IgE antibodies in an individual already pre-sensitized to a particula.pdf
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IgE antibodies in an individual already pre-sensitized to a particular allergen are bound to mast cells before exposure to the allergen. True False Type IV hypersensitivity involves Which cell type is known to play a key role in regulating type IV hypersensitivities, ensuring that they do not get out of control? Solution 4) answer is true usually an interval of 2-3 weks is required between senstizing and shocking dose, during, which cytotropic antibody igE( previously known as reagnic antibody) produced aganist the antigen attached to mast cells. when a shocking dose is given there is rapid stimulation of mast cells. 5) type IV reactions there no production of antibodies. it is cell mediated immunity in wjihc lymphocytes play important role. answer t helper cells also participlate in delayed hypersensitivity reactions answer is Th1, Tc and M0 6) NK cells it is a non T non B cell large granular cell which considered as third type of lymphocyte plays important role in typeIV reactions detroys viruses, virus infeted cells, malignant invaded cells..
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Please fill in all the blanks- Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Imm.docx
Please fill in all the blanks.
Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection Activation of T-dependent antibody immunity requires the assistance of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells. 1. In antibody immunity, an APC's MHC II protein-epitope complex activates a helper T cell (Th cell) bearing a complementary 2. APCs present epitopes on MHC molecules and form an immunological synapse with Th using the complementary TCR. 3. CD 4 MHC interaction stabilizes the synapse, and the delivers a second signal. 4. (IL-4) then induces the Th cell to become a type T cell (Th2). 5. The Th_cell interacts with cells displaying epitope on MHC II and releases . Since only B cells displaying the epitope the Th2 cell recognizes are activated, this process is called selection. 6. The activated B cell proliferates rapidly and the clones differentiate into either B cells or cells. 7. with cells live for only a short time but secrete large amounts of antibodies, beginning 8. and class switching as they get older. antigen. B cells migrate to lymphoid tissues to await a subsequent encounter with the same Types of Acquired Immunity Specific immunity is characterized either naturally or artificially acquired and as either active or passive. 1. When the body mounts a specific immune response against an infectious agent, the result is called immunity. 2. The passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in breastmilk to a baby are examples of immunity. 3. immunity is achieved by deliberately injecting someone with antigens in vaccines to provoke an active response, as in the process of immunization. 4. immunotherapy involves the administration of preformed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Immune Responses 1. The first adaptive response to a particular antigen is called the . As a result of this initial encounter, the adaptive immune system "remembers" the mechanism that was effective against that specific antigen. 2. If the same antigen is encountered later in life, a stronger antigen-specific adaptive immune response occurs, called the response.
.
Type III hypersensitivities are also referred to as immune complex me.pdf
Type III hypersensitivities are also referred to as immune complex mediated hypersensitivities.
Which cell is responsible for clearing the antibody-antigen complexes that are formed? In type I
hypersensitivity, prior sensitization to the antigen/allergen is not required because it\'s an
immediate type of reaction. True False Which cell types participate in antibody mediated
attacks of either cells or red blood cells in type II hypersensitivities?
Solution
Hypersensitive is the group of unfavourable reactions produced by the normal Immune system. It
includes allergies and Autoimmunity. Type-III immunity is immune complex mediated diseases
that include Serum sickness, Rheumatoid arthritis etc. The mediators are IgG, complement and
Neutrophills.
7. Answer is Macrophages.
8. False: Prior sensitization with allergin, leads to IgE production, then they bind to mast cells.
Again encounter wits same allergin, bind to these mast cell bound IgE. Finally leads to
degranulation and Type-1 hypersensitivity.
9. All three types of cells: Macrophages, NK cells and Neutrophils.
Recommended
Please fill in all the blanks- Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Imm.docx
Please fill in all the blanks.
Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection Activation of T-dependent antibody immunity requires the assistance of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells. 1. In antibody immunity, an APC's MHC II protein-epitope complex activates a helper T cell (Th cell) bearing a complementary 2. APCs present epitopes on MHC molecules and form an immunological synapse with Th using the complementary TCR. 3. CD 4 MHC interaction stabilizes the synapse, and the delivers a second signal. 4. (IL-4) then induces the Th cell to become a type T cell (Th2). 5. The Th_cell interacts with cells displaying epitope on MHC II and releases . Since only B cells displaying the epitope the Th2 cell recognizes are activated, this process is called selection. 6. The activated B cell proliferates rapidly and the clones differentiate into either B cells or cells. 7. with cells live for only a short time but secrete large amounts of antibodies, beginning 8. and class switching as they get older. antigen. B cells migrate to lymphoid tissues to await a subsequent encounter with the same Types of Acquired Immunity Specific immunity is characterized either naturally or artificially acquired and as either active or passive. 1. When the body mounts a specific immune response against an infectious agent, the result is called immunity. 2. The passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in breastmilk to a baby are examples of immunity. 3. immunity is achieved by deliberately injecting someone with antigens in vaccines to provoke an active response, as in the process of immunization. 4. immunotherapy involves the administration of preformed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Immune Responses 1. The first adaptive response to a particular antigen is called the . As a result of this initial encounter, the adaptive immune system "remembers" the mechanism that was effective against that specific antigen. 2. If the same antigen is encountered later in life, a stronger antigen-specific adaptive immune response occurs, called the response.
.
Type III hypersensitivities are also referred to as immune complex me.pdf
Type III hypersensitivities are also referred to as immune complex mediated hypersensitivities.
Which cell is responsible for clearing the antibody-antigen complexes that are formed? In type I
hypersensitivity, prior sensitization to the antigen/allergen is not required because it\'s an
immediate type of reaction. True False Which cell types participate in antibody mediated
attacks of either cells or red blood cells in type II hypersensitivities?
Solution
Hypersensitive is the group of unfavourable reactions produced by the normal Immune system. It
includes allergies and Autoimmunity. Type-III immunity is immune complex mediated diseases
that include Serum sickness, Rheumatoid arthritis etc. The mediators are IgG, complement and
Neutrophills.
7. Answer is Macrophages.
8. False: Prior sensitization with allergin, leads to IgE production, then they bind to mast cells.
Again encounter wits same allergin, bind to these mast cell bound IgE. Finally leads to
degranulation and Type-1 hypersensitivity.
9. All three types of cells: Macrophages, NK cells and Neutrophils.
Please answer all questions- b- The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on t.docx
Please answer all questions.
b. The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on the target cell, triggering target cell apoptosis. T cells, which function in memory responses. 4. Cytotoxic T cells may also form Antibody Immune Responses Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection Activation of T-dependent antibody immunity requires the assistance of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells. 1. In antibody immunity, an APC's MHC II protein-epitope complex activates a helper T cell (Th cell) bearing a complementary 2. APCs present epitopes on MHC molecules and form an immunological synapse with Th using the complementary TCR. 3. CD 4 MHC interaction stabilizes the synapse, and the delivers a second signal. 4. ( IL 4 ) then induces the Th cell to become a type T cell (Th2). 5. The Th_cell interacts with cells displaying epitope on MHC II and releases . Since only B cells displaying the epitope the Th2 cell recognizes are activated, this process is called selection. 6. The activated B cell proliferates rapidly and the clones differentiate into either B cells or cells. 7. cells live for only a short time but secrete large amounts of antibodies, beginning with and class switching as they get older. 8. B cells migrate to lymphoid tissues to await a subsequent encounter with the same antigen. Types of Acquired Immunity Specific immunity is characterized either naturally or artificially acquired and as either active or passive. 1. When the body mounts a specific immune response against an infectious agent, the result is called _ immunity. 2. The passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in breastmilk to a baby are examples of immunity. 3. immunity is achieved by deliberately injecting someone with antigens in vaccines to provoke an active response, as in the process of immunization. 4. immunotherapy involves the administration of preformed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Immune Responses 1. The first adaptive response to a particular antigen is called the As a result of this initial encounter, the adaptive immune system "remembers" the mechanism that was effective against that specific antigen. 2. If the same antigen is encountered later in life, a stronger antigen-specific adaptive immune response occurs, called the response.
.
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury) - PHARM D
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury)
Classic problems and emerging areas of immune system by Kainat Ramzan
The immune system can be simplistically viewed as having two “lines of defense” innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The immune system refers to a collection of cells and proteins that function to protect the skin, respiratory passages, intestinal tract, and other areas from foreign antigens, such as microbes, viruses, cancer cells, and toxins.
Immunological tolerance dr.ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Nivedita
this presentation is on type 1 hypersensitivity, it gives you clear idea about how it is caused, what are the symptoms, and current treatments available. The ppt is short so that it do not confuse you with the topics. i can upload a still more clear ppt, if u guys are enjoying my skills, so do let me know about how my ppt helpd you.
