As roads and highways are the key medium of
transportation for Bangladesh in this era, road accident has
become an overarching issue. Rapid growths of vehicle and
poor road environment condition have caused harsh safety
hazards on the Pabna-Sirajganj highway in recent years. In
this study, current status of the road accidents and probable
causes of the accidents in Pabna-Sirajganj road section is
identified. In Pabna-Sirajgonj highway, 57 accidents
occurred on this highway section in a time period of 4 years
from January 2014 to December 2017. As a result, 102 lives
were lost and another 140 were injured. In this study,
current status of the road accidents and probable causes of
these accidents in Pabna-Sirajganj road section is identified.
Data collection, analysis and interpretation on road
accidents were carried out for this road segment. The
geometric parameters at accident-prone locations were
compared with the standard parameters by using
topographic survey. The results from the study unfold the
probable reasons road accidents of selected accident-prone
locations of Pabna-Sirajgonj road section, which may reduce
the accident rates as well as save our lives and properties.
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
PREDICTION OF ROAD ACCIDENT MODELLING FOR INDIAN NATIONAL HIGHWAYSIAEME Publication
The objective of this research article is to identify the most critical safety influencing variables of a section of four-lane National Highway-18(old)/40(New) through statistical models that explains the relationship between frequency of accident count and highway safety variables. The Highway traverses mainly through a plain terrain of mostly agricultural areas. The study is for newly constructing Four-Lane road between chainage 224.000 (Chagalamarri) to 359.9(Kurnool) to identify all safety deficiencies responsible for road accidents. The predictive ability using Multiple linear regression model is under two categories: First for the 2 lane sections and second for 4 lane sections separately. The validation tools were applied to examine the ability of models to predict accidents.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
CHARACTERIZING HAZARDOUS ROAD LOCATIONS AND BLACK SPOTS ON ROUTE N8 (DHAKA-BA...Fayaz Uddin
Road traffic accidents and corresponding causality are the most concerning issues in the transportation sector of a developing
country like Bangladesh where road crashes are remarkably high. According to police reported road traffic accident database,
every year about 2800 or more accidents occur in Bangladesh. This research analyzes the various accident data from year 2007
to 2012 using Microcomputer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP5) software in route N8 (Dhaka – Mawa – Barisal – Patuakhali
National Highway) in Bangladesh. This research reveals accident prone locations which are commonly termed as black spot and
Hazardous Road location (HRL) on the route N8 followed by establishing maps by Geographic Information System (GIS). Headon,
rear-end, overturning, side-swipe and hit-pedestrian are the most dominant types of accidents. Analysis shows that maximum
number of accidents occurred in fair weather in route N8. The result clearly indicates that buses contribute mostly in the
accidents.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of Trauma. Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment provides a new platform for researchers, scientists, scholars, academicians to publish and find latest research information & scientific advancements in trauma & care.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials) and Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in trauma research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Road Safety is a Prime Rule of Traffic System: A Case Study of Kolkataijtsrd
The main aim of this paper is to analyze the road accident in Kolkata. Analyze shows that the distribution of road accidental deaths and injuries in Kolkata varies according to age,gender,month and time.Age group 18-59 years is the most vulnerable population group.Though males phase higher level of fatalities and injuries than their female counterparts.Moreover road accidents are relatively higher in winter and during working hours.The main causes of accidents are poor condition of road,reckless driving,poor condition of vehicle and lack of awarness among people. Sumana Das"Road Safety is a Prime Rule of Traffic System: A Case Study of Kolkata" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14571.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/14571/road-safety-is-a-prime-rule-of-traffic-system-a-case-study-of-kolkata/sumana-das
Major fatal road traffic accidents in bangladeshFayaz Uddin
In Bangladesh, road transport has to bear solely the major part of passenger and freight movements . It is found that, of all total reported accidents, 65 percent are fatal and a considerable number of fatal accidents are occurring every year in which a large number of road users lose their lives in each accident
Eurosain is devoted to saving lives through pertitent application of hazard control/elimination and risk management of existing or projects of roads/highways.The approach is compliant with the latest standards and codes, and applies to developed countries as well as underdeveloped or in development countries.
There was an increasing trend from 2010 to 2011 motor traffic accidents in Kuwait City, passengers and pedestrians are always at highest risk of being injured or killed on the road. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the technical element of the highway construction, irresponsibility, poor management, cell phones, alcohol and drugs, age of the victims and poor condition of services were the causes of traffic accidents in Kuwait. The study recommended that the government should review legislation regarding employment of drivers, and working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system should be imposed. The use of cell phones while driving should be restricted. The hospital and police records should be updated with the number of road victims, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and preparedness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in Kuwait City.
