This document summarizes the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on dental implants. It begins by defining dental implants and coatings. HA is described as a naturally occurring mineral found in bone, making it biocompatible. HA coatings on implants are applied using plasma spraying and provide advantages like faster bone formation. While HA coatings improve bone bonding, issues like coating delamination can occur. Studies found high success rates of 76-95% for HA-coated implants, though some saw bone loss. Overall, HA coatings help integration but manufacturing standards need improvement to reduce variability.

1. BY
PUSHPENDU SARKAR
UNDER GUAIDANCE OF
DR. SANJAY PRASAD
ASSC. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS AND CROWN
AND BRIDGE
NORTH BENGAL DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL
HYDROXYAPATITE AND THEIR USE AS
COATING MATERIAL IN DENTAL
IMPLANTS:-A REVIEW

2.  What is DENTAL IMPLANT ?
 What is COATING IN DENTAL IMPLANT ?
 What is HYDROXYAPATITE MATERIALS ?
 What are the advantages and disadvantages to use
Hydroxyapatite materials in dental implant ?
INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS DENTAL
IMPLANT ?

4.  A dental implant (also known as an
endosseous implant or fixture) is a
surgical component that interfaces
with the bone of the jaw or skull to
support a dental prosthesis such as a
crown, bridge, denture, facial
prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic
anchor
WHAT IS DENTAL IMPLANT ?

5. A coating is a covering that is
applied to the surface of an
object, usually referred to as
the substrate. And the
materials which is used in
coating are called coating
material.
WHAT IS COATING MATERIALS ?

6.  HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 STRUCTURE OF HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTAL
 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYDROXYAPATITE
 COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL AND
STOICHOMETRIC HYDROXYAPATITE
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROXYAPATITE MATERIAL
 HYDROXYAPATITE COATING METHODOLOGY
 ADVANTAGES OF HYDROXYAPATITE COATING
 DISADVANTAGES OF HYDROXYAPATITE COATING
 CLINICAL SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATING
HYDROXYAPATITE

7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

8. STRUCTURE OF HYDROXYAPATITE

9.  Apatite serve as a host for many foreign ions , thus
a large number of other minerals can be expected.
 Hydroxyapatite , fluroapatite , chloroapatite
conform to their empirical formula
Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl).
 Fluorine , chlorine ,hydroxyl group can be mutually
substituted.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYDROXYAPATITE MATERIALS

10. CONSTITUENT STOICHIOMETRIC HA*
(w/t%)
Ca 39.90
P 18.50
OH 3.38
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF
HYDROXY APATITE MATERIAL

11. COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN TOOTH ENAMEL
AND STOICHOMETRIC HYDROXYAPATITE
CONSTITUENT HUMAN TOOTH
ENAMEL(w/t%)
Ca 36.40
P 17.80
OH -----
CO2 2.05
H2O <4.00
ORGANIC 0.39
MOLAR RATIO
Ca/P 1.58
CONSTITUENT STOICHIOMETRIC
HA(w/t%)
Ca 39.90
P 18.50
OH 3.38
CO2 ----
H2O ----
ORGANIC ----
MOLAR RATIO
Ca/P 1.67

12.  The hydroxyapatite is known to be very brittle ,like most
ceramics.
 The color of apatite depends on the type of apatite,but is
usually green,gray,red,brown,blue,violet or colorless.
 The mineral may be transparent or opaque.
 Most apatite is fluorescent in UV RAY.
 Compressive strength is dependent on density and porosity.
 HA is reported to be similar that of the human tooth enamel.
 Degrades in pH 2.0 solution.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
HYDROXYAPATITE MATERIALS

13.  The Hydroxyapatite is coated by PLASMA SPRAYING PROCESS.
 PLASMA SPRAYING PROCESS
 1.The gas stream (90%ARGON,10%HYDROGEN) carry the
hydroxyapatite powder.
 2.The gas stream passes through an electrical plasma produced
by a low voltage, high current electrical discharge.
 3.Then the semi molten hydroxyapatite powder are sprayed onto
to the titanium substrate.
 4.Where they solidify.
HYDROXYAPATITE COATING
METHODOLOGY

14. HYDROXYAPATITE COATING
METHODOLOGY

15. HYDROXYAPATITE COATED IMPLANT

16.  Hydroxyapatite coating by plasma spraying process in
significantly low cost.
 Hydroxyapatite coatings are considered biocompatible
because this compound found naturally in bone.
 Dissolution of this coatingb in human body may have
significant advantages. It has been reported that isolated
human bone cell are able to ingest synthetic Cap granules.
 With plasma sprayed fluroapatite bone apposition has also
been reported.
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATING

17.  Hydroxyapatite coating to be biocompatible with reports of
early skeletal attachment.
 Histological studies of bone adaptation of Hydroxyapatite
coated cylindrical implants in animal jaw bones indicate a faster
rate of bone formation and maturation at 1 and 4 m0nths.
 Hydroxyapatite coated cylindrical implants in dogs after
different healing periods direct bone contact is observed.
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATING

19. As suggested by various investigators and accepted by the
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PRIODONTOLOGY**
A successful implant is------
1.Clinically immobile.
2.Absence of symptoms such as pain , infection , neuropathy ,
parethesia , violation of mandibular canal during restorative
function.
**Schnitman,P.A. and Shulman,L.B.,Recommendations of the
consensus development conference on dentaalimplants.
CLINICAL SUCCESS OF
HYDROXYAPATITE COATED IMPLANT

20.  A 6-month to 5-year survival rate of97%was reported
for3093 hydroxyapatite coated cylinder implants from
integral.
 Based on the accepted criteria above a modified
success rate for these implants would range from 76.0
to 95.3%.
 **Saadoun,A.P. and LeGall, M.L.,Clinical results and
guidelines on Steri-Oss endosseous implants
SUCCESS RATES OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATED IMPLANTS

21. CASE OF SUCCESSFUL HYDROXYAPATITE
COATED IMPLANTS

22.  Among the reported 3093 hydroxyapatite coated
implants---
 1. 596 implants were reported to have 1 to 3 mm bone
loss.
 2. 49 implants were reported to have 3 to 5 mm bone
loss.
 **Saadoun,A.P. and LeGall, M.L.,Clinical results and
guidelines on Steri-Oss endosseous implants
FAILURE CASE OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATED IMPLANTS

23. FAILURE CASE OF HYDROXYAPATITE
COATED IMPLANTS

24.  Proper standardize methods to characterize the
properties of ha coating and standard manufacturing
guidelines must be established.
 The use of well characterized ha implants in cell culture ,
animal, and clinical studies should be well documented.
 In addition when making comparisons between ha
coating produced by different vendors and using
different coating process, controlled studies are needed
to reduce controvercials and confounding results.
CONCLUSION

25. THANK YOU…….