This paper has provided a basic review of the notion of a network firewall and considerations regarding the requirements for deploying one in a zEnterprise environment. It has also described the internal networking support introduced with the IBM zEnterprise and how, due to its enhanced physical and logical security, in many cases it may eliminate the need for a network firewall to protect network traffic within a zEnterprise environment. Finally, it has described how you can use an external firewall if it is deemed necessary, e.g. for regulatory reasons or due to general mandated corporate policy, to utilize a specific network firewall solution to protect traffic between virtual servers in a zEnterprise environment.
This document discusses internet architecture and security best practices. It covers topics like internet services to offer and not offer, developing communications architectures using single or multiple lines, designing demilitarized zones and appropriate architectures, understanding network address translation, and designing partner networks.
Security zones segregate networks into different areas with varying levels of security. The most secure zone contains private networks and servers, while less secure zones like DMZs contain servers accessible from untrusted networks. Device security involves physical security of network components and their locations as well as logical security measures like access control lists and authentication on routers.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Whenyour computer isconnected to the Internet, you expose your computer to a variety of potentialthreats. The Internet isdesigned in such a waythat if you have access to the Internet, all other computers on the Internet canconnect to yourcomputer.Thisleavesyouvulnerable to variouscommonattacks. This isespeciallytroubling as severalpopular programs open services on your computer thatallowothers to view files on your computer! Whilethisfunctionalityisexpected, the difficultyisthatsecurityerrors are detectedthatalwaysallow hackers to attackyour computer with the ability to view or destroy sensitive information stored on your computer. To protectyour computer fromsuchattacksyouneed to "teach" your computer to ignore or resistexternaltestingattempts. The commonname for such a program is Firewall. A firewall is software thatcreates a secureenvironmentwhosefunctionis to block or restrictincoming and outgoing information over a network. These firewalls actually do not work and are not suitable for business premises to maintain information securitywhilesupporting free exchange of ideas. Firewall are becoming more and more sophisticated in the day, and new features are beingadded all the time, sothat, despitecriticism and intimidatingdevelopmentmethods, they are still a powerfuldefense. In thispaper, weread a network firewall thathelps the corporateenvironment and other networks thatwant to exchange information over the network. The firewall protects the flow of trafficthrough the internet and limits the amount of external and internal information and provides the internal user with the illusion of anonymous FTP and www online communications.
This document discusses server virtualization from a security perspective. It provides an overview of virtualization and its opportunities such as alleviating administration and enabling server consolidation. However, it also outlines several threats and challenges, such as increased complexity, interdependencies between servers, and ensuring proper isolation between virtual machines. While virtualization provides benefits, the document emphasizes that server consolidation does not come for free and fundamental challenges around identification, administration, and protection still remain. Proper methods, mechanisms, and administrative competencies are needed to securely take advantage of virtualization.
This document provides an overview of firewalls and demilitarized zones (DMZs), and summarizes Tivoli Framework solutions for communicating across firewalls in a secure manner. It describes how Tivoli Framework 3.7.1 introduced single port bulk data transfer and endpoint upcall port consolidation to reduce open ports. The Firewall Solutions Toolbox further improves security with endpoint and gateway proxies, relays to cross multiple DMZs adhering to no direct routing, and supporting unidirectional communications. It also describes the event sink for collecting events from non-Tivoli sources.
This document describes a proposed software framework called SmartX that aims to provide advanced network security for the Windows operating system. SmartX seeks to overcome drawbacks of virtual private networks (VPNs) by reducing buffer copies and protocol overhead during network packet transmission. It uses a mutual identity algorithm for authentication between endpoints and 128-bit AES encryption of packets. The framework would reside in the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) and modify packets before transmission to provide secure and efficient communication with reduced processing overhead compared to standard VPNs.
This document discusses internet architecture and security best practices. It covers topics like internet services to offer and not offer, developing communications architectures using single or multiple lines, designing demilitarized zones and appropriate architectures, understanding network address translation, and designing partner networks.
Security zones segregate networks into different areas with varying levels of security. The most secure zone contains private networks and servers, while less secure zones like DMZs contain servers accessible from untrusted networks. Device security involves physical security of network components and their locations as well as logical security measures like access control lists and authentication on routers.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Whenyour computer isconnected to the Internet, you expose your computer to a variety of potentialthreats. The Internet isdesigned in such a waythat if you have access to the Internet, all other computers on the Internet canconnect to yourcomputer.Thisleavesyouvulnerable to variouscommonattacks. This isespeciallytroubling as severalpopular programs open services on your computer thatallowothers to view files on your computer! Whilethisfunctionalityisexpected, the difficultyisthatsecurityerrors are detectedthatalwaysallow hackers to attackyour computer with the ability to view or destroy sensitive information stored on your computer. To protectyour computer fromsuchattacksyouneed to "teach" your computer to ignore or resistexternaltestingattempts. The commonname for such a program is Firewall. A firewall is software thatcreates a secureenvironmentwhosefunctionis to block or restrictincoming and outgoing information over a network. These firewalls actually do not work and are not suitable for business premises to maintain information securitywhilesupporting free exchange of ideas. Firewall are becoming more and more sophisticated in the day, and new features are beingadded all the time, sothat, despitecriticism and intimidatingdevelopmentmethods, they are still a powerfuldefense. In thispaper, weread a network firewall thathelps the corporateenvironment and other networks thatwant to exchange information over the network. The firewall protects the flow of trafficthrough the internet and limits the amount of external and internal information and provides the internal user with the illusion of anonymous FTP and www online communications.
This document discusses server virtualization from a security perspective. It provides an overview of virtualization and its opportunities such as alleviating administration and enabling server consolidation. However, it also outlines several threats and challenges, such as increased complexity, interdependencies between servers, and ensuring proper isolation between virtual machines. While virtualization provides benefits, the document emphasizes that server consolidation does not come for free and fundamental challenges around identification, administration, and protection still remain. Proper methods, mechanisms, and administrative competencies are needed to securely take advantage of virtualization.
This document provides an overview of firewalls and demilitarized zones (DMZs), and summarizes Tivoli Framework solutions for communicating across firewalls in a secure manner. It describes how Tivoli Framework 3.7.1 introduced single port bulk data transfer and endpoint upcall port consolidation to reduce open ports. The Firewall Solutions Toolbox further improves security with endpoint and gateway proxies, relays to cross multiple DMZs adhering to no direct routing, and supporting unidirectional communications. It also describes the event sink for collecting events from non-Tivoli sources.
