Presentation on NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program)Moninder Kaur
NRP is neonatal resuscitation program. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing at birth. Less than 1% require extensive resuscitative measures. Although the majority of newly born infants do not require intervention to make the transition from intrauterine to extra-uterine life, because of the large total number of births, a sizable number will require some degree of resuscitation.
Presentation on NRP (Neonatal Resuscitation Program)Moninder Kaur
NRP is neonatal resuscitation program. Approximately 10% of newborns require some assistance to begin breathing at birth. Less than 1% require extensive resuscitative measures. Although the majority of newly born infants do not require intervention to make the transition from intrauterine to extra-uterine life, because of the large total number of births, a sizable number will require some degree of resuscitation.
WHO Extract on Newborn care, Apgar scale and score, interpreting apgar scores and important things on interpretation, newborn care kit, objectives,procedure of immediate newborn care, positions used during resuscitations and DO's and DONT's of a newborn care.
TOPIC – MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN
PRESENTED BY – MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL
INTRODUCTION
The minor disorders are most common among newborn, neglecting the minor health problems is one of the factors contributing to the newborn mortality rate.
DEFINITION OF NEWBORN
From birth to till 28 days the baby is called newborn or neonate.
DEFINITION
Minor ailments are a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning.
STUFFY NOSE -
It may be lead to mouth breathing and excessive air swallowing which in turn may lead to abdominal distension and vomiting .
TREATMENT = The nostrils may be cleaned with cotton wool soaked with normal saline.
STICKY EYES
It may be due to bacterial conjunctivitis due to staphylococcus.
TREATMENT- Use of erythromycin (0.5%)ointment every 6 hours for 7-10 days cures the condition.
SKIN RASHES
Small patches usually to napkin areas may involved groin, axilla, face, legs and back.
TREATMENT – frequently care.
ORAL THRUSH
It is fungal infection characterized by white patches in the mouth and tongue .
TREATMENT – should be treat mothers vaginal candidacies during antenatal period. After each feed clean the baby mouth and mother nipple also.
NEONATAL JAUNDICE
It is yellow color of skin usually on the face, abdomen, and legs.
TREATMENT – usually correct itself in a few days. If not then baby should keep on photo therapy.
VOMITING
Due to faulty techniques of breast feeding.
TREATMENT – proper techniques of breast feeding in proper position.
Avoid bottle feeding.
DIARROHEA
Due to intake to maternal medicines such as ampicillin and any other drugs.
Put on exclusive breast feeding.
Avoid bottle feeding
Wash nipple before and after each feeding.
NEWNATAL CONSTIPATION
Due to insufficient fluid or milk intake.
More common in bottle fed infant.
MANAGEMENT – Give proper breast fed.
Apply lubricant over anal region.
SORE BUTTOCK
Due to frequent loose stools.
Poor hygiene.
TREATMENT – change position from time to time.
Put baby in lateral position or prone position.
Apply coconut oil.
UMBILICAL GRANULOMA
Sign – area around umbilical cord becomes moist and may swell and bleeding may occur.
TREATMENT – treat with silver nitrate.
THANKS
WHO Extract on Newborn care, Apgar scale and score, interpreting apgar scores and important things on interpretation, newborn care kit, objectives,procedure of immediate newborn care, positions used during resuscitations and DO's and DONT's of a newborn care.
TOPIC – MINOR DISORDERS OF NEWBORN
PRESENTED BY – MISS MANJOT KAUR GILL
INTRODUCTION
The minor disorders are most common among newborn, neglecting the minor health problems is one of the factors contributing to the newborn mortality rate.
DEFINITION OF NEWBORN
From birth to till 28 days the baby is called newborn or neonate.
DEFINITION
Minor ailments are a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning.
STUFFY NOSE -
It may be lead to mouth breathing and excessive air swallowing which in turn may lead to abdominal distension and vomiting .
TREATMENT = The nostrils may be cleaned with cotton wool soaked with normal saline.
STICKY EYES
It may be due to bacterial conjunctivitis due to staphylococcus.
TREATMENT- Use of erythromycin (0.5%)ointment every 6 hours for 7-10 days cures the condition.
SKIN RASHES
Small patches usually to napkin areas may involved groin, axilla, face, legs and back.
TREATMENT – frequently care.
ORAL THRUSH
It is fungal infection characterized by white patches in the mouth and tongue .
TREATMENT – should be treat mothers vaginal candidacies during antenatal period. After each feed clean the baby mouth and mother nipple also.
NEONATAL JAUNDICE
It is yellow color of skin usually on the face, abdomen, and legs.
