This document provides guidance on designing a hydraulic ram pump, including key factors to consider, components of the system, and examples of sizing a ram pump for a given situation. Hydraulic ram pumps use the energy of falling water to lift a portion of the water to a higher elevation, requiring only a gravity-fed water source and differences in elevation. The document explains how to calculate the expected output of a ram pump based on the water supply, elevation changes, and other specifications. It also provides tables to help select appropriate pipe sizes and determine ram pump sizing. An example design problem at the end demonstrates how to apply the guidance to size a ram pump system for a small community.
Ram Pump: Design, Sizing, Construction and Maintenance of Gravity-Fed System ...Fifi62z
The document provides information about hydraulic ram pump systems including:
1) The components of a hydraulic ram pump system include a header tank, drive pipe, pump basement, delivery pipe, and storage tank. Water is lifted from a source to the header tank and then to the storage tank.
2) Hydraulic ram pumps use the water hammer effect to lift a small amount of water to a greater height using the energy from a large amount of water falling from a small height. Water flow is suddenly stopped, increasing pressure and allowing a portion of the water to enter the delivery pipe.
3) The document discusses the principles behind hydraulic ram pumps, including how kinetic energy is converted to pressure through the water hammer effect
This document discusses the design and testing of an efficient, locally made hydraulic ram pump (hydram) in Sameerwadi, Karnataka, India. The project aims to provide adequate domestic water supply to rural populations using renewable energy. It is sponsored by Godavari Sugar Mills Ltd. The objectives are to identify hydram potential in the area, survey existing installations, develop an optimized computer model, construct a testing facility, manufacture and test a selected design. The document covers hydram components and working principle, site surveying considerations like water flow and drive/delivery heads, and allowing for flooding risks in the design.
Design and Construction of a Hydraulic Ram Pump; by Shuaibu Ndache MOHAMMEDFatin62c
This document discusses the design and construction of a hydraulic ram pump. It begins with an introduction to hydraulic ram pumps and their history. It then describes the design process, providing equations to calculate key parameters like pipe diameter, flow rate, head losses, and efficiency. The results of running these calculations for a sample pump are presented. Finally, the document explains the pump's operating cycle and installation process, and includes diagrams of the fabricated pump system.
This spreadsheet is a tool to help the drainage engineer designs a storm sewer pump station by performing a level pool analysis of the pumping system, and storage areas. The settings of the pumps “on” and “off” points, flows, system storage, the storm hydrograph, rainfall depth, and duration, are parameters that could be adjusted to optimize the size of a pump station.
Pumps and pumping plants for irrigation systemMoudud Hasan
The document discusses various traditional methods for lifting water in Bangladesh and India, including:
1) Swing baskets, dons, water wheels, and Archimedean screws which are powered by animals or manual labor and can lift water up to 10 meters.
2) Rope and bucket lifts, Persian wheels, chain pumps, and counterpoise bucket lifts which are also powered by animals and can lift up to 10 meters.
3) Reciprocating pumps which use atmospheric pressure or animal power to displace water through pistons in cylinders, lifting up to 7 meters.
Simulation of water distribution networks the use of epanetRiki Rahmadhan KS
The document discusses simulation of water distribution networks using EPANET software. It describes the key components of water networks like nodes, links, pipes and how EPANET can be used to analyze hydraulic and water quality behaviors by computing flow, pressure, and chlorine concentration throughout the network. The presentation provides an overview of the different elements that can be modeled in EPANET including reservoirs, tanks, pumps, valves and pipes as well as the inputs and outputs for each.
Tom describes his hydraulic ram pump water system which pumps water from a creek to a tank over 100 feet higher in elevation without electricity. Key elements include an intake in a steep creek, a tall standpipe, a 1.25 inch steel drive pipe, and a 100 foot suspension of the water line across a river. The ram pump requires a high back pressure of around 50 psi to operate efficiently. It pumps over 1800 gallons of water per day to the elevated tank from an intake only 25 feet lower in elevation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the hydraulic ram pump design.
This document discusses irrigation water management and drainage systems. It covers the causes of waterlogging including over-irrigation, inadequate drainage, and obstruction of natural drainage. The effects of waterlogging like reduced plant growth and increased soil salinity are also outlined. Various measures to prevent waterlogging are then described such as controlling irrigation intensity, providing drainage systems, lining canals, and adopting better irrigation practices. Finally, the importance of properly-designed drainage systems to prevent and remedy waterlogging is highlighted.
Ram Pump: Design, Sizing, Construction and Maintenance of Gravity-Fed System ...Fifi62z
The document provides information about hydraulic ram pump systems including:
1) The components of a hydraulic ram pump system include a header tank, drive pipe, pump basement, delivery pipe, and storage tank. Water is lifted from a source to the header tank and then to the storage tank.
2) Hydraulic ram pumps use the water hammer effect to lift a small amount of water to a greater height using the energy from a large amount of water falling from a small height. Water flow is suddenly stopped, increasing pressure and allowing a portion of the water to enter the delivery pipe.
3) The document discusses the principles behind hydraulic ram pumps, including how kinetic energy is converted to pressure through the water hammer effect
This document discusses the design and testing of an efficient, locally made hydraulic ram pump (hydram) in Sameerwadi, Karnataka, India. The project aims to provide adequate domestic water supply to rural populations using renewable energy. It is sponsored by Godavari Sugar Mills Ltd. The objectives are to identify hydram potential in the area, survey existing installations, develop an optimized computer model, construct a testing facility, manufacture and test a selected design. The document covers hydram components and working principle, site surveying considerations like water flow and drive/delivery heads, and allowing for flooding risks in the design.
Design and Construction of a Hydraulic Ram Pump; by Shuaibu Ndache MOHAMMEDFatin62c
This document discusses the design and construction of a hydraulic ram pump. It begins with an introduction to hydraulic ram pumps and their history. It then describes the design process, providing equations to calculate key parameters like pipe diameter, flow rate, head losses, and efficiency. The results of running these calculations for a sample pump are presented. Finally, the document explains the pump's operating cycle and installation process, and includes diagrams of the fabricated pump system.
This spreadsheet is a tool to help the drainage engineer designs a storm sewer pump station by performing a level pool analysis of the pumping system, and storage areas. The settings of the pumps “on” and “off” points, flows, system storage, the storm hydrograph, rainfall depth, and duration, are parameters that could be adjusted to optimize the size of a pump station.
Pumps and pumping plants for irrigation systemMoudud Hasan
The document discusses various traditional methods for lifting water in Bangladesh and India, including:
1) Swing baskets, dons, water wheels, and Archimedean screws which are powered by animals or manual labor and can lift water up to 10 meters.
2) Rope and bucket lifts, Persian wheels, chain pumps, and counterpoise bucket lifts which are also powered by animals and can lift up to 10 meters.
3) Reciprocating pumps which use atmospheric pressure or animal power to displace water through pistons in cylinders, lifting up to 7 meters.
Simulation of water distribution networks the use of epanetRiki Rahmadhan KS
The document discusses simulation of water distribution networks using EPANET software. It describes the key components of water networks like nodes, links, pipes and how EPANET can be used to analyze hydraulic and water quality behaviors by computing flow, pressure, and chlorine concentration throughout the network. The presentation provides an overview of the different elements that can be modeled in EPANET including reservoirs, tanks, pumps, valves and pipes as well as the inputs and outputs for each.
Tom describes his hydraulic ram pump water system which pumps water from a creek to a tank over 100 feet higher in elevation without electricity. Key elements include an intake in a steep creek, a tall standpipe, a 1.25 inch steel drive pipe, and a 100 foot suspension of the water line across a river. The ram pump requires a high back pressure of around 50 psi to operate efficiently. It pumps over 1800 gallons of water per day to the elevated tank from an intake only 25 feet lower in elevation, demonstrating the effectiveness of the hydraulic ram pump design.
This document discusses irrigation water management and drainage systems. It covers the causes of waterlogging including over-irrigation, inadequate drainage, and obstruction of natural drainage. The effects of waterlogging like reduced plant growth and increased soil salinity are also outlined. Various measures to prevent waterlogging are then described such as controlling irrigation intensity, providing drainage systems, lining canals, and adopting better irrigation practices. Finally, the importance of properly-designed drainage systems to prevent and remedy waterlogging is highlighted.
The document summarizes sprinkler irrigation systems. Key points include:
Sprinkler systems distribute water through pipes and spray nozzles, mimicking rain, and allow for more efficient water usage than surface irrigation. They are well-suited for sloping land, sandy soils, and where water tables are high. Permanent systems have buried pipes while portable systems are movable. Advantages include water control, yield increases, and less labor needed. Components include a water source, pump, pipes, risers, nozzles, and filters. Implementation costs are higher than gravity systems however.
Drip irrigation is a system that delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It uses less water than other methods by applying water slowly and precisely at the root zone to prevent evaporation and runoff. The main components are a water source, pumping system, distribution pipes, drip tape with emitters, filters, and injectors. Drip irrigation provides maximum crop yields with minimum water use and labor through localized application directly to soil.
Home Made Hydraulic Ram Pump - Part 1
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document discusses pump sizing when a minimum flow bypass line is used for centrifugal pump protection. It explains that pumps must be sized based on the rated flow plus minimum continuous flow, not just rated flow alone. If sized only on rated flow, the bypass line would cause flow and head loss to the main process. The document provides an example of sizing cold condensate pumps and illustrates how selecting a pump based on rated flow plus minimum flow avoids this issue. It stresses the importance of indicating this sizing method on process data sheets and P&IDs to ensure proper pump selection.
Rainwater harvesting provides several key advantages. It is a sustainable solution that can be implemented on various scales, from simple rain barrels to more complex systems. Harvested rainwater is suitable for irrigation and can reduce dependence on treated municipal water. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems can help conserve water resources and reduce stormwater runoff and pollution while lowering costs for utilities and consumers. Case studies in India demonstrate how rainwater harvesting increased local groundwater levels and quality in areas like Tamil Nadu and supported communities' water needs as seen in Haryana.
Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design Manual ~ Peace Corps
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
ASFPM 2016: Applications of 2D Surface flow Modeling in the New HEC-RAS Versi...CDM Smith
Derek Etkin presented "Applications of 2D Surface flow Modeling in the New HEC-RAS Version 5.0" at the 2016 Association of State Floodplain Managers conference.
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the definition and necessity of irrigation due to insufficient rainfall. The benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields and economic development, while ill effects can include rising water tables and loss of land. It then covers the history and development of irrigation in India, including the construction of canals and reservoirs. It also classifies irrigation projects and systems, such as major, medium and minor projects, as well as lift and flow irrigation systems. The document concludes by explaining soil water relationships, including water holding capacities, moisture content, and soil water constants like field capacity and wilting point.
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Plans, Assembly and Notes - Clemson UniversityFatin62c
This document provides instructions for building a home-made hydraulic ram pump. It includes a list of required parts and fittings, assembly notes, operational details, and performance estimates. The typical cost for fittings is $120 and pumps can deliver around 1/8 of the input water flow, varying based on installation specifics like fall height and lift elevation. Tables provide suggested minimum pressure chamber sizes and typical ram pump specifications.
The document describes a major project submitted by six students to their lecturer on a pedal powered water pump. It includes a title page, declarations by the students and lecturer, acknowledgements, and a table of contents outlining what will be covered in the project report. Some of the key components to be discussed include the hand pump, pedal arrangement, rod, ball valve, pipe fittings and pressure gauges. The overall aim of the project is to design and build a water pump that can be operated by pedal power.
Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design Manual - US Peace Corps, PhilippinesFatin62c
This document provides a cover page and description for a manual on designing hydraulic ram pump systems for water supply. The manual was authored by Peace Corps Volunteer Page Weil and provides comprehensive guidance for selecting sites, surveying needs, and designing ram pump installations. It includes an introduction, sections on site selection, system design, pump installation, operation and maintenance, examples, and fabrication instructions. The goal is to assist engineers in identifying and constructing ram pump systems for potable water or irrigation in rural areas without electricity.
The document provides information about drip irrigation, including:
- Drip irrigation involves delivering water slowly to plant roots through a network of pipes, tubing, and emitters to save water and fertilizer.
- It was developed in Israel in the 1950s and uses various components like water sources, pumps, filters, tubing, and emitters to deliver water directly to plant roots.
- The advantages include water and fertilizer savings, while the disadvantages include higher initial costs and need for proper maintenance to prevent clogging.
Water control structures can be either temporary or permanent. Temporary structures are only recommended where inexpensive labor and materials are available, as mechanization has reduced their practicality. Permanent structures use hard materials to dissipate water energy and are required where high velocities must be controlled. Common permanent structure types include drop spillways, chutes, pipe spillways, and culverts. The design of permanent structures must ensure adequate capacity to pass design flows and dissipate water energy without erosion.
Drainage is important for road design and construction to protect structural integrity. Surface and subsurface drainage removes water to prevent damage. Poor drainage compromises roads and safety due to hydroplaning. Drainage systems use ditches, pipes, culverts and curbs to convey water safely. Subsurface tile drains below the root zone regulate water flow and intercept water movement. They improve soil conditions and control groundwater. Mole ploughs are used to install tile drains without disturbing plants.
This document provides guidelines for designing irrigation channels, including:
1. Typical canal cross-sections, side slopes, berms, freeboard, banks, and other design elements are described.
2. Methods for calculating balancing depth to minimize earthworks and borrow pits are outlined.
3. The design procedure is demonstrated through an example that involves plotting longitudinal sections, calculating discharges and losses, and using Garret's diagram to determine channel dimensions.
The document provides an overview of different types of micro irrigation systems and their benefits over traditional irrigation methods. It discusses various irrigation techniques such as surface irrigation methods like flood, furrow and basin irrigation, and pressurized methods like sprinkler and drip irrigation. It explains the key factors to consider when selecting an irrigation method, and highlights the advantages of micro irrigation systems such as efficient water use, higher crop yields, and reduced insect and disease problems.
The document discusses various methods of artificial groundwater recharging including (1) spreading method, (2) injection well method, and (3) river bank filtration method. It also covers subsurface drainage system layouts such as natural system, grid iron system, herringbone system, and double main system. Measures to prevent waterlogging like drainage systems, reducing irrigation intensity, and introducing crop rotation are also summarized.
The document discusses rainwater harvesting as a solution to Bangladesh's water crisis. It provides background on the global and local water crises driven by population growth, urbanization, and other factors. For Bangladesh specifically, groundwater sources are becoming contaminated with arsenic. The document then presents a sample design for a rainwater harvesting system for a residential building in Dhaka. It details the key components, catchment area, storage calculations, costs, and potential water savings. In summary, the document proposes rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to Dhaka's water supply challenges and presents an example system design for residential use.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by K. Ganesh to partially fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses drip irrigation, including an introduction to irrigation methods, the need for drip irrigation, components and workings of a drip irrigation system, design and layout considerations, system controls, system maintenance, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. The report contains detailed sections on the water source, pumping system, distribution system, drip tape, injectors, filtration system, pressure regulators, and other elements involved in drip irrigation systems.