This document describes a proposed software framework called SmartX that aims to provide advanced network security for the Windows operating system. SmartX seeks to overcome drawbacks of virtual private networks (VPNs) by reducing buffer copies and protocol overhead during network packet transmission. It uses a mutual identity algorithm for authentication between endpoints and 128-bit AES encryption of packets. The framework would reside in the Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) and modify packets before transmission to provide secure and efficient communication with reduced processing overhead compared to standard VPNs.
Dear Students
Ingenious techno Solution offers an expertise guidance on you Final Year IEEE & Non- IEEE Projects on the following domain
JAVA
.NET
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ROBOTICS
MECHANICAL
MATLAB etc
For further details contact us:
enquiry@ingenioustech.in
044-42046028 or 8428302179.
Ingenious Techno Solution
#241/85, 4th floor
Rangarajapuram main road,
Kodambakkam (Power House)
http://www.ingenioustech.in/
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a rule-based technique using fuzzy logic to detect security attacks in wireless sensor networks. The paper identifies 10 common security attacks in wireless sensor networks including denial of service, eavesdropping, traffic analysis, etc. A fuzzy rule-based system is developed to calculate the impact of these security attacks. The system uses MATLAB tools and mouse dataset to test performance. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the system can predict the likelihood and impact of security attacks on a wireless sensor network.
This document discusses distributed firewalls as an alternative to traditional firewalls. It provides an overview of distributed firewalls, including that they allow security policies to be centrally defined but enforced across individual endpoints. The key advantages of distributed firewalls are that they do not depend on network topology, protect from internal threats, and avoid bottlenecks since there are multiple secure entry points rather than a single point of failure. The document also reviews related work on distributed firewalls and some of their disadvantages, such as increased complexity if the central management system is compromised.
To mitigate Black-hole attack with CBDS in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad-hoc network is self configured network that consist of mobile nodes which communicate with each other. Distributed self-organized nature of this network makes it venerable to various attacks likes DOS attack, Black hole attack, wormhole attack and jamming attack etc. Blackhole attack is one of the serious attack in network in which information loss occur which degrades the performance of network. In this work black hole attack is detected with the help of CBDS (cooperative Bait Detection Algorithm) and MD5 is used for the security purpose. This work is implemented in Network simulator and performance is checked on the bases of network parameters.
Design of Transparent Distributed IMS Network: Security Challenges Risk and S...ijngnjournal
The IP Multimedia subsystem (IMS) based on SIP as mechanism signalling and interfaces with other servers using OSA (Open Service Access) and CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic).Is responsible for the interconnection of IP packets with other network, IMS support data communication services, voice, video, messaging and web-based technologies. In this work we present a distributed design of architecture that turns up some challenges of transparent mobility on the secured IMS architecture. We introduced the architecture with clustering database HSS and automatic storage of data files that give a secure access to database. This paper gives an overview of classification of security in IMS network and we show delay analysis comparison in signalling interworking with and without securing Gateway (SEG) in the registration of any UE in access network based IMS. We show that there is a tradeoff between the level of increasing system security and the potential delay incurred by mobility in Access Network .we conclude that this architecture is suitable for operators and services providers for the new
business models delivering ,the services based IMS Everywhere, anytime and with any terminals.
The Ad Hoc mobile network (MANET) is a wireless network with properties which may constitute
challenges and weaknesses before the security progress in MANET network. It causes weakness in security,
which leads to increased attacks on MANET. In this paper the challenges and attacks likely to threaten
MANET will be investigated. As a corollary, security solutions will be discussed, the relationship between
them will be concluded and architectural security solutions in MANET will beproposed.
IRJET- Coordinates based Keying Scheme for WSN SecurityIRJET Journal
This document presents a conceptual approach for a cryptographic key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that depends on the physical location of sensor nodes. The proposed scheme is a pre-distributed key scheme where each node calculates an encryption key based on public identifiers stored in its internal memory, such as coordinates from a global positioning system. The document provides background on WSNs and security issues like various types of attacks they face. It also discusses common security mechanisms used in WSNs, including cryptography and different approaches for key distribution schemes.
The FortiGate-310B is an ASIC-powered network security appliance that can provide firewall security at switching speeds. It has 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces that can be expanded to 14 using an optional expansion module. The ASICs allow it to achieve high throughput for firewall, IPS, antivirus and other security functions without becoming a performance bottleneck. The multiple interfaces allow organizations to create internal network segmentation zones for improved security with switch-like performance.
The document describes the SonicWALL TZ Series of network security appliances. The TZ Series provides uncompromising security and performance through features such as SonicWALL's Reassembly-Free Deep Packet Inspection, Unified Threat Management, comprehensive anti-spam service, application firewall, and secure wireless connectivity. The all-new TZ Series dramatically outperforms previous models and provides full UTM protection while maximizing network speeds.
The SonicWALL TZ Series appliances provide uncompromising network security performance through SonicWALL's reassembly-free deep packet inspection and unified threat management. The TZ Series delivers comprehensive protection against viruses, spyware, intrusions and other threats at network speeds up to gigabit ethernet. It also offers secure wireless connectivity, VPN access, anti-spam filtering, application controls and other features to protect distributed enterprise networks in a cost-effective appliance.
Mitigation of Colluding Selective Forwarding Attack in WMNs using FADEIJTET Journal
ABSTRACT - Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology because of their wide range of
applications. Wireless mesh networks wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are dynamically self – organizing, self –
configuring, self – healing with nodes in the network automatically establishing an adHoc network and maintaining mesh
connectivity. Because of their fast connectivity wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is widely used in military applications.
Security is the major constrain in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This paper considers a special type of DoS attack
called selective forwarding attack or greyhole attack. With such an attack, a misbehaving mesh router just forwards few
packets it receives but drops sensitive data packets. To mitigate the effect of such attack an approach called FADE :
Forward Assessment based Detection is adopted. FADE scheme detects the presence of attack inside the network by
means of two-hop acknowledgment based monitoring and forward assessment based detection. FADE operates in three
phases and analyzed by determining optimal threshold values. This approach is found to provide effective defense against
the collaborative internal attackers in WMNs.
The document discusses the SonicWALL Network Security Appliance Series of unified threat management firewalls. It describes how the NSA Series uses a multi-core design and patented reassembly-free deep packet inspection technology to offer complete network protection without compromising performance. It provides an overview of the various features and benefits of the NSA Series, including unified threat management, scalable hardware, application intelligence and control, high availability, advanced routing/networking features, and more. The NSA Series is a scalable solution designed to meet the security needs of organizations of any size.
