ICT in Sinhala

ufyaIa fldä;=jlal=
BTec(ICT) , MCTS,MIEEE
Professional Development Course in ICT (AIT-Thailand)
National Dip in Teaching (Merit)
mß.Klh y`ÿkd .ksuq'

mßYS,lhd úiska wdodkh lrkq ,nk fyda moaO;sh
úiska /ialr .kq ,nk o;a; ,nd f.k tu o;a;
mßYS,lhd úiska § we;s Wmfoiaj,g wkqj ilia
lrñka Tyqg$wehg wjYH wdldrfha f;dr;=re
m%;sodkh lrk" úÿ,s n,fhka l%shd;aul jk
WmlrKhla ˜f,i mß.Klh ye¢kaúh yels h'
mß.Klhla hkq l=ula o@

mß.Klfhys oelsh yels úfYaI ,laIK
• fõ.h (Speed)
• ksrjoH;dj (Accuracy)
• ld¾hlaIu;dj (Efficiency)
• nyqld¾h nj ^Versatility&
• iq/lSfï yd kej; ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj
^Saving and Retrieving&

mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
mß.Kl m%odk l%u folla hgf;a
j¾.SlrKh l< yel'
 m%udKh wkqj
 Ndú; jk ;dlaIKh wkqj

iqmsß mß.Kl (Super Computers)

uyd mß.Kl (Mainframe Computers)

• uyd mß.Klj,g jvd fõ.fhka" n,fhka
iy ñf,ka o wvqh
• fmdÿ ld¾h mß.Kl f,i o ye¢kafõ‘
• mdõÉÑh myiq h‘
• mßYS,lhska lsysm fofkl= úiska m¾hka;
(Terminals) lsysmhla u.ska th yd
iïnkaO fjñka o;a; yd f;dr;=re yqjudre
lr .kq ,efí'

fm!oa.,sl mß.Kl$ laIqø mß.Kl
(Personal Computers/ Micro
Computers)

• fm!oa.,sl m%fhdackh i|yd fhdod .efka
• wvq Odß;djla iys; u;lhlska hq;=h
• tfia u úÿ,s mßfNdackh o wvq h'

Ndú; jk ;dlaIKh wkqj mß.Kl
j¾.SlrKh

mßirfha isÿ jk fjkia ùï ^fõ.h"
fjda,aàh;dj" mSvkh" WIaK;ajh&
jeks m%;siu ix{d (Analog
signals) y÷kd .ksñka ta wkqj
l%shd;aul jk mß.Kl ñka woyiafõ

tÈfkod Ôú;fha §
mßyrKh lrkq ,nk mß.Kl
ixLHdxl mß.Kl hg;g jefÜ'
oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh Ndú; lrñka
l%shd;aul fõ

u;l frcsiagr
wxl .Ks;uh yd
;d¾lsl tallh
md,k tallh
wdodk m%;sodk
m%Odk u;lh
oaú;Sl
u;lh
uOH ieliqï tallh

mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska
isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak
• wdodk
• wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh
• frcsiagr u;lh
• md,k tallh

mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska
isÿjk l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak
• m%;sodk
• m%d:ñl u;lh
• oaù;Sl u;lh

mß.Kl moaO;shla ;ekS we;s
wdldrh

mß.Klh ;ekS we;af;a m%Odk fldgia 4
la tlaùfuks
•wdodk Wmdx.
•m%;sodk Wmdx.
•uOH ieliqï tallh
•wdphk Wmdx.

wdodk Wmdx.
•h;=re mqjrej"
• uQislh"
• uhsfl%df*dakh"
• fjí leurdj
•CCTV Camera

•;Srefla; lshjkh"
• fufyhqï háh"
• iam¾Yl ;srh
•wxls; leurdj

ixLHdxl leurdj(Digital Camera)
•mg, fiahdmg (Film Negatives) Ndú; fkdfõ'
•PdhdrEmh ixLHdxl wdldrfhka igyka fõ'
•ksYap, yd p,k rEm o ,nd.; yelsh'

me;,s ;, iqmsßlailh
(Flatbed Scanners)
•PdhdrEm$m%;smß.Kl .; lsÍug Ndú;d fõ'
wlaIr mß.Kl.; lsÍfïoS (OCR-Optical
Character Recoginition) ;dlaIKh
Ndú;d lrhs'

