Identifications of different sugar cane varieties by muhammad faizan baloch
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•527 views
Hi, My name is Muhammad Faizan Baloch, got overall second position BSc(Hons) and Now I am a student of MSc(Hons) Entomology and also working as Research and Development Officer at Almoiz Industries Limited Dera Ismail Khan, KpK, Pakistan. From last few years, i am working on various Sugarcane and Sugar Beet research projects.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Potato breeding
The document discusses potato breeding, including the origin, botany, genetics, and breeding methods of potato. It provides details on several commercial potato varieties grown in India and their characteristics. The document also covers topics like biotechnology, future prospects, and the development of true potato seeds.
Improvement of chilli
This document provides an overview of improvement methods for chilli crops. It discusses the importance of chilli, its botanical classification and production areas. The key breeding objectives are then outlined such as increasing yield, pungency, and biotic/abiotic stress resistance. Major breeding methods used for chilli improvement are described in detail, including plant introduction and selection, hybridization techniques, and the development of some notable chilli varieties through these approaches. The role of genetic resources collections and heterosis breeding are also summarized.
Seed production agency and seed marketing in India
The document discusses seed production and marketing in India. It outlines the various government agencies involved in seed production at the national, state, and private levels. It also describes seed certification processes, the national seed project objectives, seed marketing structure and factors, and outlines India's policy towards custom seed production.
Maintenance breeding
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA AND ABROAD
This document provides an overview of plant quarantine in India and abroad. It discusses the origins and definitions of quarantine, the importance of plant quarantine, pests and diseases that have been introduced worldwide and in India, and the history of plant quarantine regulations internationally and in India. It describes the key agencies and procedures involved in plant quarantine in India, including import/export processes, inspection methods, and schedules related to the Plant Quarantine Order of 2003.
Central seed committee
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Central seed committee.
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility In Minor Crop - Sorghum
Sorghum is the world's 5th major cereal crop. It has emerged as ‘fuel’ crop
in addition to its food, feed and fodder utilities. Sorghum is predominantly a self pollinated
crop and development of new ‘varieties’ is a natural option for crop
improvement. However, there is 5 to 15% out-crossing in sorghum depending upon
the wind direction, nature of genotype, and humidity, which makes
it amenable for use in population improvement and hybrid development to exploit
the heterosis. is the world 5th important cereal crop in the world.
Core Collection
The document discusses core collections for plant genetic resources. It defines a core collection as a subset of accessions from a larger collection that captures most of the genetic diversity in the species. The document outlines various principles and methodologies for developing core collections, including stratifying the larger collection into groups and then sampling from each group. It also discusses using molecular marker data to help guide core collection development and validate that the core collection adequately represents the genetic diversity of the larger collection. The functions of a core collection are described as aiding conservation, characterization, evaluation, and distribution of representative germplasm.
Recommended
Potato breeding
The document discusses potato breeding, including the origin, botany, genetics, and breeding methods of potato. It provides details on several commercial potato varieties grown in India and their characteristics. The document also covers topics like biotechnology, future prospects, and the development of true potato seeds.
Improvement of chilli
This document provides an overview of improvement methods for chilli crops. It discusses the importance of chilli, its botanical classification and production areas. The key breeding objectives are then outlined such as increasing yield, pungency, and biotic/abiotic stress resistance. Major breeding methods used for chilli improvement are described in detail, including plant introduction and selection, hybridization techniques, and the development of some notable chilli varieties through these approaches. The role of genetic resources collections and heterosis breeding are also summarized.
Seed production agency and seed marketing in India
The document discusses seed production and marketing in India. It outlines the various government agencies involved in seed production at the national, state, and private levels. It also describes seed certification processes, the national seed project objectives, seed marketing structure and factors, and outlines India's policy towards custom seed production.
