Grade 11 ICT

2. 2
m<uqjk tallh -.eg¨ úi|Sug l%uf,aLk ,sùu
we,af.dß;u(Algorithm)
Algorithm hkq ගeg¨jla úi|Su i|yd wkqගukh lrk l%ufõoh wkqms<sfj<ska
,shd oelaùuhs'
we,afගdß;u ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd md,k jHqy Ndú;h
m%Odk md,k jHqy 3 la oelsh yel' tajd kï"
wkql%uh(Sequence)
we,af.dß;uhl පිහිටි පියවර කිහිපයක් හ ෝ සියල්ලම හ ෝ ආරම්භක පියවරක සිට
අවසාන පියවර දක්වා ඉ ල සිට ප ළට එකඑල්හල් අනුපිළිවලින් l%shd;aul කිරීම මින්
අද ස් හේ.
Wod(-…………………………………………………………………………………
jrKh(Selection)
ඇල්හගොරිතමයක ඇතුළත් හකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්තවීම හ ෝ හනොවීම අනුව l%shd;aul කළ
යුතු පියවර කුමක් ද යන්න දැක්වීම මින් අද ස් හේ.
Wod(-…………………………………………………………………………………
mqk¾lrKh(Iteration)
ඇල්හගොරිතමයක පිහිටි පියවරක්/පියවර කිහිපයක් හ ෝහකොන්හේසියක් තෘප්ත වන හතක්
හ ෝ තෘප්තව පවතින හතක් නැවත සිදුවීම මින් දැක්හේ.
Wod(-…………………………………………………………………………………
we,afගdß;u fගdvkeගsh yels wdldr 02 ls'

.e,Sï igyk(Flow Chart)

ගe,Sï igyka we|Su i|yd Ndú;d lrk ixfla; lsysmhls'
wdrïNh$wjidkh
;SrK fldgqj
ieliqu
o;a; ග,dhdu
wdodk$m%;sodk
iïnkaOl

3. 3
Exam Tip:-
my; wjia:djka ksrEmKh lsÍug .e,Sï igyka w|skak
1- tla;rd úNd.hloS wfmalaIhkayg m%Yak m;% follg ms<s;=re iemhSug isÿjk w;r
m<uqjk yd fojk m%Yak m;% j, ,l=Kq wdodkh l< úg tys tl;=j m%;sodkh lsÍu i|yd
.e,fmk .e,Sï igykla w|skak'
2- hï wfhl=f.a jhi wdodkh l< úg th wjqreÿ 18 la fyda thg jeä kï Pkaoh m%ldY l<
yels nj o ke;fyd;a Pkaoh m%ldY l< fkdyels nj o m%;sodkh lsÍu i|yd .e,fmk
.e,Sï igykla w|skak'
3- ixLHdjla wdodkh l< úg tu ixLHdj T;af;a ixLHdjla o ke;fyd;a brÜfÜ ixLHdjla
o hkak m%;sodkh lsÍu i|yd .e,fmk .e,Sï igykla w|skak
4- my; oelafjkafka úúO WIaK;aj hgf;a oS c,h y÷kajk kï lsysmhls' c,fha WIaK;ajh
wdodkh l< úg thg wod, m%;sodkh oelaùu i|yd .e,fmk .e,Sï igykla w|skak
5- l%slÜ ;r.hl lvq,a, miqmi isg lvqt rlskakd ojd,Sula l< njg lrk ,o b,a,SuloS
m%Odk úksYaphlre th f;jk úksYaphlreg fhduqlrkq ,efí' f;jk úksYaphlre tu
isÿùu rEmjdyskS mqk¾rEmK wdY%fhka kej; n,kq ,efí' oeù hdula f,i i,l=Kq lsÍug
kï uq,skau mkaÿhjkakd hejQ mkaÿj ksmkaÿjla fkdúh hq;== w;r lvq,a, ì| ouk
wjia:dfõoS ms;slre ;u iSud brg bosßfhka isáh hq;=h'fuu l%shdj,sh ksrEmKh i|yd
.e,Sï igykla w|skak'

jHdc fla;(Pseudo Codes)