The document provides recommendations for securing IP telephony systems, including:
- Establishing separate security zones and controlling traffic between zones
- Using firewalls and application layer gateways to control external connections
- Implementing layer 2 protections, authentication, encryption, and availability measures
- Protecting against denial of service attacks and securing physical infrastructure
- Recommending practices like device management, testing, and physical access controls
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses evaluating the performance of a DMZ (demilitarized zone) network configuration. It begins with an introduction to DMZs and their purpose of adding an additional layer of network security. It then reviews related work that has evaluated DMZ performance and firewall performance but not specifically DMZ performance. The document aims to explore evaluating DMZ performance using network simulation software. It provides background on common firewall types - packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-proxy gateways - before discussing ways to test DMZ configurations and analyze the effects on network performance.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, their history, types, and basic concepts. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network or computer. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to only allow authorized traffic according to a security policy while protecting systems from outside penetration. They provide advantages like concentrating security but also disadvantages like potentially blocking some network access.
A firewall is hardware or software that filters network traffic by allowing or denying transmission based on a set of rules to protect networks from unauthorized access. There are two main types - network layer firewalls which filter at the IP address and port level, and application layer firewalls which can filter traffic from specific applications like FTP or HTTP. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is a physical or logical sub-network exposed to an untrusted network like the internet that contains external-facing services, protected from internal networks by firewalls. Firewalls provide security benefits like restricting access to authorized users and preventing intrusions from untrusted networks.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and their functions. It begins by explaining why computers need protection and why firewalls are needed. There are three main types of firewalls: packet filtering, application-level, and circuit-level. Packet filtering firewalls control protocols, IP addresses, and port numbers using rulesets. Application-level firewalls allow or block specific application traffic using mechanisms for each desired application. Circuit-level firewalls relay TCP connections by copying bytes between an external host and internal resource. In summary, firewalls provide network security by controlling access and filtering unauthorized traffic between internal and external networks.
This document discusses firewalls, including their definition, history, types, and purposes. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of security rules. There are different types of firewalls, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to restrict network access and protect internal systems by only allowing authorized traffic according to a security policy.
Dear Students
Ingenious techno Solution offers an expertise guidance on you Final Year IEEE & Non- IEEE Projects on the following domain
JAVA
.NET
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
ROBOTICS
MECHANICAL
MATLAB etc
For further details contact us:
enquiry@ingenioustech.in
044-42046028 or 8428302179.
Ingenious Techno Solution
#241/85, 4th floor
Rangarajapuram main road,
Kodambakkam (Power House)
http://www.ingenioustech.in/
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a rule-based technique using fuzzy logic to detect security attacks in wireless sensor networks. The paper identifies 10 common security attacks in wireless sensor networks including denial of service, eavesdropping, traffic analysis, etc. A fuzzy rule-based system is developed to calculate the impact of these security attacks. The system uses MATLAB tools and mouse dataset to test performance. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the system can predict the likelihood and impact of security attacks on a wireless sensor network.
This document discusses distributed firewalls as an alternative to traditional firewalls. It provides an overview of distributed firewalls, including that they allow security policies to be centrally defined but enforced across individual endpoints. The key advantages of distributed firewalls are that they do not depend on network topology, protect from internal threats, and avoid bottlenecks since there are multiple secure entry points rather than a single point of failure. The document also reviews related work on distributed firewalls and some of their disadvantages, such as increased complexity if the central management system is compromised.
To mitigate Black-hole attack with CBDS in MANETIJERA Editor
Mobile ad-hoc network is self configured network that consist of mobile nodes which communicate with each other. Distributed self-organized nature of this network makes it venerable to various attacks likes DOS attack, Black hole attack, wormhole attack and jamming attack etc. Blackhole attack is one of the serious attack in network in which information loss occur which degrades the performance of network. In this work black hole attack is detected with the help of CBDS (cooperative Bait Detection Algorithm) and MD5 is used for the security purpose. This work is implemented in Network simulator and performance is checked on the bases of network parameters.
Design of Transparent Distributed IMS Network: Security Challenges Risk and S...ijngnjournal
The IP Multimedia subsystem (IMS) based on SIP as mechanism signalling and interfaces with other servers using OSA (Open Service Access) and CAMEL (Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic).Is responsible for the interconnection of IP packets with other network, IMS support data communication services, voice, video, messaging and web-based technologies. In this work we present a distributed design of architecture that turns up some challenges of transparent mobility on the secured IMS architecture. We introduced the architecture with clustering database HSS and automatic storage of data files that give a secure access to database. This paper gives an overview of classification of security in IMS network and we show delay analysis comparison in signalling interworking with and without securing Gateway (SEG) in the registration of any UE in access network based IMS. We show that there is a tradeoff between the level of increasing system security and the potential delay incurred by mobility in Access Network .we conclude that this architecture is suitable for operators and services providers for the new
business models delivering ,the services based IMS Everywhere, anytime and with any terminals.
The Ad Hoc mobile network (MANET) is a wireless network with properties which may constitute
challenges and weaknesses before the security progress in MANET network. It causes weakness in security,
which leads to increased attacks on MANET. In this paper the challenges and attacks likely to threaten
MANET will be investigated. As a corollary, security solutions will be discussed, the relationship between
them will be concluded and architectural security solutions in MANET will beproposed.
IRJET- Coordinates based Keying Scheme for WSN SecurityIRJET Journal
This document presents a conceptual approach for a cryptographic key distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks (WSN) that depends on the physical location of sensor nodes. The proposed scheme is a pre-distributed key scheme where each node calculates an encryption key based on public identifiers stored in its internal memory, such as coordinates from a global positioning system. The document provides background on WSNs and security issues like various types of attacks they face. It also discusses common security mechanisms used in WSNs, including cryptography and different approaches for key distribution schemes.
The FortiGate-310B is an ASIC-powered network security appliance that can provide firewall security at switching speeds. It has 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces that can be expanded to 14 using an optional expansion module. The ASICs allow it to achieve high throughput for firewall, IPS, antivirus and other security functions without becoming a performance bottleneck. The multiple interfaces allow organizations to create internal network segmentation zones for improved security with switch-like performance.
The document describes the SonicWALL TZ Series of network security appliances. The TZ Series provides uncompromising security and performance through features such as SonicWALL's Reassembly-Free Deep Packet Inspection, Unified Threat Management, comprehensive anti-spam service, application firewall, and secure wireless connectivity. The all-new TZ Series dramatically outperforms previous models and provides full UTM protection while maximizing network speeds.
The SonicWALL TZ Series appliances provide uncompromising network security performance through SonicWALL's reassembly-free deep packet inspection and unified threat management. The TZ Series delivers comprehensive protection against viruses, spyware, intrusions and other threats at network speeds up to gigabit ethernet. It also offers secure wireless connectivity, VPN access, anti-spam filtering, application controls and other features to protect distributed enterprise networks in a cost-effective appliance.