3. adaptive immunity_-1.pptx
Adaptive immunity involves specialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders and are able to prevent disease in the future by remembering what those substances look like and mounting a new immune response.
Immune System Responses
Immune system responds to various infections in the body, the presentation highlights the basic immune system responses in the body.
Diseases of immunity hypersensitivity
Dr. Ajay Kirti Jain , MD (Ayurveda)
Asso. Professor and HOD
Govt. Dhanwantari Ayurveda College , Ujjain
Immunology "Adaptive Immunity"
Adaptive immunity is an immunity that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination. This part of the immune system is activated when the innate immune response is insufficient to control an infection. In fact, without information from the innate immune system, the adaptive response could not be mobilized. There are two types of adaptive responses: the cell-mediated immune response, which is carried out by T cells, and the humoral immune response, which is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies.
Allergy & Hypersensitivity type I-2023.ppt
Normally, immune responses eradicate infectious pathogens without serious injury to host tissues.
However, these responses are sometimes
inadequately controlled
inappropriately targeted to host tissues
triggered by commensal microorganisms or environmental antigens that are usually harmless.
In these situations, the normally beneficial immune response is the cause of disease.
Disorders caused by immune responses are called hypersensitivity diseases.
This term , hypersensitivity , arose from the clinical definition of immunity as sensitivity, which is based on the observation that an individual who has been exposed to an antigen exhibits a detectable reaction, or is sensitive, to subsequent encounters with that antigen.
Today, we will describe the pathogenesis of different types of hypersensitivity reactions, with an emphasis on the effector mechanisms that cause tissue injury.
A variety of human diseases are caused by immune responses to non-microbial environmental antigens, and involve the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 produced by Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), immunoglobulin E (IgE), mast cells, and eosinophils.
The antigens that elicit immediate hypersensitivity are called allergens. Most of them are common environmental proteins, animal products, and chemicals that can modify self proteins.
In the effector phase of these responses, mast cells and eosinophils are activated to rapidly release mediators that cause
increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
bronchial and visceral smooth muscle contraction
This vascular reaction is called immediate hypersensitivity because it begins rapidly, within minutes of antigen challenge in a previously sensitized individual (immediate), and has major pathologic consequences (hypersensitivity).
Following the immediate response, there is a more slowly developing inflammatory component called the late-phase reaction characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages.
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from the file, and using a method
calculates and displays the following A) Displays the grades with their letter values (80 - B) B)
the sum of the Grades in the file C) the average of the Grades in the file
Solution
GradeRead.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class GradeRead {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter the file name: \");
String fileName = scan1.next();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(file);
calculateGradeDetail(scan);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Input does not exist\");
}
}
public static void calculateGradeDetail(Scanner scan){
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
char gradeLetter = \'\\0\';
while(scan.hasNextInt()){
count++;
int n = scan.nextInt();
sum = sum + n;
if(n >=90 && n<=100){
gradeLetter = \'A\';
}
else if(n >=80 && n<90){
gradeLetter = \'B\';
}
else if(n >=70 && n<80){
gradeLetter = \'C\';
}
else if(n >=60 && n<=70){
gradeLetter = \'D\';
}
else {
gradeLetter = \'E\';
}
System.out.println(\"Grade: \"+gradeLetter+\" - \"+n);
}
System.out.println(\"The sum of the Grades in the file: \"+sum);
double average = sum/(double)count;
System.out.println(\"the average of the Grades in the file: \"+average);
System.out.println();
}
}
Output:
Enter the file name: D:\\\\grade.txt
Grade: D - 60
Grade: C - 70
Grade: B - 80
Grade: A - 90
Grade: A - 100
Grade: E - 40
Grade: E - 50
Grade: D - 60
The sum of the Grades in the file: 550
the average of the Grades in the file: 68.75
Grade.txt
60
70
80
90
100
40
50
60.
