Identifying Subconscious Visual Response From Brain Signal

Identifying Subconscious Visual Response From Brain Signal
Identifying Subconscious Visual Response from Brain Signal Bhuyain, Md. Jahangir Hossain
ID:14–26407–1 American International University Bangladesh jahangir407@outlook.com Abstract.
In our life time all of the things we do, see or listen, save in our subconscious mind. And retinal
response from subconscious mind is one of the ways to retrieve data from the subconscious memory.
But it is difficult to identify the correct subconscious trigger which causes the retinal response. (It
may response by outsource like light, air, sound etc.). With these subconscious response many
important application can be built such as rapid search, analysis human behavior after all it changes
the human communication system. Though it has a great significant on our life but there is still lack
of knowledge, resource and technologies. There is limited research on this topic. . 1 Introduction
Subconscious mind is like a huge memory bank of virtually unlimited capacity. The function of
subconscious mind is to store and retrieve data. Its job is to ensure that we respond exactly the way
we are programmed. Your conscious mind commands and your subconscious mind obeys [9]. On
the other hand, we are considering the eye to be the origin of visual perception, but are generally
unaware that almost all of our body systems are regulated in some way by what we see around us
subconsciously. There are also specialized pathways from the retina that regulate hormone secretion,
our body clock and many other
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Understanding The Mind Body Concept
Many philosophers agree that consciousness provides a very difficult problem in understanding the
mind–body concept; this is why from a materialist's point of view, the problem is not sufficient
enough for giving one's attention. Thomas Negal on the other hand, finds the problem rather
interesting. Negal's "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?" proposes a number of arguments, one of them
which states that the subjective approach to the mind–body problem should be abandoned for a
more objective approach (Nagel 1974, pp. 436). The purpose of this essay is to show that Negal's
arguments are sufficient in describing whether it is indeed possible to know what it is like to be a
bat, portraying his arguments in an orderly fashion, and ultimately ... Show more content on
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Assuming that one has to be in a conscious state of mind in order for one to understand what it is
like to be something, Nagel starts off his argument with an idea for consciousness. He criticizes the
concept of functionalism for disregarding the subjective view of the mind into a purely objective
view. Taking into account what he had just stated, Nagel makes his claim: "The fact that [a bat] has
conscious experience at all means, basically, that there is something that it is like to be [a bat]"
(Nagel 1974, pp. 436). This "what it is like" is the subjective aspect of Nagel's theory. He suggests
that previous theories on the mind–body problem did not capture this "subjective character of
experience" (Nagel 1974, pp. 436). The "subjective character of experience" can be defined as the
idea that a certain organism can only have conscious experiences that only it can feel. Using the
subjective aspect of consciousness, Nagel explains that consciousness cannot be defined through
only objective means. I agree in Nagel's stance that the subjective experience is "not analyzable in
terms of any explanatory system of functional states, or intentional states" (Nagel 1974, pp. 436).
Nagel's argument is convincing; when people feel an emotion such as pain, no one really knows
how to describe it, for one person's pain might be completely different from another's. What is there
to say that feelings such as pain could be described purely through objective means? In other words,
the

Way Of The Peaceful Warrior Sparknotes
Way of the Peaceful Warrior
For my book project I read the book Way of the Peaceful Warrior, by Dan Millman. Set in Berkeley
California, Dan Millman a college student struggles to find the part of himself that has always been
missing. One night while out walking from his dorm, Dan comes across a gas station and a strange
man that is soon to turn his life upside down. This man, known as Socrates, shows Dan a side of
existence that only few people had ever seen. To become a warrior like Socrates and have the mind
to not allow the regular struggles of life to control a single part of you. Socrates takes Dan in and
tries to create a warrior from a young star athlete with the ignorance of every other human on this
earth. Through his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This way of separating these two simple words allows one to think about what the book is saying,
and to figure out if there is truth to what the book says. The difference between the mind and brain is
not something most think about in their regular lives. But as I read each word I found truth to what
Socrates was saying. You read this book and try to realize the hidden messages being put across. The
message between the mind and brain is to not let your brain be attacked by random useless thoughts.
In other words, to not let your, `mind', get in the way of your brain. People think millions of useless
thoughts each day. Without these thoughts a persons brain would be clear and their emotions would
be easier to control. Dan tries to explain to Socrates that he will control his mind and change himself
in the process. The main character is a young man who has been set to see the world the way most
have. He is ignorant when it comes to seeing the other side of the picture. Readers can relate to him
because they share a lot of the same qualities and ignorance. After reading this book I looked at
class notes which might represent this book and I found a relation between almost all the concepts
and people. The first being Ludwig and his interpretation on language. When Ludwig talks about
language and how it limits our mind and keeps us from looking outside the box is a prime example
of how

Mind Maps For Kids Summary
Review of Mind Maps for Kids: An Introduction by Tony Buzan Since 1974, Tony Buzan, a
psychology author and educational consultant, has been developing and promoting the concept of
using diagram which representing ideas in colorful branches, keywords, and images. Mind Maps for
Kids: An Introduction, first published in 2003, is Tony Buzan's first book written especially for
younger readers aged 7 to 14 years old. Despite writing the book as a guide for parents to help their
children, Buzan writes this colorful workbook with step–by–step guidelines and examples for
children to help them in learning school subjects, remembering things, and unlocking imaginations
which can be done by themselves. Tony Buzan introduces the concept of Mind Maps in the first
chapter of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tony Buzan also shows that the Mind Maps can be used for future planning in "Your Dream Shop"
section. In the end of the book, Buzan emphasize to the readers that the Mind Maps can be used for
everything, anytime, anywhere. He also encourages the readers to share their Mind Maps and the
stories of their success with him. This can be a motivation for children to explore the ideas in their
minds and be as creative as they can. Mind Maps for Kids: An Introduction is a simply useful book
for students. The easy language Tony Buzan uses in the book makes it easier for young readers to
understand his explanation. The colorful pictures attracts them to take interest in the contents. I
remember reading this book when I was about 10 and I was very excited, not only because of the
pictures, but also because of the "motivational words" Tony Buzan uses to encourage the readers.
For the younger me, who had a lack of self–confidence, this book is a good self–helper as it shows
that even I could do something amazing if I used this "magic

Analysis of O'Hear Anthony's Article 'Philosophy, Biology...
Is the mind and body one cohesive unit, or are both components mutually exclusive? This issue of
mind and matter, as the article illustrates, has been a pervasive problem for centuries. How does
matter, such as a combination of cells, develop the ability to reason? Our brain is a combination of
cells generating a conscious being. How does this transition occur? This contentious issue has
plagued generations and has yet to be adequately solved. As the article illustrates, the inability to
solve this problem originates from man's tendency to apply a narrow discipline to a complex issue.
During the 17th century civil war for instance, the concept of mind and body was reduced to a more
convenient answer. During this period, philosophers and thought leaders were prone to find simple
solutions to many of societies more complex issues. Thought leaders during this period believed that
all things were comprised of both mind and matter. In many instances, the concept of the mind was
very vague and difficult to define. These solutions however were inadequate as they didn't take into
account the interconnectedness of many of the variables in which they used. In many instances,
thought leaders of the period simply attempted to isolate one variable in hopes of finding a solution
to the problem of mind and matter.
During the 20th century however, the though processes of philosophers changes. During this period,
thought leaders where not barred by tradition and political culture that