Mitigation of Colluding Selective Forwarding Attack in WMNs using FADEIJTET Journal
ABSTRACT - Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have emerged as a promising technology because of their wide range of
applications. Wireless mesh networks wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are dynamically self – organizing, self –
configuring, self – healing with nodes in the network automatically establishing an adHoc network and maintaining mesh
connectivity. Because of their fast connectivity wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is widely used in military applications.
Security is the major constrain in wireless mesh networks (WMNs). This paper considers a special type of DoS attack
called selective forwarding attack or greyhole attack. With such an attack, a misbehaving mesh router just forwards few
packets it receives but drops sensitive data packets. To mitigate the effect of such attack an approach called FADE :
Forward Assessment based Detection is adopted. FADE scheme detects the presence of attack inside the network by
means of two-hop acknowledgment based monitoring and forward assessment based detection. FADE operates in three
phases and analyzed by determining optimal threshold values. This approach is found to provide effective defense against
the collaborative internal attackers in WMNs.
The document discusses the SonicWALL Network Security Appliance Series of unified threat management firewalls. It describes how the NSA Series uses a multi-core design and patented reassembly-free deep packet inspection technology to offer complete network protection without compromising performance. It provides an overview of the various features and benefits of the NSA Series, including unified threat management, scalable hardware, application intelligence and control, high availability, advanced routing/networking features, and more. The NSA Series is a scalable solution designed to meet the security needs of organizations of any size.
The document provides recommendations for securing IP telephony systems, including:
- Establishing separate security zones and controlling traffic between zones
- Using firewalls and application layer gateways to control external connections
- Implementing layer 2 protections, authentication, encryption, and availability measures
- Protecting against denial of service attacks and securing physical infrastructure
- Recommending practices like device management, testing, and physical access controls
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document discusses evaluating the performance of a DMZ (demilitarized zone) network configuration. It begins with an introduction to DMZs and their purpose of adding an additional layer of network security. It then reviews related work that has evaluated DMZ performance and firewall performance but not specifically DMZ performance. The document aims to explore evaluating DMZ performance using network simulation software. It provides background on common firewall types - packet filtering, stateful inspection, and application-proxy gateways - before discussing ways to test DMZ configurations and analyze the effects on network performance.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, their history, types, and basic concepts. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network or computer. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to only allow authorized traffic according to a security policy while protecting systems from outside penetration. They provide advantages like concentrating security but also disadvantages like potentially blocking some network access.
A firewall is hardware or software that filters network traffic by allowing or denying transmission based on a set of rules to protect networks from unauthorized access. There are two main types - network layer firewalls which filter at the IP address and port level, and application layer firewalls which can filter traffic from specific applications like FTP or HTTP. A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is a physical or logical sub-network exposed to an untrusted network like the internet that contains external-facing services, protected from internal networks by firewalls. Firewalls provide security benefits like restricting access to authorized users and preventing intrusions from untrusted networks.
This document discusses different types of firewalls and their functions. It begins by explaining why computers need protection and why firewalls are needed. There are three main types of firewalls: packet filtering, application-level, and circuit-level. Packet filtering firewalls control protocols, IP addresses, and port numbers using rulesets. Application-level firewalls allow or block specific application traffic using mechanisms for each desired application. Circuit-level firewalls relay TCP connections by copying bytes between an external host and internal resource. In summary, firewalls provide network security by controlling access and filtering unauthorized traffic between internal and external networks.
This document discusses firewalls, including their definition, history, types, and purposes. A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of security rules. There are different types of firewalls, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to restrict network access and protect internal systems by only allowing authorized traffic according to a security policy.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, different types, basic concepts, their role, advantages, and disadvantages. It defines a firewall as a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and a private network based on a set of rules. The document discusses software vs hardware firewalls and different types like packet filtering, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also covers the history of firewalls, their design goals, and how they concentrate security and restrict access to trusted machines only.
This document discusses firewalls and intrusion prevention systems. It begins by outlining the need for firewalls due to the evolution of networked systems and increased internet connectivity. It then describes different types of firewalls including packet filtering firewalls, stateful inspection firewalls, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. It also discusses firewall basing options and configurations such as DMZ networks, VPNs, and distributed firewalls. The document concludes by covering intrusion prevention systems and their host-based, network-based, and distributed implementations.
A firewall is a network security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules. It protects internal networks from unauthorized external access. There are three main types of firewalls: network layer firewalls that filter traffic at the IP level, application layer firewalls that filter traffic by application, and proxy firewalls that intercept traffic and act as an intermediary. Firewalls use packet filtering, proxy services, or stateful inspection to screen traffic and enforce the security policy of an organization. They help control access between networks with different trust levels, such as between the highly trusted internal network and the less trusted internet.
A firewall is a network security device that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on a set of security rules. It protects internal networks from unauthorized external access. There are three main types of firewalls: network layer firewalls that filter traffic at the IP level, application layer firewalls that filter traffic by application, and proxy firewalls that intercept traffic and act as an intermediary. Firewalls use packet filtering, proxy services, or stateful inspection to screen traffic and enforce the security policy of an organization. They help control access between networks with different trust levels, such as between the highly trusted internal network and the less trusted internet.
This document provides an overview of firewalls, including what they are, how they work, types of firewalls, and their history. A firewall is a program or device that filters network traffic between the internet and an internal network based on a set of rules. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls aim to only allow authorized traffic according to a security policy while protecting internal systems. They provide advantages such as restricting access and hiding internal network information but can also limit some network connectivity.
Firewalls are hardware or software tools that control access between private networks and public networks like the internet. There are several types of firewalls including packet filtering, circuit-level gateways, application gateways, and stateful multilayer inspection firewalls. Packet filtering firewalls work at the network layer and filter based on packet attributes. Application gateways filter at the application layer using proxies. Stateful multilayer inspection firewalls combine aspects of the other types and track communication sessions. Firewalls provide security benefits like blocking vulnerable services, enforcing access policies, and concentrating security management, but also have disadvantages like potentially limiting network access and concentrating risk.
Firewalls have evolved from metal sheets used in the 19th century to protect buildings from fire, to software and hardware used today to filter network traffic and protect computers and networks. Key developments included the growth of the internet in the 1980s which led to the implementation of firewalls in routers to control network data traffic and allocate networks. Different types of firewalls evolved to suit various network sizes, from personal firewalls on individual computers to enterprise firewalls capable of handling thousands of users across multiple firewalls. Future firewalls may be integrated directly into devices like personal computers and supercomputers.
Lakshmi.S presents information on firewalls including definitions, types, and concepts. A firewall filters internet access to protect private networks. There are software and hardware firewalls. Types include packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls concentrate security, filter unnecessary protocols, hide internal information, and require connections through the firewall. While firewalls improve security, they can hamper some network access and concentrating security in one location means compromising the firewall poses risks.