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Similar to IgE antibodies in an individual already pre-sensitized to a particula.pdf
Please answer all questions- b- The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on t.docx
Please answer all questions.
b. The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on the target cell, triggering target cell apoptosis. T cells, which function in memory responses. 4. Cytotoxic T cells may also form Antibody Immune Responses Inducement of T-Dependent Antibody Immunity with Clonal Selection Activation of T-dependent antibody immunity requires the assistance of type 2 helper T (Th2) cells. 1. In antibody immunity, an APC's MHC II protein-epitope complex activates a helper T cell (Th cell) bearing a complementary 2. APCs present epitopes on MHC molecules and form an immunological synapse with Th using the complementary TCR. 3. CD 4 MHC interaction stabilizes the synapse, and the delivers a second signal. 4. ( IL 4 ) then induces the Th cell to become a type T cell (Th2). 5. The Th_cell interacts with cells displaying epitope on MHC II and releases . Since only B cells displaying the epitope the Th2 cell recognizes are activated, this process is called selection. 6. The activated B cell proliferates rapidly and the clones differentiate into either B cells or cells. 7. cells live for only a short time but secrete large amounts of antibodies, beginning with and class switching as they get older. 8. B cells migrate to lymphoid tissues to await a subsequent encounter with the same antigen. Types of Acquired Immunity Specific immunity is characterized either naturally or artificially acquired and as either active or passive. 1. When the body mounts a specific immune response against an infectious agent, the result is called _ immunity. 2. The passing of maternal IgG to the fetus and the transmission of secretory IgA in breastmilk to a baby are examples of immunity. 3. immunity is achieved by deliberately injecting someone with antigens in vaccines to provoke an active response, as in the process of immunization. 4. immunotherapy involves the administration of preformed antibodies in antitoxins or antisera to a patient. Immune Responses 1. The first adaptive response to a particular antigen is called the As a result of this initial encounter, the adaptive immune system "remembers" the mechanism that was effective against that specific antigen. 2. If the same antigen is encountered later in life, a stronger antigen-specific adaptive immune response occurs, called the response.
.
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury) - PHARM D
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury)
Classic problems and emerging areas of immune system by Kainat Ramzan
The immune system can be simplistically viewed as having two “lines of defense” innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The immune system refers to a collection of cells and proteins that function to protect the skin, respiratory passages, intestinal tract, and other areas from foreign antigens, such as microbes, viruses, cancer cells, and toxins.
Immunological tolerance dr.ihsan alsaimary
Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
Nivedita
this presentation is on type 1 hypersensitivity, it gives you clear idea about how it is caused, what are the symptoms, and current treatments available. The ppt is short so that it do not confuse you with the topics. i can upload a still more clear ppt, if u guys are enjoying my skills, so do let me know about how my ppt helpd you.
3. adaptive immunity_-1.pptx
Adaptive immunity involves specialized immune cells and antibodies that attack and destroy foreign invaders and are able to prevent disease in the future by remembering what those substances look like and mounting a new immune response.
Immune System Responses
Immune system responds to various infections in the body, the presentation highlights the basic immune system responses in the body.
Diseases of immunity hypersensitivity
Dr. Ajay Kirti Jain , MD (Ayurveda)
Asso. Professor and HOD
Govt. Dhanwantari Ayurveda College , Ujjain
Immunology "Adaptive Immunity"
Adaptive immunity is an immunity that occurs after exposure to an antigen either from a pathogen or a vaccination. This part of the immune system is activated when the innate immune response is insufficient to control an infection. In fact, without information from the innate immune system, the adaptive response could not be mobilized. There are two types of adaptive responses: the cell-mediated immune response, which is carried out by T cells, and the humoral immune response, which is controlled by activated B cells and antibodies.
Allergy & Hypersensitivity type I-2023.ppt
Normally, immune responses eradicate infectious pathogens without serious injury to host tissues.
However, these responses are sometimes
inadequately controlled
inappropriately targeted to host tissues
triggered by commensal microorganisms or environmental antigens that are usually harmless.
In these situations, the normally beneficial immune response is the cause of disease.
Disorders caused by immune responses are called hypersensitivity diseases.
This term , hypersensitivity , arose from the clinical definition of immunity as sensitivity, which is based on the observation that an individual who has been exposed to an antigen exhibits a detectable reaction, or is sensitive, to subsequent encounters with that antigen.
Today, we will describe the pathogenesis of different types of hypersensitivity reactions, with an emphasis on the effector mechanisms that cause tissue injury.
A variety of human diseases are caused by immune responses to non-microbial environmental antigens, and involve the type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 produced by Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), immunoglobulin E (IgE), mast cells, and eosinophils.
The antigens that elicit immediate hypersensitivity are called allergens. Most of them are common environmental proteins, animal products, and chemicals that can modify self proteins.
