Hydraulic turbines
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Hydraulic turbines require a minimum head of water to operate and have several advantages including simple construction, easy controllability, and efficiency. They are classified based on the action of water on moving blades, direction of water flow, position of the shaft, head of water, speed, and specific speed. Impulse turbines have wheel passages not completely filled with water and water acts on buckets at atmospheric pressure, while reaction turbines have fully filled water passages and water acts under greater than atmospheric pressure all around the wheel periphery.
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Hydraulic turbines
contains pelton turbine , kaplan turbine , and francis turbine with their working. contains GIF and videos of working
HYDRAULIC TURBINES
The document discusses different types of turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from water into mechanical energy. It describes various ways turbines can be classified, including by the type of energy at the inlet, direction of water flow through the runner, head level at the inlet, and specific speed. Key turbine types discussed include Pelton, Francis, propeller, and Kaplan turbines. The Pelton turbine uses impulse and is suitable for high head applications. The Francis turbine uses inward radial flow and is used for medium head. The Kaplan turbine has adjustable vanes and is used for low head applications.
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Hydraulic Turbine & its Types
This document discusses different types of hydraulic turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into electrical energy. It describes the main components and operating principles of Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. Pelton turbines use jet impacts to rotate an impulse wheel, while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines where water pressure decreases as it flows through the runner blades. Francis turbines use mixed radial-axial flow and are widely used over a range of heads. Kaplan turbines have propeller-like adjustable blades for axial flow and are best for low heads with large flows. Draft tubes and governing systems are also discussed.
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6. kaplan turbine
The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
- Kaplan turbines have a runner with adjustable blades that can be governed to maintain optimal efficiency over a wide range of loads.
- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
- The runner has 3 to 8 blades maximum, fewer than the 16-24 blades of a Francis turbine, reducing frictional resistance.
- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Pelton turbine
This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. It also briefly discusses the specific speed of turbines and notes that China produces the most hydroelectric power worldwide.
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The document discusses Kaplan turbines, which are axial flow reaction turbines that operate under low head and high discharge conditions. Some key points:
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- Water enters the runner axially and is given a whirl component by guide vanes before the runner blades remove the whirl, resulting in purely axial discharge.
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- Kaplan turbines can withstand higher runaway speeds than Francis turbines, up to 2.5-3.5 times the normal
Pelton turbine
This document provides an overview of the Pelton turbine. It describes the Pelton turbine as an impulse type water turbine invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The key parts of a Pelton turbine discussed include the penstock, runner, casing, spear rod, deflector, nozzle, and brake nozzle. It also briefly discusses the specific speed of turbines and notes that China produces the most hydroelectric power worldwide.
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Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) involves using computer systems to assist throughout the entire product design and manufacturing process. This includes Computer Aided Design (CAD) to create and modify designs, Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) to plan the manufacturing process, and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) to control machine tools. CAPP systems help generate optimal manufacturing processes and sequences based on a design's characteristics, available machines and tools, and other factors. Variant CAPP uses existing process plans for similar parts, while generative CAPP can create new plans from scratch without human input.
Total quality management vs quality circles, tools
This document provides information on Total Quality Management (TQM) and Quality Circles. It defines TQM as a process focused on customer expectations, preventing problems, building workforce commitment to quality, and promoting open decision making. Quality Circles are defined as small groups of employees who meet regularly to identify and solve work-related problems. The document outlines the differences between TQM and Quality Circles, objectives of Quality Circles, tools and processes used in each approach, and advantages of implementing TQM.
Two persons zero sum game
The document discusses different classifications and concepts related to game theory, including:
1) Games can be zero-sum, where one player's gains equal another's losses, or non-zero-sum. They can involve 2 players or more.
2) Strategies can be pure, where players always choose the same action, or mixed, where players vary their actions randomly.
3) A payoff matrix outlines the potential payoffs for each combination of strategies between players in a 2-person, zero-sum game. The value of the game is when the maximin and minimax values are equal.
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This document defines key terminology used in gear calculations, including:
- Pitch circle - An imaginary circle used to define gear size and motion.
- Pitch diameter - The diameter of the pitch circle.
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wind turbines
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. The amount of energy captured depends on factors like air density, rotor area, and wind speed. Modern wind turbines are typically three-bladed with rotor diameters of 43-44 meters. Larger turbines are more efficient but require stronger winds to operate, while smaller turbines are suitable for areas with lower electrical demand or wind speeds. Proper turbine design is important to maximize energy extraction without severely disrupting airflow. Wind power has advantages of being renewable and generating no pollution.
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The document describes the main parts of an engine, including the piston, piston cylinder, inlet and outlet valves, water pump, oil pump, oil chamber, clutch plate, crank shaft, cam shaft, and gears. It explains that the piston transfers force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crank shaft via the connecting rod. The crank shaft converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotation. The cam shaft operates the valves according to the timing of combustion. Various gears including spur gears, helical gears, and bevel gears are used within the engine.
Atmospheric stability
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Hydraulic turbines
- 1. 09ME93 Yasir Hashmi QUEST Nawabshah
- 2. HYDRAULIC TURBINES : • Designed to work under a condition that head of water should be above a certain minimum level. • Without a certain minimum level of water in the dam a turbine cannot be run.
- 3. ADVANTAGES : • Simple construction • Easily controllable • Efficient • Ability to work at peak load or stand by plant
- 4. CLASSIFICATION : a. Based on action of water on moving blades: 1. Impulse turbines 2. Reaction turbines b. Direction of flow of water: 1. Tangential flow turbine 2. Radial flow turbine 3. Axial flow turbine 4. Mixed flow turbine
- 5. c. Position of shaft: 1. Vertical shaft turbines 2. Horizontal shaft turbines d. Head of water: 1. High head turbines 2. Medium head turbines 3. Low head turbines e. Based on speed: f. Based on specific speed:
- 6. IMPULSE TURBINES: • Wheel passages are not completely filled with water. • Water acts on buckets at atmospheric pressure. • Water is supplied on few points at the periphery of wheel. • How does it works?
- 7. REACTION TURBINES: • Water passages are completely filled with water. • Water acting on vanes is under pressure greater than atmospheric. • Water enters all round the periphery of wheel. • How does it works?
- 8. THANKS