The document discusses demilitarized zones (DMZs) in computer networks. A DMZ is a small subnetwork located between a company's private network and the outside public network. It contains devices like web, FTP, and email servers that are accessible to internet traffic but isolated from the internal network. DMZs provide enhanced security by separating internal and external networks, and only allowing specific services that need to be accessed from the outside. The document outlines common DMZ architectures, security considerations, and the types of servers and services typically located in a DMZ.
Firewall is a device or set of instruments designed to permit or deny network transmissions based upon a set of rules and regulation is frequently used to protect networks from unauthorized access while permitting legitimate communications to pass or during the sensitive data transmission. Distributed firewalls allow enforcement of security policies on a network without restricting its topology on an inside or outside point of view. Use of a policy language and centralized delegating its semantics to all members of the networks domain support application of firewall technology for organizations, which network devices communicate over insecure channels and still allow a logical separation of hosts in- and outside the trusted domain. We introduce the general concepts of such distributed firewalls, its requirements and implications and introduce its suitability to common threats on the Internet, as well as give a short discussion on contemporary implementations.
A firewall is a program or hardware device that filters network traffic between private networks and the internet. There are different types, including packet filtering routers, application-level gateways, and circuit-level gateways. Firewalls provide security by only allowing authorized traffic according to a security policy, hiding internal network details, and concentrating security in one location. They help protect networks from internet threats while also allowing necessary access.
Describe what you would do to protect a network from attack, mention .pdfjibinsh
Describe what you would do to protect a network from attack, mention any appliances or
products you can recommend.
Solution
Configuration Management
The main weapon in network attack defence is tight configuration management. The following
measures should be strictly implemented as part of configuration management.
• If the machines in your network should be running up-to-date copies of the operating system
and they are immediately updated whenever a new service pack or patch is released.
• All your configuration files in your Operating Systems or Applications should have enough
security.
• All the default passwords in your Operating Systems or Applications should be changed after
the installation.
• You should implement tight security for root/Administrator passwords
Firewalls
Another weapon for defense against network attack is Firewall. Firewall is a device and/or a
sotware that stands between a local network and the Internet, and filters traffic that might be
harmful. Firewalls can be classified in to four based on whether they filter at the IP packet level,
at the TCP session level, at the application level or hybrid.
1. Packet Filtering: Packet filtering firewalls are functioning at the IP packet level. Packet
filtering firewalls filters packets based on addresses and port number. Packet filtering firewalls
can be used as a weapon in network attack defense against Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and
IP Spoofing attacks.
2. Circuit Gateways: Circuit gateways firewalls operate at the transport layer, which means that
they can reassemble, examine or block all the packets in a TCP or UDP connection. Circuit
gateway firewalls can also Virtual Private Network (VPN) over the Internet by doing encryption
from firewall to firewall.
3. Application Proxies: Application proxy-based firewalls function at the application level. At
this level, you can block or control traffic generated by applications. Application Proxies can
provide very comprehensive protection against a wide range of threats.
4. Hybrid: A hybrid firewall may consist of a pocket filtering combined with an application
proxy firewall, or a circuit gateway combined with an application proxy firewall.
Encryption
Encryption is another great weapon used in defense against network attacks. Click the following
link to get a basic idea of encryption.
Encryption can provide protection against eavesdropping and sniffer attacks. Private Key
Infrastructure (PKI) Technologies, Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), and Virtual Private
Networks (VPN) when implemented properly, can secure you network against network attacks.
Other tips for defense against network attack are
• Privilege escalation at different levels and strict password policies
• Tight physical security for all your machines, especially servers.
• Tight physical security and isolation for your back up data..
Coming to this issue we have Network Security in Tool Gyan which will put light on how to set up a secured network, Who wants to be a Millionaire in Tool Gyan, check out yourself of what exactly its all about ;)TOR in Mom's guide for all those who thought 'It sounds very complicated to use, I’m not a hacker! I can’t use it!' by our Author- Federico from Italy.
This document discusses security technologies taught in an Illinois Institute of Technology course. It covers firewalls, intrusion detection systems, dial-up protection, and other topics. The learning objectives are to define types of firewalls, discuss firewall implementation approaches, and understand technologies like encryption and biometrics. Firewalls examined include packet filtering, proxy, stateful inspection, dynamic, and kernel proxy firewalls. Intrusion detection systems can be host-based or network-based, using signatures or anomalies. Remote authentication and terminal access control systems help secure dial-up access.
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IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
1. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
IBM zEnterprise System - Network
Security
2. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................. 3
Network Firewall Introduction............................................................................................ 3
IBM zEnterprise System Network Security Overview........................................................ 6
zEnterprise Security Framework .................................................................................... 8
Physical Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 9
Logical Security ............................................................................................................. 9
IEDN Workloads and Security Zones .......................................................................... 12
External Network Access............................................................................................. 13
Exploiting External Firewalls ........................................................................................... 14
Summary ......................................................................................................................... 17
Acknowledgments and Contributions............................................................................. 18
About the Authors: .......................................................................................................... 19
2
3. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Abstract
This paper is provided for both IBM and IBM customers who have an interest in the
IBM zEnterprise™ System “Network Security” topic. It is assumed that readers
already have a basic background in both the zEnterprise System and fundamental
Network Security concepts. The primary purpose of this paper is to describe why,
for many customers, traditional network firewalls will not be required for their
network traffic associated with multi-tier application workloads within a zEnterprise
Ensemble. This subject is organized into the following three topics:
1. Network Firewall Introduction
General introduction and overview of the concepts of network security zones and
how firewalls can be used to control security zone crossings for network traffic
related to multi-tier workloads
2. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security Overview
Overview of the zEnterprise System internal (intraensemble) data network and how
the IBM zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager (zManager) provides innovative
network management features such as network virtualization, access control and
network isolation to protect the heterogeneous platforms within the Ensemble
3. Exploiting External Firewalls
How (when required for compliance, mandated standards, and / or other business
imperatives) customers can continue to exploit their existing external firewalls to
provide the same level of protection for resources within the Ensemble (i.e. when
network traffic crosses intraensemble security zones).
Network Firewall Introduction
One of the core security technologies common in most, if not all, network-attached
computing environments, large or small, is the firewall. Firewalls take many shapes
and forms, from host-based solutions targeting the personal computer as an
integrated security suite to large dedicated purpose built appliance hardware
protecting high volume traffic at the network’s edge. There are hundreds of
variations on firewall solutions and their uses, each with their own value add or
benefit in a particular situation, but there is one clear requirement that firewalls
bring to the table no matter what size or how many bells and whistles are present.