In the effector phase of these responses, mast cells and eosinophils are activated to rapidly release mediators that cause
increased vascular permeability
Vasodilation
bronchial and visceral smooth muscle contraction
This vascular reaction is called immediate hypersensitivity because it begins rapidly, within minutes of antigen challenge in a previously sensitized individual (immediate), and has major pathologic consequences (hypersensitivity).
Following the immediate response, there is a more slowly developing inflammatory component called the late-phase reaction characterized by the accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages.
Similar to IgE antibodies in an individual already pre-sensitized to a particula.pdf (20)
Please answer all questions- b- The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on t.docx
Please answer all questions- b- The in which CD95L binds to CD95 on t.docx
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury) - PHARM D
Hypersensitivity reactions (immunologic tissue injury) - PHARM D
Classic problems and emerging areas of immune system by Kainat Ramzan
Classic problems and emerging areas of immune system by Kainat Ramzan
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________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars wit.pdf
________ are characterized by small incisors and large premolars with sharp crests.
a. Insectivores
b. Folivores
c. Faunivores
d. Frugivores
Solution
Folivores are characterized by small incisors and large premolar with sharp crest
Because they are basically herbivores taking cellulose rich leafs and plant stems so they need
proper chewing for digesting that.
Because of that usually they have large premolar and molar teeth and small or no incisors teeth..
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from t.pdf
Write a Java program that opens the file, reads all the Grade from the file, and using a method
calculates and displays the following A) Displays the grades with their letter values (80 - B) B)
the sum of the Grades in the file C) the average of the Grades in the file
Solution
GradeRead.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class GradeRead {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter the file name: \");
String fileName = scan1.next();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(file);
calculateGradeDetail(scan);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Input does not exist\");
}
}
public static void calculateGradeDetail(Scanner scan){
int sum = 0;
int count = 0;
char gradeLetter = \'\\0\';
while(scan.hasNextInt()){
count++;
int n = scan.nextInt();
sum = sum + n;
if(n >=90 && n<=100){
gradeLetter = \'A\';
}
else if(n >=80 && n<90){
gradeLetter = \'B\';
}
else if(n >=70 && n<80){
gradeLetter = \'C\';
}
else if(n >=60 && n<=70){
gradeLetter = \'D\';
}
else {
gradeLetter = \'E\';
}
System.out.println(\"Grade: \"+gradeLetter+\" - \"+n);
}
System.out.println(\"The sum of the Grades in the file: \"+sum);
double average = sum/(double)count;
System.out.println(\"the average of the Grades in the file: \"+average);
System.out.println();
}
}
Output:
Enter the file name: D:\\\\grade.txt
Grade: D - 60
Grade: C - 70
Grade: B - 80
Grade: A - 90
Grade: A - 100
Grade: E - 40
Grade: E - 50
Grade: D - 60
The sum of the Grades in the file: 550
the average of the Grades in the file: 68.75
Grade.txt
60
70
80
90
100
40
50
60.
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True:
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The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How wo.pdf
The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. How would this diagram be
different if it showed anaphase I of meiosis instead of anaphase of mitosis? Each chromosome
would still have two chromatids together. The chromosomes would look the same as in mitosis.
You would be able to see DNA in the chromosomes during meiosis. Homologous chromosomes
would be moving to the same end of the cell.
Solution
Answer is A
Each chromosome still have two chromatids together, which will further divide in anaphase II.
Thus giving 4 daughter cells..
Thank you for your helpful answer! Consider the following meth.pdf
Thank you for your helpful answer!
Consider the following method: bool hasDuplicates(int V[], int n) {for (int i=0; i
Solution
1)
So we can see that the total number of times the sequence of statements executes is:
N + N-1 + N-2 + ... + 3 + 2 + 1. the total is O(N2).
2)
Use count array to store frequency of each element in an array
traverse the entire array and find maximum element
create an array with size of maximum element and instantiate to zero
now traverse count array and see if it has value 2 for any index
if it has then array has duplicates
else no
O(n) complexityValue of iNumber of iterations of inner loop0N1N-12N-2......N-22N-11.
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of t.pdf
State whether the following statement is true or false The graph of the reciprocal function f(x)
=1/x has a break and is composed of two distinct branches Choose the correct answer below
True False
Solution
The function : y = 1/x
x<0 : y = -1/x
x> 0 ; y = 1/x
The function is not defined at x= 0
so, there are two distinct functions
Option True.