Maintenance breeding
Maintenance breeding is the branch of plant breeding that deals with producing and maintaining breeder seed to preserve the genetic purity and identity of plant varieties. It involves continuously producing fresh breeder seed through methods like growing isolated plots and bulk selection to remove off-types. Proper handling and roguing of the breeder seed crop is crucial. The breeder seed is then used to produce foundation seed while maintaining a carry-over stock to safeguard against losses. Maintenance breeding helps purify varieties and parental lines, prevent genetic deterioration, support quality seed production, and prolong the life of varieties.
PLANT QUARANTINE IN INDIA AND ABROAD
This document provides an overview of plant quarantine in India and abroad. It discusses the origins and definitions of quarantine, the importance of plant quarantine, pests and diseases that have been introduced worldwide and in India, and the history of plant quarantine regulations internationally and in India. It describes the key agencies and procedures involved in plant quarantine in India, including import/export processes, inspection methods, and schedules related to the Plant Quarantine Order of 2003.
Central seed committee
The Presentation is prepared by the N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to Central seed committee.
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility In Minor Crop - Sorghum
Sorghum is the world's 5th major cereal crop. It has emerged as ‘fuel’ crop
in addition to its food, feed and fodder utilities. Sorghum is predominantly a self pollinated
crop and development of new ‘varieties’ is a natural option for crop
improvement. However, there is 5 to 15% out-crossing in sorghum depending upon
the wind direction, nature of genotype, and humidity, which makes
it amenable for use in population improvement and hybrid development to exploit
the heterosis. is the world 5th important cereal crop in the world.
Core Collection
The document discusses core collections for plant genetic resources. It defines a core collection as a subset of accessions from a larger collection that captures most of the genetic diversity in the species. The document outlines various principles and methodologies for developing core collections, including stratifying the larger collection into groups and then sampling from each group. It also discusses using molecular marker data to help guide core collection development and validate that the core collection adequately represents the genetic diversity of the larger collection. The functions of a core collection are described as aiding conservation, characterization, evaluation, and distribution of representative germplasm.
Quality parameters in cucurbits & gourds
This document provides information on various cucurbit crops including cucumber, melons, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, and pumpkin. It discusses the uses, nutritional value, breeding objectives, and popular varieties of these crops. The document also describes the botanical and genetic characteristics of cucurbits as a group and highlights their importance as vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions.
SEED SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN (STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES)
This document summarizes Pakistan's seed system and procedures. It provides a brief history of seed legislation in Pakistan since 1976. It describes the key institutions and their roles, including the Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department. It outlines the seed certification process, variety registration requirements, and crop variety release system. It also provides data on certified seed availability and production, and summaries of regulations regarding seed imports.
Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding in Rice
1. The document discusses molecular marker-assisted breeding in rice. It provides details on the expertise and experiences of Dr. Jian-Long Xu in molecular rice breeding including allele mining and marker-assisted selection.
2. Marker-assisted selection is described as a method to select phenotypes based on the genotype of linked markers rather than the target gene itself. The advantages of MAS include time and cost savings compared to traditional field trials.
3. Requirements for large-scale application of MAS include validation of QTL in breeding materials, efficient genotyping protocols, and decision support tools for breeders.
Demand forecast of seed
1. Demand forecasting of seed involves anticipating the required seed quantity on the open market by understanding consumer behavior and other factors like total cultivated acreage, seed replacement rates, new varieties introduced, and climate.
2. The production of breeder seed is overseen by ICAR and undertaken by research institutions and state agricultural universities to meet indents collected from seed producing agencies.
3. Foundation seed is produced from breeder seed to meet certification standards and is produced by organizations like NSC, SSC, and state departments of agriculture.
4. Certified seed production involves assessing state-wise demand based on area sown and producing certified seed through state seed corporations, cooperatives, and private seed producers
Okra Breeding Techniques
1) Okra is an annual herbaceous plant cultivated as a summer vegetable in Bangladesh. It provides many nutrients and health benefits.
