The computer industry produces computers, software, hardware, and provides IT services. It has evolved through generations from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. Major computer companies include Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Dell and others. The airline industry operates air transportation services for passengers and freight. Major airlines are highly regulated by governments. The steel industry produces iron alloyed with carbon and other elements to make steel for construction and other uses. Major steel producing countries include China, Japan, and the US.

1. What is Industry…
Industry is the production of an economic
good or service within an economy.
Following the industrial revolution ,
prehaps a third of world’s economic output
is derived from manufacturing industries.
Its Need :
Industrialization is playing a vital role in rising the economy of a
country and its GDP. Through industrialization ,standard of a
country is being raised.Industrialization is providing work to
more than 60% of population in the country.The export services
and products increases and great revenue can be generated
through industries by regulating its operating cost.

2. Different Types Of Industries Countributing Maximum To A
Country
Computer
Industry
Oil and steel
Industry
Airline
Industry
For details on industries ,visit-www.iglobe.co.in

3. •
Computer Industry
THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY, OR INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT) INDUSTRY, IS THE RANGE OF BUSINESSES
INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING COMPUTER SOFTWARE,
DESIGNING COMPUTER HARDWARE AND COMPUTER
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURES, THE MANUFACTURE
OF COMPUTER COMPONENTS AND THE PROVISION
OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) SERVICES.
THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY WAS BORN WITH CONSTRUCTION OF
THE ENIAC IN 1946, BUILT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
PENNSYLVANIA'S MOORE SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,
ENIAC STOOD FOR "ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND
COMPUTER” DESIGNED TO CALCULATE TRAJECTORIES TABLES
FOR US ARMY.
Computers have evolved through four generations and in each generation computers
become faster,easier,smaller,more dependable and less expensive to operate.
• First generation-vaccum Tubes
• Second Generation-transistors
• Third Generation-Integrated Circuits
• Fourth Generation-Microprocessors

4. Main Industries of Computer & Its features
The competition within the PC industry
is extraordinarily cutthroat. The top
companies consist of Dell, HP, Apple,
Gateway and Sony, Microsoft, lenovo.
Computer Industry is even coming in
learning .Students starts studying from
computers , laptops at the young age.
Ten years from now chances are there will
be few computers in home. Instead,
people will be wearing computers -implanted, for example, in eyeglasses,
with the retina as the screen.The main
factors for a computer industry to keep
rising is• New technology
• Reliability
• Customer Service

5. Industry profitability
A computer industry not producing pc’s only but
it has its hands in markets also.The industry is
gaining profit because it is redefining itself and
the world is also updating with the usage of
computers in deep almost in every industry and
at every place.
• APPLE is the highest profit gaining computer
company right now.
• Dell is best for its customer service.
• Main suppliers of computer industry are intel
and microsoft.
•
•
•
Computer industry
Intel’s microprocessor chips are used in
approximately 80% of personal computers
Microsoft operating systems are used in
90% of computers, giving it substantial
bargaining power
Stakeholders: Environmentalists and Ewaste are the major stakeholders for the
PC industry; the dumping of high-tech
trash like computers in landfills.HewlettPackard, IBM and Dell have recently
started up a computer recycle program,
recycling in all computer brands for a small
fee.

6. AN AIRLINE IS A COMPANY THAT PROVIDES AIR TRANSPORT
SERVICES FOR TRAVELING PASSENGERS AND FREIGHT.
AIRLINES LEASE OR OWN THEIR AIRCRAFT WITH WHICH TO
SUPPLY THESE SERVICES AND MAY
FORM PARTNERSHIPS OR ALLIANCES WITH OTHER AIRLINES
FOR MUTUAL BENEFIT. GENERALLY, AIRLINE COMPANIES ARE
RECOGNIZED WITH AN AIR OPERATING CERTIFICATE OR
LICENSE ISSUED BY A GOVERNMENTAL AVIATION BODY.
DELAG, Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft was the world's first airline. It was founded on
November 16, 1909 with government assistance, and operated airships manufactured by The Zeppelin
Corporation. Its headquarters were in Frankfurt.
Different types of airlines are• International
• National
• Regional
• Domestic

7. Airline industry Government Regulations• Many countries have national airlines that the government owns and
operates
• Government has extensive regulation for economic, political, and safety
concerns
• Some countries (e.g. US and Australia) have "deregulated" their airlines
• The entry barriers for new airlines are lower in a deregulated
market-
far greater competition
average fares tend to drop 20% or more
International regulations• Groups such as the International Civil Aviation Organization establish
worldwide standards for safety and other vital concerns.
• Most international air traffic is regulated by bilateral agreements
between countries, which designate specific carriers to operate on
specific routes
• Bilateral agreements are based on the "freedoms of the air
• .In the 1990s, "open skies" agreements became more common,but it
mee some criticism.