mßගK l%u f,aLkhla fyda l%uf,aLk idOlhla tys iqúfYaI jQ jHQyh
fjkqjg ir, l%uhlskaa oelaùu iQfvda fldaâ f,i ye|skafõ' fuh mßගKl
l%uf,aLlfhl= fkdjk flfkකුg (Non Preprogrammer)jqjo f;areïග;
yels wdldrhg ir, niska olajkq ,efí'
Exam Tip:
by; Tn w|sk ,o .e,Sï igyka i|yd .e,fmk jHdcfla; ,shd olajkak
 my; jHdcfla; j,g .e,fmk .e,Sï igyka w|skak
ප ත දැක්හවන්හන් එක්තරා පරිගණක පේධතියකට ඇතුළුවීම සඳ ා සකසන ලද වැඩසට නකට
අදාල වයාජකේහක්තයකි. ඒ අනුව පරිශීලකයාට එම පේධතියට ඇතුළුවීමට තම අවසර පදය නිවැරදිව
ඇතුළු කළ යුතුව ඇත. හම් සඳ ා අවස්ථා තුනක් උපරිම වශහයන් ලැහෙන අතර එහසේ අවස්ථා තුන
තුළ දී නිවැරදිව අවසර පදය ඇතුළු කිරීමට හනො ැකි වුවහ ොත්“Your login was not
successful”යනුහවන් පණිවිඩයක් දර්ශනය හේ.

4. 4
Begin
input, Password
Number of Attempted =0
While Number of Attempted <3
Input Your Password Here
If Password=System Password
Then
Login successful
Else
Input Your Password Here again
Number of Attempted = Number of Attempted +1
End if
End While
Output “Your login was not successful”
End
 my; jHdcfla; j,g .e,fmk .e,Sï igyka w|skak
Start
max=0
read number
while number>=0
if number>max then
max=number
end if
read number
end while
Display max
Stop
l%uf,aLkhla hkq mßගKlhg hï ld¾hhla lsÍu i|yd ,ndfok úOdk
iy Wmfoia ud,djl tl;=jls'
l%uf,aLk NdIdjla (Programming Language) hkq mßගKlhg tjka úOdk
,ndoSug ilia lr we;s udOHhls' tla tla NdIdjlg wod< kS;s ud,djla
iy Wmfoia iuQyhla we;'
ප ල මට්ටහම් පරිගණක භාෂා නැතහ ොත් hkak% NdIdj (Machine Language)

jevigyka ,shk ,oafoa 0 yd 1 Ndú;d lr Machine Code tflks'

tneúka úOdk we;=<;a lsÍu b;d ixlS¾K ld¾hhla úh'

hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls

l%uf,aLlhd úiska mßගKlfha oDVdxග (Hardwere) ms<sn|j oekග;
hq;=fõ'

mßj¾;l uDÿldxගhla wjYH fkdùh'

jevigyka lshd;aul ùu fõගj;ah'

5. 5
එහසම්බ්ලි භාෂාව(Assembly Language)
 úOdk l%uh^ Machine Language) tlg idfmalaIj ir,h

úOdk ගKkdjla fjkqjg ixfla; Ndú;d lsÍu ksid ixfla; NdId
f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'

Assemblerkï jQ iqúfYaIS NdId mßj¾;lhla ixfla;d;aul NdIdj
hdka;%sl NdIdj njg mßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd fhdod ගkakd ,oS' tho
hka;%h u; hefmk NdIdjls'

fuh m<uq mrïmrdjg jvd l%shdlaul jk fõගh wvqúh'
ඉ ල මට්ටහම් mßගKl NdId(High Level Language)
mß.Kl l%uf,aLkh lsÍfï NdIdj ixlS¾K;ajh wvqh' Ndú; lrk jpk
iy ixfla; ir, iy bxY%Sis NdIdjg fmdfyda fihska yqreh fuksid fuu
NdId හම්වා ඉ ල මට්ටහම් භාෂා හලස ැඳින්හේ
Wod (- FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, C, Java, Python)
l%uf,aLk NdId j¾.
l%uf,aLk l%shdj,shg m%fõY ùu msKsi úl,am m%fõY ගKkdjla we;' tAjd
l%uf,aLk mervhsu (Paradigms) f,i ye¢kafõ'

