The document discusses cultural values in villages and how reviving them can bring villagers closer together. It notes that villagers in the past focused more on moral and social values and community unity, but that with urban migration some of these values are being lost. It suggests some ideas for activities that can help recreate cultural norms and a sense of togetherness, such as celebrating traditional festivals or engaging in communal tasks like wheat cutting. Overall it advocates for finding ways to revive cultural traditions and communal aspects in villages that may be declining due to urban influences.

1. • The first thing that came to my mind about my idea was my own background, from where I belong
or my previous hometown.
• I have spent my major portion of life in my village, and I understand the moral cultural and rural
identity that is why it has left a prominent mark on my personality.
• The culture of village highlights the aspects of family unity, neighboring relations. This forms a well
equated community. These communities are more focused on moral and social values that are
well respected and hold a great significance for these people.
• Their economic needs are already being fulfilled by the system that exists there so this diverts
their focus more towards the communal aspects.
• After moving towards the city, I felt a certain type of disconnect with my village cultural and moral
values
• With the passing of time I realized it was not just me but also the people of the village residing
there feeling the same way
• Everyone there has started to pick up on this idea that Moral and social values do not exist
anymore and people are rather focusing on the economic aspects of life no matter what
• Reviving the cultural values would bring the villagers closer to what they feel has started to lack in
their community

2. What people of village want?
• Covid vaccination example
• How we can imagine a village of tomorrow with these values or where we can recreate these cultural
norms
• Wheat cutting
• Basant- We don’t celebrate basant anymore but we can revive or we Can do such kind of activities of
togetherness or celebration which will represent essence of basant
• Role of public space in a village

3. • rural residents taking the initiative to find practical solutions both to the severe challenges they face and,
importantly, to exciting new opportunities to transform rural areas.
• using digital technologies when they are appropriate, not because they are fashionable. Smart villages
often use the power of digital technologies. But these are just one of the sets of tools available.
• thinking beyond the village itself. Some initiatives are taking place at village level, but many involve the
surrounding countryside, groups of villages, small towns and links to cities.
• building new forms of cooperation and alliances: between farmers and other rural actors; between
municipalities; the private sector and civil society; from the bottom-up and the top-down.
• thinking for yourself. There is no standard model or solution for smart villages. The concept is about local
people taking stock of local assets, drawing on the best available knowledge and taking the initiative.

6. What does one feels when he comes to Lahore?
• Small house
• Congested, very reduced greenery, Light, and open air
• Change of environment
• Social and mental well being

7. Why do people migrate?
• Internal migration or domestic migration is human
migration within a country. Internal migration tends to
be travel for education and for economic improvement
or because of a natural disaster or civil disturbance
• factors include higher wages, better employment
opportunities, a higher standard of living and
educational opportunities. If economic conditions are
not favourable and appear to be at risk of declining
further, a greater number of individuals will probably
migrate

8. • Labour force is the biggest factor which plays the role in
internal and external migration globally.
• The four types of labour;
• skilled
• Unskilled
• semi-skilled
• professional

9. PAKISTAN: INTERNAL MIGRATION AND POVERTY
REDUCTION
Rashid Memon Collective for Social Science
Research Karachi, Pakistan

10. Is migration beneficial or burden for the spatial and
economical aspect of a city?
• Migration is a feature of social and economic life
across many countries, but the profile of migrant
populations varies considerably. In part this is
because of the variety of sources of migration. In
much of Europe, for example, citizens enjoy extensive
rights to free movement. In Australia, Canada and
New Zealand, managed labour migration plays an
important role. Other sources include family and
humanitarian migration. Whatever its source,
migration has important impacts on our societies,
and these can be controversial. The economic impact
of migration is no exception

11. Labour markets
• Migrants accounted for 47% of
the increase in the workforce
in the Sindh and 70% in
Punjab over the past ten
years.
• Migrants fill important niches
both in fast-growing and
declining sectors of the
economy.
• Like the native-born, young
migrants are better educated
than those nearing
retirement.
• Migrants contribute
significantly to labour-market
flexibility, notably in Punjab.
The public purse
• Migrants contribute more in
taxes and social contributions
than they receive in benefits.
• Labour migrants have the
most positive impact on the
public purse.
• Employment is the single
biggest determinant of
migrants’ net fiscal
contribution
Economic growth
• Migration boosts the working-
age population.
• Migrants arrive with skills and
contribute to human capital
development of receiving
countries.
• Migrants also contribute to
technological progress