This document discusses best management practices for subsurface drainage on cropland. It begins by outlining conditions that require subsurface drainage, such as uneven soil moisture, inadequate natural drainage for certain crops, soils with high water tables, and barriers that limit water flow. Diagnosing drainage issues accurately is the first step in planning a drainage system. The document will then guide the reader through the entire process from system design to installation, maintenance, and emerging technologies. The overall goals are to manage crop inputs and contaminants, remove excess water while conserving it, manage wet areas, and protect adjacent wetlands.
Hydraulic Ram Pumps and Sling Pumps
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Using a Hydraulic Ram to Pump Livestock Water - British Columbia
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
The document summarizes sprinkler irrigation systems. Key points include:
Sprinkler systems distribute water through pipes and spray nozzles, mimicking rain, and allow for more efficient water usage than surface irrigation. They are well-suited for sloping land, sandy soils, and where water tables are high. Permanent systems have buried pipes while portable systems are movable. Advantages include water control, yield increases, and less labor needed. Components include a water source, pump, pipes, risers, nozzles, and filters. Implementation costs are higher than gravity systems however.
Drip irrigation is a system that delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It uses less water than other methods by applying water slowly and precisely at the root zone to prevent evaporation and runoff. The main components are a water source, pumping system, distribution pipes, drip tape with emitters, filters, and injectors. Drip irrigation provides maximum crop yields with minimum water use and labor through localized application directly to soil.
Home Made Hydraulic Ram Pump - Part 1
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document discusses pump sizing when a minimum flow bypass line is used for centrifugal pump protection. It explains that pumps must be sized based on the rated flow plus minimum continuous flow, not just rated flow alone. If sized only on rated flow, the bypass line would cause flow and head loss to the main process. The document provides an example of sizing cold condensate pumps and illustrates how selecting a pump based on rated flow plus minimum flow avoids this issue. It stresses the importance of indicating this sizing method on process data sheets and P&IDs to ensure proper pump selection.
Rainwater harvesting provides several key advantages. It is a sustainable solution that can be implemented on various scales, from simple rain barrels to more complex systems. Harvested rainwater is suitable for irrigation and can reduce dependence on treated municipal water. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems can help conserve water resources and reduce stormwater runoff and pollution while lowering costs for utilities and consumers. Case studies in India demonstrate how rainwater harvesting increased local groundwater levels and quality in areas like Tamil Nadu and supported communities' water needs as seen in Haryana.
Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design Manual ~ Peace Corps
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
ASFPM 2016: Applications of 2D Surface flow Modeling in the New HEC-RAS Versi...CDM Smith
Derek Etkin presented "Applications of 2D Surface flow Modeling in the New HEC-RAS Version 5.0" at the 2016 Association of State Floodplain Managers conference.
This document provides an overview of irrigation engineering. It discusses the definition and necessity of irrigation due to insufficient rainfall. The benefits of irrigation include increased crop yields and economic development, while ill effects can include rising water tables and loss of land. It then covers the history and development of irrigation in India, including the construction of canals and reservoirs. It also classifies irrigation projects and systems, such as major, medium and minor projects, as well as lift and flow irrigation systems. The document concludes by explaining soil water relationships, including water holding capacities, moisture content, and soil water constants like field capacity and wilting point.
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Plans, Assembly and Notes - Clemson UniversityFatin62c
This document provides instructions for building a home-made hydraulic ram pump. It includes a list of required parts and fittings, assembly notes, operational details, and performance estimates. The typical cost for fittings is $120 and pumps can deliver around 1/8 of the input water flow, varying based on installation specifics like fall height and lift elevation. Tables provide suggested minimum pressure chamber sizes and typical ram pump specifications.
The document describes a major project submitted by six students to their lecturer on a pedal powered water pump. It includes a title page, declarations by the students and lecturer, acknowledgements, and a table of contents outlining what will be covered in the project report. Some of the key components to be discussed include the hand pump, pedal arrangement, rod, ball valve, pipe fittings and pressure gauges. The overall aim of the project is to design and build a water pump that can be operated by pedal power.
Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design Manual - US Peace Corps, PhilippinesFatin62c
This document provides a cover page and description for a manual on designing hydraulic ram pump systems for water supply. The manual was authored by Peace Corps Volunteer Page Weil and provides comprehensive guidance for selecting sites, surveying needs, and designing ram pump installations. It includes an introduction, sections on site selection, system design, pump installation, operation and maintenance, examples, and fabrication instructions. The goal is to assist engineers in identifying and constructing ram pump systems for potable water or irrigation in rural areas without electricity.
The document provides information about drip irrigation, including:
- Drip irrigation involves delivering water slowly to plant roots through a network of pipes, tubing, and emitters to save water and fertilizer.
- It was developed in Israel in the 1950s and uses various components like water sources, pumps, filters, tubing, and emitters to deliver water directly to plant roots.
- The advantages include water and fertilizer savings, while the disadvantages include higher initial costs and need for proper maintenance to prevent clogging.
Water control structures can be either temporary or permanent. Temporary structures are only recommended where inexpensive labor and materials are available, as mechanization has reduced their practicality. Permanent structures use hard materials to dissipate water energy and are required where high velocities must be controlled. Common permanent structure types include drop spillways, chutes, pipe spillways, and culverts. The design of permanent structures must ensure adequate capacity to pass design flows and dissipate water energy without erosion.
Drainage is important for road design and construction to protect structural integrity. Surface and subsurface drainage removes water to prevent damage. Poor drainage compromises roads and safety due to hydroplaning. Drainage systems use ditches, pipes, culverts and curbs to convey water safely. Subsurface tile drains below the root zone regulate water flow and intercept water movement. They improve soil conditions and control groundwater. Mole ploughs are used to install tile drains without disturbing plants.
This document provides guidelines for designing irrigation channels, including:
1. Typical canal cross-sections, side slopes, berms, freeboard, banks, and other design elements are described.
2. Methods for calculating balancing depth to minimize earthworks and borrow pits are outlined.
3. The design procedure is demonstrated through an example that involves plotting longitudinal sections, calculating discharges and losses, and using Garret's diagram to determine channel dimensions.
The document provides an overview of different types of micro irrigation systems and their benefits over traditional irrigation methods. It discusses various irrigation techniques such as surface irrigation methods like flood, furrow and basin irrigation, and pressurized methods like sprinkler and drip irrigation. It explains the key factors to consider when selecting an irrigation method, and highlights the advantages of micro irrigation systems such as efficient water use, higher crop yields, and reduced insect and disease problems.
The document discusses various methods of artificial groundwater recharging including (1) spreading method, (2) injection well method, and (3) river bank filtration method. It also covers subsurface drainage system layouts such as natural system, grid iron system, herringbone system, and double main system. Measures to prevent waterlogging like drainage systems, reducing irrigation intensity, and introducing crop rotation are also summarized.
The document discusses rainwater harvesting as a solution to Bangladesh's water crisis. It provides background on the global and local water crises driven by population growth, urbanization, and other factors. For Bangladesh specifically, groundwater sources are becoming contaminated with arsenic. The document then presents a sample design for a rainwater harvesting system for a residential building in Dhaka. It details the key components, catchment area, storage calculations, costs, and potential water savings. In summary, the document proposes rainwater harvesting as a sustainable solution to Dhaka's water supply challenges and presents an example system design for residential use.
This document is a technical seminar report submitted by K. Ganesh to partially fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses drip irrigation, including an introduction to irrigation methods, the need for drip irrigation, components and workings of a drip irrigation system, design and layout considerations, system controls, system maintenance, advantages and disadvantages, applications, and conclusions. The report contains detailed sections on the water source, pumping system, distribution system, drip tape, injectors, filtration system, pressure regulators, and other elements involved in drip irrigation systems.
This document discusses best management practices for subsurface drainage on cropland. It begins by outlining conditions that require subsurface drainage, such as uneven soil moisture, inadequate natural drainage for certain crops, soils with high water tables, and barriers that limit water flow. Diagnosing drainage issues accurately is the first step in planning a drainage system. The document will then guide the reader through the entire process from system design to installation, maintenance, and emerging technologies. The overall goals are to manage crop inputs and contaminants, remove excess water while conserving it, manage wet areas, and protect adjacent wetlands.
Hydraulic Ram Pumps and Sling Pumps
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Using a Hydraulic Ram to Pump Livestock Water - British Columbia
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
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Theory and Application of Hydraulic Ram Pumps (Hydrams) - S HazarikaFifi62z
The document discusses hydraulic ram pumps (hydrams), which use the potential energy of falling water to lift a small portion of water to a greater height. Hydrams are simple, reliable, and require minimal maintenance, making them suitable for rural water supply and irrigation where other power sources are not available. The document describes the components and design of hydram systems, including intake, drive pipe, ram, supply line, and storage tank. It provides equations and tables to design hydram systems based on water supply, fall height, lift height, and desired water delivery. The document also discusses applications and limitations of hydrams.
Using A Hydraulic Ram to Pump Livestock WaterFifi62z
This document discusses using a hydraulic ram pump to pump livestock water from a flowing stream to a higher elevation. Hydraulic ram pumps use the energy in a falling column of water to pump water upwards without an external energy source. They work by creating water hammer pressure increases that open and close valves to pump a small amount of water with each cycle. Proper sizing of the ram pump, drive pipe, delivery pipe, fall, and lift are required for efficient operation. Tables provide guidance on estimating pump output and selecting an appropriately sized ram pump based on site characteristics. A surge tank can be used if the natural stream gradient is insufficient to provide the needed drive pipe fall.
Hydromissions Ram Pump Schematic - Hawke's Bay SurvivalFatin62c
This document provides information on designing a hydraulic ram pump system. It discusses the components of a ram pump including the supply, drive pipe, ram, delivery pipe, and storage tank. It also provides tables to help size the system based on factors like the water supply rate, vertical fall, lift height, and water demand. An example is given of sizing a system for a village using these design factors and tables to select an appropriate ram, drive pipe diameter and size, and delivery pipe.
This document summarizes a student project report on a hydraulic ram pump. It includes sections on the acknowledgements, introduction, working principle, applications and limitations, design considerations, and conclusions. The project was guided by lecturers from the mechanical engineering department and aimed to study how hydraulic ram pumps can be used to pump water from streams or springs to higher elevations in a simple and reliable way using renewable energy. The summary highlights the key components and working cycle of ram pumps in lifting a small amount of water a great height using the energy of a larger falling water flow.
Hydraulic Ram Pump: Consumers guide - Delft University of TechnologyFatin62c
This document provides a guide for consumers on hydraulic rams for water supply. It discusses appropriate water supply options and explains that hydraulic rams can provide water supply in areas with sufficient water flow and elevation change. The document describes the components and basic requirements of a hydraulic ram system, including adequate water source flow, supply head, and delivery head. It also covers site selection factors and installation/maintenance considerations. Appendices provide additional details on hydraulic ram operation, testing results, examples, manufacturer addresses.
This document provides an overview of various hydraulic machines, including accumulators, intensifiers, presses, cranes, lifts, rams, couplings, torque converters, air lift pumps, and jet pumps. It describes the basic construction and working principles of each machine. For examples like accumulators, presses, cranes, and lifts, it provides illustrations and explanations of how they work to lift or move heavy loads using fluid power. The document aims to introduce these common hydraulic devices and their functions.
The Basic’s of Hydraulic Ram Pumps - Rain Tree FoundationFifi62z
The document provides information about hydraulic ram pumps, including their history, parts, operation, and site installation considerations. It discusses how Joseph Michel Montgolfier invented the first self-acting ram pump in 1796. Over time, hundreds of ram pump designs were manufactured worldwide. The document outlines the basic parts of a ram pump and how they operate using diagrams. It stresses the importance of properly surveying a site to choose the right ram pump model and configuration based on factors like available water source and needed delivery height.
Hydraulic Rams For Off-Stream Livestock Watering - University of GeorgiaFatin62c
Off-stream watering for livestock has several benefits such as improved water quality, animal health, productivity and pasture utilization. Recent studies show that off-stream watering significantly reduces stream bank erosion and the amount of nutrients, sediment and bacteria entering water sources. Providing easy access to water also helps ensure adequate animal weight gains and opens up more flexible pasture management options. Hydraulic ram pumps are a cost-effective alternative to powering off-stream water systems, using the kinetic energy of falling water to pump small quantities of water. They require a minimum vertical fall of 2 feet and water flow of 1-2 gallons per minute to function properly.
Water-Powered Water Pumping Systems for Livestock WateringFifi62z
This document discusses two types of water-powered water pumping systems: hydraulic rams and sling pumps. Hydraulic rams use the kinetic energy of flowing water and the principle of water hammer to pump water to higher elevations. Sling pumps use the rotational motion of flowing water to turn a helically wound hose that pumps water. Both systems can pump small amounts of water but require continuous water flow and storage for livestock needs. Plans and considerations for constructing and using these systems are provided.
Hydraulic Ram Pump Tipsheet - Center for Alternative TechnologyFatin62c
The hydraulic ram is a simple water pump that uses the power of flowing water to pump a portion of that water to a considerable height above the source. It was invented in the late 1700s and became widely used to provide drinking water to rural homes and farms in the 1800s and 1900s. The ram works through a series of pulses, using increases in water pressure to force water up into a storage chamber around 40-90 times per minute. It can pump water with a head of up to 100 meters using a water fall of just 500mm, and requires little maintenance to operate for over 100 years. It is gaining renewed interest as a low-cost and sustainable water pumping solution.
A module was developed on “Application of Fluid Mechanics in Agriculture” for undergraduate students to get a practical knowledge of Fluid Mechanics. The work was guided by Dr Sachin Mandavgane. The presentation talks about the various aspects of agriculture where fluid mechanics is applicable like types of the pump and the various types of fittings used. It also differentiates between the fluid flow in a pipe with that of an open channel. In the end, it describes the application of fluid mechanics in drip irrigation and with a short numerical which calculates the head loss.
The document discusses the hydraulic ram pump, which uses the energy of flowing water to pump a small amount of water to a higher elevation without external power. It provides a brief history of the technology and its inventors. The key parts and types of ram pumps are identified. Common operational problems and solutions are outlined. Advantages include being powered solely by water flow, having few moving parts, and providing continual operation. Disadvantages include only pumping a small portion of water and potential sediment issues.
Ram Pumps - Using No Fuel, No ElectricityGarden2bounty
Hydraulic ram pumps use the energy of falling water to pump a portion of that water to a greater height. They work by using the force of a large volume of water falling a small distance to lift a small portion of that water to a much greater height. Depending on the inlet and outlet heights, ram pumps can lift 1-20% of the inlet water 10 times the inlet fall height. They are useful where a constant water source has a minimum 3 foot fall and can pump water for drinking, irrigation, or other uses. Ram pumps have advantages of being inexpensive, simple to install and operate, and requiring no fuel or electricity to function.
Hydraulic Ram Pumping in Rural Community Development - Rijswijk UniversityFatin62c
The document summarizes research on using hydraulic ram pumps for rural community development in South Africa. It begins by describing a project initiated in 2004 to set up a vegetable garden in Inchanga, KwaZulu Natal, which was supplied with an irrigation system based on a ram pump design. The research focused on improving the pump's performance and tuning it to changing site conditions. It then provides details on the components and operating cycle of ram pumps, presents a numerical model of pump operation, and discusses experimental testing and an implementation project in Inchanga to evaluate pump performance under various conditions.