Firewalls must have the ability to block access or connectivity that is deemed as
unauthorized, while still letting authorized traffic reach the intended target system or
application.
In its simplest form the firewall acts as a basic packet filter, looking at each packet
and checking a set of rules or policy to determine which packets are granted access,
passing through the firewall, and which packets are denied. This basic packet
filtering capability can be found in both network firewalls (either hardware or
software based) and host firewalls. Host solutions, like that found in IBM’s
Proventia® Server for Linux® on IBM System z® or z/OS® Communications IP Filters,
3
4. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
run within the server image and are used to protect network traffic flowing into and
out of the server. These types of host solutions are targeted at self-protection.
Another firewall solution that might be found on the host is an application firewall,
designed to protect a particular application or server, such as a Web server, FTP,
database, Telnet, etc. from unauthorized or malicious attack.
Security Zone 1 Security Zone 2 Security Zone 3
Publicly Available
Application
Private
External
Network
Network Perimeter
Network
F F
i i
r r
e e
w w
a a
l DMZ l
l l
Figure 1: Basic DMZ
It is the job of a network firewall to ensure that only the intended traffic passes
though the firewall from one security zone to another security zone. One of the
classic deployments of a network firewall is the Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, which
can be defined as a perimeter network, located between an external network and a
private or protected network, that provides isolation for a publicly available service
in the perimeter network, with the ultimate goal of protecting the private network,
data and services in the enterprise. An example of a DMZ can be seen in figure 1.
The yellow perimeter network, identified in security zone 2 might include a web
server, which is available to the Internet or external network shown in the red
security zone 1. There is no path directly from the untrusted red external network to
the trusted green private network found in security zone 3. In this case the DMZ,
with its two firewalls that bound the perimeter network, isolates the enterprise
resources from the threats of the Internet.
As virtualization continues to drive consolidation on all platforms, the network in
these environments will need to be evaluated for compliance with the corporate
security policy as well as with possible regulatory requirements. Different network
architectures might need to be explored including the use of proxy servers, virtual
LANs, Network Address Translation (NAT), and other technologies in conjunction
with a basic packet filter or stateful firewalls. In a distributed environment it might
be simpler to segregate security zones, deploying each zone on isolated, inexpensive
4
5. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
hardware. As you explore the benefits of deploying diverse workloads on System z
and the advantages the platform has to offer, it becomes necessary to reexamine the
goals, intentions and requirements of network security in the light of this
environment. It is always important to question and revise security decisions as
environments and threats evolve. Reevaluating the placement and need for firewalls
is no different. They need to be placed where they make sense and were they
provide value.
System z is now an integration of new multiple architectural technologies with the
introduction of the IBM zEnterprise System. It is comprised of the IBM zEnterprise
196 (z196), the IBM zEnterprise BladeCenter® Extension (zBX) Model 002, the
Unified Resource Manager, and optimizers and IBM blades. The heterogeneous
resources of the zEnterprise System are managed and virtualized through the Unified
Resource Manager as a single pool of resources, providing integrated system and
workload management across this multisystem, multitier, multiarchitecture
environment.
One function of the Unified Resource Manager is network virtualization
management, including the provisioning of a secure private data network called the
Intraensemble Data Network (IEDN). The IEDN is designed to ensure the safety,
security and isolation of network traffic into and out of applications running within
this environment. It is important to ensure the right technologies are used in
network flows to minimize latency while providing the required level of security and
isolation of intellectual property and mission critical applications and data.
Understanding the level of security required and the isolation provided by the
network virtualization management function of the Unified Resource Manager in
collaboration with other firmware elements of the IBM zEnterprise System will help
clients determine what, if any, additional security devices, like firewalls, are required
in their enterprise solutions.
As the end-to-end solutions that clients build or consolidate on a System z
Enterprise System are explored, the security requirements of that solution must be
understood. Careful consideration should be given to the security requirements.
These requirements might be born out of a security policy that identifies various
security zones and transitions, or it might be based on regulatory requirements such
as PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard). Either way, the
requirements are real and must be addressed in a way that satisfies the client and in
many cases the auditor. The determination of the requirement for, and placement
of, network firewalls needs to be reevaluated with a new understanding of the
security and isolation inherently provided by the IBM zEnterprise System as an
integrated and optimized multiplatform environment.
5
6. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
IBM zEnterprise System Network Security Overview
This section provides an overview of the zEnterprise physical infrastructure
associated with network communications. Key concepts such as the node, how a
cluster of nodes can be formed into an “Ensemble”, and finally how network
communication is provided for within the Ensemble are also introduced in this
section. The resources within the ensemble are managed across heterogeneous
platforms by an innovative zEnterprise function called “Unified Resource Manager”.
Unified Resource Manager will orchestrate various forms of platform management
and virtualization by interacting with various elements of platform firmware and
hardware.
Figure 2: System zEnterprise
Figure 2 illustrates a z196 with an attached zBX. A z196 can support up to four
locally attached racks in a zBX. Together the CPC and the optional zBX are
considered a single logical node. Individual nodes (up to eight) can be grouped into
an Ensemble which is defined at the HMC. The Unified Resource Manager (HMC)
can then manage the resources of the entire Ensemble by communicating with the
Support Element (SE) of each node.
The zEnterprise provides a dedicated system data network. This data network spans
all nodes within the Ensemble reaching all servers within each node across the
entire ensemble. The security attributes and considerations associated with
zEnterprise network communications is the primary focus of this document.
6
7. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Figure 3: System zEnterprise Node
Figure 3 illustrates a zEnterprise node and the various networks associated with the
node.
Within the zEnterprise node there are two new “internal networks” which are both
private and dedicated to specific communication purposes. The customer managed
“external” networks (data and management) are not changed. zCPC access to the
customer’s external data network is through an OSA configured as OSD. The access
to the new internal networks is controlled by the Unified Resource Manager
(zManager).
The zEnterprise provides the following two new internal networks:
1. Intranode management network (INMN) – a 1GbE network used by zEnterprise
Unified Resource Management firmware to communicate with the various virtual
servers and hypervisors within the node. From a zCPC z this network is accessed
by an OSA configured as an OSM CHPID. It is restricted to zManager related
functions and therefore can not be used or accessed by customer management
applications.
2. Intraensemble data network (IEDN) – a 10 GbE flat layer 2 network that spans
across all physical and virtual resources of all of the nodes within the ensemble
and is used by customer application workloads fully contained within the ensemble
to provide normal network communications for these workloads. From a zCPC
this network is accessed by an OSA configured as an OSX CHPID. Layer 3 IP
routing is not required to communicate with resources within the ensemble.
