IGARSS 2011_Priestley.ppt
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CERES Flight Model 5 on NPP was prepared for launch with rigorous pre-launch calibration and testing. Post-launch, independent studies will characterize instrument performance across all scales to validate data products. A strategic approach to data release aims to provide quality-controlled data while supporting continuous calibration improvement.
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Fume re-entry is an important concern for many types of facilities such as hospitals and laboratories that emit pathogens and toxic chemicals that may impact public health by being re-entrained into the building though nearby air intakes. Numerical methods can be used to evaluate dispersion of pollutants from stacks at sensitive receptors. However, numerical methods have limitations and simplifications that can significantly affect its predictions. An alternate way of analyzing stack re-entrainment is with physical modeling in a wind tunnel. In such a study, a scale model that accounts for buildings, topography, and vegetation is used with planned and alternate stack designs to determine the toxic emission impacts on air intakes and other sensitive locations. In a wind tunnel study different stack designs and possible mitigation options can be evaluated. This method is superior to numerical methods (e.g., dispersion models) because it accounts for the immediate structures, topography, and vegetation that is often ignored or oversimplified in numerical methods.
This presentation will show a hypothetical case study evaluating a site with toxic air emissions using AERMOD and physical modeling.
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The advent of the short term National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) prompted modelers to reassess the common practices in dispersion modeling analyses. The probabilistic nature of the new short term standards also opens the door to alternative modeling techniques that are based on probability. One of these is the Monte Carlo technique that can be used to account for emission variability in permit modeling.
Currently, it is assumed that a given emission unit is in operation at its maximum capacity every hour of the year. This assumption may be appropriate for facilities that operate at full capacity most of the time. However, in most cases, emission units operate at variable loads that produce variable emissions. Thus, assuming constant maximum emissions is overly conservative for facilities such as power plants that are not in operation all the time and which exhibit high concentrations during very short periods of time.
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IGARSS 2011_Priestley.ppt
- 1. CERES Flight Model 5 on NPP : Pre-Launch Performance and Sensor Data Record Validation Kory Priestley 1 G. Louis Smith 1 , Susan Thomas 1 , Herbert Bitting 2 1 NASA Langley Research Center, 2 Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems IGARSS 2011 Vancouver, British Columbia July 29, 2011
- 3. Earth Radiation Budget Components Kiehl & Trenberth 1997 CERES CERES TSIS Top of Atmosphere
- 4. Primary CERES Climate Data Records Reflected Solar Energy Emitted Thermal Energy
- 7. Enabling Climate Data Record Continuity
- 9. Why is CERES Climate Quality Calibration so difficult? A question of time scales, experience and balancing accuracy with providing data products to the community. - Calibrated Radiances have been released on ~6 month centers - 6 months is just a blink of an eye when analyzing decadal trends… Same time scale as phenomena which influence instrument response - Beta Angle - Earth Sun Distance - Orbital shifts - Instrument Operational modes (e.g. RAPS vs. Xtrack) Design weaknesses and anticipated failures in onboard calibration hardware - full spectral range of observations not covered by cal subsystems Complicates separation of instrument ‘artifacts’ from natural variability.
- 13. CERES FM-5 Pre-Launch Calibration Pre-launch Calibrations were performed with TRW’s Radiometric Calibration Facility (RCF). Four separate pre-launch calibration campaigns have been performed on the CERES FM5 instrument after it was fabricated. March 1999 February 2000 October 2006 Sept. –Oct. 2008 Completed hot acceptance tests. During cold acceptance testing, calibration was stopped due to carousel problems. Tests done in hot and cold acceptance temperatures. Calibration tests done only in hot acceptance temperatures. Full calibration tests in hot and cold acceptance temperatures. 14 days 9 days 11 days 33 days
- 18. CERES Flight Radiometric Validation Activities Product Spatial Scale Temporal Scale Metric Spectral Band Internal BB Filtered Radiance N/A N/A Absolute Stability TOT, WN On-Board Internal Lamp Filtered Radiance N/A N/A Absolute Stability SW Solar Filtered Radiance N/A N/A Relative Stability TOT, SW Theoretical Line-by-Line Filtered Radiance > 20 Km Instantaneous Inter-Channel Theoretical Agreement TOT, WN Unfiltering Algorithm Theoretical Validation N/A N/A N/A N/A TOT, SW, WN Inter-satellite (Direct Comparison) Unfiltered Radiance 1-deg Grid 1 per crossing Inter-Instrument Agreement, Stability TOT, SW, WN Vicarious Globally Matched Pixels (Direct Comparison) Unfiltered Radiance Pixel to Pixel Daily Inter-Instrument Agreement TOT, SW, WN Tropical Mean (Geographical Average) Unfiltered Radiance 20N – 20S Monthly Inter-Channel Agreement, Stability TOT, WN DCC Albedo Unfiltered Radiance >40 Km Monthly Inter-Instrument agreement, Stability SW DCC 3-channel Unfiltered Radiance >100 Km Monthly Inter-Channel consistency, stability TOT, SW TIme Space Averaging Fluxes Global Monthly Inter-Instrument Agreement LW, SW Lunar Radiance Measurements Filtered Radiance Sub Pixel Quarterly Inter-Instrument Agreement LW, SW, WN
- 21. SDR Product Release Strategy Edition1_CV - Static Algorithms and coefficients - baseline product used in cal/val protocol (L+6 Months, continuous throughout mission) Edition2 - Utilizes temporally varying coefficients to correct for traceable radiometric drift. All spectral changes are broadband and ‘gray’. (L+1 yrs to ~5 yrs) Edition3 - Will incorporate temporally varying spectral artifacts in the SW measurements. A complete re-analysis of Ground Calibration with additional component characterization measurements. (L+5 yrs) User Applied Revisions - Advance capabilities to the users prior to the release of the next Edition. Edition2 products lag Edition1_CV by a minimum of 4 months
- 24. CERES Instrument Working Group Homepage http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/Instrument
Editor's Notes
- Global maps of the energy leaving the earth system on various temporal and spatial scales.
- Data coming from the satellite is retrieved by C3S and is run the IDPS who then sends to the SDS. Note SDS is not an NPOESS feature. Provide Land PEATE sub-sampling software for aggregated VIIRS SDRs (Science) Acknowledge data from SDS Land PEATE (ASDC) Ingest data from SDS Land PEATE & other sources (ASDC) Produce, archive, distribute data products (ASDC) Report status of collection (ASDC) Support user access to collection (ASDC)