Keyword: Traffic- accidents-Risk Theory-System Theory-Triangulation- method
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
With the use of SQL Server and SSAS, performed analysis for Road Accidents in the United Kingdom, to study how different road condition, road surface, Potholes, weather condition, light situation are going to affect on driving skills and leads to accidents. In this Study R programming used to Clean Database and SQL server and SSAS to Create ETL Cube to generate reports flexibly.
Road Transport in Urban India: Its Implications on HealthRohit Sharma
Urban population in India has increased from 17-31.16%
between 1951 and 2011. Transport sector in India is an extensive system comprising different modes of transport, but road transport is the dominant mode playing an important role in conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. Road transport accounted for 4.7% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010-11.
Although essential for mobility, trade, economic development and growth, integration and social inclusion, there are negative impacts of transportation as well especially that of energy intensive transport.
Nowadays, road crashes become a growing worldwide problem and result in around 1 million deaths now occurs in developing countries. Huge economic losses are now being incurred annually in the ASEAN countries as a direct result of road crashes and the most recent research suggests annual losses across the region are now in excess of US dollar 14 billion per year (around 2.1% of annual GDP of ASEAN region). In Myanmar, thousands of healthy lives are lost by road accidents comparing with other ASEAN countries. A research was conducted on a section of Pyay road with its high-accident locations to study and evaluate the cause of its frequent accidents. Initial study indicated that most of the accidents were attributed to human elements. This was included by the fact that a high percentage of accident was caused by the collision of moving vehicle and pedestrian. Identifying and removing hazardous spots to improve road safety will primarily requires well documented record on those roads with high-accident locations. These data base can inform to urban transport planner for road safety improvement. Kyaing"Road Accident Study on Some Areas in Yangon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15944.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/15944/road-accident-study-on-some-areas-in-yangon/kyaing
CHARACTERIZING HAZARDOUS ROAD LOCATIONS AND BLACK SPOTS ON ROUTE N8 (DHAKA-BA...Fayaz Uddin
Road traffic accidents and corresponding causality are the most concerning issues in the transportation sector of a developing
country like Bangladesh where road crashes are remarkably high. According to police reported road traffic accident database,
every year about 2800 or more accidents occur in Bangladesh. This research analyzes the various accident data from year 2007
to 2012 using Microcomputer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP5) software in route N8 (Dhaka – Mawa – Barisal – Patuakhali
National Highway) in Bangladesh. This research reveals accident prone locations which are commonly termed as black spot and
Hazardous Road location (HRL) on the route N8 followed by establishing maps by Geographic Information System (GIS). Headon,
rear-end, overturning, side-swipe and hit-pedestrian are the most dominant types of accidents. Analysis shows that maximum
number of accidents occurred in fair weather in route N8. The result clearly indicates that buses contribute mostly in the
accidents.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment is an open access, peer review journal publishing original research & review articles in all fields of Trauma. Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment provides a new platform for researchers, scientists, scholars, academicians to publish and find latest research information & scientific advancements in trauma & care.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Short Communications, Case Reports, Perspectives (Editorials) and Clinical Images.
Austin Journal of Trauma and Treatment supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in trauma research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Road Safety is a Prime Rule of Traffic System: A Case Study of Kolkataijtsrd
The main aim of this paper is to analyze the road accident in Kolkata. Analyze shows that the distribution of road accidental deaths and injuries in Kolkata varies according to age,gender,month and time.Age group 18-59 years is the most vulnerable population group.Though males phase higher level of fatalities and injuries than their female counterparts.Moreover road accidents are relatively higher in winter and during working hours.The main causes of accidents are poor condition of road,reckless driving,poor condition of vehicle and lack of awarness among people. Sumana Das"Road Safety is a Prime Rule of Traffic System: A Case Study of Kolkata" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14571.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/14571/road-safety-is-a-prime-rule-of-traffic-system-a-case-study-of-kolkata/sumana-das
Major fatal road traffic accidents in bangladeshFayaz Uddin
In Bangladesh, road transport has to bear solely the major part of passenger and freight movements . It is found that, of all total reported accidents, 65 percent are fatal and a considerable number of fatal accidents are occurring every year in which a large number of road users lose their lives in each accident
Eurosain is devoted to saving lives through pertitent application of hazard control/elimination and risk management of existing or projects of roads/highways.The approach is compliant with the latest standards and codes, and applies to developed countries as well as underdeveloped or in development countries.