The document summarizes a jet pump, including its history, construction, working principle, types, uses, advantages, and disadvantages. Some key points:
- Jet pumps use pressure to create suction and transport fluids without moving parts. They were first developed in 1931 but not commercialized until 1955.
- They have a nozzle that increases fluid velocity, creating suction to draw in more fluid and discharge it at higher pressure. Efficiency is typically 30-40%.
- Types include deep well, shallow well, and convertible jets. They are used for applications like oil wells and aquariums.
- Advantages include no wear, adjustability, and suitability for remote operations. Disadvantages include lower efficiency
Pumps are used to move liquids through piping systems and raise their pressure by applying energy transformations. There are three main reasons for raising liquid pressure: overcoming static elevation changes, friction losses, and meeting process pressure requirements. Pumps are classified as either kinetic (centrifugal) or positive displacement depending on how energy is added to the liquid. Proper pump selection depends on factors like flow rate and viscosity. Cavitation can occur if the net positive suction head (NPSH) available falls below what is required by the pump.
Possibilities for Locally Fabricated Hydraulic Ram PumpsAnnie Thompson
This document provides information and diagrams about locally fabricated hydraulic ram pumps. It discusses the basic parts and principles of how ram pumps work, including the drive head, delivery head, impulse valve, delivery valve, and air vessel. It also provides tips on construction, such as using galvanized pipe for the drive pipe, making flapper-style delivery valves, and drilling snifter holes to replenish air in the system. Maintenance considerations like cleaning out sediment buildup over time are also covered.
Ram Pump - Installation Manual
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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This document discusses new developments in hydraulic ram pump technology, including trends toward simpler pump designs that are easier to install and maintain. Specifically, it describes efforts to simplify pumps by removing tuning mechanisms, replacing free air pressure vessels with contained air packets, and designing pumps that can be easily attached and removed from drive pipes. The document also discusses using new materials like plastics to lower costs, especially for small pumps with modest lift requirements, while higher lift pumps still require materials with greater stiffness like steel. Overall the trends are aimed at making ram pump systems cheaper and more accessible for applications like small-scale irrigation.
The document provides instructions for how to construct a hydraulic ram pump without welding. It begins with an overview of what a hydraulic ram pump is and how it works. It then details how the author was able to modify plans from a VITA book to create a ram pump that does not require welding. The main body of the document provides diagrams and explanations of the various components of the ram pump and how they function together. It explains the cycle of how water powers the pump, as well as considerations for installation and typical flows. The document concludes by listing specifics for how to construct the ram pump based on the diagrams and instructions provided.
Hydram: A Low Carbon Technology - Lachana ShresthacharyaFatin62c
While Nepal has abundant water resources, communities at higher elevations lack access for drinking, farming, and irrigation due to the difference in elevation between the rivers and residential areas. Hydraulic ram pump (hydram) technology provides a low-carbon solution by using the power of flowing water to automatically lift a small amount of water to a greater height where it is needed. Two hydram systems were successfully installed in Dhading district as pilots. They now provide drinking water in Sunaula Bazaar and water for sanitation and hygiene at a school in Mahadevsthan, benefiting local communities.
Two students built a hydraulic ram pump to pump water uphill without electricity. They tested three tension modes on the pump. Mode 2, the medium tension setting, pumped water 53.2% more efficiently and 21% faster than Mode 1, the low tension setting, making it the best mode for pumping water 3 feet downhill and 5 feet uphill. Mode 3, the high tension setting, could not pump water 5 feet uphill so it was less efficient than Mode 2. The students concluded the pump could be useful in places without power by conserving energy and providing water. They received help from their father in assembling parts of the pump.
This document provides instructions for building a homemade hydraulic ram pump. It includes a list of parts needed to construct a 1-1/4 inch pump, diagrams labeling the parts, and descriptions of how each component works and connects together. Performance expectations are provided in tables, including expected water output rates based on input rates and installation specifications. Test data from a sample 1-1/4 inch pump installation is shown to output around 0.33 gallons per minute with a shutoff head of 22 psi and operating head of 10 psi.
Hydraulic Ram Pump Links, Book List and Much MoreFatin62c
The document provides information about hydraulic ram pumps, including websites focused on ram pumps, books about ram pumps, and additional online resources with information and designs for ram pumps. It contains a extensive list of references to materials on the history, theory, design, construction, and application of hydraulic ram pumps.
Nautilus Water Turbine Site Evaluations and Water Power FormulasFatin62c
This document contains information about measuring head and flow for micro hydro sites, as well as formulas and tables related to water turbines, piping, and electrical systems. It includes instructions for measuring head using a leveling device or pressure gauge, and measuring flow by timing how long it takes to fill a bucket of known volume. Tables provide data on head loss in PVC pipes of different diameters and flows, friction loss for various PVC fittings, and conversion factors and electrical formulas.
Meribah Ram Pump: Installation and User ManualFatin62c
This document provides installation and user instructions for Meribah Ram Pumps. It includes details on how ram pumps work, definitions of key terms, site survey requirements, pump selection guidance, and installation steps. Installation requires measuring water flow and head heights, selecting appropriate pipes and fittings, building foundations and tanks, and connecting the drive and delivery pipes. Proper installation is important for the ram pump to operate effectively at pumping water without electricity or gasoline.
Installation of Hydraulic Ram Pump - Thapathali Campus, KathmanduFatin62c
The document proposes installing a hydraulic ram pump (hydram) in a village in Nepal to provide a renewable source of water. A hydram uses the energy of falling water to pump a portion of the water to a higher elevation, requiring no other energy source. The project aims to design, manufacture, install, and test a hydram to demonstrate the technology for rural villages. Specific objectives are to identify an installation site, design and manufacture a hydram, construct a testing facility, install the hydram, and test its performance. The total proposed cost is 100,000 Nepali rupees. Industrial engineering students will implement the project as part of their studies.
Installation and Drive Pipe Construction of the Bamford Hi-Ram PumpFatin62c
The document provides instructions for installing the Bamford "Hi-Ram Pump". It describes two types of drive pipe configurations (Type A and Type B) that can be used with the pump. Type A uses a longer length of larger diameter pipe connected to a shorter length of smaller diameter pipe, while Type B has the pump components situated at the join of the two pipes. The drive pipe and standpipe are critical for proper pump operation. Instructions are provided on sources of water, assembling the drive pipe, connecting the pump components, and testing the initial setup.
This document provides the schematic and parts list for a public domain ramp pump design that can be built using off-the-shelf parts from home improvement stores. The design includes separate assemblies for the inflow check, inflow, outflow check, and ballast that can be screwed together for maintenance. A list of 25 required parts is provided along with the corresponding Lowe's SKU numbers for each part. Hydromissions does not guarantee the output or function of the unit as applications vary.
This document provides instructions for building and installing a hydraulic ram pump. It begins with an overview of what a hydraulic ram is and how it works, using the power of falling water to pump a portion of the water to a higher elevation. It then discusses considerations for site selection and pre-construction planning. The document provides detailed instructions for constructing the waste and check valves and installing and operating the hydraulic ram pump. It includes appendices with additional technical details and worksheets.
Hydraulic Ram Pumps and Sling Pumps - ZetaTalkFatin62c
The document discusses the design and components of hydraulic ram pumps. It provides formulas and tables to help calculate the appropriate size and specifications of a ram pump based on factors like the water supply available, the lift height required, and amount of water needed. An example calculation is also included to demonstrate how to size a ram pump to provide water to a village using the given design considerations and constraints.
- Hydraulic ram pumps use a small head of falling water to lift a fraction of the supply flow to a greater height, transferring over 50% of the energy of the driving flow to the delivery flow.
- They work by using the "water hammer" phenomenon where falling water builds up pressure when a valve closes suddenly, forcing open another valve and pumping water up a delivery pipe.
- Hydraulic ram pumps are mechanically simple, requiring only two valves, and have very low maintenance needs, making them reliable for pumping small volumes of water to high elevations.
Hydraulic Ram Pump - G.U.N.T., Equipment for Engineering Education Fatin62c
The document describes an experimental setup for demonstrating the function of a hydraulic ram pump. The setup includes pipework with connections, two raised tanks, and a valve block with an air vessel. Water is supplied either from the mains or a closed water circuit system. The hydraulic ram pump utilizes the kinetic energy of flowing water in a long pipe to pump water to a higher level without additional mechanical energy input. When the water flow is suddenly stopped by a valve, the water hammer effect develops and converts the flow's kinetic energy into potential energy that lifts water into the raised tanks. The setup allows users to clearly observe the hydraulic ram pumping cycle and generation of pressure waves.
Hydraulic Ram Pump - Centre for Rural Technology, NepalFatin62c
The document discusses the hydraulic ram pump, which uses a large flow of water falling through a small head to lift a small flow of water through a higher head. It has only two moving parts - valves - making it mechanically simple. Potential applications include household water supply, irrigation of small to medium farms, and supporting livelihoods like cattle or fish farming. The Center for Rural Technology in Nepal has implemented 12 hydraulic ram pumps across several districts with positive impacts like improved sanitation and hygiene, increased school attendance, reduced water fetching time, and expanded vegetable production and incomes. Challenges to water and sanitation projects in remote mountain communities include high infrastructure costs, unreliable energy access, and cash flow issues.
Hydraulic Ram Made from Standard Plumbing Parts - University of GeorgiaFatin62c
This document provides instructions for assembling a hydraulic ram pump from standard plumbing parts. The assembly uses a swing check valve, spring loaded check valve, ball valves, unions, gauges and PVC or metal pipes. An inner tube is used as an air bladder in the pressure tank. The ram can be adjusted by changing the angle of the swing check valve or length of the drive pipe. Proper installation and startup is required to displace trapped air in the system.
This document provides specifications for various hydraulic piston pump models, including dimensions and performance characteristics. It describes slanting disc type pumps with nominal pressures ranging from 2.5 to 400 MPa and displacements from 1.25 to 400 cc/rev. Key specifications listed include theoretical flow rate, maximum torque, nominal pressure, nominal displacement, and maximum drive power for each model. Dimensional drawings and size charts with labels for the various parts are also provided.
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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Drinking Water and Ram Pumps
1. Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps
Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Low maintenance pumping of water without
electricity!
Click HERE if there is no button bar on the left side of your screen!
Hydraulic ram pumps are a time-tested
technology that use the energy of a large amount
of water falling a small height to lift a small
amount of that water to a much greater height. In
this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley
can be pumped to a village or irrigation scheme
on the hillside.
Depending on the difference in heights between
the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, these water
pumps will lift 1-20 percent of the water that flows into it. In general, a
ram can pump approximately one tenth of the received water volume to
a height ten times greater than the intake. A hydraulic ram pump is
useful where the water source flows constantly and the usable fall from
the water source to the pump location is at least 91 cm (3 ft).
Since ram pumps can only be used in situations where falling water is
available, their use is restricted to three main applications:
q lifting drinking water from springs to settlements on higher
ground.
q pumping drinking water from streams that have significant slope.
q lifting irrigation water from streams or raised irrigation channels.
http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm (1 of 4) [1/13/2005 12:42:28 PM]
2. Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps
Ram Pump Advantages include:
1. Inexpensive
2. Very simple construction and easy to install yourself.
3. Does not consume petrol, diesel or electricity.
4. Minimum maintenance.
5. Pollution free.
6. Quiet pumping 24 hours per day.
Hydraulic Ram Pump Links
q Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump (Water for the World)
q Ram pump History and Design (Center for Alternative
Technology - UK)
q Hydraulic Ram Book - How & Where They Work (Atlas
Publications - North Carolina)
q Ram Pump Technical Notes (Dev. Technology Unit - UK)
q Build Your own Ram Pump (Clemson University)
q Ramp Pump Design Specifications (Institute for Appropriate
Technology)
q Highlifter Ram Pump (25 page book providing step-by-step
instructions on designing, making, installing and operating a
hydraulic ram waterpumping system)
q Hydraulic ram pumps Engineering Principles (North Carolina
Extension Service)
q Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application (Research,
Development and Technology Adaptation Center, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia)
q Pictures of Ram Pumps (D. Burger - UK)
q Ram Pumps (Internet Glossary of Pumps)
q Gravi-Chek Pump (Updated Ram Design)
http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm (2 of 4) [1/13/2005 12:42:28 PM]
3. Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps
Suppliers of Hydraulic Ram Pumps
q "Highlifter" and Ram water pumps (California)
q Aquatic Ecosystems Inc (Florida)
q Folk Ram Pump Supplier (USA)
q York Industries (Pennsylvania)
q Alternative Energy Engineering (California)
Sling Pump Links
q Sling Pump
q Sling Pump for Agricultural Watering
q Sling Pump Fact Sheet for Agriculture
q Sling Pumps for Sale
q Rife Sling Pumps
http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm (3 of 4) [1/13/2005 12:42:28 PM]
4. Hydraulic ram pumps and Sling Pumps
http://www.lifewater.ca/ram_pump.htm (4 of 4) [1/13/2005 12:42:28 PM]
5. Use a hydraulic ram pump to continuously pump water
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Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Low maintenance pumping of water without
electricity!
Click HERE if there is no button bar on the left side of your screen!
Hydraulic ram pumps are a time-tested
technology that use the energy of a large amount
of water falling a small height to lift a small
amount of that water to a much greater height. In
this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley
can be pumped to a village or irrigation scheme
on the hillside.
Depending on the difference in heights between
the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, these water
pumps will lift 1-20 percent of the water that flows into it. In general, a
ram can pump approximately one tenth of the received water volume to
a height ten times greater than the intake. A hydraulic ram pump is
useful where the water source flows constantly and the usable fall from
the water source to the pump location is at least 91 cm (3 ft).
Since ram pumps can only be used in situations where falling water is
available, their use is restricted to three main applications:
q lifting drinking water from springs to settlements on higher
ground.
q pumping drinking water from streams that have significant slope.
q lifting irrigation water from streams or raised irrigation channels.