Book Review Of Mind Maps For Kids By Tony Buzan
Review of Mind Maps for Kids: An Introduction by Tony Buzan Since 1974, Tony Buzan, a
psychology author and educational consultant, has been developing and promoting the concept of
using diagram which representing ideas in colorful branches, keywords, and images. Mind Maps for
Kids: An Introduction, first published in 2003, is his first book written especially for younger
readers aged 7 to 14 years old. Despite writing the book as a guide for parents to help their children,
Buzan writes this colorful work book with step–by–step guidelines and examples for children to use
the book by themselves for learning school subjects, remembering things, and unlocking
imaginations. Buzan introduces the concept of Mind Maps in the first chapter of the book. Starting
with the concept of left and right brain in simple ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Buzan also shows that they can create a future planning with Mind Maps in "Your Dream Shop"
section. In the end of the book, Buzan emphasizes to the readers that they can apply the Mind Maps
anytime, anywhere, for everything. He also encourages the readers to share their Mind Maps and the
stories of their success with him: a way to motivate children to explore the ideas in their minds and
be as creative as they can. Mind Maps for Kids: An Introduction is a simply useful book for
students. The easy language Buzan provides in the book makes it easier for young readers to
understand his explanation. The colorful pictures attracts them to take interest in the contents. A 10–
year–old child will likely find this book interesting, not only for the pictures, but also the
"motivational words" Buzan uses to encourage the young readers. For children who have lack of
self–confidence, this book is an enjoyable self–helper as it shows that every person can do
something great if they use this "magic

Understanding The Mind Body Problem
Section one, question two
2.) Discuss how the following concepts relate to the mind–body problem: * neurophysiology *
psychophysics * theory of evolution.
For each, be sure and: (1) describe the area of study, (2) discuss the views of at least ONE major
thinker associated with that area of study, and (3) explain what that area of study contributed to the
attempt to reconcile the mind–body problem.
The mind–body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and action of
processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that
the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body
problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between
the mind–body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and the theory of
evolution is discussed below.
Neurophysiology
This concept majorly deals with how the nervous system functions. It comes from the concept of
neuroscience. The processes of physiology also contribute to the concept of neurophysiology. The
nervous system controls all the functions of the body. It also contributes to how the mind operates.
With regard to the explanation of the mind body problem, it is quite evident it has a relationship
with the concept of neurophysiology. This topic attracted many scientists who were greatly
interested in conducting further research and studies to

Comparing Hume And Leibniz's Pre-Established Harmony
God is not important in the philosophy of Hume and Nietzsche given that their works refer to the
tenets of naturalism rather than focusing on whether actions are right or wrong. In fact, Nietzsche
believed that God is dead. As such, he does not ascribe to the views from Kant that God's
commandments are ingrained in the rationality of human beings. According to Nietzsche, there is no
such thing as moral facts. Accordingly, Hume was a naturalist whose work was not base on
deontological maxims. Both Hume and Nietzsche believed that no human belief is based on rational
justification. In this regard, the two philosophers argued that humans could not believe in morality
given that none of their beliefs has a rational basis.
Leibniz's "Pre–established Harmony" refers to a philosophical theory relating to causation whereby
every substance affects only itself, but every substance interacts casually with each other because
God has programmed them to complement each other. Leibniz's uses the Pre–established Harmony
to explain how the mind interacts with the body. With regard to the Pre–established Harmony, Kant
would have termed it an unjustified fantasy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Hegel questions the authenticity of Leibniz's assertion by asking why God could not
choose any other means if he merely uses evil to achieve good. Hegel's seeks to understand the
appearance of evil in humanity and the justification of wickedness that offends humanity. Leibnitz
discusses three forms of evil namely natural evil, Moral evil, and metaphysical evil. Hegel interprets
Leibnitz metaphysical evil in order to understand how the world is and how it ought to

Definition Of A Right?
Definition of a Right A right is a concept in which a person has ownership of a metaphysical aspect
pertaining to one's self. That is, a right is a concept that first exist in the mind. Accordingly, where
rights are concerned, it is similar to property; however, it cannot be taken away. A right first must be
reasoned by the mind, where "the mind has the capacity to gain knowledge of some principles
through reason alone" (Snyder, 1986, p. 727). The human mind is able to reason out certain
concepts; of these concepts the idea of ownership over something comes into play. Further, the
ability to reason out a concept such as right, or rather innate ownership of something is known. For
example, the mind is able to reason out that there exists a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Where life and liberty are concerned, these are metaphysical concepts in which the mind has
reasoned out to be distinct from the body, but are still part of personal property. Meaning, we have
reasoned out that the concepts of life and liberty are our property, and as property we have a duty to
ensure that it is kept intact with all things capable of reason. Further, because we have this duty, we
also have a right to these concepts. Where there is a duty, there is to give someone rights; then they
have a claim. Thus, all beings that can reason have a claim to rights because all beings have a duty
to give these rights to other rational beings. Therefore, a right is simply the metaphysical concepts a
person is able to reason out to be district in things that can reason, and are in conformity with natural
law. Natural law is "a point of intersection between law and morals... what naturally is, out to be"
(Wacks, 2015, p.15). Natural has given us our bodies and minds, morals are subjective. When
parried with our reasoned–out rights, we then have moral concepts that are our property. Simply,
there are concepts that can be morally justified as being innate to human existence. These concepts
are what natural law has given to us. A right is then the sum concepts of duties owed to natural law,
our moral concepts, reasoned out concepts, and then rights given by nature. We have a duty to obey
nature, nature as certain

Management
Definitions[edit]
Although there are different definitions of brand positioning, probably the most common is:
identifying and attempting to occupy a market niche for a brand, product or service utilizing
traditional marketing placement strategies (i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging, and
competition).
Positioning is also defined as the way by which the marketers attempt to create a distinct impression
in the customer's mind.
Positioning is a concept in marketing which was first introduced by Jack Trout ( "Industrial
Marketing" Magazine– June/1969) and then popularized by Al Ries and Jack Trout in their
bestseller book "Positioning – The Battle for Your Mind." (McGraw–Hill 1981)
This differs slightly from the context in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many individuals confuse a core idea concept with a positioning concept. A Core Idea Concept
simply describes the product or service. Its purpose is merely to determine whether the idea has any
interest to the end buyer. In contrast, a Positioning Concept attempts to sell the benefits of the
product or service to a potential buyer. The positioning concepts focus on the rational or emotional
benefits that buyer will receive or feel by using the product/service. A successful positioning
concept must be developed and qualified before a "positioning statement" can be created. The
positioning concept is shared with the target audience for feedback and optimization; the Positioning
Statement (as defined below) is a business person's articulation of the target audience qualified idea
that would be used to develop a creative brief for an agency to develop advertising or a
communications strategy.
Positioning Statement As written in the book Crossing the Chasm (Copyright 1991, by Geoffrey
Moore, HarperCollins Publishers), the position statement is a phrase so formulated: For (target
customer) who (statement of the need or opportunity), the (product name) is a (product category)
that (statement of key benefit – that is, compelling reason to buy). Unlike (primary competitive
alternative), our product (statement of primary differentiation).
Differentiation in the context of business is what a company can hang its hat on that no other
business can.