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8. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
This security and access control attributes related to the intra-ensemble data network
is the underlying topic of this paper.
zEnterprise Security Framework
The industry leading system security related features of the zEnterprise System are
achieved by providing a security framework that spans multiple tiers of the
zEnterprise platform. This multiple layer security model is very similar to previous
System z platforms, but it is enhanced with Unified Resource Manager network
related functions associated with the IEDN. The following figure provides an
overview of the multi-tier security model.
The IBM Security Framework
Security Governance, Risk Management
and Compliance
Security Governance, Risk Management
and Compliance
People and Identity
Data and Information
Application and Process
Network, Server, and End-point
Physical Infrastructure
Common Policy, Event Handling and Reporting
Professional Managed Hardware
Services Services & Software
Figure 4: IBM Security Framework
Figure 4 illustrates the existing IBM security framework and how this framework is
preserved and enhanced for zEnterprise. All security functions provided at the
“Application and Process” layer and above are not affected by zEnterprise and will
still be leveraged and used by customers without change. However, the lower two
layers “Physical Infrastructure” and “Network, Server and End-point” are affected
and enhanced by the zEnterprise environment. Both layers require closer
examination.
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9. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Physical Infrastructure
The physical security provided by the customer’s secure system environment will
continue to apply to zEnterprise. This typically consists of aspects such as:
Lock and key areas (i.e. badge access to the physical systems lab and restricted
areas)
Locked systems and physical infrastructure (locked covers and access panels)
Employee access control (IDs and passwords) to system administrative functions
at the system consoles, HMC and SE
This existing physical security is enhanced by the following new networking
hardware features offered in the zEnterprise System:
Dedicated and private networking hardware equipment which reside within the
frames of the zEnterprise System and zBX under locked covers that reduces the
number of typical physical network hops reducing the scope of security
vulnerability
All administration and management interfaces for the new networking hardware
equipment are provided exclusively via the Unified Resource Manager (HMC)
New Unified Resource Manager (HMC) administrative roles and passwords for
secure access to the HMC for network virtualization configuration settings
New OSA-Express3 OSM and OSX CHPID types for the Intranode Management
Network and Intraensemble Data Network which contain new system Unified
Resource Manager firmware that provide secure access control to the internal
networks (which cannot be defined on the same physical CHPIDs/ports used as
OSD connections to access the customer managed external data networks)
An OSX CHPIDs identifies and verifies the physical switch to which it is
connected. If the switch is not the expected/supported zBX TOR switch, then an
alert is raised, and a Call Home event is generated.
Logical Security
The next layer in the framework describes security features related to the network,
server and End-point. System z supports many security features related to this layer
including:
Network security – Identification, authentication, and encryption using TLS/SSL
SSH and IPSec, network isolation and access control using IP Filters, Firewalls,
VLANs, and other technologies.
Sserver and end-point security – Operating System and middleware/application
identification, authentication and access controls, security managers such as
RACF, administrative roles and passwords, Operating System specific security
features, zVM security features, I/O configuration (e.g. using IOCDS NOTPART
in device candidate list or HCD) security features, logging, and other capabilities.
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10. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
The existing features (listed above) continue to be available and can be deployed
within a zEnterprise system. However, zEnterprise also introduces several key
advanced network security features for the IEDN in support of the new
heterogeneous multi-tier, multiplatform, virtualized workloads that can be deployed
in a zEnterprise ensemble.
These new capabilities are provided by the Network Virtualization Management
(NVM) component of the Unified Resource Manager and include the following
network virtualization and isolation features:
The ability to define multiple distinct virtual networks in the IEDN with platform
enforced access controls for all network access points in the IEDN. These virtual
networks can be viewed as distinct security zones and exploit VLAN technology
for strict isolation of these networks across a common shared physical network
fabric (IEDN). The OSA-Express3 OSX CHPID also includes the OSA ISOLATE
function (assures virtual server isolation for shared OSA).
The ability to associate virtual servers and optimizers within an ensemble with
one or more virtual networks. All virtual servers and optimizers must be explicitly
associated with a virtual network in order to access the IEDN.
When combined, these two features provide administrators the ability to deploy
workloads with distinct security and isolation requirements into zEnterprise nodes
within the ensemble while retaining complete network separation of the servers
comprising each workload in the IEDN.
The following figure provides a summary of the previous topics illustrating the
network access control system architecture provided by the zEnterprise Unified
Resource Manager.
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11. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Figure 5: zEnterprise Network Access Control
As virtual networks are defined and provisioned, the Unified Resource Manager will
push all relevant network configuration information to the virtual switch (hypervisor)
and physical switches within each node of the ensemble. These virtual and physical
switches within the Ensemble will then serve as the access control points for the
IEDN. All ensemble network traffic must pass through one or more of these
applicable network access control points.
Operating Systems that are to be loaded into virtual servers must coordinate their
network VLAN configurations with the Unified Resource Manager (VLAN
configuration). If the Operating System attempts to use to a virtual network to which
it does not have access to (authorization) it will fail to connect.
The NVM component of the Unified Resource Manager also supports the following
additional network security features for the IEDN:
Access controls are provided for the enablement of each external port on the zBX
TOR switch. Using the Unified Resource Manager an administrator must enable
physical TOR switch ports by defining the specific VLANs (and MAC addresses
for access to zBX system resources by servers that are not part of the ensemble)
that are to be granted access to the TOR switch (ports).
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12. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
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The Unified Resource Manager controls all dynamic MAC address generation by
assigning a MAC address prefix to all hypervisors and virtual switches (Note:
OSX is also considered a virtual switch of the PR/SM™ hypervisor). This central
configuration approach eliminates MAC address conflicts and unauthorized
virtual MAC generation.
IEDN Workloads and Security Zones
Groups of related virtual servers can be isolated into smaller networks by defining
multiple virtual networks and then restricting virtual servers to specific virtual
networks. This isolation can be based on workload, line of business, or other related
security criteria that customers define. Virtual servers can be System z Logical
Partitions (LPARs), guests virtualized by the various hypervisors within the
Ensemble or optimizers. Virtual networks have no physical boundaries within the
IEDN; any virtual server within the IEDN can be connected to an IEDN virtual
network.
The following figure illustrates how virtual servers can be isolated by deploying
multiple virtual networks.
Figure 6: Multiple Virtual Networks
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13. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Within the IEDN security zones can be viewed as virtual networks. When a new
zone is required, the user can define a new virtual network and then grant access to
the new network to the appropriate virtual servers. zManager will then orchestrate
the virtualization among the server, network, hypervisor and the underlying VLAN
technology (within the physical switches) in a manner to provide a complete and
secure network solution.