Ram Pump Advantages include:
http://www.lifewater.ca/ndexram.htm (1 of 3) [1/13/2005 12:42:38 PM]
6. Use a hydraulic ram pump to continuously pump water
1. Inexpensive
2. Very simple construction and easy to install yourself.
3. Does not consume petrol, diesel or electricity.
4. Minimum maintenance.
5. Pollution free.
6. Quiet pumping 24 hours per day.
Hydraulic Ram Pump Links
q Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump (Water for the World)
q Ram pump History and Design (Center for Alternative
Technology - UK)
q Hydraulic Ram Book - How & Where They Work (Atlas
Publications - North Carolina)
q Ram Pump Technical Notes (Dev. Technology Unit - UK)
q Build Your own Ram Pump (Clemson University)
q Ramp Pump Design Specifications (Institute for Appropriate
Technology)
q Highlifter Ram Pump (25 page book providing step-by-step
instructions on designing, making, installing and operating a
hydraulic ram waterpumping system)
q Hydraulic ram pumps Engineering Principles (North Carolina
Extension Service)
q Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application (Research,
Development and Technology Adaptation Center, Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia)
q Pictures of Ram Pumps (D. Burger - UK)
q Ram Pumps (Internet Glossary of Pumps)
q Gravi-Chek Pump (Updated Ram Design)
Suppliers of Hydraulic Ram Pumps
q "Highlifter" and Ram water pumps (California)
q Aquatic Ecosystems Inc (Florida)
q Folk Ram Pump Supplier (USA)
http://www.lifewater.ca/ndexram.htm (2 of 3) [1/13/2005 12:42:38 PM]
7. Use a hydraulic ram pump to continuously pump water
q York Industries (Pennsylvania)
q Alternative Energy Engineering (California)
Sling Pump Links
q Sling Pump
q Sling Pump for Agricultural Watering
q Sling Pump Fact Sheet for Agriculture
q Sling Pumps for Sale
q Rife Sling Pumps
http://www.lifewater.ca/ndexram.htm (3 of 3) [1/13/2005 12:42:38 PM]
8. Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
Water For The World
Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
Technical Note No. RWS.4.D.5
[ Index | Bottom ]
A hydraulic ram or impulse pump is a device which uses the energy
of falling water to lift a lesser amount of water to a higher elevation
than the source. See Figure 1. There are only two moving parts,
thus there is little to wear out. Hydraulic rams are relatively
economical to purchase and install. One can be built with detailed
plans and if properly installed, they will give many trouble-free
years of service with no pumping costs. For these reasons, the
hydraulic ram is an attractive solution where a large gravity flow exists. A ram should be considered
when there is a source that can provide at least seven times more water than the ram is to pump and the
water is, or can be made, free of trash and sand. There must be a site for the ram at least 0.5m below the
water source and water must be needed at a level higher than the source.
Factors in Design
Before a ram can be selected, several design factors must be known. These are shown in Figure 1 and
include:
1. The difference in height between the water source and the pump site (called vertical fall).
2. The difference in height between the pump site and the point of storage or use (lift).
3. The quantity (Q) of flow available from the source.
4. The quantity of water required.
5. The length of pipe from the source to the pump site (called the drive pipe).
6. The length of pipe from the pump to the storage site (called the delivery pipe).
Once this information has been obtained, a calculation can be made to see if the amount of water needed
can be supplied by a ram. The formula is: D=(S x F x E)/L Where:
D = Amount delivered in liters per 24 hours.
S = Quantity of water supplied in liters per minute.
F = The fall or height of the source above the ram in meters.
E = The efficiency of the ram (for commercial models use 0.66, for home built use 0.33 unless otherwise
indicated).
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9. Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
L = The lift height of the point of use above the ram in meters.
Table 1 solves this formula for rams with efficiencies of 66 percent, a supply of 1 liter per minute, and
with the working fall and lift shown in the table. For supplies greater than 1 liter/minute, simply multiply
by the number of liters supplied.
Table 1. Ram Performance Data for a Supply of 1 liter/minute
Liters Delivered over 24 Hours
Working Fall (m)
Lift - Vertical Height to which Water is Raised Above the Ram (m)
5 7.5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 125
1.0 144 77 65 33 29 19.5 12.5
1.5 135 96.5 70 54 36 19 15
2.0 220 156 105 79 53 33 25 19.5 12.5
2.5 280 200 125 100 66 40.5 32.5 24 15.5 12
3.0 260 180 130 87 65 51 40 27 17.5 12
3.5 215 150 100 75 60 46 31.5 20 14
4.0 255 173 115 86 69 53 36 23 16
5.0 310 236 155 118 94 71.5 50 36 23
6.0 282 185 140 112 93.5 64.5 47.5 34.5
7.0 216 163 130 109 82 60 48
8.0 187 149 125 94 69 55
9.0 212 168 140 105 84 62
10.0 245 187 156 117 93 69
12.0 295 225 187 140 113 83
14.0 265 218 167 132 97
16.0 250 187 150 110
18.0 280 210 169 124
20.0 237 188 140
Components of Hydraulic Ram
A hydraulic ram installation consists of a supply, a drive pipe, the ram, a supply line and usually a
storage tank. These are shown in Figure 1. Each of these component parts is discussed below:
Supply. The intake must be designed to keep trash and sand out of the
supply since these can plug up the ram. If the water is not naturally free of
these materials, the intake should be screened or a settling basin provided.
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10. Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
When the source is remote from the ram site, the supply line can be designed to conduct the water to a
drive pipe as shown in Figure 2. The supply line, if needed, should be at least one pipe diameter larger
than the drive pipe.
Drive pipe. The drive pipe must be made of a non-flexible material for maximum efficiency. This is
usually galvanized iron pipe, although other materials cased in concrete will work. In order to reduce
head loss due to friction, the length of the pipe divided by the diameter of the pipe should be within the
range of 150-1,000. Table 2 shows the minimum and maximum pipe lengths for various pipe sizes.
Table 2. Range of Drive Pipe Lengths
for Various Pipe Diameters
Drive Pipe Size (mm)
Length (meters)
Minimum Maximum
13 2 13
20 3 20
25 4 25
30 4.5 30
40 6 40
50 7.5 50
80 12 80
100 15 100
The drive pipe diameter is usually chosen based on the size of the ram and the manufacturer's
recommendations as shown in Table 3. The length is four to six times the vertical fall.
Table 3. Drive Pipe Diameters by
Hydram Manufacturer's Size Number
Hydram Size 1 2 3 3.5 4 5 6
Pipe Size (mm) 32 38 51 63.5 76 101 127
Ram. Rams can be constructed using commercially available check valves
or by fabricating check valves. They are also available as manufactured
units in various sizes and pumping capacities. Rams can be used in tandem
to pump water if one ram is not large enough to supply the need. Each ram
must have its own drive pipe, but all can pump through a common delivery
pipe as shown in Figure 3.
In installing the ram, it is important that it be level, securely attached to an immovable base, preferably
concrete, and that the waste-water be drained away. The pump can-not operate when submerged. Since
the ram usually operates on a 24-hour basis the size can be determined for delivery over a 24-hour
period. Table 4 shows hydraulic ram capacities for one manufacturer's Hydrams.
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11. Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
Table 4. Hydram Capacityby Manufacturer's Size Number
Size of Hydram
1 2 3 3.5 4 5X 6X 5Y 6Y
Volume of Drive Water Needed
(liters/min)
7-16 12-25 27-55 45-96 68-137 136-270 180-410 136-270 180-410
Maximum Lift (m) 150 150 120 120 120 105 105 105
Delivery Pipe. The delivery pipe can be of any material that can withstand the water pressure. The size
of the line can be estimated using Table 5.
Table 5. Sizing the Delivery Pipe
Delivery Pipe Size (mm) Flow (liters/min)
30 6-36
40 37-60
50 61-90
80 91-234
100 235-360
Storage Tank. This is located at a level to provide water to the point of use. The size is based on the
maximum demand per day.
Sizing a Hydraulic Ram
A small community consists of 10 homes with a total of 60 people. There is a spring l0m lower than the
village which drains to a wash which is 15m below the spring. The spring produces 30,000 liters of
water per day. There is a location for a ram on the bank of the wash. This site is 5m higher than the
wash and 35m from the spring. A public standpost is planned for the village 200m from the ram site.
The lift required to the top of the storage tank is 23m. The following are the steps in design.
Identify the necessary design factors:
1. Vertical fall is 10m.
2. Lift is 23m to top of storage tank.
3. Quantity of flow available equals 30,000 liters per day divided by 1,440 minutes per day
(30,000/1,440) = 20.8 liters per minute.
4. The quantity of water required assuming 40 liters per day per person as maximum use is 60 people x
40 liters per day = 2,400 liters per day.
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12. Designing a Hydraulic Ram Pump
2,400/1,440 = 1.66 liters per minute (use 2 liters per minute)
5. The length of the drive pipe is 35m.
6. The length of the delivery pipe is 200m.
The above data can be used to size the system. Using Table 1, for a fall of 10m and a lift of 80m, 117
liters can be pumped a day for each liter per minute supplied. Since 2,400 liters per day is required, the
number of liters per minute needed can be found by dividing 2,400 by 117:
2,400/117 = 20.5 liters per minute supply required.
From item 3 above, the supply available is 20.8 liters per minute so the source is sufficient.
Table 3 can now be used to select a ram size. The volume of driving water or supply needed is 20.5 liters
per minute. From Table 4, a No. 2 Hydram requires from 12 to 25 liters per minute. A No. 2 Hydram
can lift water to a maximum height of 150m according to Table 4. This will be adequate since the lift to
the top of the storage tank is 23m. Thus, a No. 2 Hydram would be selected.
Table 3 shows that for a No. 2 Hydram, the minimum drive pipe diameter is 38mm. Table 2 indicates
that the minimum and maximum length for a 40mm pipe (the closest size to 38mm) is 6m-40m. Since the
spring is 35m away, the length is all right. Table 5 can be used to select a delivery pipe 30mm in
diameter which fits the supply needed, 20.5 liters per minute.
Posted 11/05/97 FLP [ Top | Index | Lifewater Home]
US AID Water for the World Technical Notes are made available online by
PO Box 3131 San Luis Obispo, CA 93403 USA
Email us at Info@Lifewater.org
This document is not copyrighted, so you are free to print and distribute it. However, we do request that any such re-distribution be on a non-
commercial basis only.
Kindly reference US AID, 1982 as the author and this Lifewater web site, http://www.lifewater.org, as the source.
http://www.lifewater.org/wfw/rws4/rws4d5.htm (5 of 5) [1/13/2005 12:42:40 PM]
13. CAT Publications at www.ecobooks.co.uk
Sometimes a sheet of A4 is all you need to supply bright
ideas.
Description
Description of an elegant device that uses the power of
water to pump some of that water.
Retail Price £0.50
Format A4 210 x 297mm
black on tinted paper, printed
both sides
http://www.cat.org.uk/catpubs/display.tmpl?sku=ts_hr&cart=11021292602271318 [1/13/2005 12:42:44 PM]
14. Atlas Publications-inexpensive how-to books for the homestead.
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Atlas Publications produces several unusual books for homesteaders and people interested in learning
how to raise or farm giant freshwater American or Australian crayfish on a small or large scale, or
how to build or install an Atlas Ram Pump or how one works.The books listed below are available
direct from the publisher.
Home Hydraulic Ram Pumps Crayfish Farming Red Claw Crayfish Farming
All About Hydraulic Ram Pumps
How and Where They Work
(ISBN 0-9631526-2-9)
The ram pump, or water ram, is a very useful 'old-tech' device that has been around for many years and is as
useful today as ever. It can pump water from a flowing source of water to a point ABOVE that source with no
power requirement other than the force of gravity. Invented before electric water pumps, this rugged, simple and
reliable device works continuously with only 2 moving parts and very little maintenence. Typically installed at
remote home sites for domestic water supply, watering livestock, gardens, decorative lily and fish ponds, water
wheels and fountains. Because it uses no power, a ram pump can be used where water would normally not be
used and would flow on downstream. This book explains in simple terms and with illustrations how the ram
pump works, where and how it can be set up, and how to keep it going. The second section of the book gives step-
by-step plans for building a fully operational Atlas Ram Pump from readily available plumbing fittings and which require NO welding, drilling, tapping or special tools to
fabricate. The final chapter shows how to build an inexpensive ferro-cement water storage tank up to 15,000 gallon capacity. More about ram pumps here: Hydraulic Ram
Pumps
Order book RMB, only $9.95 plus $1.00 ($3.00 Canada) First Class Shipping (U.S. funds).
http://atlaspub.20m.com/ (1 of 4) [1/13/2005 12:42:50 PM]
my site
15. Atlas Publications-inexpensive how-to books for the homestead.
BOOK REVIEWS
Reviewer: jtgookin@nols.edu from Lander, Wyoming: "A great little book!!! I have built and bought hydraulic ram pumps. I have
bought the books from England, called ram builders all over the US, and searched the net. Don Wilson's book has the clearest
directions I have seen."
From: e.j. samson (bigbear128@juno.com) Hi again. I thought I would let you
know how I made out with your ram pump plans....as you can see-GREAT! I was
skeptical at first; didn't see how it could work. After hooking it all up, we are
pumping water 125 ft. high and over 400 ft. away.. not a lot of water, but enough:
around 12 to 15 gallons an hour! Thanks again!
-------------- Sincerely, Ernie Samson.-------------
Reviewer: Jimmy Martin, Williamson, NY: "I received your book today and
immediately read it from cover to cover. As a manufacturing engineer for over 30
years, I have been keenly interested in finding information on the Hydraulic Ram Pump. I would like to thank you for your very
informative book. It is well written, very well illustrated...and the best investment I have made in years!"
Small Scale Crayfish Farming for food and profit
(ISBN 0-9631526-1-0)
This useful book--a bare bones, how to manual--explores how to raise crayfish in a small country setting. It is a
surprisingly complete (for its size) factual compilation of years of University and industry research as well as
individual findings on the culture of freshwater crayfish. It is well known that farmed crayfish will grow to a much
larger size than the wild ones, and much more rapidly, if given optimum conditions. These conditions are easily
reached, and are much less strict than most aquaculture species. Prepared in a number of tasty ways, freshwater
crayfish are highly regarded as a delicacy both here and abroad. They are similar to lobster and shrimp in taste and
texture, and are an excellent source of high quality, low-fat protein. Targeting the small farmer or backyard hobbyist,
this book outlines specific guidelines for pond construction and efficiency, food and environmental needs, tank culture, sources of supply
Crayfish Suppliers, egg & juvenile production for stocking, processing & sale...of the best species of freshwater crayfish for aquaculture in all
areas of the US. More about crayfish farming here: Crayfish Farming
Order book CRB; only $9.95 plus $1.00 ($3.00 Canada) First Class Shipping. (U.S. funds.)
Two of the most popular varieties for culture. Both grow to over 1 oz.
in weight in one growing season, under optimum conditions of
temperature, aeration, density, turbidity and feeding. All easily
reached conditions!
from 'BACKWOODS HOME MAGAZINE' by Dave Duffy,
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16. Atlas Publications-inexpensive how-to books for the homestead.
editor: "This is a small but useful book..a bare bones 'how-to' manual on how to raise crayfish in a small country setting. Wilson is a
clear, informative writer, and this book is in that vein..short and to the point. No fluff. I like it a lot."
From 'WHOLE EARTH REVIEW' by Kevin Kelly, editor: "Crayfish look and taste like small lobsters, but can be grown in a back
lot pond. They can be raised anywhere in the 48 states, and thrive on almost any kind of feed. They require only a shallow pool of fresh
water, are self-replenishing and easily caught. There is backyard gourmet protein for homesteaders here. This self-published how-to
booklet will guide your crustacean dreams."
RED CLAW! Raising the Giant Australian Crayfish
(ISBN 0-9631526-3-7).
The Red Claw crayfish is a new and very promising aquaculture species. The Red Claw is very similar to the native American
species, except that it grows to a HUGE size--almost to that of a lobster! There are several other notable differences, such as
year-round breeding, awesome fecundity... often over 700 eggs per breeder! They also have a non-aggressive nature, which
allows many more Red Claw crayfish to live happily in a given space than would the native American crayfish.