;Sre fla; lshjkh
(Bar Code Reader)

pqïnl ;Ska; wkq,laIK lshjkh (Magnetic
Ink Character Reader - MICR)

m%ldY i,l=Kq ixcdkkh (Optical Mark
Recognition - OMR)

m%;sodk Wml%u (Output Devices)

mß.Kl moaO;sh úiska ilia lrk ,o
f;dr;=re wmg ,nd fok wdldr
lsysmhlsa
•uDÿ msgm;a (Soft Copy)
•oDV msgm;a (Hard Copy)
•Yío (Sound)

nyq,j Ndú;d jk mß.Kl ;sr j¾. 3 ls
• lef;dav lsrK k, (CRT)
• øj iaMál ixo¾Yl (LCD)
• wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdav
Light Emiting Diode (LED)
uDÿ msgm;a ,ndfok Wmdx.

lef;dav lsrK iys; mß.Kl
;srj, ,laIK
øj iaMál ixo¾Yl ;srj, ,laIK
ñ, wvqh
ksl=;ajk úlsrK m%udKh by<h
;sr fi,ùu jeäh
m%;spdr oelaùfï fõ.h jeäh
wêl úÿ,s n,hla jeh fõ'
jeä bv m%udKhla wjYH fõ'
ñ, jeäh
ksl=;ajk úlsrK m%udKh wvqh
;sr fi,ùu wvqh
m%;spdr oelaùfï fõ.h wvqh
wvq úoq,s n,hla jeh fõ
wvq bv m%udKhla m%udKj;a fõ'

nyq udOH m%lafIamlh$m%fclagrh
(Multimedia Projector)

uqøK hka;%
•fldgia follg fnosh yel
• >Gk uqøK hka;%
• fkd>Gk uqøK hka;%
oDV msgm;a ,ndfok Wmdx.

>Gk uqøK hka;% fkd>Gk uqøK hka;%
• fâis frdao uqølh
• ;s;a kHdi
uqølh
• f¾Ld uqølh
• ;Ska; msysß uqøK hka;%h
• nqnq¨ msysß uqøK hka;%h
• f,ai¾ uqøK hka;%h
• ;dm ixfõos uqøK hka;%h
• W!¾Ojmd;kh u.ska idhï
w;=rk uqøK hka;%h

;s;a kHdi uqølhl oelsh yels ,CIK
• uqøK ;;a;ajh b;d my<h
• uqøK msßjeh b;d wvqh
• uqøKfhaoS wêl Yíohla ksl=;a fõ'
• uqøKh ùu i|yd .;jk ld,h b;d
jeäh'

fma<s uqølh (Line Printer)
jrlg tla fma<sh ne.ska uqøKh lrk fma<s
uqølh fõ.j;ah

;Ska; ú¥ï uqøK hka;%j, oelsh yels ,laIK
^;Ska; msysß yd nqnq¨ msysß uqøK hka;%&
• øj ;Ska; n÷kl (Cartridge) we;s ;Ska;
fõ.fhka lvodish u;g úoSfuka wl=re yd
rEm uqøKh fõ'
• uqøKh i|yd ks,a" r;=" ly iy l¨ hk j¾K
4 Ndú;d lrkq ,efí'
• uqøK msgm;l ;;a;ajh b;d by<h'
• uqøs; msgm;a i|yd jeä msßjehla oeÍug
isÿfõ'

f,ai¾ ;dlaIKh Ndú;d jk uqøK hka;%

f,ai¾ ;dlaIKh Ndú;d jk uqøK hka;%j,
oelsh yels ,laIK
• uqøK ;;a;ajh b;d by<h
• uqøs; msgm;l msßjeh b;d wvqh
• uqøK hka;%h i|yd jeh l< hq;= msßjeh
jeäh
• uqøKh fõ.j;ah
• Yíohla ksl=;a fkdfõ'

;dm uqølh (Thermal Printer)
fjf<| jHdmdr"
iajhxl%Sh fg,¾
hka;%h wdÈfhys ßisÜ
m;a ksl=;a
lsÍu iy f,an,a
uqøKh i|yd nyq, j
fhdod .efka'

,l=KqlrKh (Plotter)
mß.Klh wdY%s;
ie,iqï ks¾udKlrKfha
§ ^.Dy ks¾udK
ie,iqï" k.r ie,iqï"
kdúl hd;%d ie,iqï
jeks& nyq,j fhdod .kq
,nhs

mß.Kl moaO;sfha uQ,sl wx.h jkafka uOH ieliqï
tallhhs'
mß.Klfha fud<h f,i y÷kajkq ,nk uOH
ieliqï tallh úOdkj,g wkqj
l%shd;aul jk w;r fufyhqï moaO;sh ^Operating
System& iy fhojqï uDÿldx.
^Application Software& l%shd;aul lrkakd o
fõ' uOH ieliqï tallh m%Odk
jYfhka fldgia ;=klska iukaú; fõ'

mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk
l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak
wdodk
wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh
frcsiagr u;lh
md,k tallh

mß.Kl moaO;shl my; fldgia u.ska isÿjk
l%shdj,sh fláfhka olajkak
m%;sodk
m%d:ñl u;lh
oaù;Sl u;lh

uOH ieliqï tallh
•md,k tallh (Control Unit)
•wxl .Ks;uh yd ;d¾lsl tallh (ALU)
•u;l frðiagr

mß.Kl u;lh
m%d:ñl
u;lh
oaú;Sl
u;lh

mß.Kl u;lh
m%d:ñl
u;lh
iiïNdù
msúiqï u;lh
mGk md;%
u;lh
jdrl u;lh
oaú;Sl
u;lh

m%d:ñl u;lh (Primary Memory)
uOH ieliqï tAllhg fl,ska u m%fõY úh
yels u;lh m%d:ñl wdphkh
^Primary Storage& f,i ye¢kafõ‘
th j¾. ;=klska hq;=h

iiïNdù msúiqï u;lh Random
Access Memory(RAM)

ilia lsÍug fhduq lrk f;la o;a;
;djld,sl j r|jd ;nd .ekSu
fuu iiïNdù msúiqï u;lfhka isÿfõ'

mGk ud;% u;lh -
Read Only Memory (ROM)

mß.Klfha uQ,sl l%shdj,shg wjYH
úOdk ;ekam;a lr we;af;a mGk
ud;% u;lh ;=< h'

jdrl u;lh - Cache Memory
uOH ieliqï tallh ^CPU& iy
m%d:ñl u;lh ^Primary memory&
w;r w;rueÈhd f,i fuh ks;r Ndú; jk
o;a; r|jd ;nd .kS'

oaú;Shsl u;lh (Secondary
Memory) wdphk Wmdx.

wdphk Wmdx.
•oDV ;eáh
•kuH ;eá (floppy disk),
•Zip disk
•Jazz Disk
• ix.; ;eá (CD),
• ixLHdxl nyqúO ;eá (DVD),
•iek,s u;l Odjl

pqïnl udOH Wml%u - (Magnetic
Media Devices)

kuH ;eá (floppy disk),
•5” kuH ;eáfhys Odrs;dj 1 MB
•3 ½” kuH ;eáfhys Odrs;dj 1.44 MB

Hard disk oDV ;eáh
up to 4 TB

ix.; ;eá (CD)
Odrs;dj 650-900MB

ixLHdxl nyqúO ;eá (DVD),
Odrs;dj 4.7GB-16GB

>k ;;a;ajfha Wmdx. (Solid state
devices)

iek,s u;l Odjl
Odrs;dj 128MB-1TB

ndysr Wmdx. mß.Klhg
iú lsÍug WmldÍ jk f;dgq
$ flfjks
(Computer Ports)

PS / 2 flfjksh
ujqih yd h;=re mqjrej iúlsÍug Ndú; fõ'

fYa%Ks.; flfjksh (Serial Ports)
;=vq 9 iy 25 hk j¾.fhka oelsh yels
fudavu fYa%Ks.; ujqi iúlsÍug Ndú;d
fõ'

iudka;r flfjksh(Parallel Port)
isÿre 25 lska hqla; flfjkshls' uqøK
hka;%h $ iqmÍCIKh wdosh iú lsÍug
Ndú; fõ'

cd,lrK flfjksh (Network
Port)
cd,lrKh /yeka iújk flfjKshhs

mß.Kl ;sr flfjksh (Monitor Port / VGA)
újr 15 lska hqla; flfjKshls' fudksgrh yd nyq udOH
m%fCIamK hka;% iú l< yelsh

HDMI flfjksh
wxls; m%;sodkhla ,nd oSu i|yd
kQ;k mß.Kl j, oelsh yels
flfjkshls'fuh mß.Kl ;srh "
nyqudOH m%lafIamlh" äðg,a rEmjdyskS
hka;% iy äðg,a Yío jdyskS hka;%
iïnkaO lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kq ,nhs'

úYaj fYa%Ks.; nia flfjKsh
(USB – Universal Serial Bus)
ckms%hu o;a;
iïfma%IKh fõ.h
jeäu fljKshhs' h;=re
mqjrej" ujqi" uqøK
hka;%" ixLHd;aul
leurd" fudavu we;=¨
fndfyda WmlrK
Ndú;d l< yelsh'

USB flfjKsfha we;s jdis
• fndfyda WmlrK fuu flfjKshg iúl< jyd
ls%hd;aul fõ‘
• Wmdx. i|yd wjYH úoq,sh o fuu
flfjKsfhkau ,nd .kS‘