2) The objectives of okra breeding are to study cultivation practices, evaluate yield, analyze costs and benefits, identify problems, and propose solutions. Breeding methods include pure-line selection, pedigree method, mutation breeding, and heterosis breeding.
3) Constraints in okra production include seed germination issues due to temperature, flower and bud drop due to heat or cold, and pest damage causing deformed pods. Overcoming these constraints through improved breeding techniques could help increase okra production.
CHILLIES (GENETICS) FLORAL BIOLOGY,BREEDING PROCEDURE,OBJECTIVES
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
Mango breeding
Breeding of Mango, history, research, and availability of germplasm, hybridization in mango, caging technique, hybrids in mango etc.
Germplasm introduction and exchange
This document discusses germplasm introduction and exchange. It defines germplasm introduction as the transfer of crop plants or genetic resources from one area to another where they have not been cultivated before. The objectives of germplasm introduction include introducing new plant species, high yielding varieties, enriching germplasm collections, and obtaining new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The document outlines the types, agencies, and steps involved in plant introduction and exchange in India and internationally. It discusses the merits of introducing new germplasm, but also notes some potential demerits such as introducing new weeds, pests, or diseases.
General Principles of Seed Production Technology
This document discusses principles of seed production, including genetic and agronomic principles.
Genetically, seed purity can deteriorate due to factors like natural crossing, genetic drift, mutations and mechanical mixtures. Methods to prevent deterioration include maintaining isolation distances, roguing fields to remove off-type plants, and growing seed crops only in adapted areas. Seed certification verifies genetic purity and quality.
Agronomically, seed production requires selecting suitable climates and soil conditions for the crop. Isolation of seed plots, selection of high-quality seed sources and varieties, and following best practices for seed treatment, sowing method and timing are important to maximize yield and seed quality.
An Overview of IPRs in Indian Agriculture
Basic information about intellectual property rights in agriculture with respect to Indian scenario. Lecture by Dr SK Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
Training in Grapes.pptx
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Breeding of rice
GPB 311: RICE-Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Rice crop.
Seed certification procedure
The document outlines seed certification procedures, which ensure quality seeds for farmers. Seed certification verifies genetic identity and purity, germination rates, and freedom from diseases. It involves registering seed producers, inspecting seed fields for standards, processing and testing seeds, and issuing certificates for certified seeds. The goal is to provide high-quality seeds of improved varieties to increase crop production.
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh Pakistan
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables. Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Breeding
This document provides a summary of a presentation on intellectual property rights and their significance in plant breeding. It discusses various forms of intellectual property rights including patents, trademarks, copyrights, geographical indications, and plant variety rights. It describes India's Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority and the process for registering plant varieties in India, including eligibility criteria, application forms, fees, rights provided, and penalties for infringement.
Heterosis breeding in okra and chilly
This document provides information on heterosis breeding in okra and chilli. It discusses the objectives, genetic resources, breeding methods, and achievements for both crops.
For okra, the objectives are to develop hybrids with high yield, pods without hairs, early maturity, pest/disease resistance, dwarf plants, and stress tolerance. Key genetic resources and hybrids developed include A. manihot, Arka Abhay, and Kashi Pragati. Hybrids are made through hand emasculation and pollination.
For chilli, objectives are high yield/quality, export suitability, pest/disease resistance, and male sterility. Important genetic resources include various Capsicum species.
Asexuapropagation and clonal propagation
Some agricultural and horticultural crops such as sugarcane, potato, banana, and citrus propagate asexually through vegetative means rather than sexually from seeds. There are several reasons for this type of asexual reproduction: many of the crops are perennial plants that show reduced flowering and seed set or do not flower at all; propagating asexually avoids inbreeding depression in crops that are cross-pollinated and highly heterozygous; and some species are interspecific hybrids.