8. Major risks and Issues in Airline Industry
Major issues• Ticketing revenue
• Operating cost
• Environmental
• Route structures of airport
Major risks• Strategic Risk-Buiding design choices
• Financial risk-Variability of revenue and costs
• Operational risk- labor, fuel, airplanes, engines,
spares and parts
• Hazard risk-Safety of physical assets
• Wars- 9/11, IRAQ , SARS , Bali Bombing
Industry Profitability
Profitability is likely to improve in the future as privatization continues and more competitive low-cost carriers
proliferate.The overall trend of demand has been consistently increasing. Countries with a de-regulated airline
industry have more competition and greater pricing freedom. This results in lower fares and dramatic spurts in
traffic. The industry has been observed to be cyclical in its financial performance. Four or five years of poor
earnings precede five or six years of improvement. Warren Buffett once said that despite all the money that has
been invested in all airlines, the net profit is less than zero. He believes it is one of the hardest businesses to
manage.

9. STEEL IS AN ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON. CARBON IS THE PRIMARY
ALLOYING ELEMENT, AND ITS CONTENT IN THE STEEL IS BETWEEN
0.002% AND 2.1% BY WEIGHT. ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS MAY ALSO
PRESENT IN STEEL: MANGANESE, PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, SILICON,
AND TRACES OF OXYGEN, NITROGEN AND ALUMINIUM.
ALLOY STEEL IS STEEL TO WHICH ADDITIONAL ALLOYING ELEMENTS
HAVE BEEN INTENTIONALLY ADDED TO MODIFY THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL INCLUDE: MANGANESE, NICKEL,
CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM, BORON, TITANIUM, VANADIUM AND
NIOBIUM
Different types of steel and their importanceStainless Steel•
•
•
Cutlery
Rulers
Surgical instruments
Flat Carbon Steel•
•
Magnetic cores
The inside and outside body of automobiles, trains, and ships.
Long Steel•
•
•
•
As reinforcing bars and mesh in reinforced concrete
Railroad tracks
Structural steel in modern buildings and bridges
Wires

10. Major steel industries & its history
• It is common today to talk about "the iron and steel industry" as if it were a single
entity, but historically they were separate products. The steel industry is often
considered an indicator of economic progress, because of the critical role played
by steel in infrastructural and overall economic development.
• In 1980, there were more than 500,000 U.S. steelworkers. By 2000, the number of
steelworkers fell to 224,000.
•
Between 2000 and 2005, world steel demand increased by 6%.
Since 2000, several Indian and Chinese steel firms have risen to prominence like
• Tata Steel (which bought Corus Group in 2007)
• Shanghai Baosteel Group Corporation
• Shagang Group
• ArcelorMittal is however the world's largest steel producer.
• In 2005, the British Geological Survey stated China was the top steel producer with about
one-third of the world share.
• The world steel industry peaked in 2007. That year, ThyssenKrupp spent $12 billion to
build the two most modern mills in the world, in Calvert, Alabama and Sepetiba, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
•
In 2008, steel began trading as a commodity on the London Metal Exchange. At the
end of 2008, the steel industry faced a sharp downturn that led to many cut-backs.
ThyssenKrupp lost $11 billion on its two new plants, which sold steel below the cost
of production. Finally in 2013, ThyssenKrupp offered the plants for sale at under $4
billion.

11. Production Of Steel
When iron is smelted from its ore by commercial processes, it contains
more carbon than is desirable. To become steel, it must be melted and
reprocessed to reduce the carbon to the correct amount, at which point
other elements can be added. This liquid is then continuously cast into
long slabs or cast into ingots. Approximately 96% of steel is continuously
cast, while only 4% is produced as ingots.
The ingots are then heated in a soaking pit and hot rolled into slabs,
blooms, or billets. Slabs are hot or cold rolled into sheet metal or plates.
Billets are hot or cold rolled into bars, rods, and wire. Blooms are hot or
cold rolled into structural steel, such as I-beams and rails. In modern steel
mills these processes often occur in one assembly line, with ore coming in
and finished steel coming out. Sometimes after a steel's final rolling it is
heat treated for strength.
Uses of Steel• Steel are used widely in the construction of roads, railways, other infrastructure, appliances, and buildings.
• Most large modern structures, such as stadiums and skyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are supported by a steel
skeleton.
• It has a widespread use in major appliances and cars.
• Despite growth in usage of aluminium, it is still the main material for car bodies.
• Steel is used in a variety of other construction materials, such as bolts, nails, and screws.
• Other common applications include shipbuilding, pipeline transport, mining, offshore construction, aerospace, white
goods (e.g. washing machines), heavy equipment such as bulldozers, office furniture, steel wool, tools.

12. Oil industry
THE OIL INDUSTRY (DEVELOPMENT) ACT, 1974 WAS
ENACTED FOLLOWING SUCCESSIVE AND STEEP
INCREASE IN THE INTERNATIONAL PRICES OF CRUDE OIL
AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS SINCE EARLY 1973, WHEN
THE NEED OF PROGRESSIVE SELF-RELIANCE IN
PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM BASED INDUSTRIAL
RAW MATERIALS ASSUMED GREAT IMPORTANCE. THE
FOLLOWING OBJECTS WERE INCLUDED IN THE
STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS FOR THE OIL
INDUSTRY (DEVELOPMENT) BILL,1974
Oil Industry

13. SOURCETHE CONTENT OF THIS PRESENTATION
IS BEING STUDIED FROM WIKIPEDIA
AND PRESENTATIONS FROM
SLIDESHARE.NET
FOR MORE INFO YOU CAN VISITWWW.IGLOBE.CO.IN
THANK YOU