This book is one of the few sources for complete information on all aspects of the culture of this lobster sized freshwater
crayfish. Compiled from leading edge research direct from Australia as well as individual and University findings from all
over the U.S.,this book dispels the hype and furnishes the facts about this little known but highly prized new aquaculture
species. Fish farmers have managed to become major players in this bottomless market in only a couple of years. Small scale family run operations
are harvesting 'short lobsters' in less than a year, and the startup costs are relatively low. There are not many Red Claw crayfish reference books, and this book packs all the
info you may need into a small price. Included in the book are photos from down under, food and feeding regimens needed to raise the Red Claw to giant size, well managed
pond and tank factors, hatching and juvenile production, stocking methods, sources of supply--Redclaw and Crayfish Suppliers. -- processing & sales tips, and marketing
recommendations.
More about the Red Claw here: Red Claw Crayfish Farming
Order book AUC only $9.95 plus $1.00 ($3.00 Canada) First Class Shipping (U.S. funds).
From 'AQUACULTURE MAGAZINE' by James W. Avault Jr., book review editor: "This book is compiled from information
from David O'Sullivan of the University of Tasmania, David Rouse of Auburn University, and several private companies growing Red
Claw in America and Australia. It is developed as a manual for the crayfish farmer. It covers all of the important topics a beginning
farmer would need to know. This book is easy to read and should be a help to anyone who wants a book of Red Claw aquaculture in a
condensed version. David O'Sullivan and David Rouse are highly respected researchers of Red Claw."
Reviewer: Charles Showalter (charles@redclaw.com) from Pittsburgh, Penn. "First off, I would like to thank the author for
writing this book on Red Claw Culture and especially for including the section on information resources. The book was able to bring a
lot of great information together, and presented it in a manner that made the average 'water farmer' comfortable with Red Claw
production. This must not have been an easy task, considering the lack of available information. After reading the book I decided to dig
deeper and became excited with the possibilities. The book was correct in stating that this industry is in it's infancy and quite likely will
grow fast. I now operate the Red Claw Crayfish Hatchery in Pittsburgh and have a very successful web site. And this book got me
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18. The Development Technology Unit
Animal
Traction
Building
Materials
Landmine
Clearance
Rainwater
Harvesting
Water
Lifting
DTU
Publications
The DTU concerns itself with the development and transfer of
technologies appropriate to rural areas of tropical countries. It also
studies "bottom up" industrialisation in those countries.
Started in 1987, to complement the Engineering Design and Appropriate
Technology (EDAT) degree course offered by Warwick University, the
DTU has been engaged in highly varied research in the broad fields of
development and intermediate technology.
The DTU conducts its own research programmes and also works in
collaboration with non-governmental organisations (NGOs), aid agencies,
government bodies, private enterprise and private individuals in a about 20
countries. We are always interested to hear from prospective partners
particularly those institutes specialising in impact studies (economic/ social/
gender/ micro-enterprise) of new technology in their own country, potential
manufacturers of rural development equipment and NGOs engaged in
promoting income-generating measures.
A number of post-graduate students are currently working with the DTU on
PhD and MSc-by-research programmes. Enquiries from potential future
research students are welcomed and should be addressed to Dr. Terry
Thomas in the first instance at the email address below.
For further information about the DTU or any of the areas covered in the
following pages please contact us.
Our email address is: dtu@eng.warwick.ac.uk
Fax Number: +44 24 7641 8922;
Telephone Number: +44 24 7652 3122 or +44 24 7652 2339
Our Address is:
Development Technology Unit,
http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/dtu/ (1 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:42:52 PM]
19. The Development Technology Unit
Search the DTU website School of Engineering,
University of Warwick,
Coventry, CV4 7AL,
UK
In the interests of making our site more accessible, we are collecting
statistics on its use through eXTReMe Tracking
http://www.eng.warwick.ac.uk/dtu/ (2 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:42:52 PM]
Search
20. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
This information is provided as a service to those wanting to try to build their own hydraulic ram pump. The data from
our experiences with one of these home-made hydraulic ram pumps is listed in Table 4 near the bottom of this
document. The typical cost of fittings for an 1-1/4" pump is currently $120.00 (U.S.A.) regardless of whether
galvanized or PVC fittings are used.
Click here to see a picture of an old-style assembled ram pump with a threaded plug
(see notes below concerning glue cap (#16) versus threaded plug)
Table 1. Image Key
1 1-1/4" valve 10 1/4" pipe cock
2 1-1/4" tee 11 100 psi gauge
3 1-1/4" union 12 1-1/4" x 6" nipple
4 1-1/4" brass swing check valve (picture) 13 4" x 1-1/4" bushing
5 1-1/4" spring check valve 14 4" coupling
6 3/4" tee 15 4" x 24" PR160 PVC pipe
7 3/4" valve 16 4" PVC glue cap
8 3/4" union 17 3/4" x 1/4" bushing
9 1-1/4" x 3/4" bushing
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21. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
All connectors between the fittings are threaded pipe nipples - usually 2" long or shorter. This pump can be made from
PVC fittings or galvanized steel. In either case it is recommended that the 4" diameter fittings be PVC fittings to
conserve weight.
Conversion Note: 1" (1 inch) = 2.54 cm; 1 PSI (pound/square inch) = 6.895 KPa or 0.06895 bar; 1 gallon per minute =
3.78 liter per minute. PR160 PVC pipe is PVC pipe rated at 160 psi pressure.
Assembly and Operation Notes:
Pressure Chamber - A bicycle or "scooter tire" inner tube is placed inside the pressure chamber (part
15) as an "air bladder" to prevent water-logging or air-logging. Inflate the tube until it is "spongy" when
squeezed, then insert it in the chamber. It should not be inflated very tightly, but have some "give" to it.
(No information is available concerning pressure chamber sizes for the various sizes of ram pump.
Make one somewhat larger for larger pumps - for instance, try a 6 inch diameter x 24 inch long pressure
chamber for a 3 inch ram.)
A 4" threaded plug and 4" female adapter were originally used instead of the 4" glue-on cap shown in
the image, This combination leaked regardless of how tightly it was tightened or how much teflon tape
sealant was used, resulting in water-logging of the pressure chamber. This in turn dramatically
increased the shock waves and could possibly have shortened pump life. If the bicycle tube should need
to be serviced when using the glue cap the pipe may be cut in half then re-glued together using a
coupling.
Valve Operation Descriptions - Valve #1 is the drive water inlet for the pump. Union #8 is the exit point
for the pressurized water. Swing check valve #4 is also known as the "impetus" or "waste" valve - the
extra drive water exits here during operation. The "impetus" valve is the valve that is operated manually
at the beginning (by pushing it in with a finger) to charge the ram and start normal operation.
Valves #1 and #7 could be ball valves instead of gate valves. Ball valves may withstand the shock
waves of the pump better over a long period of time.
The swing check valve (part 4 - also known as the impetus valve) can be adjusted to vary the length of
stroke (please note that maximum flow and pressure head will be achieved with this valve positioned
vertically with the opening facing up). Turn the valve on the threads until the pin in the clapper hinge of
the valve is in line with the pipe (instead of perpendicular to it). Then move the tee the valve is attached
to slightly from vertical, making sure the clapper hinge in the swing check is toward the top of the valve
as you do this. The larger the angle from vertical, the shorter the stroke period (and the less potential
pressure, since the water will not reach as high a velocity before shutting the valve). For maximum flow
and pressure valve #4 should be in a vertical position (the outlet pointed straight up).
Swing check valve #4 should always be brass (or some metal) and not plastic. Experiences with plastic
or PVC swing check valves have shown that the "flapper" or "clapper" in these valves is very light
weight and therefore closes much earlier than the "flapper" of a comparable brass swing check. This in
turn would mean lower flow rates and lower pressure heads.
The pipe cock (part 10) is in place to protect the gauge after the pump is started. It is turned off after the
pump has been started and is operating normally. Turn it on if needed to check the outlet pressure, then
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22. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
turn it back off to protect the gauge.
Drive Pipe - The length of the drive pipe (from water source to pump) also affects the stroke period. A
longer drive pipe provides a longer stroke period. There are maximum and minimum lengths for the
drive pipe (see the paragraph below Table 2). The drive pipe is best made from galvanized steel (more
rigid is better) but schedule 40 PVC can be used with good results. The more rigid galvanized pipe will
result in a higher pumping efficiency - and allow higher pumping heights. Rigidity of the drive pipe
seems to be more important in this efficiency than straightness of the drive pipe.
Drive pipe length and size ratios are apparently based on empirical data. Information from University of
Georgia publications (see footnote) provides an equation from Calvert (1958) describing the output and
stability of ram pump installations in relation to the ratio of the drive pipe length (L) to the drive pipe
diameter (D). The best range is an L/D ratio of between 150 and 1000 (L/D = 150 to L/D = 1000).
Equations to use to determine these lengths are:
Minimum inlet pipe length: L = 150 x (inlet pipe size)
Maximum inlet pipe length: L = 1000 x (inlet pipe size)
If the inlet pipe size is in inches, then the length (L) will also be presented in inches. If inlet pipe size is
in mm, then L will be presented in mm.
Drive Pipe Length Example: If the drive pipe is 1-1/4 inches (1.25 inches) in diameter, then the
minimum length should be L = 150 x 1.25 = 187.5 inches (or about 15.6 feet). The maximum length for
the same 1-1/4 inch drive pipe would be L = 1000 x 1.25 = 1250 inches (104 feet). The drive pipe should
be as rigid and as straight as possible.
Stand pipe or no stand pipe? Many hydraulic ram installations show a "stand pipe" installed on the
inlet pipe. The purpose of this pipe is to allow the water hammer shock wave to dissipate at a given
point. Stand pipes are only necessary if the inlet pipe will be longer than the recommended maximum
length (for instance, if the inlet pipe were to be 150 feet in length in the above example where the
maximum inlet length should only be 104 feet). The stand pipe - if needed - is generally placed in the
line the same distance from the ram as the recommended maximum length indicated.
The stand pipe must be vertical and extend vertically at least 1 foot (0.3 meter) higher than the elevation
of the water source - no water should exit the pipe during operation (or perhaps only a few drops during
each shock wave cycle at most). Many recommendations suggest that the stand pipe should be 3 sizes
larger than the inlet pipe. The supply pipe (between the stand pipe and the water source) should be 1
size larger than the inlet pipe.
The reason behind this is simple - if the inlet pipe is too long the water hammer shock wave will travel
farther, slowing down the pumping pulses of the ram. Also, in many instances there may actually be
interference with the operation of the pump due to the length of travel of the shock wave. The stand
pipe simply allows an outlet to the atmosphere to allow the shock wave somewhere to go. Again this is
not necessary unless the inlet pipe will have to be longer than the recommended maximum length.
Another option would be to pipe the water to an open tank (with the top of the tank at least 1 foot (0.3
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23. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
meter) higher than the vertical elevation of the water source), then attach the inlet pipe to the tank. The
tank will act as a dissipation chamber for the water hammer shock wave just as the stand pipe would.
This option may not be viable if the tank placement would require some sort of tower, but if the
topography allows this may be a more attractive option.
Click here to view sketches of these types of hydraulic ram pump installations
(loads in 70 seconds over 28.8 modem)
Operation - The pump will require some back pressure to begin working. A back pressure of 10 psi or
more should be sufficient. If this is not provided by elevation-induced back pressure from pumping the
water uphill to the delivery point (water trough, etc.), use the 3/4" valve (part 7) to throttle the flow
somewhat to provide this backpressure.
As an alternative to throttling valve part 7 you may consider running the outlet pipe into the air in a loop
and then back down to the trough to provide the necessary back pressure - a total of 23 feet of vertical
elevation above the pump outlet should be sufficient. This may not be practical in all cases, but adding
8 feet of pipe after piping up a hill of 15 feet in elevation should not be a major problem. This will allow
you to open valve #7 completely, preventing stoppage of flow by trash or sediment blocking the partially-
closed valve. It is a good idea to include a tee at the outlet of the pump with a ball valve to allow
periodic "flushing" of the sediment just in case.
Initially the pump will have to be manually started several times to remove all the air. Start the pump by
opening valve 1 and leaving valve 7 closed. Then, when the swing check (#4) shuts, manually push it
open again. The pump will start with valve 7 closed completely, pumping up to some maximum pressure
before stopping operation. After the pump begins operation slowly open valve 7, but do not allow the
discharge pressure (read on gauge #11) to drop below 10 psi. You may have to push valve #4 open
repeatedly to re-start the pump in the first few minutes (10 to 20 times is not abnormal) - air in the
system will stop operation until it is purged.
The unions, gate (or ball) valves, and pressure gauge assembly are not absolutely required to make the
pump run, but they sure do help in installing, removing, and starting the pump as well as regulating the
flow.
Pump Performance - Some information suggests that typical ram pumps discharge approximately 7
gallons of water through the waste valve for every gallon pressurized and pumped. The percentage of
the drive water delivered actually varies based on the ram construction, vertical fall to pump, and
elevation to the water outlet. The percentage of the drive water delivered varies from approximately
22% when the vertical fall to the pump is 1/2 (50%) of the elevation to the water outlet down to 2%
when the vertical fall is 0.04 (4%) of the elevation to the water outlet. Rife Hydraulic Engine
Manufacturing Company literature (http://www.riferam.com/) offers the following equation:
0.6 x Q x F/E = D
Q is the available drive flow in gallons per minute, F is the fall in feet from the water source to the ram,
E is the elevation from the ram to the water outlet, and D is the flow rate of the delivery water in gallons
per minute. 0.6 is an efficiency factor and will differ somewhat between various ram pumps. For
instance, if 12 gallons per minute is available to operate a ram pump, then pump is placed 6 feet below
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24. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
the water source, and the water will be pumped up an elevation of 20 feet, the amount of water that may
be pumped with an appropriately-sized ram pump is
0.6 x 12 gpm x 6 ft / 20 ft = 2.16 gpm
The same pump with the same drive flow will provide less flow if the water is to be pumped up a higher
elevation. For instance, using the data in the previous example but increasing the elevation lift to 40
feet:
0.6 x 12 gpm x 6 ft / 40 ft = 1.08 gpm
Table 2. Typical Hydraulic Ram specifications (Expected water output will be approximately 1/8 of the input flow,
but will vary with installation fall (F) and elevation lift (E) as noted above. This chart is based on 5 feet of lift (E) per
1 foot of fall (F).)