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seeds
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seedsUniversity of horticultural sciences, Bagalkote
The document discusses seed packaging, labeling, and storage. It describes the different types of containers used for packaging seeds, including moisture-proof and hermetically sealed containers for long-term storage. The key steps in seed packaging include preparing and weighing seeds, filling labeled containers, sealing containers to maintain moisture content, and recording packaging information. Quality control checks ensure containers are sealed properly and don't leak. Labels contain important information about the seed accession for identification and tracking.An effective technology for cauliflower seed production
An effective technology for cauliflower seed productionBRAC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, GAZIPUR, BANGLADFESH
Cauliflower is an important & popular nutritious vegetable crop of Bangladesh. It is normally grown here commercially in the winter season but seed production of cauliflower is rare in this country. Although there are several techniques of cauliflower seed production; curd scooping technique has been found to be effective in the good quality seed production of cauliflower at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) the details of which has been described in the article. #Suggested link of my you tube video on broccoli seed production at BARDC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyPw_0uDXE&t=47s Potato cultivation
Potatoes were introduced to Sri Lanka in 1850 from South America. Large-scale potato cultivation began in 1951 but failed due to pests and diseases. Potatoes were successfully cultivated starting in 1959 at research centers. Now potatoes are a major crop in Sri Lanka, especially in central highlands, Kalpitiya, and Jaffna. Potatoes require ridged fields, certified seed potatoes, fertilization, irrigation, weed control, and harvesting when leaves yellow. Diseases and pests threaten the crop but can be managed. Potatoes are stored and then used for many dishes or processed as chips, sweets, or starch.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
More Related Content
What's hot
Quality parameters in cucurbits & gourds
This document provides information on various cucurbit crops including cucumber, melons, bitter gourd, bottle gourd, and pumpkin. It discusses the uses, nutritional value, breeding objectives, and popular varieties of these crops. The document also describes the botanical and genetic characteristics of cucurbits as a group and highlights their importance as vegetables in tropical and subtropical regions.
SEED SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN (STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES)
This document summarizes Pakistan's seed system and procedures. It provides a brief history of seed legislation in Pakistan since 1976. It describes the key institutions and their roles, including the Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department. It outlines the seed certification process, variety registration requirements, and crop variety release system. It also provides data on certified seed availability and production, and summaries of regulations regarding seed imports.
Molecular Marker-assisted Breeding in Rice
1. The document discusses molecular marker-assisted breeding in rice. It provides details on the expertise and experiences of Dr. Jian-Long Xu in molecular rice breeding including allele mining and marker-assisted selection.
2. Marker-assisted selection is described as a method to select phenotypes based on the genotype of linked markers rather than the target gene itself. The advantages of MAS include time and cost savings compared to traditional field trials.
3. Requirements for large-scale application of MAS include validation of QTL in breeding materials, efficient genotyping protocols, and decision support tools for breeders.
Demand forecast of seed
1. Demand forecasting of seed involves anticipating the required seed quantity on the open market by understanding consumer behavior and other factors like total cultivated acreage, seed replacement rates, new varieties introduced, and climate.
2. The production of breeder seed is overseen by ICAR and undertaken by research institutions and state agricultural universities to meet indents collected from seed producing agencies.
3. Foundation seed is produced from breeder seed to meet certification standards and is produced by organizations like NSC, SSC, and state departments of agriculture.
4. Certified seed production involves assessing state-wise demand based on area sown and producing certified seed through state seed corporations, cooperatives, and private seed producers
Okra Breeding Techniques
1) Okra is an annual herbaceous plant cultivated as a summer vegetable in Bangladesh. It provides many nutrients and health benefits.
2) The objectives of okra breeding are to study cultivation practices, evaluate yield, analyze costs and benefits, identify problems, and propose solutions. Breeding methods include pure-line selection, pedigree method, mutation breeding, and heterosis breeding.
3) Constraints in okra production include seed germination issues due to temperature, flower and bud drop due to heat or cold, and pest damage causing deformed pods. Overcoming these constraints through improved breeding techniques could help increase okra production.
