenses with abstentions and
labor actions.
3) 3D Printing- One of the industry 4.0 technologies that attracts the most attention is 3D
printing, also known as “additive manufacturing”. Printers allow the creation of a physical
model from a project or a digital drawing. This technology has been increasingly used
because it allows the manufacture of customized parts to meet the demands of both the
factory and customers.
4) Cloud Computing- This involves storing data in the cloud. In this way, Cloud
Computing increases information security, in addition to saving physical space in
hardware systems. Another important point is that it allows remote access, that is, any
device (as long as it is authorized by management) can access the data, whether it is in
the factory or not.
5) Internet of Things - The Internet of Things (IoT) is a major milestone of the digital
era, as it enables connections between physical and virtual things. It is worth remembering
that connectivity is one of the pillars of industry 4.0. However, IoT not only connects
devices, it also enables them to process data and make decisions. To be considered an IoT
device, the resource must receive data through sensors, connect to a network, and process
the data without human interference.
6) Virtual and augmented reality - This type of technology simulates immersive
scenarios or adds information, such as graphics or images, to an environment. Therefore,
it is very useful in distance courses and training, in remote instruction on the maintenance
of equipment, among other activities.
It is important to highlight that Industry 4.0 implies the integration of systems that consists
of uniting different computer systems and software applications physically or
functionally, to act as a coordinated whole allowing the exchange of information between
different systems. It allows the company to have a complete view of its business. Real-
time information about the production process influences management decisions more
quickly, just as strategic decisions about the company's business can be implemented
more easily on the factory floor. Industry 4.0 involves the adoption of simulation systems
that consist of the use of computers and a set of techniques to generate digital models that
describe or display the complex interaction between various variables within a system,
imitating real-world processes. In production processes, advanced robotics are used,
which are devices that act largely or partially autonomously, that physically interact with
people or their environment and that are capable of modifying their behavior based on
sensor data [2].
Furthermore, Industry 4.0 uses Digital manufacturing which corresponds to the use of an
integrated computer system consisting of simulation, 3D visualization, analysis and
collaboration tools to create product and manufacturing process definitions
simultaneously, as well as additive manufacturing which consists of manufacturing parts
based on a digital project (made with three-dimensional modeling software),
superimposing thin layers of material, one by one, using a 3D printer. Materials such as
plastic, metal, metal alloys, ceramics and sand, among others, can be used. Industry 4.0
also uses cybersecurity, which is a set of hardware and software infrastructures designed
3. 3
to protect information assets, dealing with threats that put at risk the information that is
processed, stored and transported by the information systems that are interconnect [2].
Industry 4.0 is an industry concept that encompasses the main technological innovations
in the areas of automation, control and information technologies, applied to
manufacturing processes. From cyber-physical systems, the internet of things and the
internet of services, production processes tend to be increasingly efficient, autonomous
and customizable. This means a new period in the context of the great industrial
revolutions. With smart factories, there will be several changes in the way products are
manufactured, causing impacts in different market sectors. Making Industry 4.0 a reality
will imply the gradual adoption of a set of emerging Information Technology and
industrial automation technologies, in the formation of a physical-cybernetic production
system, with intense digitalization of information and direct communication between
systems, machines, products and people, that is, the famous Internet of Things (IoT). This
process promises to generate highly flexible and self-adjusting manufacturing
environments to the growing demand for increasingly personalized products.
Industry 4.0 has the following characteristics [4]:
1) More visibility - Process, machine, and equipment data are very important and are the
basis of Industry 4.0. With this data increasingly available in a permeable manner at all
levels of the organization, it becomes simple to know what is happening and have more
visibility across all processes, including in real time.
2) Transparency - Process and business information data needs to be useful and
transparent to know the causes of a certain operational condition, unwanted failures or
unplanned downtime, for example.
3) Predictive capacity - Process data collected from machines and equipment in real time
needs to be treated and transformed into useful information that helps to understand the
performance of the production system to be processed in Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning systems capable of predicting that could happen in your process or in
machines and equipment.