Drive Pipe
Diameter
(inches)
Delivery Pipe
Diameter
(inches)
At Minimum Inflow At Maximum Inflow
Pump Inflow
(gallons per minute)
Expected Output
(gallons per minute)
Pump Inflow
(gallons per minute)
Expected Output
(gallons per minute)
3/4 1/2 3/4 1/10 2 1/4
1 1/2 1-1/2 1/5 6 3/4
1-1/4 1/2 2 1/4 10 1-1/5
1-1/2 3/4 2-1/2 3/10 15 1-3/4
2 1 3 3/8 33 4
2-1/2 1-1/4 12 1-1/2 45 5-2/5
3 1-1/2 20 2-1/2 75 9
4 2 30 3-5/8 150 18
6 3 75 9 400 48
8 4 400 48 800 96
Table 3. Test Installation Information
Drive Pipe Size 1-1/4 inch Schedule 40 PVC
Outlet Pipe Size 3/4 inch Schedule 40 PVC
Pressure Chamber size 4 inch PR160 PVC
Pressure Chamber Length 36 inches
Inlet Pipe Length 100 feet
Outlet Pipe Length 40 feet
Drive Water (Inlet) elevation above pump 4 feet
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25. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
Elevation from pump outlet to delivery outlet 12 feet
Click here to see pictures of the test installation (loads in 38 seconds over 28.8 modem)
Table 4. Trial 1 Performance Data
Expected
Performance
At Installation
(5/17/99)
After Installation
(with water-log)
(5/21/99)
After Clearing
Water-log (6/20/99)
Shutoff Head 5 to 17 psi 22 psi 50 psi 22 psi
Operating Head 10 psi 10 psi 10 psi 10 psi
Operating Flow Rate 0.50 to 1.00 gpm 0.28 gpm 1.50 gpm 0.33 gpm
Note that we used a 4" threaded plug and a 4" female adapter for our test pump (instead of the recommended 4" glue
cap (#16) shown in the figure). Two days after installation the pump air chamber was effectively water-logged due to
leakage past the threads of these two fittings, which was shown by the pronounced impulse pumping at the outlet
discharge point. If the pump were allowed to remain waterlogged it would shortly cease to operate - and may
introduce damage to the pipe or other components due to pronounced water hammer pressure surges.
The large range of expected values for shutoff head is due to the unknown efficiency of the pump. Typical
efficiencies for ram pumps range from 3 feet to 10 feet of lift for every 1 foot of elevation drop from the water inlet to
the pump.
Hydraulic Ram Web Sites
Bamford Pumps
CAT Tipsheet 7
Green and Carter
Lifewater Rams
NC State's EBAE 161-92, "Hydraulic Ram Pumps"
RamPumps.com
Rife Rams
Solar Electric
The Ram Company
University of Warwick (UK) Ram Pump Publications
University of Warwick (UK) Ram pump system design notes
Some information for this web page - and the initial information concerning construction of a home-made hydraulic
ram pump - was provided by University of Georgia Extension publications #ENG98-002 and #ENG98-003 (both
Acrobat "pdf" files) by Frank Henning. Publication #ENG98-002 also describes the pumping volume equations for
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26. Home-made Hydraulic Ram Pump
hydraulic ram pumps.
Welcome! You are visitor
since 11/28/00
Last modified on 10/06/03
This page created and maintained by Bryan Smith,
Clemson University Cooperative Extension, Laurens County.
The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages regardless of race, color, sex, religion,
national origin, or disability and is an equal opportunity employer.
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27. Hydraulic Ram Pump
Hydraulic Ram Pump
A hydraulic ram or impulse pump is a device which uses the energy of falling water to lift a lesser amount
of water to a higher elevation than the source. See Figure 1. There are only two moving parts, thus there
is little to wear out. Hydraulic rams are relatively economical to purchase and install. One can be built
with detailed plans and if properly installed, they will give many trouble-free years of service with no
pumping costs. For these reasons, the hydraulic ram is an attractive solution where a large gravity flow
exists. A ram should be considered when there is a source that can provide at least seven times more
water than the ram is to pump and the water is, or can be made, free of trash and sand. There must be a
site for the ram at least 0.5m below the water source and water must be needed at a level higher than the
source.
Factors in Design
Before a ram can be selected, several design factors must be known. These are shown in Figure 1 and
include:
1. The difference in height between the water source and the pump site (called vertical fall).
2. The difference in height between the pump site and the point of storage or use (lift).
3. The quantity (Q) of flow available from the source.
4. The quantity of water required.
5. The length of pipe from the source to the pump site (called the drive pipe).
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28. Hydraulic Ram Pump
6. The length of pipe from the pump to the storage site (called the delivery pipe).
Once this information has been obtained, a calculation can be made to see if the amount of water needed
can be supplied by a ram. The formula is: D=(S x F x E)/L Where:
D = Amount delivered in liters per 24 hours.
S = Quantity of water supplied in liters per minute.
F = The fall or height of the source above the ram in meters.
E = The efficiency of the ram (for commercial models use 0.66, for home built use 0.33 unless otherwise
indicated).
L = The lift height of the point of use above the ram in meters.
Table 1 solves this formula for rams with efficiencies of 66 percent, a supply of 1 liter per minute, and with
the working fall and lift shown in the table. For supplies greater than 1 liter/minute, simply multiply by the
number of liters supplied.
Table 1. Ram Performance Data for a Supply of 1 liter/minute
Liters Delivered over 24 Hours
Working Fall (m)
Lift - Vertical Height to which Water is Raised Above the Ram (m)
5 7.5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 125
1.0 144 77 65 33 29 19.5 12.5
1.5 135 96.5 70 54 36 19 15
2.0 220 156 105 79 53 33 25 19.5 12.5
2.5 280 200 125 100 66 40.5 32.5 24 15.5 12
3.0 260 180 130 87 65 51 40 27 17.5 12
3.5 215 150 100 75 60 46 31.5 20 14
4.0 255 173 115 86 69 53 36 23 16
5.0 310 236 155 118 94 71.5 50 36 23
6.0 282 185 140 112 93.5 64.5 47.5 34.5
7.0 216 163 130 109 82 60 48
8.0 187 149 125 94 69 55
9.0 212 168 140 105 84 62
10.0 245 187 156 117 93 69
12.0 295 225 187 140 113 83
14.0 265 218 167 132 97
16.0 250 187 150 110
18.0 280 210 169 124
20.0 237 188 140
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29. Hydraulic Ram Pump
Components of Hydraulic Ram
A hydraulic ram installation consists of a supply, a drive pipe, the ram, a supply line and usually a storage
tank. These are shown in Figure 1. Each of these component parts is discussed below:
Supply. The intake must be designed to keep trash and sand out of the supply since these can plug up
the ram. If the water is not naturally free of these materials, the intake should be screened or a settling
basin provided. When the source is remote from the ram site, the supply line can be designed to conduct
the water to a drive pipe as shown in Figure 2. The supply line, if needed, should be at least one pipe
diameter larger than the drive pipe.
Drive pipe. The drive pipe must be made of a non-flexible material for maximum efficiency. This is
usually galvanized iron pipe, although other materials cased in concrete will work. In order to reduce head
loss due to friction, the length of the pipe divided by the diameter of the pipe should be within the range of
150-1,000. Table 2 shows the minimum and maximum pipe lengths for various pipe sizes.
Table 2. Range of Drive Pipe Lengths
for Various Pipe Diameters
Drive Pipe Size (mm)
Length (meters)
Minimum Maximum
13 2 13
20 3 20
25 4 25
30 4.5 30
40 6 40
50 7.5 50
80 12 80
100 15 100
The drive pipe diameter is usually chosen based on the size of the ram and the manufacturer's
recommendations as shown in Table 3. The length is four to six times the vertical fall.
Table 3. Drive Pipe Diameters by
Hydram Manufacturer's Size Number
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30. Hydraulic Ram Pump
Hydram Size 1 2 3 3.5 4 5 6
Pipe Size (mm) 32 38 51 63.5 76 101 127
Ram. Rams can be constructed using commercially available check valves or by fabricating check
valves. They are also available as manufactured units in various sizes and pumping capacities. Rams
can be used in tandem to pump water if one ram is not large enough to supply the need. Each ram must
have its own drive pipe, but all can pump through a common delivery pipe as shown in Figure 3.
In installing the ram, it is important that it be level, securely attached to an immovable base, preferably
concrete, and that the waste-water be drained away. The pump can-not operate when submerged. Since
the ram usually operates on a 24-hour basis the size can be determined for delivery over a 24-hour
period. Table 4 shows hydraulic ram capacities for one manufacturer's Hydrams.
Table 4. Hydram Capacity by Manufacturer's Size Number
Size of Hydram
1 2 3 3.5 4 5X 6X 5Y 6Y
Volume of Drive Water Needed
(liters/min)
7-16 12-25 27-55 45-96 68-137 136-270 180-410 136-270 180-410
Maximum Lift (m) 150 150 120 120 120 105 105 105
Delivery Pipe. The delivery pipe can be of any material that can withstand the water pressure. The size
of the line can be estimated using Table 5.
Table 5. Sizing the Delivery Pipe
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31. Hydraulic Ram Pump
Delivery Pipe Size (mm) Flow (liters/min)
30 6-36
40 37-60
50 61-90
80 91-234
100 235-360
Storage Tank. This is located at a level to provide water to the point of use. The size is based on the
maximum demand per day.
Sizing a Hydraulic Ram
A small community consists of 10 homes with a total of 60 people. There is a spring l0m lower than the
village which drains to a wash which is 15m below the spring. The spring produces 30,000 liters of water
per day. There is a location for a ram on the bank of the wash. This site is 5m higher than the wash and
35m from the spring. A public standpost is planned for the village 200m from the ram site. The lift
required to the top of the storage tank is 23m. The following are the steps in design.
Identify the necessary design factors:
1. Vertical fall is 10m.
2. Lift is 23m to top of storage tank.
3. Quantity of flow available equals 30,000 liters per day divided by 11,440 minutes per day
(30,000/11,440) = 20.8 liters per minute.
4. The quantity of water required assuming 40 liters per day per person as maximum use is 60 people x
40 liters per day = 2,400 liters per day.
2,400/1,440 = 1.66 liters per minute (use 2 liters per minute)
5. The length of the drive pipe is 35m.
6. The length of the delivery pipe is 200m.
The above data can be used to size the system. Using Table 1, for a fall of 10m and a lift of 80m, 117
liters can be pumped a day for each liter per minute supplied. Since 2,400 liters per day is required, the
number of liters per minute needed can be found by dividing 2,400 by 117:
2,400/117 = 20.5 liters per minute supply required.
From item 3 above, the supply available is 20.8 liters per minute so the source is sufficient.
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32. Hydraulic Ram Pump
Table 3 can now be used to select a ram size. The volume of driving water or supply needed is 20.5 liters
per minute. From Table 4, a No. 2 Hydram requires from 12 to 25 liters per minute. A No. 2 Hydram can
lift water to a maximum height of 250m according to Table 4. This will be adequate since the lift to the top
of the storage tank is 23m. Thus, a No. 2 Hydram would be selected.
Table 3 shows that for a No. 2 Hydram, the minimum drive pipe diameter is 38mm. Table 2 indicates that
the minimum and maximum length for a 40mm pipe (the closest size to 38mm) is 6m-40m. Since the
spring is 35m away, the length is all right. Table 5 can be used to select a delivery pipe 30mm in diameter
which fits the supply needed, 20.5 liters per minute.
This document is not copyrighted, so you are free to print and distribute it. However, we do request that
any such re-distribution be on a non-commercial basis only. Kindly reference US AID, 1982 as the author.
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Challenged
All About Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Utilizing the simple physical laws of inertia, the
hydraulic ram can pump water to a higher
point using just the energy of falling water.
The operation sequence is detailed with easy-
to-understand drawings. Drive pipe
calculations, use of a supply cistern, multiple
supply pipes, and much more are explained in
a clear, concise manner. The second half of
the booklet is devoted to detailed plans and
drawings for building your own 1" or 2" ram
pump. Constructed out of commonly available
cast iron and brass plumbing fittings, the
finished ram pump will provide years of low-
maintenance water pumping for a total cost of
$50 to $75. No tapping, drilling, welding,
special tools, or materials are needed. This
pump design requires a minimum flow of three
to four gallons per minute, and three to five
feet of fall. It is capable of lifting as much as
200' with sufficient volume and fall into the
pump. The final section of the booklet contains
a set-up and operation manual for the ram
pump. Paperback, 25 pages. USA.
All About Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Price: $9.95
Qty:
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0
35. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Prepared by:
Gregory D.Jennings
Agricultural Engineering Extension Specialist
Published by: North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service
Publication Number: EBAE 161-92
Last Electronic Revision: March 1996 (JWM)
A hydraulic ram (or water ram) pump is a simple, motorless device for pumping water at low flow
rates. It uses the energy of flowing water to lift water from a stream, pond, or spring to an elevated
storage tank or to a discharge point. It is suitable for use where small quantities of water are required
and power supplies are limited, such as for household, garden, or livestock water supply. A hydraulic
ram pump is useful where the water source flows constantly and the usable fall from the water source
to the pump location is at least 3 feet.
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36. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
Principles of Operation
Components of a hydraulic ram pump are illustrated in Figure 1. Its operation is based on converting the
velocity energy in flowing water into elevation lift. Water flows from the source through the drive pipe
(A) and escapes through the waste valve (B) until it builds enough pressure to suddenly close the waste
valve. Water then surges through the interior discharge valve (C) into the air chamber (D), compressing
air trapped in the chamber. When the pressurized water reaches equilibrium with the trapped air, it
rebounds, causing the discharge valve (C) to close. Pressurized water then escapes from the air chamber
through a check valve and up the delivery pipe (E) to its destination. The closing of the discharge valve
(C) causes a slight vacuum, allowing the waste valve (B) to open again, initiating a new cycle.
The cycle repeats between 20 and 100 times per minute, depending upon the flow rate. If properly
installed, a hydraulic ram will operate continuously with a minimum of attention as long as the flowing
water supply is continuous and excess water is drained away from the pump.
System Design
A typical hydraulic ram pump system layout is illustrated in Figure 2. Each of the following must be
considered when designing a hydraulic ram pump system:
1. available water source
2. length and fall of the drive pipe for channeling water from the source to the pump
3. size of the hydraulic ram pump
4. elevation lift from the pump to the destination
5. desired pumping flow rate through the delivery pipe to the destination.
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37. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
A hydraulic ram pump system is designed to deliver the desired pumping flow rate for a given elevation
lift. The range of available flow rates and elevation lifts is related to the flow quantity and velocity from
the water source through the drive pipe. The mathematical relationship for pumping flow rate is based
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38. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
upon the flow rate through the drive pipe, the vertical fall from the source through the drive pipe, and the
vertical elevation lift from the pump to the point of use. These variables are illustrated in Figure 2.
Equation 1 is used to calculate pumping rate:
where:
Q=pumping rate in gallons per day (gpd)
E=efficiency of a hydraulic ram pump installation, typically equal to 0.6
S=source flow rate through the drive pipe in gallons per minute (gpm)
L=vertical elevation lift from the pump to the destination in feet
F=vertical fall from the source through the drive pipe in feet.
To convert the p~umping rate expressed in gallons per day(gpd) to gallons per minute(gpm), divide by
1440. The following example illustrates an application of Equation 1.
Example.
A hydraulic ram will be used to pump water from a stream with an average flow rate of 20 gpm up to a
water tank located 24 feet vertically above the pump. The vertical fall through the drive pipe in the
stream to the pump is 4 feet. Assume a pumping efficiency of 0.6. What is the maximum pumping rate
from the hydraulic ram pump?
In this example, E = 0.6, S = 20 gpm, L = 24 feet, and F = 4 feet. The resulting pumping rate, Q, is
calculated as:
The maximum pumping rate delivered by the hydraulic ram pump operating under these conditions is
2880 gallons per day, or 2 gallons per minute.