6. 6
mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aL w;r fjki
mámdá.; NdIdjla hkq b;d fyd¢ka jHqy.; jQ mshjr ud,djlska iy mámdáj,ska
(Procedural) iukaú; mßගKl l%uf,aLk NdId j¾hls' අවශය කුමක්ද ආකාරහ
වැඩසට න් කරණයක් පටිපාට ගත කරණහ දී භාවිත වන අතර හකහසේ ද කළ යුත්හත්
යනආකාරහ l%uf,aLkhg උපහදස් ලො දීම m%ldYk l%ufhaoS අනුගමනය හකහර්.
my; oelafjkafka mámdá.; (Procedural) yd m%ldYk (Declarative) l%uf,aLk
fhdod .ksñka >kl ;=kla Ndú; fldg ;ks >kldNhla ;ekSug úOdk ,nd oS
we;s wdlrhhs'
mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxග(Programing Language Translators)
mßගKl NdIdjka uගිka ilia lrk ,o l%uf,aLhla (Computer Program)
mßගKlhka uගිka l%shd lrùug kï th hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< hq;=fõ'
ta i|yd mßගKl NdId mßj¾;l uDÿldxගNdú;d lrhs' mßගKl l%uf,aLkfha
uq,a msgm;Source Programf,i;a hdka;%sl NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< msgm; Object
Program f,i;a y÷kajkq ,nhs' mßගKl NdId mßj¾;k uDÿldxග j¾ග 3 la we;'
Interpreter - ^w¾ථúkHdil& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s fma<sfhka fma<sh hdka;%sl
NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾'
Compiler - ^iïmdol& uQ,sl l%uf,aLkfha we;s iïmQ¾K wka;¾ග;h tljr
hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu fï uගska isÿ flf¾'
Assembler - ^tl,ia&Assembly NdIdfjka ,shk ,o jev hdka;%sl NdIdjg yerùu
fuhska isÿ flf¾'
meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj
• meial,a mß.Kl NdIdj 1970 oS ksl,ia j¾;a úiska y÷kajd fok ,oS
• th procedural programming j¾.hg wh;a mß.Kl NdIdjls
y÷kajk ^Identifiers)
y÷kajkhla hkq úp,Hhla (Variable) ksh;hla (Constant) fyda l%uf,aLkhla
(Program) ye¢kaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd kuls

7. 7
j,x.= y÷kajk
Wod-
 myname
 My_name
 My2name
 myname2
o;a; m%rEm ^Data Types)
úp,H (Variables)
l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia jk
y÷kajk" úp,Hhla f,i kï flf¾'
Wod-
var myname:string;
ksh; (Const)
l%uf,aLh l%shd;aul jk úg y÷kajkh i|yd mjrk ,o w.hka fjkia fkdjk
y÷kajk" ksh; f,i kï flf¾'
const pi:=22/7;
ldrl (Operators)
ldrl fkdue;s j .Kkh lsÍu" ixikaokh lsÍu iy ;d¾lsl m%ldYk f.dv
ke.Su l< fkdyels h' tneúka l%uf,aL ,sùug ldrl w;HjYH fõ'
ldrl (Operators) j¾. lssysmhla ´kEu mß.Kl NdIdjl oelsh yel
1. wxl .Ks;uh ldrl
ldrlh Ndú;h m%ldYh m%;sM,h
+ tl;= lsÍu 6 + 3 ………………
- wvq lsÍu 7 – 5 ………………
* .=K lsÍu 2 * 5 ………………
/ fn§u 10/4 ………………
DIV mQ¾K ixLHduh fn§u 20 DIV 6 ………………
MOD fn§fuka miq fYaIh 20 MOD 6 ………………

8. 8
2. iei֕ ldrl
ldrlh Ndú;h m%ldYh m%;sM,h
> úYd, 7 > 3 ………………
>= úYd, fyda iudk 8 >= 8 ………………
< l=vd 3 < 2 ………………
<= l=vd fyda iudk 4 <= 6 ………………
= iudk 3 = 1 ………………
< > wiudk 2 < > 5 ………………
3. ;d¾lsl ldrl
(3 >= 2) AND (3 < > 3) ………………
(3 >= 2) OR (3 < > 3) ………………
Not(3 >= 2) ………………
If Ndú;h
hï fldkafoaishla ;Dma; jk wjia:djl oS l%Shd;aul ùu i|yd If fhdod .kq
,efí'
if fldkafoaish then
ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh
meial,a Ndú;fhka ,shk ,o jevigyk
If …then …else Ndú;h
if fldkafoaish then
ksjeros kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh
else
ksjeros fkdfõ kï l%shd;aul jk j.ka;s fyda j.ka;sh

9. 9
meial,a Ndú;fhka ,shk ,o jevigyk
meial,a mß.Kl NdIdfjys Ndú; jk mqk¾lrK j¾. 3ls
• FOR DO jHqyh
• While DO jHqyh
• Repeat Until jHqyh
FOR DO jHqyh
jdr .Kk ksYaÑ;j okakd wjia:d j,oS FOR DO jHqyh Ndú; l< yel
meial,a Ndú;fhka ,shk ,o jevigyk
while do jHqyh
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lr n,d l%shd;aul ùu isÿfõ' fuys
oS fldkafoaish i;H kï muKla mqk¾lrKh l%shd;aul fõ'
meial,a Ndú;fhka ,shk ,o jevigyk