There was an increasing trend from 2010 to 2011 motor traffic accidents in Kuwait City, passengers and pedestrians are always at highest risk of being injured or killed on the road. Quantitative and qualitative results indicated that the technical element of the highway construction, irresponsibility, poor management, cell phones, alcohol and drugs, age of the victims and poor condition of services were the causes of traffic accidents in Kuwait. The study recommended that the government should review legislation regarding employment of drivers, and working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system should be imposed. The use of cell phones while driving should be restricted. The hospital and police records should be updated with the number of road victims, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and preparedness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in Kuwait City.
Keyword: Traffic- accidents-Risk Theory-System Theory-Triangulation- method
International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) provides a multidisciplinary passage for researchers, managers, professionals, practitioners and students around the globe to publish high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all theoretical and empirical aspects of Engineering and Science.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
With the use of SQL Server and SSAS, performed analysis for Road Accidents in the United Kingdom, to study how different road condition, road surface, Potholes, weather condition, light situation are going to affect on driving skills and leads to accidents. In this Study R programming used to Clean Database and SQL server and SSAS to Create ETL Cube to generate reports flexibly.
Road Transport in Urban India: Its Implications on HealthRohit Sharma
Urban population in India has increased from 17-31.16%
between 1951 and 2011. Transport sector in India is an extensive system comprising different modes of transport, but road transport is the dominant mode playing an important role in conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. Road transport accounted for 4.7% of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010-11.
Although essential for mobility, trade, economic development and growth, integration and social inclusion, there are negative impacts of transportation as well especially that of energy intensive transport.
Nowadays, road crashes become a growing worldwide problem and result in around 1 million deaths now occurs in developing countries. Huge economic losses are now being incurred annually in the ASEAN countries as a direct result of road crashes and the most recent research suggests annual losses across the region are now in excess of US dollar 14 billion per year (around 2.1% of annual GDP of ASEAN region). In Myanmar, thousands of healthy lives are lost by road accidents comparing with other ASEAN countries. A research was conducted on a section of Pyay road with its high-accident locations to study and evaluate the cause of its frequent accidents. Initial study indicated that most of the accidents were attributed to human elements. This was included by the fact that a high percentage of accident was caused by the collision of moving vehicle and pedestrian. Identifying and removing hazardous spots to improve road safety will primarily requires well documented record on those roads with high-accident locations. These data base can inform to urban transport planner for road safety improvement. Kyaing"Road Accident Study on Some Areas in Yangon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-5 , August 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15944.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/15944/road-accident-study-on-some-areas-in-yangon/kyaing
PATTERN OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT: A CASE STUDY OF HAMIRPUR DISTRICT IN HIMACH...IAEME Publication
A road accident pattern study is useful in indentifying the causes of road accidents. In the present study Hamirpur district in Himachal Pradesh is selected for identification of the pattern of road accidents. The accidents data of the study area has been collected for past 6 years which include the accident particulars like day, date and time of the accident location, police station, number of vehicle involved, injury and number of person dead or injured. From the data collected, the accident pattern is studied and the causes of accidents along various road stretches are identified. It is found that 20% of the accidents took place at 3pm to 6pm of the day and these are the peak hours of the day, also the most accidents took place in year 2013.
Although Bangladesh is one of the lowest motorised countries in the world, it has, however, the worst road fatality rates in world. The estimated number of road traffic accident fatalities per 10,000 on road motor vehicle for Bangladesh is very high by international standards, as the fatality rates for motorized countries is usually less than 2 (2 in the United States of America and 1.4 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland).
An effective road safety management system covers three linked elements: institutional management functions, interventions and results. All countries should ensure that an effective road safety management system is in place.