• Wmdx. .e,ùug úÿ,sh úikaê l< hq;= ke;‘
• o;a; iïfma%IKh fõ.h 480Mbps fõ‘
• flfjKshg úúOdldr Wmdx. 127 la iú
lsÍfï yelshdj we;'

Yío Wmdx. flfjks (Sounds Port)

fudavï flfjksh
wka;¾cd,h iïnkaO ùug fukau mß.Klh Ndú;d lr
*elaia mKsjvhla heùug fudavï fhdod .efka' fïjd iújk
flfjksh fudavï flfjKshhs'

o;a; ikaksfõokh
(Data Communication)

^1& o;a; m%Njh - o;a; iïfma%IKh
lrkakd
^2& iïfm%aIK udOH - o;a; iïfma%IKh
lsÍug fhod .kakd udOH ^ÿrl:k
/yeka (wired) /yeka rys;
(wireless)
^3& o;a; .%dylhd - o;a;h ,nkakd

o;a; iïfma%IK úê
(Data Transmission Modes)

සන්නිවේදන මාධ්‍ය
1 . ියමු මාධ්‍ය
2 . ියමු වනාවන මාධ්‍ය

ියමු මාධ්‍ය
දත්ත සන්නිවේදනය සදහා වයාදා
ගන්නනා ව ෞතික මාධ්‍යක් වෙස
ියමු මාධ්‍ය හැදින්නිය හැක.

1.ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ
2.සමක්ෂක වක්බෙ
3.ප්‍රකාශ තන්නු
යනාදී වශවයන්න වමය ආකාර 3 කි.

ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ
වමය ආකාර 2 කි.
1.වනාවැසුණු ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ - UTP
2.වැසුණු ඇඹරූ කම්බි යුගෙ -STP

සමක්ෂක වක්බල්
සන්නනායක වක්බෙ යුගෙයකි. රූපවාහිි
ඇන්නටනා , CCTV වක්බෙ වෙස වයාදා ගන්නනා
වමය තඹ කම්බි දැෙක් ආකාරවයන්න වූ පිටත
වක්බෙය වටා ිදුත් චුම්බ කත්වයක් ඇති
කරයි.

ප්‍රකාශ තන්නු
වමයද සන්නනායක වක්බෙ යුගෙකින්න
යුුය.මධ්‍යය වීදුරු බටයක්ද ඒ වටා සිහින්න වීදුරු
තන්නුද වමය වවන්න කිරීමට ප්ොසටික්
ආවරණයක්ද ඇති වමහි ිවශටෂත්වය වන්නවන්න
දත්ත සන්නිවේදනවේදී ආවෙෝකය
පරාවතතනය වවමින්න සන්නිවේදනය වීමයි.

fN!;sl udOH fhdod .ekSulska f;drj
jd;h yryd ix{d f,i o;a;
iïfma%IKh
lsÍu kshuq fkdjk udOHh f,i
yeÈkafõ'
kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided/ Wireless)

• .=jka úÿ,s ;rx. (Radio waves)
• laIqø ;rx. (Microwaves)
• pkaøsld o;a; iïfma%IKh Satellite
communication
• wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared)
kshuq fkdjk udOH (Unguided/ Wireless)

kshuq fkdjk udOHh
(Unguided/Wireless)

.=jka úÿ,s ;rx. (Radio waves)
jhs *hs (Wifi) iy
íÆgQ;a (Bluetooth) .=jka úÿ,s ;rx.
u; l%shdlsÍï i|yd WodyrK fõ'.

laIqø ;rx. මාධ්‍යය ිදුත් චුම්බ ක තරංග
ිවශටෂයකි.
අධි සංඛ්‍යාත ගුවන්න ිදුලි තරංග laIqø
;rx. වෙස හඳුන්නවයි.
laIqø ;rx. (Microwaves)

pkaøsld iïfma%IKh (Satellite
communication )
mDථීියට ඉහළින්න භ්‍රමණය වවමින්න
සංිවේදනයට මඟ පෑදිම සඳහා pkaøsld
ාිතා කරනු ෙබයි.