The Mind Body Concept Of Healing
The mind–body concept of healing is not new. What is now called Hypnosis has been known to
exist in almost all societies in the past, although its nature has hardly been understood.
Although the term "hypnosis" has been used only since the 1840s, priests, shamans, healers and
medicine men began using this technique, or some form of it, centuries earlier. Evidence of
hypnotic–like phenomena appears in many ancient cultures. There are written records about
hypnosis going back 5,000 years in Mesopotamia and Egypt and 2,500 years ago in ancient China
and Greece.
In ancient Greece, Asklepius the Divine Physician became the focus of a widespread cult and
sleeping temples were erected to him all over. In those sleeping temples the sik people would enter a
dimly lit stone room called "Abaton" and recline on a stone bench that was elevated on one end,
much like a chaise lounge. This bench was called a "Klini", which is the origin of the modern word
"clinic." The patients were prepared for several days in advance with purifying waters, baths, and
fasting. They learned to relax into a peaceful calm.
Then, on the day of their treatment they would enter the Abaton. They were instructed to recline on
the klini, to enter their calm reverie and silently await the attending physician. He would then come
into the chamber and whisper his intention to them, based on their illness or condition. He might
say, "I'm going to take your headaches away," or "You can eat anything you want now,

Strawson Dualism
A more contemporary version of dualism is property dualism. P. F. Strawson, in the papers
"Persons" (1958) and "Self, mind and body" (1966) explore the concept of person, and he is not
agree with the Cartesian view, that a person is just 'a mind'. As a result, Strawson leadership a view
of the person comprise of a body and a mind equally applicable to an individual, not just as two
separate substances. But how this new view of the person derives in a new kind of dualism? The
answer can be found in the Strawson's definition of a person; Strawson proposes that there are two
predicates that are equally applicable to the concept of person. Strawson (1958/1991) explicitly said
that:
What I mean by a concept of person is the concept of a type ... Show more content on
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Although Strawson's views describe the subject in terms of physical and mental, and this view may
present and advance in substance dualism (Strawson suggest that the concept of mind should depend
on a material base), it is not clear how the M and P predicates interact, in other words how the
mental that seems to be is not physical –even if its ascribe to a physical subject– makes part of the
physical reality of the subject. Moreover, Strawson (1966/1981) seems to suggest that both are
independently: "During a lifetime of a human being, two of these things, one of each kind, are
peculiarly intimately related; but the intimacy of their union does not count against or diminish the
essential independence of their nature" (Strawson, 1966/1981, p.58). And how those two properties
are related is not clear, in other words if the P–properties are non–physical properties of physical
subjects how that non–physical properties appears and how something non–physical interact with
the

Rene Descartes Meditations: Distinction Between Mind And Body
In this paper I will focus on some Meditations from the book First Philosophy, more particularly
chapter Meditation VI entitled "The existence of material things, and the real distinction between
mind and body". The work of this is by the philosopher Rene Descartes, who analyses the
fundamental difference between mind and body, which is a dilemma that has been the subject of
philosophical studies for decades, and is yet to be understood completely. Through this essay I will
also speak upon the strengths and weakness of Descartes concept and some of the consequences
within. Lastly, I will give my personal insight on this philosophy.
Rene Descartes(1596 – 1650), was considered to be one of the fathers of modern philosophy. He
also happens to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was greatly influenced by the argument that there is no concrete evidence that the mind and body
are separate from one another. I believe this, as the argument about if the physical aspect of the
mind, a.k.a the brain, is compromised through some form of trauma than the mind is compromised
as well. If the body and mind are two separate beings than that would mean the damage of one
would not affect the other, which is not the case through a medical perspective. Descartes theory
fails to thoroughly dsphere the roles of the mind and body on how they are essentially connected.
This does not satisfy the purpose of explaining the reasoning to why the mind is different from the
body. Descartes arguments are simple and logical but they are infallible. One argument that i
disagree with is that he claims that the mind is different from the body because the mind is
indubitable and the body is dubitable. He considers the mind as indubitable due to its ability to
think. He considers the body to be dubitable due to his beliefs that the existence of the body can be
doubted, meaning it may or may not exist. This concept lacks proof as the mind has never been seen
without the brain. The second argument I would like to arise to why I feel as if Descartes concept is
not significant is because in regards to the distinction of the mind and body, the mind is seen as the
main outlet, and the body is merely seen as the extension of the brain. Furthermore, I reject
Descartes concept as I think the mind and body are simply connected and that the mind aids the
brain by responding to neurological and chemical receptors in the brain. This can be seen when one
takes certain drugs, as the the drug

St. Anselm Of Canterbury
For centuries, philosophers have been concerned with proving the existence of god, and from this
has sprouted many arguments attempting to prove or disprove god's existence from a wide variety of
different perspectives. St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury has proved a true pioneer in the study
of the philosophy of religion. Anselm provided one of the most crucial and influential solutions to
solving the mystery of god's existence, the Ontological Argument. While there were many different
arguments (along with their originators) discussed during the religion presentation, it will be
Anselm's that we focus on. While Anselm's ontological argument is seen as one of the most
influential arguments created about god's existence, it is not ... Show more content on
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4. Thus, if God exists only as an idea in the mind, then we can imagine something that is greater
than God (that is, a greatest possible being that does exist).
5. But we cannot imagine something that is greater than God (for it is a contradiction to suppose that
we can imagine a being greater than the greatest possible being that can be imagined.)
6. Therefore, God exists.
The ontological argument described by Anselm is a purely logical argument. It sets out to prove the
definition of god by using just logic and abstract reasoning to plead its case. Essentially Anselm's
argument is the same type of argument as saying 2+2=4. It relies not on experimentation or
observation to reach its conclusion. The main strength in Anselm's argument is that he demonstrates
that the concept of god is not illogical. He shows that even the most non–believers have some
concept of what god is in their mind – an all mighty being, the most powerful being, etc. Anselm's
definition of what god is, "...a being than which nothing greater can be conceived", further
strengthens his argument because it suggests that the idea of a perfect being implies all aspects of
perfection. Existence is seen as an element of perfection. It is also agreed by many that it is more
perfect to exist than not to. Therefore, god must exist. Anselm elaborates on this logical conclusion
by stating that "...than which nothing greater can be conceived, cannot exist in the

The Human Mind Applies The Concept Of Beauty
The human mind applies the concept of beauty to the objects it perceives. Without a spectator, a
creation has no value. Does art require an audience in order to be branded 'beautiful'? A recent
exhibition at the Talbot Rice Gallery titled 'Beholder' aimed to answer the contemporary opinion of
'what is beautiful?' In this exhibition an artist Anthony Schrag wrote a brief essay that accompanied
his work. In it he wrote: "I think we forget that art objects are just that – objects, paper, pigment,
wood and glue, canvas or glass: it is only a thing. But it is us and our human interactions that give
these objects meaning, power and beauty." [1] This statement reconsiders the outlook on how
individuals place the term beauty upon. Taking into consideration how taste and life experiences
would impact the way the viewer felt towards the artwork before them. The exhibition as a whole
displayed various use of subject matter and media, from historic artworks to contemporary internet
film pieces. This vast range makes the collection appealing to every audience's interest. Overall the
chosen pieces hung harmoniously together within the gallery's white walls. All individual in their
own right but as a unit create a balanced display of visuals, which mirrors not only the theme of the
exhibition but perhaps societies generalised notion of beauty as well. Situated centrally on the wall
of the gallery is a piece by Edward Summerton, 2wit 2woo and RSPB. It is titled 'Flock of Starlings'
(2010).