Study of causal factors of road accidents on panipat samalkha section of nh-1eSAT Journals
now a day. Road accidents stop social and economic development of
the society. Accidents trends are on the rise and issues should be addresse
factors resulting in road accidents on Panipat
1(Toll-Tax-Sanjaychowk), Stretch -2 (Gohanamor
involves the collection of F.I.R data (2011-2013) from various Police Stations i.ePanipat City (Stretch
2), Samalkha (Stretch-3) Police Station &to identify, survey and analysis the bla
out the type of injuries the road users had gone through from 2011
accidents and then, to suggest preventive measures to reduce number of road acc
traffic crash numbers are on the rise. Major Black spot identified during analysis are NangalKheri, Siwah, Police line, Chokk
Petrol Pump, Manana Mor, Bus Stand (Panipat) & Toll Plaza. The fatality rate
37% respectively .Rear end collision & collision during crossing are the main causes of accident & the percentage of crashes
Stretch-1 & Stretch-2 is 52% & 59% resp. The percentage of crashes in Stretch
Cars, jeeps category is now the most involved in crashes; they constitute 26% of total crashes in Panipat city,42% of all cra
in Chandnibagh section and 41% crashes in Samalkha section. A truck constitutes 2
crashes in Chandnibagh& 35% of crashes in Samalkha section.The main victims of road crashes are
(34.1%), bikers etc. The spot speeds observed towards higher side of posted
Road Accident Analysis and Prevention in Nigeria: Experimental and Numerical ...IJASRD Journal
This paper empirically analysed road accident and its prevention in Nigeria. Data for road traffic crashes trend was sourced from Federal Road Safety Corps in Nigeria from 1960 - 2017. The data was tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, while the co-integration was conducted using Johansen’s methodology. Least Square estimate was employed for the empirical analysis. The results show that there is long run equilibrium relationship between total number of casualties, total number of fatal cases and total number of minor cases of accidents in Nigeria. The results show that there is positive and significant relationship between fatal cases, severe cases and total number of casualties, while minor cases have negative and significant relationship with total number of casualties. The study therefore recommends that government should invest massively in road transportation infrastructure in order to repair dilapidated roads, expand narrow roads and construct new ones. Government should legislate and enforce installation of speed limit devices for all vehicles operating on Nigerian roads to reduce reckless speeding on the highways which will definitely reduce total number of accidents and casualties on Nigerian roads.
Road safety and accident prevention in IndiaRohit Sharma
Road accidents are a human tragedy. They involve high human suffering and monetary costs in terms of untimely deaths, injuries and loss of potential income. Although we have undertaken many initiatives and are implementing various road safety improvement program the overall situation as revealed by data is far from satisfactory. During the calendar year 2010, there were close to 5 lakh road accidents in India, which resulted in more than 1.3 lakh persons. These numbers translate intone road accident every minute, and one road accident death every 4 minutes. Unfortunately, more than half the victims are in the economically active age group of 25-65 years. The loss of the main bread winner can be catastrophic.
Road traffic accidents are amenable to remedial action. Many a countries have curbed the menace of road accidents by
adopting a multipronged approach to road safety that encompasses broad range of measures, such as, traffic management, design and quality of road infrastructure, application of intelligent transport system, safer vehicles, law enforcement, effective and quick accident response and care etc. The Government alone cannot tackle road safety problems. There is a need for active involvement of all stake- holders to promote policy reform and implementation of road safety measures.
Addressing road safety is comprehensive manner underscores the need to involve multiple agencies and sectors like health, transport and police. The present study provides the magnitude and various dimensions of road accident in India. The analysis on road accidents in this study will help to create awareness, guidelines and assist in informed decision making on road safety.
ROAD ACCIDENTS ANALYSIS REPORT FOR BANGALORE CITY, DTD 31.1.2014.bangaloretrpolice
DG & IGP of karnataka state released a report of Road Accident analysis for Bangalore City Traffic on 31.01.2014 at Traffic Head Quarters, Infantry road, Bangalore.
It contents a brief descriptions about road accident statistics for Bangalore city traffic:
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was so severe and fatal
that not a few went out of business. The heavy burden is borne by MSME actors due to social restrictions imposed by the
government, the declining purchasing power of the people, a product that continues to decline until capital runs out. Plus
inadequate knowledge in carrying out marketing strategies and product innovations are the main trigger for the lack of
enthusiasm for MSME actors as well as bankruptcy. MSME digitalization-based e-commerce is an opportunity and the right
solution in dealing with the obstacles caused by the impact of Covid-19, as well as a challenge for MSME actors to design old
ways in new ways through digital business.
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Identification of Factors in Road Accidents of Pabna-Sirajgonj Highway
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.23
159 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Identification of Factors in Road Accidents of Pabna-Sirajgonj Highway
Md. Rshedul Haque1
, S. M. Hasnat Jamil2
, Md. Shidur Rahman3
and Md. Imadul Islam4
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, BANGLADESH
2
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, BANGLADESH
3
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, BANGLADESH
4
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, BANGLADESH
1
Corresponding Author: haque_mr@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
As roads and highways are the key medium of
transportation for Bangladesh in this era, road accident has
become an overarching issue. Rapid growths of vehicle and
poor road environment condition have caused harsh safety
hazards on the Pabna-Sirajganj highway in recent years. In
this study, current status of the road accidents and probable
causes of the accidents in Pabna-Sirajganj road section is
identified. In Pabna-Sirajgonj highway, 57 accidents
occurred on this highway section in a time period of 4 years
from January 2014 to December 2017. As a result, 102 lives
were lost and another 140 were injured. In this study,
current status of the road accidents and probable causes of
these accidents in Pabna-Sirajganj road section is identified.