වමවැි චන්නිකා පෘථිියට ිශටිත උසක
සිට ිවශටෂ වේගයකින්න පෘථීිය වවේ
භ්‍රමණය වවමින්න පෘථිියට සාවප්කෂව
pkaøsld ව ිසෙව පවත්වා ගනී.
එම ිසා වපාළවවහි ඇති pkaøsld හුවමාරු
මධ්‍යසටථාන වෙට භ්‍රමණය වවන pkaøsld
සැම ිටම වයාමුව පවතී.

pkaøsld වයාදා ගැිවමන්න සංිවේදනය
සිදු වන ිසා වොව එක් වකළවරක
සිදුවන වදය එම වමාවහාවත්ම අවනක්
වකළවරට සම්බවේෂණය කෙ හැකිය.

wfOdarla; lsrK (Infrared)
/yeka rys; h;=re mqjre iy uQisl
md,kh i|yd wfOdarla; lsrK o;a;
iïfma%IK udOHh f,i fhdod .kq
,nhs'

mß.Kl cd, iïnkaO lsÍfï
Wmdx.

cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a ldâm;
^Network interface card&•fuh mß.Klhg iú lr we;' wm úiska by;
wjia:djl § bf.k .kak ,o o;a; iïfma%IK
kshuq udOHhla ^Guided$ Wired& mß.Klhg
iïnkaO jkafka cd,lrK w;=re uqyqK;a
ldâmf;ys ^Network interface card& we;s
cd,lrK flfjkshg ^RJ 45& h'

iaúph fyda kdNs - (Switch / Hub)
mß.Kl folla fyda Bg jeä m%udKhla
fyda w;r iïnkaO;djla f.dvke.Su i|yd
ueÈy;alre f,i l%shdlrkafka iaúph fyda
kdNshhs'

• iaúpfhys iy kdNsfhys we;s fjkialï lsysmhla"
• m%Odk;u fjki jkafka yqjudre fõ.hhs' mß.Kl
cd,fhys we;s mß.Kl w;r f;dr;=re yqjudrefõ
§ kdNsh yqjudre lrkq ,nk f;dr;=re ish¨u
mß.Kl fj; fhduq flfrk w;r iaúph
f;dr;=re fhduq lrkafka wod< mß.Klh fj;
muKs' fuys § kdNsh úiska wkjYH ;onohla we;s
lrkq ,nhs'
•f;dr;=re yqjudrefõ § kdNs l%shd;aul lrkafka
w¾O oaúm: ^half duplex& úê l%uhg jk w;r
iaúph mQ¾K oaúm: ^Full duplex& úê l%uh
fhdod .efka'

f¾äfhda ;rx. u.ska b;d
fõ.j;a mß.Kl cd, iïnkaO;djla
fuka u cx.u ÿrl:k yd ,emafgdma
mß.Kl i|ydfõ.j;a wka;¾cd,
iïnkaO;djla we;s lsÍug iu;a udOHh
jhs- *hs wevmagrhhs'
jhs- *hs wevmagr

ud¾.lh (Router)
mß.Kl cd, folla fyda Bg jeä
ixLHdjl iïnkaO;dj we;s lsÍug
fhdod .kakd Wmdx.h ud¾.lhhs
^Router&

fudvuh o;a;
mßj¾;lfhl= f,i l%shd lrhs'
tkï mß.Klfhys we;s wxls; $
äðg,a (Digital) o;a; yd
f;dr;=re m%;siu ix{d f,i o
m%;siu ix{d f,iska mj;sk o;a;
yd f;dr;=re kej; wxls; ix{d
njg m;alrhs'

.sksmjqr (Firewall)
•.sksmjqr mß.Kl cd, wdrlaIl moaO;shls‘
wka;¾cd,h iy mß.Kl cd, w;r o;a;
iy f;dr;=re iïfma%Ikh md,kh lsÍug
wjYH úêúOdk fuys wvx.= h'

•fiajdfhdacl mß.Kl (Server)
•by< msßú;rhkaf.ka (High
Configuration) iukaú; fuu mß.Kl
cd,h md,kh lrhs'
•fiajd,dNS mß.Kl(Client)
•mß.Kl cd,fha fiajdjka ,nd .kakd
mß.Klh

ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, Local Area Network
(LAN)
f.dvke.s,a,l ldurhla ;=< fyda ldur
lsysmhla iïnkaO lrñka ia:dms; lrkq
,nk mß.Kl cd,hla ia:dkSh m%foaY
cd,hla f,iska ye¢kafõ'

mqrjr m%foaY cd, (Metropolitan Area
Network- MAN)
ls'ó 16la fyda Bg wvq m%foaYhla wdjrKh
jk wdldrfhka ia:dk .; lr we;s"
ia:dkSh m%foaY cd, lsysmhl tl;=jla
mqrjr m%foaY cd,hla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h'

mq¿,a m%foaY cd, (Wide Area Network -
WAN)
b;d mq¿,a m%foaYhla wdjrKh jk mßoafoka
ks¾udKh flreKq cd," mq¿,a m%foaY cd,
f,iska oelafõ''

cd, ia:, úoHdj
(Network Topology)

ICT in Sinhala

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