4) Flexibility and adaptability - Virtualization and high technology provide the ability
to access information and perform analyzes in real time, including applying Artificial
Intelligence software, enabling instant innovations and/or adjustments.
It is worth noting that, in Industry 4.0, intelligent systems and sensors inform machines
how they should work and how they will be involved in each stage of the manufacturing
process, thus providing data, such as feedback, for greater production control, processes
are self-managed in a system modular decentralized, intelligent systems start to work
together with the exchange of data and information, directly and also through the “cloud”
on the Internet and, as a result, industrial control systems are more complex and
distributed, allowing a more flexible process and detailed. In Industry 4.0, there is
decentralized intelligence, with machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in the
factory differing from the old rigid centralized control systems in factories. Machine-to-
machine communication, or M2M, is a technology that allows networked devices to
exchange information and perform actions without manual assistance from humans. It
consists of the automated exchange of information between devices such as machines,
vehicles or other equipment in the industrial, commercial and service areas. These devices
communicate with each other or with a central location (database), increasingly using the
Internet and different access networks, such as the cellular network. A common
4. 4
application is the remote monitoring, management, control and maintenance of machines,
equipment and systems, traditionally called telemetry. M2M technology has linked
information and communication technologies. M2M solutions optimize almost all
industry workflows and result in productivity gains [2].
To put Industry 4.0 into practice, it is important to follow the following 4 steps [5]:
a) Carry out strategic planning - The implementation of the Industry 4.0 concept
requires planning. Study the main problems the company faces, investigate the different
technologies that can be adopted and create a long-term plan to gradually modernize the
entire business. Adopt the solution that provides a high ROI (return on investment).
b) Carry out pilot projects - Because these are high-cost technologies, most technology
companies that offer solutions for Industry 4.0 carry out pilot projects. If everything goes
well, they invest and expand the project to other areas of the company.
c) Become a data fanatic - Big data is the basis of Industry 4.0. It is this information that
will allow you to make the most of the benefits of this new era. However, it makes no
sense to have millions of data points at your disposal and not analyze them to make
important decisions based on them. Therefore, it is necessary to dive into the data, study
and base all your actions on the paths they indicate. It’s time to abandon managers’
“feeling” and make more precise decisions.
d) Have a capable team - No technology will work unless there is a capable team to
operate it. Industry 4.0 professionals need to reinvent themselves. It will be increasingly
necessary to have analytical and data interpretation skills. Furthermore, it is necessary to
have a team that adapts easily and learns quickly, as innovations are constantly changing
and there are always new products on the market.
The 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 requires a new professional profile. To work
on the floor of a digital factory, workers need to develop essential skills. Technicians
will no longer perform repetitive functions. They will be focused on strategic tasks and
project control. Anyone who wants to gain a place in the factories of the future must
develop new skills. It will be necessary, for example, to learn to work side by side with
intelligent and collaborative robots to increase productivity. This creates space for more
complex and creative functions.
It is very important that the industry 4.0 professional has a broad view of the enterprise.
Industry 4.0 professionals need to be open to change, have the flexibility to adapt to new
roles and get used to continuous multidisciplinary learning. Having a multidisciplinary
vision does not mean that specialized technical knowledge has lost importance in the
curriculum. An academic background in computer engineering or mechatronics is
important, but not sufficient. You need to specialize on several fronts and know a little
about each thing. You have to like technology, innovation and, above all, be curious to
learn and follow an industry that is always reinventing itself. With so many changes,
professionals involved in Industry 4.0 need to adapt to this new reality.