Data collection, analysis and interpretation on road
accidents were carried out for this road segment. The
geometric parameters at accident-prone locations were
compared with the standard parameters by using
topographic survey. The results from the study unfold the
probable reasons road accidents of selected accident-prone
locations of Pabna-Sirajgonj road section, which may reduce
the accident rates as well as save our lives and properties.
Keywords— Transportation, Accidents, Road
Environment, Geometric Parameters, Topographic Survey
I. INTRODUCTION
Accident is a tragic problem in transportation
system as it causes losses of properties, personal injury,
death and several casualties (Sharma and Justo,2011).
The nuisance of road accident is a natural phenomenon
and inevitable in daily life, as vehicle is controlled by
human. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
identified road accident as the 8th leading cause of death
globally and according to their prediction it will climb up
to 3rd position by 2020. Approximately 1.35 million
people are dying each year and nearly 50 million are
seriously injured(WHO, 2018). Accident rates in
developing countries are often 10 to 70 times higher than
in developed countries. Developing countries suffer
staggering annual loss exceeding US$ 100 billion for
road accidents, which is nearly equivalent to the double
of all developing assistance (Hoque et al., 2001). It is
predicted that a good number of persons killed on roads
will rise by at least 80% over the next 20 years in
developing countries whereas it is expected to decrease
by 30% in high-income countries (Mahmud et al., 2014).
As a developing country road traffic accident,
injuries and fatalities are also major concerns for
Bangladesh. Bangladesh is one of the most densely
populated countries (Mahmud et al., 2011). Although
once upon a time water way was the main transport mode
in Bangladesh, now-a-days road is main mode of
communications. As a result accidents are growing at
alarming rate and the safety situation is very severe at
present. Road crashes are the 4th
leading cause of death of
children aged between 5 and 14, and 67% victims are
within the 15-49 age group in Bangladesh. The economic
and human cost of the untimely deaths and injuries are
immense (WB, 2019). Approximately 4500 road
accidents occur in Bangladesh as reported by the police in
each year. The rate of fatality of road accidents in
Bangladesh has a very high rate with official statistics
indicating more than 60 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles.
Everyday around eight persons die in roadaccidents
(Maniruzzaman and Raktim, 2005). But according to
World Bank, this annual fatality rate is even higher, 85.6
fatalities per 10,000 vehicles (Afsari and Rahman, 2018).
Almost 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is lost in
road traffic accidents in our country which itself
demonstrates the severity both in terms of deaths and
injuries as well as in monetary terms (Tahera et al.,
2007), which is very fatal for the economy of a
developing country like Bangladesh. Hence, the roads in
Bangladesh have become deadly.
Road safety in the Pabna districts emerges as a
serious issue as the total number of accident as well as
other resulting casualties is increasing steadily over the
years. This study focuses mainly the Pabna-Sirajganj
highway, which consists of portion of both N5 and N6
highway of Bangladesh. In the Pabna- Sirajganj highway,
8 accidents were found in the year of 2014 which claimed
10 fatalities and 16 injuries, which has been increased to
22 accidents claiming 41 fatalities and 62 injuries in the
year of 2017. This indicates that after only 4 years, the
casualty rate increased almost 4 times. Among these
pedestrian related accidents is the major concern,
covering up to 53% of all. Surprisingly there is no
significant research done on this road section.
Considering the magnitude of the problem and its socio-
economic impact, detail analysis and research are deemed
necessary for this road section.
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.23
160 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
II. DATA COLLECTION
Pabna-Sirajganj road section of length 97.5 km
is consists of national highway, N6 (Pabna-Kashinathpur)
and N5 (Kashinathpur-Hatikumrul). Data on road
accidents of Pabna-Sirajganj highway were collected
from five Police Stations (Pabna Sadar Police Station,
Ataikula Police Station, Madhpur Highway Police
Station, Sathiya Police Station, Hatikumrul Highway
Police Station) for 2014-2017 in the form of First
Information Record (FlR). At the second stage traffic
volume data for this highway is collected. For the last
stage road inventory survey was carried out at the
accident prone locations.