CHILLIES (GENETICS) FLORAL BIOLOGY,BREEDING PROCEDURE,OBJECTIVES
Chillies are an important crop scientifically classified under the plant kingdom, angiosperms, order Solanales, family Solanaceae, genus Capsicum. The document discusses several Capsicum species including C. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and their importance, cultivation, breeding objectives and varieties in India. It provides details on the floral biology, breeding methods, objectives and strategies used in chilli breeding programs. It concludes with an overview of major chilli varieties cultivated across different states in India.
Mango breeding
Breeding of Mango, history, research, and availability of germplasm, hybridization in mango, caging technique, hybrids in mango etc.
Germplasm introduction and exchange
This document discusses germplasm introduction and exchange. It defines germplasm introduction as the transfer of crop plants or genetic resources from one area to another where they have not been cultivated before. The objectives of germplasm introduction include introducing new plant species, high yielding varieties, enriching germplasm collections, and obtaining new sources of biotic and abiotic stress resistance. The document outlines the types, agencies, and steps involved in plant introduction and exchange in India and internationally. It discusses the merits of introducing new germplasm, but also notes some potential demerits such as introducing new weeds, pests, or diseases.
General Principles of Seed Production Technology
This document discusses principles of seed production, including genetic and agronomic principles.
Genetically, seed purity can deteriorate due to factors like natural crossing, genetic drift, mutations and mechanical mixtures. Methods to prevent deterioration include maintaining isolation distances, roguing fields to remove off-type plants, and growing seed crops only in adapted areas. Seed certification verifies genetic purity and quality.
Agronomically, seed production requires selecting suitable climates and soil conditions for the crop. Isolation of seed plots, selection of high-quality seed sources and varieties, and following best practices for seed treatment, sowing method and timing are important to maximize yield and seed quality.
An Overview of IPRs in Indian Agriculture
Basic information about intellectual property rights in agriculture with respect to Indian scenario. Lecture by Dr SK Soam, NAARM, Hyderabad
Training in Grapes.pptx
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Breeding of rice
GPB 311: RICE-Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Rice crop.
Seed certification procedure
The document outlines seed certification procedures, which ensure quality seeds for farmers. Seed certification verifies genetic identity and purity, germination rates, and freedom from diseases. It involves registering seed producers, inspecting seed fields for standards, processing and testing seeds, and issuing certificates for certified seeds. The goal is to provide high-quality seeds of improved varieties to increase crop production.
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh Pakistan
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables. Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Breeding
This document provides a summary of a presentation on intellectual property rights and their significance in plant breeding. It discusses various forms of intellectual property rights including patents, trademarks, copyrights, geographical indications, and plant variety rights. It describes India's Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority and the process for registering plant varieties in India, including eligibility criteria, application forms, fees, rights provided, and penalties for infringement.
Heterosis breeding in okra and chilly
This document provides information on heterosis breeding in okra and chilli. It discusses the objectives, genetic resources, breeding methods, and achievements for both crops.
For okra, the objectives are to develop hybrids with high yield, pods without hairs, early maturity, pest/disease resistance, dwarf plants, and stress tolerance. Key genetic resources and hybrids developed include A. manihot, Arka Abhay, and Kashi Pragati. Hybrids are made through hand emasculation and pollination.
For chilli, objectives are high yield/quality, export suitability, pest/disease resistance, and male sterility. Important genetic resources include various Capsicum species.
Asexuapropagation and clonal propagation
Some agricultural and horticultural crops such as sugarcane, potato, banana, and citrus propagate asexually through vegetative means rather than sexually from seeds. There are several reasons for this type of asexual reproduction: many of the crops are perennial plants that show reduced flowering and seed set or do not flower at all; propagating asexually avoids inbreeding depression in crops that are cross-pollinated and highly heterozygous; and some species are interspecific hybrids.