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep thes.pdf
Should Maria’s ethical responsibility to Linda lead her to keep these concerns to herself and
allow the recommendation to stand?
Solution
Ethical responsibility mainly is used to follow the right path. Here, the actions of an individual
must benefit the whole society. So a person should speak up for the right thing. Every individual
is accountable for fulfilling their civic duty, even small business owners also have ethical
responsibilities to their employees, customers and society as a whole.
So if Maria feels there is something that would affect their customers, environment, business and
society as a whole, she should not keep her concerns to herself.
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populou.pdf
Revolution in Egypt With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populous Arab state. On the face
of it, c Egypt made significant economic progress during the 2000s. In 2004, the gov- emment of
Hosni Mubarak enacted a series of economic reforms that included calling for Mo and he step
that included reins of pow to dem trade liberalization, cuts in import tarifs, tax cuts, deregulation,
and changes in tion to dem on a s investment regulations that allowed for more foreign direct
investment in the voted on a Egyptian economy. As a consequence, economic growth, which had
been in way for the the 2 to 4 percent range during the early 2000s, accelerated to around 7 per-
Egyptians cent a year. Exports almost tripled, from $9 billion in 2004 to more than $25 bi Doest
lion by 2010. Foreign direct investment increased from $4 billion in 2004 to state with $11
billion in 2008, while unemployment fell from 11 percent to 8 percent. erate Isla By 2008, Egypt
seemed to be displaying many of the features of other country emerging economies. On Cairo\'s
outskirts, clusters of construction cranes Mohame could be seen where gleaming new offices
were being built for companies ment st such as Microsoft, Oracle, and Vodafone. Highways
were being con- was as structed, hypermarkets were opening their doors, and sales of private
cars on fore quadrupled between 2004 and 2008. Things seemed to be improving. ich But
appearances can be deceiving. Underneath the surface, Egypt had Foreig major economic and
political problems. Inflation, long a concern, remained fast. high at 12.8 percent. As the global
economic crisis took hold in 2008-2009, nomi Egypt saw many of its growth drivers slow. In
2008, tourism brought some subsi $11 billion into the country, accounting for 8.5 percent of
gross domestic not a product, but it fell sharply in 2009 and 2010. Remittances from Egyptian
budg expatriates working overseas, which amounted to $8.5 billion in 2008, de- cess clined
sharply as construction projects in the Gulf, where many of them the worked, were cut back or
shut down. Earnings from the Suez Canal, which tha stood at $5.2 billion in 2008, declined by 25
percent in 2009 as the volume ha of world shipping slumped in the wake of the global economic
slowdown. ba the rich and the poor. Some 44 percent of Egyptians are classified as poor or
extremely poor, the average wage is less than $100 a month. Some 2.6 million people are so
destitute that their entire income cannot cover their basic food needs ru his So
Solution
The Egyptian economy is dependent on the Egypt\'s political stability. Egypt is still governed by
a interim government.
Unemployment rate is high in Egypt. The current government should first make changes in the
economy to decrease unemployment rate. Many wealthy business men have left the country. The
interim government have to stabilise the economy to win back the confidence of egytian
entrepreneur class. This will positively affect the employment rate and will creat.
Question No. 1What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 c.pdf
Question No. 1
What updates have been brought by snmpv2 to SNMPv1 communication architecture? [2 marks]
Question No. 2
How SNMPv3 enhances security compared to SNMPv2? [2 marks]
Question No. 3
Define RMON [1 mark]
What are the benefits of RMON ? [1 mark]
Question No. 4
As a network manager, you are responsible for the operation of a network. You notice heavy
traffic in a host that is on a TCP/IP network and want to find out the details:
What basic network monitoring tool(s) would you use? [1 mark]
What would you look for in your results? [1 mark]
Question No. 5
What is the difference between nslookup & dig? [1 marks]
Question No. 5
Install wireshark and capture IP packets on your Ethernet interface.
Put a screenshot of IP packets captured on your device. [1 marks]
Analyze their headers and contents. [2 marks] (1 mark bonus for
Solution
Answer 1.
SNMPv1 (Simple Network Management Protocol) v1 was designed as a short term solution to
allow management of TCP/IP - based internets. Although it was simple there were some major
issues in SNMPv1, viz Expressiveness of MIB definitions, performance and security issues.