The example shows how the pumping rate, Q, is directly related to the source flow rate, S. If S were to
double from 20 gpm to 40 gpm, the resulting pumping rate would also double to 5760 gpd, or 4 gpm.
The example also shows how the pumping rate, Q, is inversely related to the ratio of vertical elevation
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39. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
lift to vertical fall, L/F. If L were to double from 24 feet to 48 feet, the lift to fall ratio, L/F, would double
from 6 to 12. The resulting pumping rate would decrease by half to 1440 gpd, or 1 gpm.
Table 1 lists maximum pumping rates, Q, for a range of source flow rates, S, and lift to fall ratios, L/F,
calculated using Equation 1 with an assumed pumping efficiency, E, of 0.6. To illustrate the use of Table
1, consider a hydraulic ram system with S = 30 gpm, L = 150 feet, and F = 5 feet. The calculated lift to
fall ratio, L/F, is 30. The resulting value for Q is 864 gpd, or 0.6 gpm.
Table 1. Maximum pumping rates for a range of source flow rates and lift to fall ratios assuming a
pumping efficiency of 0.6.
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40. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
Hydraulic ram pumps are sized based upon drive pipe diameter. The size of drive pipe selected depends
upon the available source water flow rate. All makes of pumps built for a given size drive pipe use about
the same source flow rate. Available sizes range from 3/4-inch to 6-inch diameters, with drive pipe water
flow requirements of 2 to 150 gpm. Hydraulic ram pumps typically can pump up to a maximum of 50
gpm (72,000 gpd) with maximum elevation lifts of up to 400 feet.
Approximate characteristics of hydraulic ram pumps for use in selecting pumps are listed in Table 2. The
recommended delivery pipe diameter is normally half the drive pipe diameter. For the system described
in the example above, the available source water flow rate is 10 gpm. From Table 2, a pump with a 1-
inch drive pipe diameter and a 1/2-inch delivery pipe diameter is selected for this system.
Table 2. Hydraulic ram pump sizes and approximate pumping
characteristics.
Consult manufacturer's literature for specific pumping
characteristics.
-------Pipe Diameter------- ---------------Flow rate--------------
Min. Drive Min. Discharge Min. Required Source Maximum Pumping
-----------inches---------- ---------gpm-------- ------gpd------
3/4 1/2 2 1,000
1 1/2 6 2,000
1 1/2 3/4 14 4,000
2 1 25 7,000
2 1/2 1 1/4 35 10,000
3 1 1/2 60 20,000
6 3 150 72,000
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41. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
Installation
The location of the water source in relation to the desired point of water use determines how the
hydraulic ram pump will be installed. The length of drive pipe should be at least 5 times the vertical fall
to ensure proper operation. The length of delivery pipe is not usually considered important because
friction losses in the delivery pipe are normally small due to low flow rates. For very long delivery pipes
or high flow rates, friction losses will have an impact on the performance of the hydraulic ram pump. The
diameter of the delivery pipe should never be reduced below that recommended by the manufacturer.
To measure the available source water flow rate from a spring or stream, build a small earthen dam with
an outlet pipe for water to run through. Place a large bucket or barrel of known volume below the outlet
pipe, and measure the number of seconds it takes to fill the container. Then calculate the number of
gallons per minute flowing through the outlet. For example, if it takes 30 seconds to fill a 5-gallon
bucket, the available source water flow rate is 10 gpm. The lowest flow rates are typically in the summer
months. Measure the flow rate during this period to ensure that the year-round capacity of the system is
adequate.
Purchasing a System
Prices for hydraulic ram pumps range from several hundred to several thousand dollars depending on
size and performance characteristics. Contact manufacturers to determine prices and ordering
specifications. Send the information listed in Table 3 to the manufacturer to assist in sizing your system
properly.
Table 3: Information to provide to the manufacturer for sizing your
system.
1. Available water supply in gpm _________
2. Vertical fall in feet measured from the source
water level to the foundation on which the ram
pump will rest _________
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42. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
3. Distance from the water source to the ram
pump in feet _________
4. Vertical elevation lift in feet measured from
the ram pump foundation to the highest point to
which water is delivered ________
5. Distance from the ram pump to the destination tank
in feet _________
6. Desired pumping flow rate to the destination tank
in gpd _________
This fact sheet adapted from materials prepared by the California, Florida, and South Carolina
Cooperative Extension Services.
A partial list of hydraulic ram pump suppliers is below:
Columbia Hydraulic Ram
Skookum Co., Inc.
8524 N. Crawford St.
Portland, OR 97203
Blake Hydram
Ar & Do Sales Co.
4322 Mt. Vernon Rd. SE
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403
Pacific Hydro Corp.
400 Forbes Blvd.
San Francisco, CA 94080
Rife Hydraulic Engine Mfg. Co.
316 W. Poplar St.
PO Box 790
Norristown, PA 19401
C.W. Pipe, Inc.
PO Box 698
Amherst, VA 24521
Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Employment and
program opportunities are offered to all people regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or
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43. Hydraulic Ram Pumps EBAE 161-92
disability. North Carolina State University, North Carolina A&T State University, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, and local governments cooperating.
EBAE 161-93
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44. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP SYSTEM DESIGN AND APPLICATION
Dr. Abiy Awoke Tessema
Head, Equipment Design
Research, Development and Technology Adaptation Center
Basic Metals and Engineering Industries Agency, P.O. Box 1180, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ESME 5th Annual Conference on Manufacturing and Process Industry, September 2000
Reprinted with ESME permission by the African Technology Forum
ABSTRACT
Hydraulic ram pumps are water-lifting devices that are powered by filling water. Such pumps work by
using the energy of water falling a small height to lift a small part of that amount of water to a much
greater height. In this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley can be pumped to a village or
irrigation scheme on the hillside. The main and unique advantage of hydraulic ram pumps is that with
a continuous flow of water, a hydram pump operates automatically and continuously with no other
external energy source - be it electricity or hydrocarbon fuel. It uses a renewable energy source
(stream of water) mid hence ensures low running cost. It imparts absolutely no harm to the
environment Hydraulic ram pumps are simple, reliable and require minimal maintenance. All these
advantages make hydraulic ram pumps suitable to rural community water supply mud backyard
irrigation in developing countries. In this paper, different aspect of designing a hydraulic-rain pump
system is discussed. Application and limitation of hydraulic-ram pump is presented. Alternative
technologies which compete with hydraulic ram pump, are highlighted. Finally, the Research,
Development and Technology Adaptation Center (RDTAC) work on hydraulic-rain pump is presented
and discussed.
Introduction
Hydraulic Ram Pump System
Working Principle of Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Applications and Limitations of Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Considerations in Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design
Hydraulic Rain Pump Design Considerations
RDTAC's Work on Hydraulic Ram Pumps
Hydraulic Ram Pump Development Work of RDTAC
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Ram Pumps have been used for over two centuries in many parts of the world. Their simplicity and
reliability made them commercially successful, particularly in Europe, in the days before electrical
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45. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
power and the internal combustion engine become widely available. As technology advanced and
become increasingly reliant on sources of power derived from fossil fuels, the ram pump was
neglected. It was felt to have no relevance in an age of national electricity grids and large - scale water
supplies. Big had become beautiful and small-scale ram pump technology was unfashionable. In
recent years an increased interest in renewable energy devices and an awareness of the technological
needs of a particular market in developing countries have prompted a reappraisal of ram pumps. In
hilly areas with springs and streams, the potential for a simple and reliable pumping device is large.
Although there are some examples of successful ram pump installation in developing countries, their
use to date has merely scratched at the surface of their potential.
The main reason for this being, lack of wide spread local knowledge in the design and manufacture of
ram pumps. Hence, the wide spread use of ram pumps will only occur if there is a local manufacturer
to deliver quickly; give assistance in system design, installation, and provide an after-sales service.
HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP SYSTEM
Hydraulic Ram Pumps are water pumping devices that are powered by falling water. The pump works
by using the energy of a large amount of water falling a small height to lift a small amount of that
water to a much greater height. In this way, water from a spring or stream in a valley can be pumped
to a village or irrigation scheme on the hillside. Wherever a fall of water can be obtained, the ram
pump can be used as a comparatively cheap, simple and reliable means of raising water to
considerable heights.
The diagram in Fig. 1 shows all the main components of a hydraulic ram pump system. Water is
diverted from a flowing river or taken from intake structure of a spring. A drive tank is usually built
between the ram pump and the intake to insure constant flow of water to the ram pump. The ram pump
lifts part of the water coming through the drive pipe to a higher level at the delivery tank. A pump
house is built to protect the ram pump and fittings from theft or accidental damage.
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46. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
Fig. 1 Components of a Hydraulic Ram Pump Station
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMPS
Although hydraulic ram pumps come in a variety of shapes and sizes, they all have the same basic
components as shown in Fig. 2. The main parts of a ram pump are Hydram body, Waste value snifter
valve, delivery valve, air chamber and relief valve. Ram Pumps have a cyclic pumping action that
produces their characteristic beat during operation. The cycle can be divided into three phases;
acceleration, delivery and recoil.
Acceleration - When the waste valve is open, water accelerates down the drive pipe and discharges
through the open valve. As the flow increases it reaches a speed where the drag force is sufficient to
start closing the valve. Once it has begun to move, the valve closes very quickly.
Delivery - As the waste valve slams shut, it stops the flow of water through it. The water that has been
flowing in the drive pipe has considerable momentum which has to be dissipated. For a fraction of a
second, the water in the body of the pump is compressed causing a large~ surge in pressure. This type
of pressure rise is known as water hammer. As the pressure rises higher than that in the air chamber, it
forces water through the delivery valve (a non-return valve). The delivery valve stays open until the
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47. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
water in the drive pipe has almost completely slowed and the pressure in the pump body drops below
the delivery pressure. The delivery valve then closes, stopping any back flow from the air vessel into
the pump and drive pipe.
Fig. 2 Hydraulic Ram Pump
Recoil - The remaining flow in the drive pipe recoils against the closed delivery valve - rather like a
ball bouncing back. This causes the pressure in the body of the pump to drop low enough for the waste
vale to reopen. The recoil also sucks a small amount of air in through the snifter valve. The air sits
under the delivery valve until the next cycle when it is pumped with the delivery water into the air
vessel. This ensures that the air vessel stays full of air. When the recoil energy is finished, water
begins to accelerate down the drive pipe and out through the open waste valve, starting the cycle
again. Throughout the cycle the pressure in the air vessel steadily forces water up the delivery pipe.
The air vessel smoothes the pulsing in flow through the delivery valve into an even outflow up the
delivery pipe. The pumping cycle happens very quickly, typically 40 to 120 times per minute.
During each pumping cycle only a very small amount of water is pumped. However, with cycle after
cycle continuing over 24 hours, a significant amount of water can be lifted. While the ram pump is
operating, the water flowing out the waste valve splashes onto the floor or the pump house and is
considered' waste' water. The term' waste' water needs to be understood. Although waste' water is not
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48. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
delivered by the ram pump, it is the energy of this water that pumps the water which is delivered.
APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMPS
For any particular site, there are usually a number of potential water lifting options. Choosing between
them involves consideration of many different factors. Ram pumps in certain conditions have many
advantages over other forms of water-lifting, but in others, it can be completely inappropriate. The
main advantages of ram pumps are:
q Use of a renewable energy source ensuring low running cost
q Pumping only a small proportion of the available flow has little environmental impact
q Simplicity and reliability give a low maintenance requirement
q There is good potential for local manufacture in the rural villages
q Automatic, continuous operation requires no supervision or human input.
The main limitations are:
q They are limited in hilly areas with a year-round water sources
q They pump only a small fraction of the available flow and therefore require source flows larger
than actual water delivered
q Can have a high capital cost in relation to other technologies
q Are limited to small-scale applications, usually up to 1kW, but this requires economical and
other considerations.
Specific situations in which other technologies may prove more appropriate are:
q In terrain where streams are falling very rapidly, it may be possible to extract water at a point
above the village or irrigation site and feed it under gravity.
q If the water requirement is large and there is a large source of falling water (head and flow rate)
nearby, turbine-pump sets can provide the best solution. Many ram pumps could be used in
parallel to give the required output but at powers over 2kW, turbine-pump systems are normally
cheaper.
q In small-scale domestic water supply, the choice can often be between using a ram pump on a
stream or using cleaner groundwater. Surface water will often need to be filtered or treated for
human consumption, increasing the cost of a system and requiring regular filter maintenance.
Under these conditions, to select a hydram pump, economical considerations compared to other
technologies has to be looked at.
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49. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
CONSIDERATIONS IN HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP SYSTEM DESIGN
The following factors need to be considered in hydraulic Ram pump system design.
q Area suitability (head and flow rate)
q Flow rate and head requirement
q Floods consideration
q Intake design
q Drive system
q Pump house location
q Delivery pipes routing
q Distribution system
For these considerations reference 1 is a good guide.
HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
q Manufacturing considerations - A choice between casting and welding method of manufacture
has to be made. Cast ram pumps are less susceptible to corrosion and have longer life. On the
other hand, cast ram pumps are costly and cannot be made in a simple rural setting workshop.
Usually, for low and medium sized ram pumps welding method of manufacture is preferred
because of simplicity and less cost.
q Maintenance and service life considerations - The critical parts that require frequent
maintenance are bolts, studs and nuts. Therefore, it is usually preferable to have stainless steel
bolts, studs and nuts, even though they are costly and difficult to source.
q Material availability
q General considerations
r Shape of hydram has little effect on performance
r Valve design considerations. The correct design of valves is a critical factor in the overall
performance of ram pumps. Hence, this needs special consideration.
r Strength considerations. This determines thickness of hydram body and air chamber.
r Others - such as size of air chamber, size of valves, tuning devices need special
considerations. Reference 2 is a good guide for design of hydraulic rain pump
dimensions.
RDTAC'S WORK ON HYDRAULIC RAM PUMPS
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50. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
Adami-Tulu Hydraulic Ram Pump Maintenance - During performance follow up of hand pumps
developed by RDTAC and installed around Ziway, a station of hydraulic ram pumps which were
installed about forty years ago were discovered. Five hydraulic ram pumps in this station were used to
supply water to a ranch located about 20 km away. However, the then status of the pumps was that
only one out of five pumps was operational. The following parts of the hydram pump station were in
need of maintenance.
q Drive pipe - The drive pipes of the hydram station were 6" galvanized steel pipe. These drive
pipes, due to long years of service, have been corroded and leak at many points. The drive pipes
were replaced by new galvanized steel pipes. Flanged connections were made for ease of
maintenance.
q Threaded parts of the hydram body (see Fig. 3). - The threaded parts of the hydram body were
out of use due to corrosion. As a result, this required re-threading of the hydram body for fixing
valve parts securely.
Fig. 3 Hydraulic Ram Pump Body
q Bolts, studs and nuts - These elements are the ones which had been replaced often during the
service life of hydrams. Hence, the studs were made out of stainless steel and others were
electro-galvanized for longer maintenance free operation.
q Waste valve perforated disk (see Fig. 4) - This part is made of bronze to prolong its life against
corrosion. However, it was discovered that it is damaged mostly due to wear. The part needed
to be cast out of bronze, machined and drilled. The bronze casting was made by subcontracting
it to private foundries. Casting of the part without cavitation (porosity) had been a difficult task.
