The document summarizes the discoveries made about Ötzi, the Iceman, based on analyzing his preserved body and artifacts. Scientists have learned much about Ötzi and the society he came from through examining pollen and plant remains in his gut and on his clothing. This evidence suggests he came from a Stone Age village in southern Italy rather than the northern region where he was found, and likely died in the spring. Over time, studying Ötzi has provided insights into his lifestyle, health, equipment, and the culture of the people he lived among.

1. Review
Ac)vity:
1.
list
as
many
artefacts
of
Iceman
as
you
can
(items
of
clothing
and
equipment)
Be
as
detailed
as
you
can.
2.
What
was
the
name
of
the
Alps
where
Otzi
was
found?

2. Reconstruc)ng
Iceman’s
Iden)ty
Based
on
the
evidence
we
have
on
his
body

3. How
the
body
was
preserved
and
not
destroyed
by
the
glacial
flow
The
body
Step
1.
Iceman
and
belongings
fell
in
between
rocks.
These
rocks
created
a
crevice
or
trench
which
would
later
keep
the
Iceman
and
his
artefacts
from
being
pulled
down
into
the
glacier.
Step
2.
Body
dried
out
in
sun
and
wind
Step
3.
Later
buried
by
15
feet
of
snow
and
ice

4. The Body
• Well preserved
natural mummified
body of a man.
• Height 1’6 metres (5
ft 5 in), Age: 40 -53
(most believe 46) -
determine by bone
analysis.
• Thin -50kgs, when
found it was 38kgs

5. • Left arm strange
position, head - pressure
mark on back.This and
scattered arrow parts - ice
melted body gear
floated then re-iced
• Ribs distorted - first
theory damaged before
death - fight? Later view -
damaged done by ice
pressure after death. Also,
if this is correct body
must moved after death.

7. • Hair - traces of arsenic copper
– First theory worked as a copper smelting.
– How changed: copper traces from copper mosses on the
rocks he laid on.
• Stomach - remains of two meals, last 6 to 8 hours before
death.
• Meals - grains (bread), meat and fruits
• Discovery of pollen of the hop- hornbeam proved that time
of death – SPRING not Autumn.

8. Initial reconstruction:
• Isotope analyses of hair indicated either
a life long vegetarian or gained most of
his protein from seafood - both unlikely.
This understanding changed when meat was found in
stomach

9. Tattoos
Evidence
• 57
• Some near or on acupuncture points.
Initial interpretation:
• Initially thought they had some religious
significance
How our understanding has changed:
• May have been treated for lymes disease or
suffered from arthritis.

11. Wounds
2001, a second CAT
scan revealed a
arrowhead lodged
in shoulder which
had not been
detected in the
1994 examination.

12. Defensive cuts
Autopsy in 2002 found cuts on right hand, one
deep.

13. Reconstruc)ng
Iceman’s
society
1. Watch
the
youtube
clip.
2. Write
down
three
sentences
about
what
life
was
like
for
the
Natufians
during
the
Stone
Age
3. Think
about
Iceman’s
clothing
and
equipment,
what
clues
does
it
give
us
about
the
kind
of
society
he
came
may
have
come
from?
From
examining
Iceman’s
body
and
artefacts
what
can
we
learn
about
the
society
or
village
he
may
have
come
from?

14. Ini)al
thoughts
• He
was
a
hiker,
caught
out
by
a
storm
• Found
near
a
mountain
pass
between
the
North
(modern
day
Austria)
and
the
South
(modern
day
Italy)
• Could
have
come
from
a
stone
age
seSlement
close
by
• BUT:
which
direcVon
was
he
headed?
How
did
scienVsts
work
this
out?

15. Where
he
came
from
New
Evidence:
Hop
Hornbeam
pollen
found
in
gut,
from
a
type
of
tree.
InformaVon
it
revealed:
He
died
in
Spring.
It
only
grows
the
Schnal
Vinschgau
Vallies,
south
of
the
Alps.
New
Evidence:
Two
types
of
moss
found
on
Icemans
clothing;
Neckera
complanta
and
Anomodon
vi2culosus
InformaVon
it
revealed:
Grew
on
rocks
in
shady
woodlands,
South
of
where
he
was
found
Based
on
the
work
of
Klaus
Ogle,
archo-­‐botanVst,
University
of
Innsbruck
Iceman
probably
came
from
a
stone
age
village
in
Southern
Italy

16. Ac)vi)es
+
Use
the
South
Tyrol
Museum
Website
to:
1. Find
out
the
name
of
the
cultural
group
that
archaeologists
think
Iceman
came
from
(evidence
used
to
support
this
idea).
2. Find
out
the
name
of
the
village
he
may
have
come
from
(evidence
used)
3. List
three
features
of
the
society,
economy
and
religion
of
Icemans
village
(evidence
used)