Some key differences brought in SNMPv2 are:
Answer 2:
The newer version of SNMP, i.e. SNMPv3 was released to cover some of the security issues that
plagued SNMPv2. SNMPv3 framework augments the original SNMP and SNMPv2
specifications with additional security and administration capabilities. Security and remote
configuration capabilities were added in the newer version. The SNMPv3 architecture introduces
the User-based Security Model (USM) for message security and View-based Access Control
Model(VACM) for access control. The architecture supports the concurrent use of different
security, access control and message processing protocols. SNMPv2 also introduces the ability to
dynamically
configure the SNMP agent using SNMP SET commands against the MIB objects that represent
the agent\'s configuration. The dynamic configuration support enables addition, deletion and
modification of configuration entries locally or remotely. The latest architecture incorporates an
SNMP context engine ID to encode and decode SNMP contexts.
In short, SNMPv3 provides three layers of security. The highest level is with authentication and
privacy. The second or middle level is with authentication and no privacy and the bottom level is
without authentication and privacy.
Answer 3:
Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard specification that facilitates the monitoring ,
analyzing and troubleshooting of network operational activities through the use of remote
devices known as monitors or probes.
RMON provides the benefits of standarazation and improves efficiency by allowing you to
remain at one workstation and collect information from widely dispersed LAN segments or
VLANs. RMON also allows proactive management and reduces the traffic load.
Answer 4:
Microsoft network monitor and CapsaFree are a few of the basic tools one can use for in this
case. Main features of MNM i.
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which.pdf
President Truman belleved that an increase in a na development, which typically includes the
exploitation of tion\'s ii means that a nation is moving toward economic . levels of consumption;
immigrant laborers O levels of consumption; natural resources O standard of living; immigrant
laborers Ostandard of living; natural resources
Solution
President Truman believed that an increase in nation\'s levels of consumption means that a nation
is moving towards economic development, which typically includes the exploitation of natural
resources..
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto .pdf
Pretend you have been asked by the president of the united statesto chair a special task force that
is to write a national policy statement on children\'s exposure to television. What
recommendations would you make concerning viewing hours and type of shows to be aired?
Relating television back to cognitive development, give two examples of how young children
might misunderstand plots of television shows or claims made on advertisements.
Solution
individuals suffering from social isolation can employ television to create what is termed a
parasocial or faux relationship with characters from their favorite television shows and movies as
a way of deflecting feelings of loneliness and social deprivation.Just as an individual would
spend time with a real person sharing opinions and thoughts, pseudo-relationships are formed
with TV characters by becoming personally invested in their lives as if they were a close friend
so that the individual can satiate the human desire to form meaningful relationships and establish
themselves in society. The pleasurable effects of television may be likened to an addictive
activity, producing \"momentary pleasure but long-term misery and regret.\"When a person plays
video games or watches TV, the basal ganglia portion of the brain becomes very active and
dopamine is released.Release of high amounts of dopamine reduces the amount of the
neurotransmitter available for control of movement, perception of pain and pleasure and
formation of feelings.Watching television starting at a young age can profoundly effect
children\'s development. These effects include obesity, language delays, and learning disabilities.
Physical inactivity while viewing TV reduces necessary exercise and leads to over-eating.
Language delays occurs when a child doesn\'t interact with others. Children learn language best
from live interaction with parents or other individuals. Resulting learning disabilities from over-
watching TV include ADHD, concentration problems and even reduction of IQ. Children who
watch too much television can thus have difficulties starting school because they aren\'t
interested in their teachers. Children should watch a maximum of 2 hours daily if any television.
At the same time, television can help young people discover where they fit into society, develop
closer relationships with peers and family, and teach them to understand complex social aspects
of communication.
Recommendations are:
Give a specific time,ie, like 2 hours/day for television watching and engage them in oter leisures
such as sports,arts,etc.The type of shows must be informative,such as about new
hobbies,improvements in science and technology and new discoveries or about great
people.Never go for anything like dating shows or something explicit children..
Please explain in detail. Why cant Salmonella be infected by lambd.pdf
Please explain in detail. Why can\'t Salmonella be infected by lambda phage? Why can\'t
salmonella be successfully transfected using lambda DNA?
Solution
Lambda phage is a bacteriophage or bacteria virus which is known to infect bacteria especially
Escherichia coli hence, sometimes also called as coliphage.This virus is used in recombinat DNA
technology for transferring special genes or you can say that as a vector. To infect a bacterium a
virus needs to:
1) interact first with the cell surface receptors which are different in different species thus,
making coliphage entry difficult inside the Salmonella species.