The Industry 4.0 professional is responsible for managing and optimizing processes,
reducing costs and waste, introducing intelligence and integration. In Industry 4.0, also
known as the 4th Industrial Revolution, there are professionals responsible for an
organization's production processes, from handling raw materials to delivering the final
product. These professionals need to be up to date with technological changes and
attentive to the trends and innovations that the industry will undergo, always thinking
about ways to reduce costs and avoid waste, considering environmental, economic and
5. 5
social aspects. Industry 4.0 imposes the need for changes in courses in the areas of
engineering, administration and economics, among others, to adapt to the new needs of
new technologies. The teaching programs of educational units at all levels must be
profoundly restructured to achieve these objectives.
While Industry 4.0 is under development, especially in the most advanced capitalist
countries, unfortunately, Brazil is faced with the double challenge of, on the one hand,
reversing the deindustrialization process that it has suffered from 1990 to the present
moment following the introduction of neoliberal economic model that devastated the
Brazilian economy and, on the other, promote the development of Industry 4.0 in the
country. The consensus among experts is that Brazilian industry is behind and is still
largely in the transition from what would be Industry 2.0 of the 2nd Industrial Revolution,
characterized by the use of assembly lines and electrical energy, for Industry 3.0 of the
3rd Industrial Revolution that applies automation through electronics, robotics and
programming. This technological delay in Brazilian industry is one of the factors that
contribute to the deindustrialization of Brazil and the loss of its industrial competitiveness
[6].
To get an idea of Brazil's gap, it would be necessary to install around 165,000 industrial
robots to approach Germany's current robotic density. At the current rate, with around
1,500 robots installed per year in the country, Brazil will take more than 100 years to
reach Germany's level. We will need, more than ever, for the Lula government to be able
to plan the modernization of Brazil's industry and the country's academic and research
institutions to reindustrialize Brazilian industry with the development of Industry 4.0.
Brazil also needs relevant levels of investment and intensive training of managers,
engineers, systems analysts and technicians in these new technologies, in addition to
partnerships and strategic alliances with entities from other countries that are more
advanced in industry 4.0. Brazil, therefore, still has a long way to go in various sectors of
the economy in a gradual and disruptive manner. One of the measures necessary for
Brazil's inclusion in the 4th Industrial Revolution consists of making massive investments
in the education system to qualify people with a focus on technology [6].
REFERENCES
1. ALCOFORADO. Fernando. Rumo à indústria do futuro. Available on the website
<https://www.academia.edu/34710914/RUMO_%C3%80_IND%C3%9ASTRIA_DO_F
UTURO>, 2017.
2. ALCOFORADO. Fernando. O futuro da indústria. Available on the website
<https://www.academia.edu/45626620/O_FUTURO_DA_IND%C3%9ASTRIA>, 2021.
3. GoEPIK. Conheça as principais tecnologias da indústria 4.0. Available on the
website <https://www.goepik.com.br/conheca-as-principais-tecnologias-da-industria-
40>, 2023.
4. WEG DIGITAL BLOG. Conheça 4 principais características da Indústria 4.0.
Available on the website <https://www.weg.net/digital/blog/conheca-4-principais-
caracteristicas-da-industria-4-0/>, 2022.
5. NOVIDA. Indústria 4.0- Como colocar em prática? Available on the website
<https://www.novida.com.br/blog/industria-4-0/>, 2023.
6. ALCOFORADO, Fernando. Como o governo Lula poderá reindustrializar o Brasil.
Available on the website
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<https://www.academia.edu/94807861/COMO_O_GOVERNO_LULA_PODER%C3%
81_REINDUSTRIALIZAR_O_BRASIL>, 2022.
* Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member
of the Bahia Academy of Education, SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and IPB-
Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer from the UFBA Polytechnic School and doctor in Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering,
Economy and Administration) and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional
planning, urban planning and energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and
Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning
Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State
of Bahia, Secretary of Planning of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998),
Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do
Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora
Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos
na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social
Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG,
Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica,
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate
ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores
Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no
Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua
convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como inventar o futuro para mudar o
mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência
(Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso
e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook
(CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022), How to protect human beings from threats to their
existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova,
Chișinău, 2023) and A revolução da educação necessária ao Brasil na era contemporânea (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2023).