Figure 1: Layout of the Highway Section under Study
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The collected road traffic accident data of
Pabna-Sirajgonj road section is analyzed for the type of
vehicles involved, collision type, number of accidents and
fatalities on different roads, time of accidents and the
roads subjected to a higher frequency of casualties. The
current situation for the road section under study can be
surmised from the table 1 below;
Table 1: Road Accident Data of Pabna-Sirajgonj Road Section
Sl
N
o
Thana
Fatality
2014 2015 2016 2017
Accident
Count
D I
Accident
Count
D I
Accident
Count
D I
Accident
Count
D I
1 Pabna sadar - - - 1 1 - - - - - - -
2 Ataikula 5 7 4 4 4 9 6 6 - 5 7 15
3 Sujanagar - - - 1 4 12 - - - 2 6 14
4 Santhia - - - - - - - - - 1 5 15
5 Aminpur - - - 1 2 2 1 6 - 1 3 1
6 Shahjadpur 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 8 5 9 7
7 Ullapara - - - 7 13 9 3 3 1 6 6 4
Total 7 9 7 16 26 35 14 19 9 20 36 56
D = Death and I = Injured
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.23
161 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 2: Histogram Showing Comparison of Fatality in Different Years
Figure 2 shows the fatality count in years 2014-
2017. Causalities had increased several times in just few
years from 2014 to 2017. 9 deaths had climbed 4 times to
36 deaths and 7 injuries increased more than 7 times to 56
injuries between these years. Trend lines for both death
and injuries indicate that the number of accidents is rising
for this road section.
1. Comparison of Number of Road Accidents
Table 2: Road Accident Statistics of Two Different Road Sections of Pabna-Sirajganj Highway
Road Section
Length of the road
section (km)
Number of Accidents Total
Number of
Accidents
(2014~2017)
Accident rate
(accident/km)2014 2015 2016 2017
Pabna- Sirajganj
road section
97.5 7 16 14 20 57 0.596
N6 (Pabna-
Kashinathpur)
41.7 5 7 7 8 27 0.647
N5
(Kashinathpur-
Hatikumrul)
55.8 2 9 7 12 30 0.537
From table 2 we can see that out of total 57
accidents, 30 accidents (53%) happened in N5
(Kashinathpur to Sirajganj) road section, but it is evident
that N6 (Pabna-Kashinathpur) road section has higher
accident rate than N5, 0.647 accident/km while the N5
produced 0.537 accident/km. So N6 road section is more
vulnerable in case of road accidents.
2. Accident Prone Locations
Table 3: Accident Prone Locations on the Pabna-Sirajganj Highway.
SL. No. Thana Accident prone locations Accidents in 2014-2017
1 Ataikula
Putigara 3
Madhpur 4
2 Sujanagar Chinekhora 2
3 Shahjadpur Binnadir 2
4 Ullapara Boalia bazar 6
Table 3 shows the accident prone locations which
were identified after analysis. Figure 4 indicates there
locations on the Pabna-Sirajganj highway section. From
the table 3 we can see that Ataikula has most of the
accident prone locations, but Boalia bazar of Ullapara
thana has produced the highest number of accidents
among the accident prone locations.
9
26
19
36
7
35
6
56
y = 7.4x + 4
y = 11.8x - 3.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2014 2015 2016 2017
Fatalitycount
Years
Fatalities in different years
Death
Injured
Trendline
(Death)
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.23
162 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 3 Pin Diagram Showing Accident Prone Locations
3. Hour-Wise Roads Accidents
The variations of the accident rates depend upon
the activities which also vary frequently. At peak hours
most of the roads are congested and occupied with more
traffic intensity. During these periods the accident rate
increases because workers, marketers, students and others
can go or come back from their destinations. From the
figure 4 we can see that the result of the analysis also
satisfy this theory. Most of the accidents were took places
in 9am-11am, in which the roads are occupied by day
labors, students, businessmen and people going or
returning from markets.
Figure 4: Histogram Showing Hour-Wise Accident Occurrences
4. Different Types of Collisions
Table 4: Collision Types in Different Years.
Sl.
No
Collision
Type
No of collision in year
Total
Fatality
2014 2015 2016 2017 Death Injured
1. Hit pedestrian 3 6 8 6 23 23 1
2. Head On 1 5 2 4 12 36 43
3. Rear End 2 1 3 4 10 12 13
4. Over Taking - - - 1 1 1 1
5. Marginal - 2 1 1 4 5 18
6. Lost Control 1 3 1 4 9 13 35
2 2 2 2 2
5
4
9
4
11 11
7
5 5 5 5
4
2
7
2 2
7
2
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
%ofaccidents
Hours
Percentage of accidents in different hours
5. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume- 9, Issue- 5 (October 2019)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.5.23
163 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
In most of the accidents pedestrians were
involved, figure 6 indicates in 39% accidents pedestrians
were involved. According to table 4 head on collision are
more fatal for this road section, causing 36 lives loss and
43 injuries in just 12 accidents. Loss of control over the
vehicle is also a matter of concern. 15% of all accidents
took place due loss of control.