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seeds
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seedsUniversity of horticultural sciences, Bagalkote
The document discusses seed packaging, labeling, and storage. It describes the different types of containers used for packaging seeds, including moisture-proof and hermetically sealed containers for long-term storage. The key steps in seed packaging include preparing and weighing seeds, filling labeled containers, sealing containers to maintain moisture content, and recording packaging information. Quality control checks ensure containers are sealed properly and don't leak. Labels contain important information about the seed accession for identification and tracking.An effective technology for cauliflower seed production
An effective technology for cauliflower seed productionBRAC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, GAZIPUR, BANGLADFESH
Cauliflower is an important & popular nutritious vegetable crop of Bangladesh. It is normally grown here commercially in the winter season but seed production of cauliflower is rare in this country. Although there are several techniques of cauliflower seed production; curd scooping technique has been found to be effective in the good quality seed production of cauliflower at BRAC Agricultural Research & Development Centre (BARDC) the details of which has been described in the article. #Suggested link of my you tube video on broccoli seed production at BARDC: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOyPw_0uDXE&t=47s Potato cultivation
Potatoes were introduced to Sri Lanka in 1850 from South America. Large-scale potato cultivation began in 1951 but failed due to pests and diseases. Potatoes were successfully cultivated starting in 1959 at research centers. Now potatoes are a major crop in Sri Lanka, especially in central highlands, Kalpitiya, and Jaffna. Potatoes require ridged fields, certified seed potatoes, fertilization, irrigation, weed control, and harvesting when leaves yellow. Diseases and pests threaten the crop but can be managed. Potatoes are stored and then used for many dishes or processed as chips, sweets, or starch.
What's hot (20)
SEED SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN (STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES)
SEED SYSTEM IN PAKISTAN (STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES)
CHILLIES (GENETICS) FLORAL BIOLOGY,BREEDING PROCEDURE,OBJECTIVES
CHILLIES (GENETICS) FLORAL BIOLOGY,BREEDING PROCEDURE,OBJECTIVES
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...
cole vegetables ( introduction of cabbage, origin, floral formula, floral des...
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seeds
Packaging, labeling and packaging materials for seeds
An effective technology for cauliflower seed production
An effective technology for cauliflower seed production
Recently uploaded
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members. Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole SgrA* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources. Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H−K and K−L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node. Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and midinfrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of SgrA* are much shorter ( 2yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20◦, implying a common formation process. Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of SgrA*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of SgrA* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement. Key words. stars: black holes– stars: formation– Galaxy: center– galaxies: star formation
Post translation modification by Suyash Garg
overview of PTM helps to the students who wants to clear their basics about it.
Rodents, Birds and locust_Pests of crops.pdf
Mole rat or Lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicotabengalensis
•Head -round and broad muzzle
•Tail -shorter than head, body
•Prefers damp areas
•Burrows with scooped soil before entrance
•Potential rat, one pair can produce more than 800 offspringsin one year
Mechanics:- Simple and Compound Pendulum
a compound pendulum is a physical system with a more complex structure than a simple pendulum, incorporating its mass distribution and dimensions into its oscillatory motion around a fixed axis. Understanding its dynamics involves principles of rotational mechanics and the interplay between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Compound pendulums are used in various scientific and engineering applications, such as seismology for measuring earthquakes, in clocks to maintain accurate timekeeping, and in mechanical systems to study oscillatory motion dynamics.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Evaluation and Identification of J'BaFofi the Giant Spider of Congo and Moke...
ABSTRACT
The J'BaFofi, or "Giant Spider," is a mainly legendary arachnid by reportedly inhabiting the dense rain forests of
the Congo. As despite numerous anecdotal accounts and cultural references, the scientific validation remains more elusive.
My study aims to proper evaluate the existence of the J'BaFofi through the analysis of historical reports,indigenous
testimonies and modern exploration efforts.