TREATMENT – usually correct itself in a few days. If not then baby should keep on photo therapy.
VOMITING
Due to faulty techniques of breast feeding.
TREATMENT – proper techniques of breast feeding in proper position.
Avoid bottle feeding.
DIARROHEA
Due to intake to maternal medicines such as ampicillin and any other drugs.
Put on exclusive breast feeding.
Avoid bottle feeding
Wash nipple before and after each feeding.
NEWNATAL CONSTIPATION
Due to insufficient fluid or milk intake.
More common in bottle fed infant.
MANAGEMENT – Give proper breast fed.
Apply lubricant over anal region.
SORE BUTTOCK
Due to frequent loose stools.
Poor hygiene.
TREATMENT – change position from time to time.
Put baby in lateral position or prone position.
Apply coconut oil.
UMBILICAL GRANULOMA
Sign – area around umbilical cord becomes moist and may swell and bleeding may occur.
TREATMENT – treat with silver nitrate.
THANKS
NEONATAL HYPOTHERMIA PAEDIATRICS BY DR. PARTHASARATHYSamDilipPrasanth1
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines
neonatal hypothermia as an axillary temperature
below 36.5°C (97.7°F) among newborns aged
below 28 days.
Normal axillary temperature is
36.5–37.5°C
Severity Of Hypothermia
1)Mild hypothermia/cold stress 36.0–36.4°C
2)Moderate hypothermia 32.0–35.9°C
3)Severe hypothermia <32°C.
It is an environmental temperature at which the newborn has minimal
rates of oxygen consumption and expends the least energy to maintain
its temperature is needed.
Mechanism Of Heat Production in
Newborn
1)Nonshivering thermogenesis—occurs by utilizing brown fat in
newborns. Thermoreceptors on sensing a low temperature result in
elevated sympathetic output and this stimulates the beta-adrenergic
receptors in the brown fat increasing cAMP. This results in
increased metabolism and increases heat production.
2) Increased metabolic activity—the brain, heart, and liver produce
metabolic energy by oxidative metabolism of glucose, fat, and
protein.
3)Peripheral vasoconstriction—reduces blood flow to the skin and
decreases loss of heat.
MECHANISM OF HEAT LOSS IN NEWBORN
Evaporation
Radiation
Due to the
evaporation of
amniotic fluid
from skin surface
Conduction
By coming in
contact with
cold objects
such as cloth
and weighing
tray
Convection
Convection by
air currents
where cold air
replaces warm
air around baby
due
to open windows,
fans, etc.
Radiation to
colder solid
objects in
vicinity-like
walls
Risk Factors
PRETERM,
LBW,IUGR,Asphyxia
Congenital
Abdominal Wall
defects
Low delivery room
temperature, Bathing
the baby after
delivery
Removal of vernix
caseosa, Reduced
contact with mother
Delayed initiation of
breastfeed
Surgical procedures
PREVENTION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN VARIOUS
SETUPS
Memories flashed across my
mind as I came
across the first photo
of myself as a little
baby..
In delivery room and operation theater:
• Follow the 10 steps of “warm chain” recommended by the WHO.
Draught free and warm delivery room temperature of 25–28°C.
Radiant warmer to be prewarmed along with all the linen and clothes/cap before
delivery.
Cap prevents significant heat loss in preterm as well as in term infants. Remove wet towel.
Baby is placed directly on the mother’s abdomen or chest after delivery in both vaginal
and cesarean delivery.
Provide warmth by skin-to-skin contact after drying with a warm and dry linen if baby
is doing well.
Breastfeeding can be started immediately and the baby and the mother are covered
with a warm blanket. Delay bathing. No bathing in the hospital.
Resuscitation, if required, should be done under the radiant warmer and heated
humidified gases to be used if oxygen or positive pressure ventilation is required.
Prewarm medications and intravenous (IV) fluid, if required.
During surgery, abdominal organ coverage reduces the incidence of hypothermia.
Additional measures for very preterm infants (who are more prone to hypothermia due
to greater surface-to-mass ratio and lesser brown fat):
In the NICU:
• Use servocontrolled warmer or
This document is for nursing student. Provide information about pre term baby care and management. This is an important topic of nursing care of pre term baby.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. Definition
• Auxiliary temperature less then 36.5 degree C (96.8 degree F) is called
hypothermia
• Where a normal auxiliary temperature is between 36.5-37.5 degree
centigrade(97.8-99 degree F)
3. Causes
• Larger surface area per unit body weight
• Larger head size in relation to surface area
• Low subcutaneous and brown fat
• Thin and immature skin
• Low energy storage
• High respiratory rate
• Poor thermoregulation
4. Others risk factors
• Cool room
• Delay and inadequate drying
• Improper wrapping
• Not feeding well
• Cold surface area
5.