Dualism And Dualism
Julia Hartmann
November 30, 2017
Essay #2 Leibniz's law
TA: Jordan Bell
A Dualist's Point of View: How Mental States are distinct from Physical States The mind and the
body are very controversial entities that has caused philosophical debate between dualists and
physicalists. Common knowledge states that the mind inevitably will affect what the body does. The
mind and body issue is a question of what the nature of the mind is and how it relates to the body.
The mind is the psychological aspect of your being as in your mental state. The body is all physical
parts of you: your height, weight, color. With all this in mind, we can use Leibniz's Law to make an
argument supporting either a physicalist or dualist point of view. I will be ... Show more content on
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Physical states are investigated by the sciences and mostly are measurable. Physical properties
include but are not limited to color, shape, weight, smell, and opacity. In the eyes of a dualist these
states are completely different but a physicalist would argue that they are equivalent. The argument
that physical and mental states are in fact distinct and can be made valid is shown through Leibniz's
Law also known as the notion of sameness. To understand Leibniz's Law we must first master
identity. This identity is not in terms of qualitative identity like twins but numerical identity.
Numerical identity is the notion of "being the same thing as" and that Everything is identical with
itself. The structure for Leibniz's law is if X equals Y then all aspects of X must equal all aspects of
Y. Leibniz's Law can be used to compare physical and mental states depending on if a dualist or a
physicalist is making the argument. The structure for a dualist is as follows: premise 1: mental states
have property X, premise 2: physical states lack property X, therefore mental states and physical
states are different because one has while the one lacks a certain property. Here is my argument for a
dualist: mental states have the properties that include emotion, physical states lack emotion.
Therefore mental states and physical states are not the same. In premise one I argue that mental
states have properties that include emotion.

Differences Between Plato And Aristotle
When discussing the theory of knowledge between Plato and Aristotle, it comes to no surprise that
these two men have contributed such tremendous ideas, concepts and information pertaining to the
field of philosophy. We constantly are seeking to find out more information on how these two men
have opened up such an interesting and educational concept, and how we can apply these theories
and information to better understand our own lives. We as scientists and psychologists are constantly
asking ourselves the question of Nature vs. Nurture, and how we can come close to some form of an
answer to it. Plato believed that the mind and the soul were one in the same, and believed in more of
concepts and theories to ensure and prove his ideas. However, Aristotle believed that the mind and
the soul were two separate entities entirely and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thankfully, we are able to access the world of how Psychology and philosophy really began, and
how these two men were able to create a basic understanding of their world around them and how
they contributed to it. Without these astonishing Men giving their perspectives in the line of
philosophy and psychology, we may never been able to ask ourselves questions like "how do the
mind and body contribute to one another?" or "How is the mind separate from the soul?" Or any of
the other questions that keep psychology alive and thriving. Unfortunately there are no right or
wrong answers to the question of Nature vs. Nurture, except that both of these concepts can be it.
Both Nature and Nurture of a human being will influence the behaviors and outcomes of
individuals. Allowing us to accept this answer allows us to take both of these philosophers' concepts
into consideration and really have a definite answer as to why humans behave and act like they

The Concept Of Imagination, By Giambattista Vico And...
The concept of imagination is classified to be highly significant within the presence of our
contemporary generation as it is construed from diverse forms of perspectives. The role of
imagination is defined to be imperative within the cognitive spectrum as it allows individuals to
understand the functionality of the human mind within the world (Pern 162). Furthermore, the
concept of imagination is fundamental within the study of cultural psychology, as well as
apprehending the objective behind the study of semiosis (process of signs) (Pern 162). In addition,
philosophers and thinkers have centralized various forms of explanations and theories regarding the
source that stimulates imagination and how it is a critical part of understanding human behavior
within society (Pern 163). For example, famous philosophers and thinkers Giambattista Vico and
Thomas Hobbes emphasized the significance of imagination and semiotic activity within their
respective theories (Pern 162–163). Additionally, Vico and Hobbes addressed similar and divergent
ideologies regarding the process of imagination conceptualizing how the concept of imagination is
imperative to understanding the human experience. Giambattista Vico established his ideology
concerning imagination on the grounds of independence as imagination does fulfill the function of
rationality and logical thinking. However, Hobbes held a contradictory viewpoint on the different
concepts driven by the human mind such as sensitivity,

Examples Of Archetypes
Carl Jung described archetypes as important recollections of the past human experiences that are
present in the unconscious mind in a combined form. Here, we describe these archetypes as patterns
and images, which are actualized by the conscious mind in a number of forms, when viewing the
outside world.
One needs to remember that common archetypes in this regard include the concept of the trickster,
the flood, the child and the mother. These are the examples, which we observe in different cultures
around the world. Archetypes however, can also occur as symbols and not necessary become
available in a real object or concept.
Jung described archetypes as belonging to different categories. First, there are archetypal events,
such as birth, marriage, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, we will go on to further explain these important archetypes that are named above.
There are various archetypes that Jung described. These are divided into the ego, the soul, the
persona, the shadow, the animus and the self archetypes. These types are further explained here, and
the important archetypes are then defined after them.
The Ego
There are four ego archetypes that we are going to discuss here. There can be a lot more of them, as
this is a fluid concept, and different archetypes often transition into one another, as well as represent
new archetypal identities. First, it is essential to understand the concept of ego, and then we will be
understand how these archetypes fit into this particular type.
The concept of ego can be defined as the main consciousness, which is a complex quantity and is
constituted through the inputs of the unconscious mind that provides impressions and certain agenda
items.
Psychology defines ego as the constituents of one's character, in terms of behaving on the presence
of external factors, as well as internal images, which are described by Jung as primordial concepts
built into the collective human unconscious