2) Multiplication of virus genome inside the bacteria is another factor for a virus to cause
infection in a bacterium. To multiply inside bacteria, phage join its nucleic acid with host\'s
nucleic acid, this stage of infection is called prophage. To attach its nucleic acid a phage must
recognise an attachment site called att site in host\'s genome which varies among different
genera. At this stage genetic exchange takes place hence, it is difficult too transfect Salmonella
with a coliphage.
However, Phage P22 can transfect Salmonella because the bacterium has specific att sites for
P22. Also, Transduction i.e. transfer of nucleic acid by a bacteriophage to bacteria was first
discovered in P22 infecting Salmonella. Salmonella species can be made competitive(
susceptible to genetic exchange by transfection) for coliphage by altering its genomic structure
using recombinant DNA tools..
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dplo.pdf
Part A Tnsomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is anormal dploid deomosomal
complement but one 21 Ahough ave higher (19 vrvna offspring would be expected to have Down
syndrome rboen parents have 0own syndrome? Given the that wen 48 chromosomes nou
chromosome 21) ly to survive oaydevekpront peroenlage ar O An the chadren would be expected
to have Down syndrome o None of surviving offsprang wous be expected to rave Down sydome
o one othe survivrg omsprng would be expected trav Downsyndrome O Two minds of surviving
preg wouldbe easected to have Down syndrome One hall the survning onspring would be
expected lo have Down syndoome Incorrect: Try Again: 2 attempts remaining a O Ask me
anything
Solution
one third of the surviving offspring will have Downs Syndrome
Since its inheritance is autosomal, so all children will not have Downzs syndrome. One which
will inherit both the copies of trisomy from both parents will have the syndrome.
Part 1 List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume.pdf
Part 1: List the basic steps in securing an operating system. Assume that the O.S. is being
installed for the first time on new hardware.
Part 2: Name and briefly describe two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal
espionage.
Part 3: Explain the function of the trusted boot function of the trusted platform module (TPM.)
Tell how that is related to the current controversy between Apple and the FBI concerning
encryption. What could the FBI do in the absence of a trusted boot function?
Part 4: Define single loss exposure and annualized risk of occurrence. Explain in your own
words what these have to do with computer security.
Part 5: Explain why it is important to monitor outbound traffic as well as inbound traffic in a
corporate network. Give an example
Solution
Part1:-
There are three things that can enhance operating system security across an enterprise network:
First, provisioning of the servers on the network should be done once in one place, involving the
roughly tens of separate configurations most organizations require. This image, or set of images,
can then be downloaded across the network, with the help of software that automates this process
and eliminates the pain of doing it manually for each server. Moreover, even if you had an
instruction sheet for these key configurations, you wouldn\'t want local administrators to access
these key configurations for each server, which is very dangerous. The best way to do it is once
and for all.
Once the network has been provisioned, administrators need to be able to verify policy
compliance, which defines user access rights and ensures that all configurations are correct. An
agent running on the network or remotely can monitor each server continuously, and such
monitoring wouldn\'t interfere with normal operations.
Second, account management needs to be centralized to control access to the network and to
ensure that users have appropriate access to enterprise resources. Policies, rules and intelligence
should be located in one place—not on each box—and should be pushed out from there to
provision user systems with correct IDs and permissions. An ID life cycle manager can be used
to automate this process and reduce the pain of doing this manually.
Third, the operating system should be configured so that it can be used to monitor activity on the
network easily and efficiently—revealing who is and isn\'t making connections, as well as
pointing out potential security events coming out of the operating system. Administrators can use
a central dashboard that monitors these events in real time and alerts them to serious problems
based on preset correlations and filtering. Just as important, this monitoring system should be set
up so that administrators aren\'t overwhelmed by routine events that don\'t jeopardize network
security.
Part2:-
Two ways that college students could be recruited into illegal espionage:
First, the students may be trend before they sending out to the foreign .
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got m.pdf
John is 35 years old and recently married with Eva. After they got married, they are considering
to have their first child in 2 years and save for a deposit to buy an apartment. Which lifecycle
stage is John likely in?
Select one:
a. Wealth accumulation phase
b. Early family formation
c. Approaching retirement
d. Post retirement
e. Saving versus consumption phase
Solution
Answer :- Option e). Saving versus consumption phase.
Explanation :- John is likely in \"Saving versus consumption phase\" of lifecycle in the above
given question..
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