1. Otzi
Update
November
2010
Nine
hour
autopsy
took
place.
Early
results
issued
June
2011

2. • Importance
–scienAfic
value
• Age
-­‐
carbon
daAng
proved
that
he
had
lived
some
5,300
years
ago.
•
Also
the
'wet'
nature
of
the
mummificaAon
process
• Rare
case
in
which
mummificaAon
took
place
by
dehydraAon
before
the
body
became
embedded
in
glacier
ice

3. • 2001
radiologist
Paul
Gostner
idenAfied
previous
thought
of
shadowing
as
an
arrow
head
(leP
shoulder).
• Since
then
a
full
CT
(computed
tomography)
scan
confirmed
that
the
arrowhead
tore
through
a
major
artery.
•
Gostner
also
confirmed
that
Ötzi
received
a
blow
to
the
head.

5. Death
• Forensic
evidence
indicated
that
he
was
shot
in
the
back
by
a
distant
assailant
at
a
lower
elevaAon.
• He
was
then
struck
on
the
head
and
fell
on
his
back,
where
he
died.
• Finally,
the
murderer
rolled
Ötzi
onto
his
front,
with
his
arm
folded
under
his
body,
and
tugged
the
arrow
shaP
from
where
it
was
lodged
his
back.
• Arrow
would
have
caused
internal
bleeding
and
a
rapid,
shock-­‐related
cardiac
arrest.

6. Ötzi’s
body
and
the
evidence
• Hand
• LeP
hand
has
a
number
of
parAally
healed
deep
cuts,
likely
inflicted
several
days
before
death.
• self-­‐defence
wounds
and
suggest
he
was
involved
in
conflict.
• Supports
in
part
Splinder’s
disaster
theory
(1995).
Had
a
fight
the
valley
and
had
fled
into
the
mountains
and
was
in
the
process
of
fashioning
a
longbow
and
quiver
when
he
was
killed.

7. • around
46
years
of
age.
• Good
condiAon
for
a
man
of
his
era.
• Eyes
blue
• Stomach
appeared
empty
• over
50
taaoos,
created
by
rubbing
charcoal
into
fine
incisions.
• Possibly
a
form
of
pain
relief

8. • Forensic
botany:
• Forensic
botany
found
thirty
different
types
of
pollen
in
his
intesAnes.
• Time
of
death
is
now
thought
to
be
Spring
-­‐
evidence
pollen
from
the
flowers
of
the
hop
hornbean
tree.
• In
1994
DNA
analysis
links
him
to
the
living
inhabitants
of
central
Europe.

9. But
wait,
new
evidence
has
caused
changes
again!

10. Late
2009
• In
2009
Gostner
suggested
that
they
had
confused
the
colon
with
the
stomach.
• A
full
stomach
conflicted
with
the
view
that
Otzi
was
fleeing.
• In
the
iniAal
invesAgaAon
of
the
body
a
large
gash
was
made
across
the
lower
torso
(The
Austrian
window).

11. In
late
2010
using
these
entry
points
and
new
technologies
a
comprehensive
autopsy
took
place.

13. The
latest
reconstrucAon
of
the
Iceman

14. IniAal
findings
-­‐
2011
• Dark
shadow
in
the
skull
an
internal
clot
-­‐
blow
to
the
head
from
being
hit
or
hieng
the
ground
aPer
being
shot.
• CT
scan
–
arrow
pieced
a
major
artery
death
almost
immediate.
• Related
to
southern
not
central
Europeans.
• Chemical
traces
in
his
bones
and
teeth
indicated
he
grew
up
northeast
of
Bolzano,
possibly
in
the
Isarco
River
Valley,
and
spent
his
adulthood
in
the
Venosta
Valley.

15. • Not
fleeing
–
had
a
large
and
leisurely
meal
resAng
in
a
spot
protected
from
the
wind.
• He
was
unaware
of
any
danger.
• ExaminaAon
of
genes
now
indicate
he
had
brown
hair
and
eyes.
• ParAally
healed
hand
injury,
suggesAve
of
a
defensive
wound
from
an
earlier
fight.
• Earliest
known
human
infected
by
the
bug
that
causes
Lyme
disease.
• Likely
lactose
intolerant.