Organ System: Mind Map
Source: Mind Map
Describe the source
A mind map is a diagram used to visualize information. It is often created around a single concept,
drawn as an image on a blank page, associated with representations of ideas such as words, main
ideas, key words. The main ideas are connected directly to the central concept and other ideas
branch out from those.
State which concept it has helped you with
The mind map has helped me gain further understanding of the 'Organ System'.
Discuss how it has helped you gain a better understanding of the concept
The way in which this mind map has assisted me to obtain a greater understanding of the concept is
by the visual image of the tree branch form. It identifies organ structures that is included in one
system but may also be included in another. For example, the testes and ovaries produce hormones
and are therefore part of the endocrine system; however, these same ... Show more content on
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YouTube clips assist me in understanding the work with a direct perception. My perception of
learning off YouTube clips is like having a one–on–one class. Being able to listen and visualize what
is being said gives a much broader and finer explanation of what is being taught. Allowing pausing
and writing down what is being said has also helped me gained a better understanding of the
concept. Throughout Mr. Rasmussen's video clip of the 'Organ System of the Human Body' he
relatively linked back to how the organs work together to perform one or more functions. As well as,
functions of the body's organ systems overlap considerably and your body cannot function without
the co–operation and of all of the organ system. One failure of an organ can lead into a disability or
even death. How he describes and identifies each 11 organs and how they function together to
secure the body has given me a comprehensive explanation of how organs systems work and the
effect to our body of a failure of one

Self Theory And Self Concept
Self concept is closely related to self efficacy, which is one's capabilities to organize and execute the
course of action required to produce or achieve in life. This is how one sees themselves. These
beliefs about oneself are defined as an individual's self concept. In other words, a person's self
concept is that person's perception of him or herself. These perceptions are formed through a
number of avenues including experience, reinforcement, evaluations from others, and one's
explanation for behavior. Self concept is especially influenced by reinforcements or evaluations
from one's self or from the people that they associate with (Bong, 2003). A simple example of self
concept would be a small child who is trying to hit a baseball for the first time. If the child swings
and misses and his father reinforces by saying the pitch was too fast, the child might form an
opinion or self concept that he cannot hit a fast pitch. So when faced with another situation where he
is given a fast pitch, he may question his ability to hit the ball (Shavelston & Bolus, 1992). This
example only touches the surface of self concept formation as it can be much more complex than a
simple comment from a parent. It can take an child many experiences before their self concept
solidifies. Self concept can be formed through an individual's evaluation of his or her behavior in
certain situations (Shavelston & Bolus, 1992). Self concept has seven critical features: It is
organized or

Analysis Of The Article ' The Bounds Of Cognition '
This paper will make critiques of arguments made by Fred Adams and Kenneth Aizawa in their
article The Bounds of Cognition, as well as Sean Allen–Hermanson's Superdupersizing the Mind:
Extended Cognition as the Persistence of Cognitive Bloat. The purpose of this paper will be to
address a few of the attacks in defence of Clark and Chalmers' extended mind theory (EMT) by
critiquing each author's respective arguments. To preface this paper, a brief introduction of Clark
and Chalmers' extended mind theory is in order . The essential core of EMT is that the mind extends
beyond the skin into the environment. This implies that various facets of the environment can be
incorporated into the mind when interacted with in certain situations. For ... Show more content on
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Their example of the relationship between kidneys and the circulatory system seems to hold some
merit, it shows that although there is a coupled, causal system, in which the kidneys are interacting
with the circulatory system to complete a task that could not be done by a single part of the system.
The kidneys require the circulatory system to filter toxins, but the kidneys are not the circulatory
system, they are two distinct entities within the relationship. This implies that an individual's
interactions with the environment are not extended, however this does not apply to language.
Language is incorporated into the internal processes of the mind even when not coupled to a
tangible subsystem within the environment. How is it that parts of the environment can be
symbolized through words, and interact causally within the mind to represent concepts and think
without the extension of the mind into the environment? At any given time, I can think of the Grand
Canyon, a small town in Italy, or my Christmas coffee mug without having the physicality of that
thing in front of me. If my mind is not fully extended into the cognitive tool that is language, what is
the distinct subsystem that my mind is coupling with to conjure these representations? To phrase this

Concepts of Terrorism in Terror in the Mind of God by...
Concepts of Terrorism in Terror in the Mind of God by Juergensmeyer
The reason I picked this book is because I have always been curious about terrorism. Truthfully, I
really didn't expect the book to take the stance it did, which focused mainly on the religious
implications of what influences people to commits acts of terror. I liked the fact that the book takes
new angles in approaching the search for truth, by focusing on case studies and performing
interviews with the people who have committed terrorist acts. This is like getting the insiders view
of the inner workings and frame of mind people have before, during, and after they have
unswervingly performed the acts of violence.
In the first chapter, Juergensmeyer states, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
in the field of political science from U.C. Berkeley with an emphasis on South Asia and comparative
politics. He has also taken the liberty to study the following languages, Hindi, Panjabi, Urdu,
German, and Latin.
Because of this mastery of multiple languages I feel it has provided him an advantage on getting
insight on the different cultures he has studied since knows the language. The reason I say this is due
to the fact that all languages have different meanings and innuendoes built that none speakers might
not pick up. One example of this in the English language is sarcasm. Also, it has always been said
that little things get missed through translation, because not all languages translate verbatim with
each other. For this book, he elected the help from several sources. He spent a page and a half listing
out people such as Ehud Sprinzak (Israel), Zaid Abu–Amr (Hamas movement), Warden David
Rardin (prison interviews), and many more to that could be listed. The basic argument that
Juergensmeyer makes is that religious terrorism differs from other kinds of terrorism, and does
religion plays the justification role in introducing terrorism to the 'evils' of the world. At first glance,
the wealth of information, and sources that are presented, such as the one–on–one interview with
Mike Bray and Rev. Paul Hill. Throughout the book he makes different points differentiating
between political terrorism and religious terrorism. For instance,

What Are The Psychological Concepts Of Ryan's Subconscious...
The college years are the most influential years in a person's life. Not only do they help determine a
person's future, but they also help mold and shape a person's beliefs and personality in a way that
could stick with them for many years to come. With this in mind, picking a college can be a
strenuous and time consuming task. Ryan, (a high school senior) is having especial difficulty
choosing which college he should apply to. However, whether Ryan realizes it or not, many
psychological concepts are being drawn upon in his subconscious mind as he is beginning his
decision making. These concepts include, but are not limited to availability heuristic, the
hippocampus, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and self–fulfilling prophecy. Altogether, ... Show
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First of all, extrinsic motivation is occurring when a person performs a behavior or task to "...earn a
reward or avoid punishment."(psychology.about.com). In contrast, intrinsic motivation occurrs when
a person performs a behavior or task because it is "...personally rewarding..."
(psychology.about.com). In other words, an example of extrinsic motivation is a child playing a
sport in order to get praise from their parents. However, an example of intrinsic motivation would be
a child playing a sport because they find the activity enjoyable. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
pertain to the motives Ryan has for applying to a college. For example, if Ryan decided to go to the
college where both his parents went to in order to receive praise from them, that would be an
extrinsic motivation. However, if Ryan decided to go to Florida Southern College not because both
his parents went there, but because he loves the ambiance of the campus, that would be a intrinsic