This approach provides significant additional flexibility and isolation controls when
compared with traditional deployments of multi-tier multiplatform workloads across
physical servers connected via one or more external networks. In this latter scenario,
unrelated workloads may be hosted on the same external physical networks and
firewalls may need to be deployed to ensure isolation across the various workloads
and network boundaries. With the zEnterprise virtual network isolation features,
multi-tier, multiplatform workloads hosted within an ensemble can now be
associated with a single virtual network to maintain strict isolation from other
workloads hosted within the ensemble. When this type of deployment is possible the
requirement for traversing a firewall between all server tiers may be reduced or
eliminated. Each OS can continue to implement their existing IP filters as necessary.
Coupling the IP filters with the virtual network isolation provides a very strong form
of access control for secure communications within servers that are part of the same
virtual network in the IEDN. Traditional firewall requirements will however continue
to exist for certain scenarios, such as traffic entering/leaving the zEnterprise System
or scenarios where workloads belonging to different virtual networks need to be able
to communicate with one another.
The focus of this paper has been on the network isolation and firewall considerations
for the zEnterprise IEDN and a discussion of the new physical and logical network
security features being introduced. In addition to these topics, the use of network
security protocols like SSL/TLS, IPsec and SSH should also be carefully considered
within the intraensemble data network. Some workloads may only require the
endpoint or packet-based authentication offered by these protocols while others
might still require full encryption of network traffic for privacy or regulatory
requirements. Careful analysis of the specific security requirements within the
confines of the intraensemble data network could show that more selective use of
network encryption is warranted in some cases.
External Network Access
The following figure illustrates the two options customers can use to connect their
external network traffic to the zEnterprise (i.e. connecting blades to the outside
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14. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
world). Both options involve leveraging the customer’s traditional external Firewall
and access controls used to protect their enterprise systems.
Figure 7: External Network Access
In most cases customers will use both forms of external access based on traffic
destination, load balancing, or other QoS criteria. The access control from the
customer’s external network remains within the customer’s scope of control. Once
network traffic is within the Ensemble, then the IEDN virtual networking access
control provisions take control.
Exploiting External Firewalls
It is recognized that in some environments customers will still be required to force
traffic back out of the IEDN to route some network connections through a specific
firewall. This can be achieved by using standard network routing within the OS of
the virtual servers.
If you want to ensure that all packets that cross VLAN boundaries in the IEDN go
through a firewall router, create a static default route whose next hop is the address
of the firewall router. If you require all traffic to go through this firewall, this is
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15. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
sufficient. If traffic that is not crossing VLAN boundaries does not have to go
through the firewall, you can create a static subnet route to direct that traffic to go
directly where it needs to go on the VLAN.
For example if you are attached to a VLAN with subnet, and traffic to destinations
within that subnet do not require firewall use but all packets leaving that VLAN do,
you create the following static routes:
Route destination Outgoing interface Next Hop comment
0.0.0.0 Your interface attached The firewall router's IP Default route. Causes all
to the VLAN address on the VLAN you packets not routed by any
are attached to other routes to be routed
to the firewall
The VLAN’s subnet Your interface attached none Direct route to
address to the VLAN destinations in the VLAN
subnet, will ARP for the
destination address and
go directly there,
bypassing the firewall.
Table 1: Routing Table Overview – Accessing External Firewall
Referencing the Figure 7 (external network access), a server within the zBX could
use the option 2 external network path to access the customer’s external firewall and
then re-enter the intraensemble data network for connecting to the next tier server.
The following figure illustrates this approach.
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16. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Figure 8: Exploiting an External Firewall
Figure 8 provides an example illustrating the network path of a blade server
accessing a System z server via an external firewall. IP addresses are now shown in
Table 2 (below) that correspond to the example in figure 8. Some key points to note
are:
1. Server 72B (IBM Blade virtual server) has two virtual network interfaces defined
as follows:
a. Eth1 – IP Subnet 192.12.144. 0/24 VLAN B - used to access the external
network and Firewall via zBX TOR switch – note the red network path
b. Eth2 – IP Subnet 10.24.104.0/24 VLAN C - used to connect directly to
servers via the IEDN within the Ensemble (e.g. Linux 55 is also defined to
access VLAN C and same IP subnet) – note the direct blue network path
2. Server 22A (z/OS LP) has a virtual network interface subnet 10.67.124.0/24
VLAN A (used to access the external network and Firewall via zBX TOR switch)
that is defined to support connections from the blades which must use the
external Firewall. This z/OS server would most likely have other virtual NICs
(VLANs) defined for direct IEDN access to other virtual servers (both system z
and IBM blades) within the Ensemble.
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17. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Route destination Outgoing interface Next Hop comment
0.0.0.0 Your interface attached The firewall router's IP Default route. Causes all
to the VLAN B address on the VLAN you packets not routed by any
are attached to other routes to be routed
192.12.144.100 (Eth1) to the firewall
192.12.144.1
10.24.104.0/24 Your interface attached none Direct route to
to the VLAN C destinations in the VLAN
subnet, will ARP for the
destination address and
go directly there,
10.24.104.108 (Eth2) bypassing the firewall.
Table 2: Sample Routing Table in Virtual Server 72B (Figure 8)
Summary
This paper has provided a basic review of the notion of a network firewall and
considerations regarding the requirements for deploying one in a zEnterprise
environment. It has also described the internal networking support introduced with
the IBM zEnterprise and how, due to its enhanced physical and logical security, in
many cases it may eliminate the need for a network firewall to protect network traffic
within a zEnterprise environment. Finally, it has described how you can use an
external firewall if it is deemed necessary, e.g. for regulatory reasons or due to
general mandated corporate policy, to utilize a specific network firewall solution to
protect traffic between virtual servers in a zEnterprise environment.
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18. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
Acknowledgments and Contributions
This paper was a collaborative effort. Thanks to the following individuals for their
contributions to this paper.
Kim Bailey
Bill Carey
Anna Coffey
John Dayka
Gwen Dente - IBM S&D Advanced Technical Skills (ATS)
Patty Driever
Mike Fox
Gus Kassimis
Gary McAfee
Christopher Meyer
Linwood Overby
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19. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
July 2010
About the Authors:
Jerry Stevens is a Senior Technical Staff Member with IBM
SWG and works in AIM Enterprise Networking Solutions
Architecture Strategy and Design with a focus on
communications hardware architecture. He has 25+ years
experience with z/OS network communications. Jerry can be
reached at sjerry@us.ibm.com.
Peter Spera is a Senior Software Engineer with IBM Corp.
He is focused on security for Linux on the System z platform,
but he is also involved with other areas, such as system
integrity and vulnerability reporting for System z. Peter can
be reached at spera@us.ibm.com.
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20. IBM zEnterprise System - Network Security
Copyright IBM Corporation 2010
IBM Systems and Technology Group
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Produced in the United States of America,
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