10. 10
Repeat… Until jHqyh
mqk¾lrKh wdrïNfha oS fldkafoaish mÍlaId lsÍu isÿjkafka ke;' fldkafoaish
wi;Hkï muKla mqk¾lrKh werfò'
meial,a Ndú;fhka ,shk ,o jevigyk
wrdj Ndú;h
tlu o;a; m%rEmhg wh;a o;a; tlu kula fhdod .ksñka u;lfhys ;nd .ekSug
wrdj Ndú; l< yel
var num:array[0..4]of integer;
Exam Tip:
1- meial,a ^Pascal & u`.ska my; j.ka;sh m%;sodkh lsßu ioyd ,súh hq;= fla;h jkafka
1 2 3 4 5 6
^1& For L = 1 to 6 do write ^L& ^2& write ^1 to 6&,
^3& For = 1 to 6 do write ^L&; ^4& for = 1 to 5 do write (L);
2-meial,a ^Pascal& ys fõ l< jpkhla ^Reserved word& fkdjkafka
^1& For ^2& avg ^3& While ^4& program
3-meial,a ^Pascal& jevigykl ieu j.ka;shla wjidkfha u fhfok i,l=K jkafka
^1& kej;Sfï i,l=K ^'& ^2& fldudj ^,&
^3& há br ^_& ^4& ;s;a ludj ^;&
10 32
num[0]

11. 11
4-Finalmark úp,Hhfha ^Variable& w.h 85 g jvd úYd, fyda iudkjk úg iy Thesismark
kï új,Hhfha w.h 80 g jvd úYd, hk folu jk úg Distinction " f,i fm<la o¾Ykh ùu
i`oyd ,súh hq;= ksjeros meial,a ^Pascal& j.ka;sh jkafka
^1& if (Final mark >85 ) AND (thesis mark >80) then write (' Distinction');
(2) if final mark >= 85) AND (thesis mark >80) then write (' Distinction');
(3) if (final mark >= 85) OR (thesis mark > 80 then write (Distinction')
(4) if (final mark > 85 ) OR (thesis mark >80) then write ('Distinction')
5-meial,a ^Pascal) ys fhdod .kakd fjka l< jpkhla (reserved word) fkdjkafka
^1& Array ^2& Go to ^3& Var ^4& Maths
6-meial,a ^Pascal& ys Ndú;d jk j,x.=ldrlhla ^Operator& fkdjkafka
^1& < ^2& <= ^3& = > ^4& =
7- meial,a ^ Pascal) ys ksjeros f,i igykla ^ Comment & fhdod f.k we;s wdldrhg
WodyrKhla jkafka
^1& // begin declarations// ^2& (* number is stored here *)
^3& # Name is Selected# ^4& <Total members >
2 jk m;%h i|yd
1- my; ioyka ld¾hhka bgqlr .ekSu ioyd meial,a ^Pascal& j.ka;shla$ j.ka;s ,shd
olajkak'
i. A yd B keu;s új,Hhka folla ms<sfj,ska real iy char wdldr f,i y`ÿkajd oSu
ii. új,H jpkhla mßYsslf.ka ,ndf.k th ;srfha o¾Ykh lsßu'
2- úIhh ,l=Kq yd idud¾:hka ^Grades& my; oS we;s j.=fõ idrxY .; lr we;'
 ,l=Kq fY%aKshla ^ Sequence & we;=`M lr tajdg ysñjk idud¾:hka o¾Ykh lrúu ioyd
meial,a^Pascal& jevigykla ,shd olajkak'
3- my; oS we;s Wmfoia l%shd;aul lr.eksug úp,H ^Variable& yd ksh; ^Constant) j,ska
iukaú; meial,a ^Pascal& jevigykla ,shd olajkak'
*erkayhsÜ ^Fahrenheit & wxYl j,ska oS we;s WIaK;ajhla fikaáf.%aaâ ^Centigrade&
wxYl j,ska bosßm;a lsßug meial,a ^Pascal& jevigykla ,shd olajkak'
b`.sh C = (F-32) * (5/9)
Mark range Grade
100-85 Distinction
84-65 Merit
64- 40 Fail