6. Ways of heat loss in newborn
• Conduction : when body surface area come in contact with cold
objects like cloths table or weighing machine body loss heat through
conduction
• Convection : when the baby is expose to cold air
• Evaporation : soon after birth amniotic fluid evaporate from skin
causes heat loss
• Radiation: when the body is near to cold objects such as wall
7. Method of grading hypothermia
Human touch with back of the hand
• Normal: warm trunk (over abdomen ) and warm pink soles
• Cold stress: warm trunk but cold feet
• Hypothermia: cold feet and trunk
8. Monitoring of auxiliary temperature
Normal temperature 36.5 – 37.5 Degree centigrade
Mild hypothermia (cold stress) Less then 36.5-36 degree centigrade
Moderate hypothermia Less then 36-32 degree centigrade
Severe hypothermia Less 32 degree centigrade
9. Clinical presentation
Mild hypothermia Moderate hypothermia Severe hypothermia
Restlessness Difficulty breathing Breathing difficulty
Excessive cry bradycardia Poor or no feeding , hypoglycemia
Acrocyanosis Poor or no feeding Lethargy , poor reflexes
Cold extremities Lethargy, poor reflexes Hardened skin
Poor feeding Cold to touch Slow , shallow and irregular
respiration
Delay capillary refill Cold to touch
oliguria Abdominal distension , Apnea
10. Management of hypothermia
Mild hypothermia:
• Quick rewarming of the baby by removing wet clothes
• Cover baby properly including head
• Encourage and help kangaroo mother care
• Maintain warm room temperature
• Breast feeding and close monitor of temperature in every 15-30
minutes
11. Moderate hypothermia
• Remove cold or wet clothing, if present.
• If the mother is present, have her rewarm the baby using skin-to-skin
contact, if the baby does not have other problems.
• If the mother is not present or skin-to-skin contact cannot be used.
• Dress the baby in warm clothes and a hat, and cover with a warm blanket;
• Warm the baby using a radiant warmer. Use another method of rewarming,
if necessary.
• Encourage the mother to breastfeed more frequently. If the baby cannot be
breastfed, give expressed breast milk using an alternative feeding method
12. Conti….
• Measure blood glucose . If the blood glucose is less than 45 mg/dl ,
treat for low blood glucose
• If the baby’s respiratory rate is more than 60 breaths per minute or the
baby has chest indrawing or grunting on expiration, treat for breathing
difficulty
• Measure the baby’s temperature every hour for three hours:
• If the baby’s temperature is increasing at least 0.5 °C per hour over the
last three hours, rewarming is successful; continue measuring the
baby’s temperature every two hours;
13. Conti….
• If the baby’s temperature does not rise or is rising more slowly than
0.5 °C per hour, look for signs of sepsis (e.g. poor feeding, vomiting,
breathing difficulty)
• Once the baby’s temperature is normal, measure the baby’s
temperature every three hours for 12 hours;
• If the baby’s temperature remains within the normal range, discontinue
measurements.
• If the baby is feeding well and there are no other problems requiring
hospitalization, discharge the baby . Advise the mother how to keep
the baby warm at home.
14. Severe hypothermia
• Warm the baby immediately using a prewarmed radiant warmer. Use
another method of rewarming, if necessary.
• Remove cold or wet clothing, if present. Dress the baby in warm
clothes and a cap, and cover with a warm blanket.
• Treat for sepsis, and keep the tubing of the IV line under the radiant
warmer to warm the fluid.
• Measure blood glucose . If the blood glucose is less than 45 mg/dl,
treat for low blood glucose .
15. Conti….
Assess the baby:
• Look for emergency signs (i.e. respiratory rate less than 20 breaths per
minute, gasping, not breathing, or shock) every hour; - Measure the
baby’s temperature every hour:
• If the baby’s temperature is increasing at least 0.5 °C per hour over the
last three hours, rewarming is successful; continue measuring the
baby’s temperature every two hours;
• If the baby’s temperature does not rise or is rising more slowly than
0.5 °C per hour, ensure that the temperature of the warming device is
set correctly.
16. Conti….
• If the baby’s respiratory rate is more than 60 breaths per minute or the
baby has chest indrawing or grunting on expiration, treat for breathing
difficulty .
• Assess readiness to feed every four hours until the baby’s temperature
is within the normal range.
• If the baby shows signs of readiness to suckle, allow the baby to begin
breastfeeding
• If the baby cannot be breastfed, give expressed breast milk using an
alternative feeding method.