Growth Mind Concept Essay
Our children are the future of our country. The education they receive is crucial. Our children should
always be taught, at home and at school, that they have the potential to succeed and accomplish
whatever they dream of. A growth mindset concept will benefit these children early on by coming
into the classroom and flooding them with positivity. Phrases like "I can't", will be in the past if this
concept can be implemented early on. This concept can transform these students' mindsets both at
home, and at school to teach them to achieve any level they desire. What exactly is a growth mind
concept? Carol Dweck, Ph.D., professor of Psychology at Stanford University, and author of the
book Mindset, defines a growth mind concept by saying, "In ... Show more content on
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This system did cost money, however, and many schools are currently lacking that. Schools today
don't absolutely need this curriculum to be taught a growth mindset concept. The understanding of
Carol Dweck's concept and the dedication to use it is what is needed most. Teachers can utilize this
concept in every classroom without schools spending a penny. In Fiske's case study, posted by
Mindset Works, they discussed changing praise from performance based to effort based. This
challenging, but highly effective tactic is a step our schools can use to get the growth mindset
concept thriving in our children's schools. Also, it doesn't cost any money at

The Paradox Of Perfection
Using ontology, the conclusion of God's existence is that God is unique because he is omnipotent,
omniscient and omnipresent, which leads to his moral perfection. Some qualities of being morally
perfect include being loving, benevolent and just. God has been thought to be the ultimate and sole
creator, creating and conceptualising the world and everything in it. There are painfully unfair
amounts of suffering in the world. In Australia alone, forty– seven thousand people will die of
numerous variations of cancer. Over 40 million people are in poverty. Every 21 seconds, a child dies
from thirst. Suffering is everywhere, and millions of innocent people are affected every single day.
And that's just statistics from this year alone. Suffering, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The definition supports that perfection is not only, practical (real) but a theoretical concept. Taking a
realist view on ontology, we cannot know everything in the cosmos. Anti–realists believe however,
our perception of the world is dependent on our own mind and experiences and therefore, it is
impossible to know what is real. To Greek philosopher Aristotle, perfect meant complete, and
something "incomplete" could not be labelled as such because of the levels of unknown qualities
and so the "Paradox of Perfection" problems began. Living in a world where views constantly
change and shift, it is impossible to know everything, leaving incompleteness. Psychiatrist Greg
Miller believes this is how the concept of ontology was created. People saw God as a saint with
perfect morals to be their saviour. According to Miller, our mind subconsciously creates concepts we
want to be true, and our perception is not fully trustworthy. Perfection is an undefinable concept, the
definition can be applied to any person, object, place, concepts eg, because it is opinionated and
easily justifiable. Perfect= personal opinion, not a worldly agreeable concept. A red dress might be
perfect to one girl for her event, but to colour blind people red isn't real, it is an incomplete concept,
therefore they cannot judge its levels of perfection. The ontological argument states God is perfect,
but how we can really see it as that, if it is such an incomplete

Kant and Priori Synthetic Truths
Transcendental aesthetic deals with objects that can be perceived only as far as the mind can
perceive it, the mind can only know of those things that we are capable of sensing and feeling. A
synthetic judgment is one that connects the concept of B and A, but is not contained within each
other. Synthetic truths are those that that are true by virtue of empirical a fact that is to say that its
meanings and truths are determined by intuitions which can be representations of something that we
hold in our mind. Synthetic a priori truths are necessarily true and underdetermined by sensory
impressions, its truths are not determined by truth functional factors alone, and these truths are
based on intuition. Synthetic priori knowledge occurs when our mind organizes experiences so that
they become necessary and universal facts of our experience, since we don't experience causation
this is how the mind distinguishes between events, it helps us gain knowledge about the world. A
priori judgments are those that actually exist in the sciences and along with pure a priori judgments
in mathematics. A priori knowledge is that which is independent of experience like mathematics. A
priori knowledge is known through reason and through an understanding of how something works
instead of observing it. Two types of a priori cognition are space and time. This type of cognition is
from transcendental aesthetic because it deals with receptivity and how objects can actually be
perceived; it is what is

Phineas Gage Dualism
In the discussion of the human mind and how it actually works, there are a few distinct
philosophical concepts that many believe to be an accurate diagnosis. Three of these views are
Dualism, Physicalism, and Functionalism. They each portray a different view on how the mind
functions in some cases physically or even mentally and separate from the actual human brain.
perfect way to exam these approaches is to take an in depth look at the interesting case of Phineas
Gage. Gage, born in 1823, was a railroad construction worker in the northeastern region of the
United States. On September 13th in 1848, Gage was working on a railroad project in the state of
Vermont and was filling a whole with explosive gunpowder and was packing the power in powder ...
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These three Body–Mind views present possible ways to examine the accident that Phineas Gage
suffered an entire change in personality from. Physicalism presents the best argument for explaining
the Gage case. If everything is physical it is certainly logical for the personality and thought
processes of a human to change after enduring an entirely physical injury. Physicalism suggests that
everything about human beings can be explained just by looking at the pure physical processes of
the body and specifically the brain, so clearly it presents a sound argument for why Gage endured
such a drastic change in who he actually was. Gage according to dualism may have had the same
mind, but according the physicalism certainly did not have the same brain and therefore, to quote his
coworkers, "was no longer

Rene Descartes: The Personalist vs. the Naturalist Viewpoint
We can use the word history in so many ways and it can have so many meanings and usages. We
often find that using the term history without considering the underlying concepts can be
troublesome at best. In some instances we use the word history to articulate an actual event that has
happened prior to today. We can also say history to show a timeline that includes a group of events
or actions. We try to learn from history but often find ourselves repeating the patterns depending on
if we have learned anything previous history, sometimes repeating because we did learn effective
uses of past history. We want things to be consistent, in our minds we want to repeat those things
that went well and avoid the things that did not. So many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He separated the mind and the body into two separate and very different parts. The mind was
considered a non–material object. This concept of mind did not follow any of the laws of nature. He
viewed the body as the material part of the person which contained tubes that would carry thoughts
from the mind, almost as a rope on a marionette would to help the body move. Ironically, Descartes
who was credited with mind body separation has been buried with his head/mind in one place and
his body in yet another due to his coffin being too short. (Thorne, 1999)
Sometimes referred to as the "great man" theory, the personalistic theory states that there are few
individuals that we deem different or unique and that they are created with an extraordinary inner
quality that gives them abilities to perform extraordinary tasks. From a scientific perspective or
history this ability would then give them the ability to change history, to create new things with
nothing more than just their mind. They can shape the way we think and the way we do things with
little more than ideas or concepts. As a society we may consider them "genius". That individual
shapes not only his life by his individulal behaviors but also the lives of others (E.G. Boring, 1950).
We often refer to things as someone's idea, theory, or belief and this personalistic view shows that
personalism vs. naturalism still exists in today's society. Great leaders like Martin Luther King,
Hitler, Freud,

Immanuel Kant Vs Nietzsche Essay
When comparing the works and philosophy of Immanuel Kant with that of Friedrich Nietzsche, it is
apparent that they had very different views on the ideals of God, moral absolutism and any form of a
priori knowledge. Over the course of this essay, a comparison of the similarities and disparities
between Kant and Nietzsche's critical works will help us to find the commonalities in their views of
metaphysics as well as some interesting differences. It will also be shown how Nietzsche took the
Kant's ideas on dogmatic metaphysics and applied them to the practical world. Nietzsche is a
polarizing figure, as much in modern day society as he was in his own time. His radical argument
for the way the world should be viewed is of the upmost importance in the philosophical arguments
of philosophers and theologians alike. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Immanuel Kant expanded from the previous work of David Hume in the ideas of constructivism, in
that the mind is a repository that stores and sorts ideas by categories. Kant's expansion involved the
mind being an active part of the perception of the raw data that was being sensually experienced. He
counted the mind as living part of the sensual experience, instead of something resembling a file
system. (Baird 520) Friedrich Nietzsche held similar ideas on the concept of constructivism, but felt
that reality was a construct of the individual's perspective and not based in any absolute perspective.
Nietzsche's lack of faith in the idea of absolutism is key to his entire genre of philosophy and will
continue to be prevalent in this comparison to Kant. (Baird

