The document discusses hypertension, including its definition, classification, and predisposing factors. It highlights the consequences of uncontrolled high blood pressure, such as heart disease and stroke, and provides preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy weight, increasing physical activity, and dietary changes. The presentation aims to educate the audience on understanding and managing hypertension effectively.

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Hypertension
Dr. Muhammad Imran

2. Learning Outcomes
After attending this presentation audience will be
able to:
• Define Blood pressure, Normal BP and
Hypertension
• Classify Hypertension
• Enlist Predisposing factors of Hypertension
• Describe the consequences of Hypertension
• Explain/plan that how to avoid Hypertension

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Blood Pressure
Blood pressure (BP),
sometimes referred to as
arterial blood pressure, is
the pressure exerted by
circulating blood upon the
walls of blood vessels,
and is one of the principal
vital sign
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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What Is Normal Blood Pressure?
Category
Systolic
(Top Number)
Diastolic
(Bottom Number)
Normal Less than 120 Less than 80
“Normal” blood pressure is when both
numbers are lower than 120/80.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Hypertension
The more blood your heart
pumps and the narrower
your arteries, the higher
your blood pressure will be
and when its value
increases from normal
then it is called
Hypertension
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/basics/definition/con-

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Continue...
When blood pressure stays elevated over a long period of
time it is called high blood pressure or “hypertension”.
http://diseases-explained.com/
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Classification
BP
classification
Systolic BP
(mmHg)
Diastolic BP
(mmHg)
Normal <120 and <80
Prehypertension 120–139 or 80–89
Stage 1
hypertension 140–159 or 90–99
Stage 2
hypertension ≥160 or ≥100
Classification that is suggested by the
EMRO for adult aged > 18 years

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Types
Essential hypertension
is the form of
hypertension that by
definition, has no
identifiable cause. It is
the most common type
of hypertension,
affecting 95% of
hypertensive patients
Secondary hypertension
is a type of hypertension
which is caused by an
identifiable underlying
secondary cause. It is
much less affecting only
5% of hypertensive
patients
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_hypertensio

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Predisposing Factors for HTN
Hereditary (Family History)
Sodium intake
Weight
Diabetes Mellitus
Alcohol Consumption
Smoking
Serum Lipid Levels (Cholesterol and LDL)
Sedentary Lifestyle
Ethnicity
Age
Gender
Socioeconomic Status
Stress http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Increases the risk for Heart diseases and Strokes
If Left uncontrolled blood pressure can also cause:
1. Heart attack
2. Heart Failure
3. Kidney disease
4. Blindness
Why Is High Blood Pressure Important?
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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What can high blood pressure do to your body?
Heart Attack
High blood pressure is a
major risk factor for
heart attack. The
arteries bring oxygen-
carrying blood to the
heart muscle. If the
heart cannot get enough
oxygen, chest pain, can
occur. If the flow of
blood is blocked, a heart
attack results.
Blindness
High blood pressure can
eventually cause blood vessels in
the eye to burst or bleed. Vision
may become blurred or otherwise
impaired and can result in
blindness
Kidney disease
Kidneys act as filters to rid the body
of waste. High blood pressure can
narrow and thicken the blood
vessels of the kidneys. The kidneys
filter less fluid and waste builds up
in the blood. The kidneys may fail
altogether.
High blood pressure is the most
important risk factor for stroke. Very
high pressure can cause a break in a
weakened blood vessel, which then
bleeds in the brain. This can cause a
stroke. If a blood clot blocks one of
the narrowed arteries, it can also
cause a stroke
Stroke
As people get older,
arteries throughout the
body "harden,"
especially those in the
heart, brain, and
kidneys. High blood
pressure is associated
with these "stiffer"
arteries. This, in turn,
causes the heart and
kidneys to work harder.
Arteries
Heart failure
The heart is unable to
pump enough blood
to supply the body's
needs.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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You can take action to
prevent getting high
blood pressure or take
steps to control it!
The Good News is…
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Maintain Nearly Normal BP
Make sure your blood pressure is
under 140/90 mm Hg
If your systolic pressure (the top
number) is over 140, ask your
doctor what you can do to lower it
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Aim for a healthy weight
If you are overweight or
obese, carrying this extra
weight increases your risk of
high blood pressure
 Your BMI is above the
healthy range (i.e., 25 or
greater), or if your waist
measurement is greater than
35 inches (women) or 40
inches (men) then you have
to reduce your weight
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Increase your physical activity
Do at least 30 minutes
of moderate activity,
such as walking, most
days of the week
You can do 30
minutes in three 10-
minute segments
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Choose foods low in salt and
sodium
Choose foods low in
salt and sodium
Use less than 6 gram of
sodium chloride daily
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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Use of Vegetables and Fruits
Eat more fruits,
vegetables, grains, and
low-fat dairy foods
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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No or Less use of Alcohol
If you consume
alcohol at all,
consume
moderate
amounts
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

19. 19
Quit Smoking
Stop smoking
cigarette, cigars
or shisha
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

20. 20
Be Happy
Be happy and avoid
tensions
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=16109

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