Figure 5: Pie chart showing percentage of accident types
5. Accidents Vs. Vehicular Type
Table 5: Accidents in different years with respect to vehicular type.
Sl.
No
Vehicular Type
No of collision in year
Total
2014 2015 2016 2017
1 Bus 1 9 7 17 34
2 Mini truck 2 1 3 2 8
3 Truck 2 7 3 3 15
4 CNG 2 4 2 1 19
5 Car - 1 - - 1
6 Motor cycle 1 - 1 5 7
7 Leguna - - - 1 1
8 3 Wheeler 2 3 - - 5
Table 5 shows the distribution of accidents in
different years for the different types of vehicles. The
result after analysis reveals that bus is the cause for most
of the accidents. In figure 7 we can see that out of all
vehicles, 38% of all accidents were took place due to bus
involvement. In the accident prone locations the same
results were found. Pie chart in figure 8 indicates that on
those accident prone locations 71% of accidents took
place due to bus.
6. Age of Accident Affected People
Figure 8 shows number of accidents for victims
of different age ranges. This is evident from the figure
38
9
17
21
1
8
1
6
0
10
20
30
40
Bus Mini
truck
Truck CNG Car Motor
cycle
Laguna 3
Wheeler
%offatalities
Vehicular types
Percentage of fatalities for different vehicles
71%
29%
Bus involvement in accidents in
vulnerable locations
Accidents due
to bus
Accidents due
to other
vehicles
Figure 7: Accident Count for Different Types of
Vehicles
Figure 6: Percentages of Accidents Due To Bus and
Other Vehicles in Accident Prone Locations
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that people of ages between 25-44 years are commonly
the main victim of road accidents. If pedestrians are only
considered, then the age group shifted to 45-65 years
Figure 8: Relation of accidents with age of victims
7. Bus as the Main Responsible Motorized Vehicle and Their Daily Count
Table 6: Probable relation of accidents with bus
From previous discussion we have seen that the
buses are found to be a major culprit for these road
accidents. As a continuation of that analysis, table 6
presents the causes of accidents in accident prone
locations, involvement of buses in them and percentage
of bus in total motorized vehicle in those places. The
table clearly indicates that in all of those accidents buses
were involved. As for the main causes, two particular
causes can be mentioned; over speeding and loss of
control. They are inter related, because over speeding
often lead to loss of control over the vehicle.
Figure 9: Percentages of Causes of Accidents in Vulnerable Locations
8. Pavement Condition
Table 7: Pavement conditions of accident prone locations.
Sl.
No
Location
name
Carriageway Side Walk
Land
use
Median
width
(m)
Width
(m)
Pavement
Type
Condition
Pavement
Type
Condition
1 Dhormogram 7.6 AC F E B C -
Thana
Accident
prone
locations
Cause Perpetrator Daily
Bus
count
TotalMotorized
Vehicle
% of
BusOver
speed
Lost
control
Bus Truck
Pickup
Van
Mini
Truck
Ataikula
Putigara 3 3 351 3693 9.50
Madhpur 3 1 3 1 351 3693 9.50
Sujanagar Chinekhora 1 1 1 1 378 3204 11.80
Shahjadpur Binnadiar 1 1 1 1 217 8470 2.56
Ullapara Boalia Bazar 5 1 3 2 733 6510 11.25
81%
19%
Causes of accidents in accident prone
locations
Over
speed
Lost
control
7. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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Bazar
2
Madhpur
(Location 1)
6.5 AC B E VB R -
3
Madhpur
(Location 2)
7.5 AC G E B R -
4 Putigara 7.4 AC F E F R -
5
Chinekhora
bazar
11.8 ST F CC G C 0.45
6
Chinekhora
village
7.4 ST G E F R -
7 Binnadair 6.85 AC B E VB A -
8
Shyamolipara
Bus-stand
7.16 AC B AC VB C 0.78
9 Purbo deluya 7.31 AC F AC VB C -
10 Boalia bazar 7.31 AC F AC F C -
Pavement type -- AC (Asphalt Pavement), ST (Surface Treatment), CC (Cement Concrete), G (Gravel), E
(Earth)
Pavement condition -- VB (Very Bad), B (Bad), F (Fair), G (Good)
Land use types -- R (Resident), C (Commercial), A (Agriculture)
During the topographical survey the road way
condition of the accident prone locations are observed.