Thirteen Ways Of Looking At A Blackbird Essay
Awe and confusion of reality is prevalent in human nature. Subconscious attitudes which affect the
perceptions of one's waking life are brought into judgement when questioning reality. Surrealism
examines the creativity of the subconscious mind, along with its reaction to perceived reality. Poet
Wallace Stevens uses his surrealistic writing style to express his questioning of reality. Themes of
ordinariness, found in Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird and Disillusionment of Ten O'clock,
bring forth the questioning of society's definition of normality. Through his abstract writing, Stevens
further questions the validity of the concept of normality. Nonetheless, ordinariness as a subject
suggests that the questioning of reality is universal. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stevens' Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird uses imagery pertaining to black birds in order to
examine the alternate versions of reality. Scrutinizing the many possible interpretations of ordinary
blackbirds challenges the concept of normality. Associating these overlooked creatures with great
power, such as being able to move a river, certainly brings a shift of perspective. Furthermore, the
acknowledgement of each blackbird's unique perspective represents variations of reality: "I was of
three minds, like a tree in which there are three blackbirds" (II, Stevens). Each of the blackbird's
minds contains different perspectives, therefore different variations of reality. Abstract and surreal
focus on the mundane blackbirds makes them no–longer seem ordinary, thus bringing the concept of
normality into question. Additionally, Steven's Disillusionment of Ten O'clock uses surrealism to
explore the connection between lifestyle and the subconscious mind. Wallace explores the concept
of shunning normality when he describes the standard white night gown as haunting. Living a
conventional lifestyle is seen as an indicator of a bland

The Human Mind In William Golding's Lord Of The Flies
Many have looked at Freud's description of the human mind as something that describes people and
the way of their behavior. Freud's division of the human mind consists of three things: the ID, the
Ego and the Superego. In William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies, these Freudian concepts can be
compared to the characters of Jack, Piggy, and Ralph. Jack fits into the concept of the Id that
overpowers the Ego and Superego, as is seen in his violent urges, carrying out of killing things and
the negative steps he takes in getting there. Piggy fits into the concept of the Superego, in the sense
that Piggy is logical and follows the rules. And Ralph fits into the concept of the Ego, as he is caught
between pleasing the Superego (Piggy) and the Id (Jack).
BODY 1 In Freud's behavioral concepts, ID is the concept in which the part of the mind that exert
our instinctual impulses and is the only element of the three that is present at birth. It's what we
pleasure and strive based on observation ("Id, ego, and super–ego"). In Golding's novel, Jack best
represents ID as he's always doing as he pleases, not listening to what others have to say, and
seeking pleasure in torturing Ralph and Piggy, as well as hunting. One example of this is when Jack
leaves with a group of littluns to go hunting instead of tending to the fire. This shows that he does as
he wishes without looking at the consequences or letting Ralph know of his doings. Another
example would be when Jack, along with his band

The And The Modern Education System
If the body and the mind are considered as a unity, it would be unwise to ignore the importance of
the body. However, that is exactly the case with the modern education system. To prepare their
students for tomorrow's world, many schools and teachers try to develop students' minds by
increasing the required course work and the amount of standardized tests. However, they worsen a
student's body condition by depriving him/her of the time to play and exercise. In "The Play
Deficit," the Dr. Gray believes that "the decline in opportunity to play has been accompanied by a
decline in empathy and a rise in narcissism" (Gray). Playing is a physical experience that develops
the body and the mental capacity to understand other people. The lack of ... Show more content on
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Physical education enhances the mind through giving students a healthier body, but many schools
have overlooked this fact. Carlson's and Gray's ideas are also well connected to the concept of
mindful learning. In "Mindful Learning," Langer discusses how applying mindfulness to learning
processes can free our brains from forming a mindset that limits our ideas. We can justify Dr. Gray's
argument using the ideas of mindful learning. Dr. Gray believes that playing is learning, as children
can learn many life lessons when they are enjoying their time. Langer explains mindful learning by
suggesting that "tasks are inherently good or bad. To get through the bad ones, we should look
forward to the good ones, or perhaps 'add a little sugar to help the medicine go down'" (222). If
having fun is the good task, and learning academic lessons is the bad task, then playing is exactly
the "sugar" that helps the learning process. When people are doing what they like, engagement in
these tasks leads to mindful learning. In addition to Gray's ideas, we can also see how Carlson's
argument is closely related to mindful learning. Carlson suggests that lack of exercise can lead to
passive experience in learning. Meanwhile, Langer suggests that, contrary to mindfulness, the
process of mindless learning occurs in passive learning as

Incognito: The Secret Lives Of The Brain By David Eagleman
Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain by David Eagleman is a book that explains what role we
play in how our brain functions. There is no main story to the book, however, there are seven
chapters with seven different themes. Each theme relates to different ways that the brain functions.
The first chapter, 'There's Someone In My Head, But It's Not Me', Eagleman discusses the
complexity of the human brain. He explains how our conscious mind is only a small part of the vast
inner workings of the mind. In the second chapter, 'The Testimony of the Senses: What Is
Experience Really Like?', Eagleman goes on to explain how our perception of the world is
extremely limited to what our brain wants us to see. The billions of neurons in the brain convert
light into images and the only images that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While a person may not understand why they make certain decisions, they are usually correct to
blame their unconscious. In 'The Kinds of Thoughts That Are Thinkable', chapter four, Eagleman
explores the relationships between the thoughts that people think and natural instincts. For example,
a man may be attracted to a younger woman because younger women are higher in fertility levels.
The man's instincts control his thoughts. Eagleman goes further into this and says that the conscious
mind–– the personality of the brain–– has the least say in the thoughts thought in the mind.
Eagleman explains how the brain is controlled by competing parts in chapter five, 'The Brain Is A
Team of Rivals'. Specifically, Eagleman discusses the battle between the logical and the emotional
thoughts of the brain and many other sub battles beyond that. For example, Eagleman explains how
one can understand what a secret is. "When there are competing votes in the brain – one for telling,
and one for withholding – that defines a secret.