一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Context. The early-type galaxy SDSS J133519.91+072807.4 (hereafter SDSS1335+0728), which had exhibited no prior optical variations during the preceding two decades, began showing significant nuclear variability in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) alert stream from December 2019 (as ZTF19acnskyy). This variability behaviour, coupled with the host-galaxy properties, suggests that SDSS1335+0728 hosts a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole (BH) that is currently in the process of ‘turning on’. Aims. We present a multi-wavelength photometric analysis and spectroscopic follow-up performed with the aim of better understanding the origin of the nuclear variations detected in SDSS1335+0728. Methods. We used archival photometry (from WISE, 2MASS, SDSS, GALEX, eROSITA) and spectroscopic data (from SDSS and LAMOST) to study the state of SDSS1335+0728 prior to December 2019, and new observations from Swift, SOAR/Goodman, VLT/X-shooter, and Keck/LRIS taken after its turn-on to characterise its current state. We analysed the variability of SDSS1335+0728 in the X-ray/UV/optical/mid-infrared range, modelled its spectral energy distribution prior to and after December 2019, and studied the evolution of its UV/optical spectra. Results. From our multi-wavelength photometric analysis, we find that: (a) since 2021, the UV flux (from Swift/UVOT observations) is four times brighter than the flux reported by GALEX in 2004; (b) since June 2022, the mid-infrared flux has risen more than two times, and the W1−W2 WISE colour has become redder; and (c) since February 2024, the source has begun showing X-ray emission. From our spectroscopic follow-up, we see that (i) the narrow emission line ratios are now consistent with a more energetic ionising continuum; (ii) broad emission lines are not detected; and (iii) the [OIII] line increased its flux ∼ 3.6 years after the first ZTF alert, which implies a relatively compact narrow-line-emitting region. Conclusions. We conclude that the variations observed in SDSS1335+0728 could be either explained by a ∼ 106M⊙ AGN that is just turning on or by an exotic tidal disruption event (TDE). If the former is true, SDSS1335+0728 is one of the strongest cases of an AGNobserved in the process of activating. If the latter were found to be the case, it would correspond to the longest and faintest TDE ever observed (or another class of still unknown nuclear transient). Future observations of SDSS1335+0728 are crucial to further understand its behaviour. Key words. galaxies: active– accretion, accretion discs– galaxies: individual: SDSS J133519.91+072807.4
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Recently uploaded (20)
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a sub...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Evaluation and Identification of J'BaFofi the Giant Spider of Congo and Moke...
Evaluation and Identification of J'BaFofi the Giant Spider of Congo and Moke...
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
SDSS1335+0728: The awakening of a ∼ 106M⊙ black hole⋆
Nutaceuticsls herbal drug technology CVS, cancer.pptx
Nutaceuticsls herbal drug technology CVS, cancer.pptx
acanthocytes_causes_etiology_clinical sognificance-future.pptx
acanthocytes_causes_etiology_clinical sognificance-future.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Identifications of different sugar cane varieties by muhammad faizan baloch
- 1. Prepared By: Muhammad Faizan Baloch (Research Officer) Almoiz Industries Limited (Research and Development)
- 2. Identifications of different Sugar Cane Varieties
- 3. • There are 06 no of varieties selected for the identifications of sugarcane • The varieties are; CPF- 246 CPF-247 CP-77/400 US-127 US-633 YT-55 (New line from just for checking)
- 4. Comparison of different sugar cane varieties
- 5. • For comparison select 04 parameters; Color Bud Leaves shape and pattern Ears
- 10. CPF-246
- 13. Leaves Pattern
- 15. CPF-247
- 18. Leaves Pattern
- 20. US-633
- 23. Leaves pattern
- 25. US-127
- 28. Leaves pattern
- 30. YT-55
- 33. Leaves Pattern
- 35. CP-77/400
- 38. Leaves Pattern