Table 7 shows that in some places the carriage way
pavement condition are below satisfactory level. Most of
the places have unbounded side walk with very bad
condition. As a part of national highway these results are
a matter of great concern for both the road users and
authorities.
9. Traffic Control Measures
Table 8: Traffic control measures at accident prone locations
Most of the accident prone locations are situated
at or near intersections. As an intersection is a junction of
two or more roads, it attracts more vehicles and proper
traffic control measures are necessary. Table 9 points out
the current situations of road intersections on Pabna-
Sirajganj highway. Out of 10 vulnerable places only 2
have road markings, but none of them has any traffic
signals or traffic control devices. Field survey showed
only one place had caution marking indicating upcoming
accident prone location.
IV. MAIN CAUSES BEHIND THE
ACCIDENTS
After analysing the data set some disturbing
factors came to light which may be addressed as the main
causes for these accidents. They are divided into three
major categories, as;
1. Due to drivers:
i) In this road sections drivers usually operate
continuously which lead to tiredness. This
situation reduces their ability to handle their
vehicle properly and ultimately results in losing
control over the vehicle.
ii) Another main cause of road accidents that
relates to the driver is over speeding. We have
seen in figure 10 that in accident prone locations
81% accidents took place due to over speeding.
iii) They also have a tendency of overtaking
carelessly, to get more passengers from the bus
stoppages.
iv) In most cases they pay no heed to the traffic
rules.
Sl
No
Locations Road Markings
Intersection
No of
Legs
Traffic
Signal
Traffic
Control
1 DhormogramBazar Not Exist 4 Not Exist Not Exist
2 Madhpur(Location 1) Not Exist - - -
3 Madhpur(Location 2) Exist - - -
4 Putigara Not Exist 3 Not Exist Not Exist
5 Chinekhora bazar Exist - - -
6 Chinekhoravillage Not Exist - - -
7 Binnadair Not Exist 3 Not Exist Not Exist
8 ShyamoliparaBus-stand Not Exist 3 Not Exist Not Exist
9 Purbo deluya Not Exist 3 Not Exist Not Exist
10 Boalia bazar Not Exist 3 Not Exist Not Exist
8. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
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2. Due to pedestrians:
i) Crossing attempt without looking around.
ii) Walking or standing on road instead of foot
path.
iii) Miscalculation of approaching vehicles speed.
iv) Lack of traffic knowledge.
3. Due to road geometry:
i) Defective road curvature.
ii) Insufficient Sight distance.
iii) Absence of road sign, marking and guardrail.
iv) Poor road surface condition.
v) Absence of road lighting, median etc.
V. CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Pabna-Sirajganj highway section has mostly run
through rural areas. Over the years pedestrians have
become the prime victim of the road accidents. They lack
the awareness and proper way of use of the road. To add
to this problem vehicle drivers are playing a big role in
the road accidents. Analysis has also shown that
particular days of a week have produced more accidents.
These days are the weekly hat days for the rural people.
The after effect of the accidents is more severe.
The vehicle owner loses his vehicle, public properties get
damaged and above all lives are lost. Sometimes the
accidents lead to permanent injuries to the victim. The
cost of treatment becomes a burden to the corresponding
family.
Following recommendations can be made:
i. As collision with the pedestrians is one of the
major causes of accidents here, introducing
zebra crossing, footpath, pedestrian guard rails,
overpass etc. can reduce the accidents related to
pedestrians. Specific schemes should be under
taken to educate the local people about the
traffic rules and regulations to reduce the
sufferings.
ii. The accident prone locations should be properly
identified and proper traffic signs should be
installed to notify the road users especially the
drivers for the upcoming accident prone
locations.
iii. The commuter traffic can be managed by
introducing rapid bus transit or guided bus
service.
iv. All the drivers should be properly trained. As the
buses usually operate continuously, alternate
driver arrangement should be ensured.
v. Head on collisions caused more life losses than
any other accidents, so medians should be
introduced, which will stop the head on
collisions.
vi. Bus lay by, speed hump, proper sign-signal-
marking should reduce the accident rate.
vii. Studies shows that in most cases the convicts
have managed to escape the site of accidents and
the punishment as well. Proper law enforcement
may contribute in reduction of accident rates.
Number of Highway police, traffic police and
their facilities should be increased.
viii. More and better highways should be constructed
to accommodate the increasing numbers of
drivers every year. The surface condition of the
existing highway should be improved as soon as
possible.
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