Causal Completeness Research Paper
The point of this essay is to explain the concepts of Causal Completeness, Dualism, and Downward
Causation. Also I will explain why these three concepts cannot be true all at once. Lastly, I will
indicate my position of those three concepts. Causal Completeness is the concept that a physical
event has a physical explanation. Every physical effect has an immediate and sufficient physical
cause (Papineau 2008, p53–54). If you believe in this then every movement and thought can be
traced back to a physical event. For instance, you decided to open the door. The door is being
opened by your hand which is a physical event. The action of your hand moving is also a physical
event. What causes your hand to move can be led back to another physical ... Show more content on
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We all have thoughts and perceptions; according to Dualism those events are not part of our bodies.
Our bodies mainly focus on our actions such as movement. But your thoughts and beliefs are stored
in your mind and movements are coming from your body. Lastly, Downward Causation is when the
mind can influence physical events to occur. Our thoughts, wills, and perceptions are all connected
to our minds. Every one of those can affect our bodies to produce an action. If you believe in
Downward Causation every physical movement produced is because of a mental event. For
example, deciding to sit down rather than stand up Downward Causation says the mind produced
that action. You see a chair; your mind has these thoughts which are to either sit down or stand up.
Once you decide the action it goes to your body which produces your action. The fundamental
trilemma of the mind creates a problem combining all concepts Causal Completeness, Dualism, and
Downward Causation. Such as, believing in Causal Completeness and Downward Causation would
eliminate Dualism. Combining those two would simply mean that the mind is physical. If Dualism
were to come into the picture it would cause a contradiction. Dualism says that mind and body are
separated from one another. Physicalism states that there is a mind but it is just part of the body
another physical

What Is The Haudenosaunee Concept Of The Path To A Good Mind
For the Haudenosaunee people, the path to a good mind is one of the key factors in their great law.
The novel 7 Generations by David Robertson represents the Haudenosaunee concept of the path to a
good mind. 7 Generations represents the concept of a path to a good mind through peace, power,
and righteousness. One of the first representations of the path to a good mind in 7 Generations is the
concept of peace. The key element to the Haudenosaunee concept of a good mind is peace. In the
novel 7 Generations by David Robertson the Haudenosaunee concept of the path to a good mind is
represented through peace. Edwin's father James is telling him about his time at Residential school,
"It's not the same though, there it's loneliness, here it's peace." (Robertson 82). This line ... Show
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In the novel 7 Generations by David Robertson the Haudenosaunee concept of a path to a good
mind is represented through righteousness. Edwins father drops Edwin off near the woods but before
Edwin goes, he turns to his father, " I want you to have this as you continue on your journey."
(Robertson 127). This line represents Edwin returning his father's necklace, by returning his
necklace this shows how Edwin is being righteous because it was the morally right thing to do. This
would bring righteousness into his life setting him down the path to a good mind. White Cloud, his
uncle and his men have came across a girl in a teepee with smallpox, they decide to leave her due to
the fact she is infected, "Nobody should be left to die. They'll understand." (Robertson 53). This line
represents White Cloud heading back during the night to find this girl. By going back for this girl it
shows he cares and he wants to do the right thing by saving this girl, a very righteous move. This
would bring righteousness into his life setting him down the path to a good mind. Righteousness is a
key element in the path to a good

Psychology : Mind Body Problem
Topic 1
Mind body problem tries to explain the states of the minds, occurrence of events, and action of
processes. For instance, thinking is related to other processes and events of the mind. The fact that
the mind is not physical in nature and the body is physical attests to this explanation. Mind body
problem relate to some of the scientific concepts in different kind of ways. The relationship between
the mind body problem and the concepts of neurophysiology, psychophysics and theory of evolution
is discussed below.
Neurophysiology
This concept majorly deals with how the nervous system functions. It comes from the concept of
neuroscience. The processes of physiology also contribute to the concept of neurophysiology. The
nervous system controls all the functions of the body. It also contributes to how the mind operates.
With regard to the explanation of the mind body problem, it is quite evident it has a relationship
with the concept of neurophysiology. Neurons are microscopic cells that compose the human brain.
The functions of the nervous system involve the operations of these neuron cells. The mind, for
instance, is controlled by the activities of the nervous system. The activities of the nervous system of
an individual will be determined by processes like thinking in a human being (Christensen, 2013).
Thinking is always a mental issue and therefore will result into a series of many activities in the
brain. This in turn leads to strain in the brain since it is quite

Cartesian and Platonic Philosophical Themes in The Matrix...
This essay will examine the philosophical questions raised in the movie The Matrix. It will step
through how the questions from the movie directly relate to both skepticism and the mind–body
problem, and further how similarly those problems look to concepts raised by both Descartes' and
Plato's philosophies. It will attempt to show that many of the questions raised in the movie are
metaphor for concepts from each philosopher's works, and why those concepts are important in
relation to how they are presented in the film. In this analysis, we will examine the questions of
skepticism and the mind–body problem separately. Part one will examine how the film broached the
subject of skepticism, and in doing so how it ties in to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simply put, the Matrix represent a system of complete and utter deception and cradle to grave
control of those minds trapped within, all sharing the computer generated complex illusion. The
Matrix as the evil genius or malicious demon should not be difficult to grasp. The parallels are there,
near the surface, as Descartes surmises that an all–powerful malevolent entity has focused all its
energies on to him to deceive him on every level of his existence (Descartes, 49). The Matrix as a
system represents that very concept; as it can change the layout of buildings and the nature of things
inside the Matrix within on a whim, it can manipulate events to influence the outcome of all of the
lives contained inside, and that it shows one what it wants one to see in order to hide the fact that
they are all just dreamers trapped in capsules full of goo with cables hooked to every nerve bundle
tying the subjects nervous systems to the false reality of the Matrix (Sanders, 215). References to the
Cave are not very deep below the surface either, perhaps more prevalent than the hints of Descartes.
At the same time that the Matrix is

Essay on Gilbert Ryle’s The Concept of Mind
Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind
Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind (1949) is a critique of the notion that the mind is distinct from
the body, and is a rejection of the philosophical theory that mental states are distinct from physical
states. Ryle argues that the traditional approach to the relation of mind and body (i.e., the approach
which is taken by the philosophy of Descartes) assumes that there is a basic distinction between
Mind and Matter. According to Ryle, this assumption is a basic 'category–mistake,' because it
attempts to analyze the relation betwen 'mind' and 'body' as if they were terms of the same logical
category. Furthermore, Ryle argues that traditional Idealism makes a basic 'category–mistake' by
trying to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are no mental processes which are distinct from intelligent acts. The operations of the mind
are not merely represented by intelligent acts, but are the same as intelligent acts. Thus, an act of
remembering, dreaming, knowing, or willing is not merely a clue to some hidden mental process or
intellectual operation, it is how that mental process or intellectual operation is defined. A logical
proposition is not merely a clue to a particular mode of reasoning, it is that mode of reasoning.
Ryle rejects the doctrine that the will is a faculty within the mind, and the doctrine that volitions are
mental processes which the human body transforms into physical acts. Ryle explains that this
doctrine is an example of the myth that mental acts are distinct from physical acts, and of the myth
that there is a mental world which is distinct from the physical world. This doctrine of separation
between mind and body is referred to by Ryle as 'the dogma of the ghost in the machine.' Ryle
argues that there is no ghostly, invisible entity called 'the mind' inside a mechanical apparatus called
'the body.' The workings of the mind are not an independent mechanism which governs the workings
of the body. The workings of the mind are not distinct from the actions of the body, but are
conceptualized as a way of explaining the actions of the body.
Ryle argues that, according to the traditional theory of the mind, mental acts are regarded as causing
and

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