The valve needed to be re-cast again and again to get it to acceptable quality standard.
q Waste valve-retaining ring (see Fig. 4) - Some of the retaining ring was broken due to repeated
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51. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
fatigue loading and corrosion. Hence, they were replaced as new.
q Rubber parts - Besides bolts and nuts, these parts were the ones which needed to be replaced
often. When found, all the delivery and waste valve rubber parts were damaged due to wear and
tear. To manufacture them, a rubber mold was designed and manufactured. Addis Tyre
Enterprise made the rubber valve parts to the required standard using the molds.
Fig. 4 Waste Valve, Retainer Ring and Rubber Parts of Adami-Tulu Hydraulic Ram Pump
q Other - Parts such as diversion canal gate, header pipes, intake valves were re-designed and
manufactured.
The hydram pumps after renovated successfully are shown in Fig. 5.
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52. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
Fig.5 Renovated Adami-Tulu Hydraulic Ram Pumps
HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP DEVELOPMENT WORK OF RDTAC
Design - The design of hydraulic ram pump developed by RDTAC is shown in Fig. 2. The pump was
4" drive pipe designed to supply 80 litre/mm at a head of 45 m. This is sufficient for a village of 500
people and their cattle. In the design, casting technology was preferred for the main parts of the
hydraulic ram pump for resistance to corrosion and long term maintenance free operation. Parts which
are more prone to failure as a result of corrosion were made out of stainless steel or bronze based on
experience obtained from the Adami-Tulu hydram maintenance project. Bolts and nuts were designed
to be electro-galvanized. Parts of the hydram, the body, elbow and air chamber were made in separate
pieces to facilitate easy handling during transportation and machining operation. Provisions for stroke
and weight adjustment has been incorporated. The waste valve was designed for simple and less costly
manufacturing method.
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53. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
Fig. 6 RDTAC's Hydram installed At Adami-Tulu
Manufacturing - The hydraulic ram pump parts were manufactured in the RDTAC workshop,
RADEL Foundry Pvt. Ltd. Company, Addis Tyre Enterprise and Gelan-Metal Products Factory.
RADEL made all the casting parts. Addis Tyre Enterprise has made all rubber parts by moulds
manufactured in RDTAC. Gelan Metal Products Factory performed electro-galvanization on bolts,
studs and nuts. All the machining and welding of the hydraulic ram pump parts were made in RDTAC.
Installation - The hydraulic ram pump was installed in the pump house of Adami-Tulu hydraulic ram
pump with the permission of the Abernosa Ranch (see Fig. 6). Existing civil work such as diversion
canal, drive tank and pump house at Adami-Tulu was used for the project. This has resulted in
considerable financial, time and labor saving. A delivery pipe of 2" was installed for 0.8 km from the
pump house to a reservoir tank which is located in Dodicha Woreda (Oromia Region, Arsi Zone).
Performance - By now, the hydraulic ram pump successfully provides water for drinking and
backyard irrigation. See Fig. 7.
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54. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
Fig.7 Water Supply System at Dodicha Woreda, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region from RDTAC's
Hydram
CONCLUSION
The following conclusions can be made from RDTAC's project work on Hydraulic Ram pumps.
q There is broad prospect of utilizing the country's abundant surface water run off potential for
various purposes or requirements using locally designed and manufactured hydraulic ram
pumps and other similar appropriate technologies.
q To disseminate hydrams at potential sites throughout the country, there is a need to create
awareness through training and seek integrated work with rural community, government
institutions like water, energy and mines bureau of local regions and non-governmental
organizations.
q Hydraulic Ram pumps made by casting have many advantages, but they could be expensive. In
addition, considering the cost of civil work and pipe installation, the initial investment could be
very high. To reduce cost of hydrams made by casting, there is a need for standardization.
Standardizing hydram pump size will also have an advantage to reduce cost of spare parts and
facilitate their easy access when they are needed.
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55. Hydraulic Ram Pump System Design and Application
q The use of appropriate means of treating river water should be looked at in conjunction with
any development project of domestic water supply using hydrams.
Acknowledgement
RDTAC would like to take the opportunity to express its sincere appreciation to the Ethiopian Science
and Technology Commission for the unreserved assistance and encouragement rendered.
REFERENCES
1. Jeffery, T. D., "Hydraulic Ram Pumps - A Guide to Ram Pumps Water Supply System",
Intermediate Technology Publications, 1992.
2. Teferi Taye, "Hydraulic Ram Pump", Journal of the Ethiopian Society of Mechanical Engineers,
Vol. II, No. l, July 1998.
Go back to the updated ATF site or to the main ATF home page at MIT.
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56. Picture Gallery
Search the web with Hotbot Build an online Photo Album
!!!Warning: This page may take a moment to download!!!
Please be patient!
My Collection!
These are some of my pump collection!
Click on the thumbnails to view the full size pictures!
1. 2.
3. 4. 5.
These are just a few of my collection. They are several
different kinds and sizes.
1.This is a #2 3/4 Inch Davey Ram.
2.This is a #3 1 Inch ram, origin unknown.
3.This is a #4 1 1/4 Inch Humphryes.
4.This is a #3 1 Inch Davey Ram.
5.This is a #3 1 Inch ram, origin unkown.
This page is Under Construction, so come on back in a day or two!
LINKS to other sites!:
My home page
The history of the Hydraulic Ram
How water rams work
All About Pumps Ram Page
http://members.tripod.com/~dburger/pictures (1 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:43:05 PM]
57. Picture Gallery
All About Pumps Pump Glossary Page
Back to my Home Page
http://members.tripod.com/~dburger/pictures (2 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:43:05 PM]
58. Ram Pump (from Internet Glossary of Pumps)
Ram Pump
Ram Pumps only have two moving parts, making them virtually maintenance-free.
Water enters the lower of two chambers through a pipe from an elevated water source.
This pipe must be relatively long and thick so that significant force (inertia) is developed
as the water moves down it to the chamber.
As water rushes in it starts the pump. The chamber fills and the ESCAPE VALVE (on
the left here) shuts. The DELIVERY VALVE to the AIR DOME opens.
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59. Ram Pump (from Internet Glossary of Pumps)
The momentum of the rushing water pushes some water into the air dome and
compresses the air that partially fills that chamber. When the pressure is great enough it
opposes the force of the incoming water and the second valve drops shut.
After the delivery valve shuts, air pressure pushes water up the outlet pipe. In the first
chamber, all valves are closed and no water can move, so the escape valve drops open
and the cycle begins to repeat, about once a second.
This is an ideal pump when a plentiful water source is available. Roughly 3/4's of the
water that passes through the system exits via the escape valve.
(This is
a still
representation and possibly also a low-resolution image of a pump which is fully animated
in the CD-ROM version of this glossary.)
Related Material Outside this Web Site:
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60. Ram Pump (from Internet Glossary of Pumps)
The Ram Company.
Manufacturers of several non-electric pumping solutions.
The Ram Company
1-800-227-8511 (Virginia)
512 Dillard Hill Road
Lowesville, VA 22967
Email: rhfleming@theramcompany.com
Grove Enterprises, Inc.
Distributors for Atlas Publications, who have published a book by Don. R. Wilson called
All About Hydraulic Ram Pumps -- How and Where They Work (ISBN 0-9631526-2-9).
It describes how to design, build, and install a simple, efficient hydraulic ram pump.
Rife Hydraulic Engine Mfg. Co., Inc. is the manufacturer of the DAVEY ram pump
shown above. They have been manufacturing "water pumps and related products" since
1884 and have a wide variety of sizes and models to choose from.
They are located at:
Line & Grove Streets / PO Box 95
Nanticoke, PA 18634
Tel 570-740-1100 Fax 570-740-1101
1-800-RIFE-RAM (orders only please)
Email Rife at: info@riferam.com
B & L Associated Industries / B& L Ram Pumps
Has "been manufacturing rams since 1989"... "The B& L Hydro-Ram is an efficient,
lightweight, dependable and inexpensive hydraulic ram pump made possible by modern
technology. It works on the same principles of physics that enabled its cumbersome
predecessors to water the farmlands of Europe, the Mid-East and Asia over the past two
hundred plus years." (They have a lovely animation of a ram pump at their web site!) B
& L Associated Industries is located in Rusk, TX and ships their pumps worldwide.
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61. Ram Pump (from Internet Glossary of Pumps)
Phone: (903) 743-5555
Fax: (903) 743-5556
Email Bill Tosh at: "Bill Tosh" <billt@eastex.net>
Donald Burger, collector of Hydraulic Water Rams. (Unfortunately, this site appears to
be inaccessible at this time). Mr. Burger's site contains additional links to other sites with
more information about these marvelous pumps.
GREEN AND CARTER
www.greenandcarter.com
The Vulcan Hydraulic Ram Pump is still their only
product -- after more than 200 years. As noted on their
web site, they were "the inventors and patentees of the
hydraulic ram principle in 1774". Green and Carter now
make over 60 varieties of Vulcan Hydraulic Ram Pumps,
including models that can pump water to heads of over
1000 feet, with drive pipe sizes of 3/4 of an inch (1.9cm)
to 30 inches (76.2cm) (or more to order). According to the Green and Carter
web site: "Units are heavily constructed of cast iron and gunmetal. There is no
substitute for this material. Imitators use plastics (which are subject to UV
degradation), steel (which corrodes) and nylon seals and O-rings which
become useless with the slightest wear."
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62. Ram Pump (from Internet Glossary of Pumps)
CD-ROM -- only $59.95!
q This Glossary is a part of a complete educational tutorial about pumps!
q Mechanical pumps are the second most common machine in the world (after electric motors).
q Most people are unfamiliar with how the many different kinds of pumps work!
q Call us toll free to order the program on CD-ROM! Satisfaction Guaranteed!
q Written, animated, and programmed by:
Russell D. Hoffman, Owner and Chief Programmer, The Animated Software Company
q Click here for more information!
Catalog / Site Map / Company Home page / Contact / Product Home Page
Last modified Nov., 2004
Webmaster: Russell D. Hoffman
Copyright (c) Russell D. Hoffman
http://www.animatedsoftware.com/pumpglos/ram_pump.htm (5 of 5) [1/13/2005 12:43:09 PM]
63. Motorless Water Pump--Gravi-Chek
THE MOTORLESS
WATER PUMP
The Gravi-Chek pump is the newest technology available in
the ram pump industry (patent # 4,911,613). This pump is
designed to supply water up-hill without a motor: the force of
water flowing down into the pump provides all the energy
needed.
The Gravi-Chek pumps have been tested by the Center for Irrigation Technology at the California
Agricultural Technology Institute. There are three models available, providing water at rates from
20 to 16,000 gallons per day, depending on the installation.
Easy to use:
q Lightweight (35 lbs. or less), easy to carry
and install in remote areas.
q Quick start up, no energy costs.
q Little or no maintenance.
Efficient and powerful:
q Running water supplies pumping energy.
q Durable, only two moving parts.
q Made from tempered marine aluminum.
We welcome all inquiries from potential dealers and Distributors
Contact Informaton
Address:
CBG Enterprises
A Carlson & Beauloye Co.
2143 Newton Ave.
San Diego CA 92113
USA
Telephone:
(619) 234-2256
(619) 232-5719
(619) 234-2095 (Fax)
E-mail:
information@gravi-chek.com
sales@gravi-chek.com
support@gravi-chek.com
[Home] [About] [Installation] [How It Works] [Models] [En Espanol]
http://www.gravi-chek.com/ (1 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:43:10 PM]
65. AEE update/title>
Power to the People
Alternative Energy Engineering
We are in the process of updating our web site.
www.alt-energy.com
Please update your bookmarks to our home page
address and check back later.
http://www.asis.com/aee/catalog/waterpoweredpumps.html [1/13/2005 12:43:12 PM]
66. AEE Renewable Energy Supersource
Put 26 Years of Renewable Energy
Expertise to Work for You!
Founded in 1979 as Alternative Energy Engineering, AEE Solar
Supersource serves the dealer trade with:
The industry's widest selection of solar, wind and
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Personal, friendly, prompt customer service
If you are already an AEE dealer, AEE Store login here. If not,
read more about AEE — and how and why to become an AEE
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ONLINE ORDERING
IS HERE!
Use "Dealer Login" above to
order online!
Contact AEE for Login credentials.
Welcome to Our New Website.
q Please note and bookmark
our new URL:
www.aeesolar.com
q
We've also revised our name
and updated our look.
Watch for featured sale items in
this space soon!
Home | About AEE | Become a Dealer | End-Users | Our Partners | Catalog | Dealer Login | Links | Site Map | Privacy Policy |
Contact Us
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67. Aquatic Eco-Systems - Aquaculture Supplies and service for over 25 years.
Aeration
Algae & Zooplankton
Culture
Chemicals
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Reference
Tanks
For suggestions, questions,
problems contact the
webmaster
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> Slimline design.
> Simulates 24-hour cycle.
> Includes SunPaq™ lamps.
click here for more info
About Aquatic Eco-Systems
Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. is the world’s largest distributor of aquatic equipment
and supplies. In business for over 25 years, AES carries over 13,000 items for:
> Aquaculture
> Lake and Wastewater Aeration
> Toxicology and Biopharmaceutical Research
> Public Aquariums and Zoological Exhibits
> Water Gardens and Koi Ponds
> Hydroponics and Aquaponics
> Bait and Seafood Holding
We take pride in stocking a complete inventory of the lowest-priced products in
the industry, as well as a reputation for shipping most items on the same day they
are ordered. A full staff of biologists and technicians is available to answer
customers' questions, ranging from help on choosing the right product for a
certain application to sizing and designing a complete aquaculture or water
garden system.
FREE With any Web Purchase Over $30
Don't hold a flashlight, use your head! Would you
like to use both of your hands while working in the
dark? click here for more info
1. Tropical Lamp,
15" - 14W
2. Gauge, 15 psi,
installed
3. pH Tester w/ATC
4. Commercial Duty
Hose, 1"
5. Clear Glass
Boston Bottles,
1000 ml/32 oz
Clearance Items
AES's Aquatic Eco
Depot helps clear the
shelf of inventory
overstocks. Find great
bargains on aquarium
supplies today.
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68. Aquatic Eco-Systems - Aquaculture Supplies and service for over 25 years.
Premier Buys
XE30 - Gen-X
Magnetic Drive Pump
- 825 gph
AZ80136 - Wheat
Germ, 1 kg (2.2 lbs)
PD1 - Floating De-
icer, 1500W
NEW Catalog for 2005!
Our new 2005 master
catalog is packed with
AES supplies and Tech
Talks. Order the
World's Largest
Selection of Aquatic
Tools today.
Cart | Check Out | Quick Buy | About Us | Contact | Downloads | Technical Services | Specials
http://www.aquaticeco.com/index.cfm (2 of 2) [1/13/2005 12:43:24 PM]
69. Real Goods - Folk Ram Pumps
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Folk Ram Pumps
The Folk is the most durable and most efficient ram
pump available. It is solidly built of rustproof cast
aluminum alloy and uses all stainless steel hardware.
With minimal care, it will probably outlast your
grandchildren. It is more efficient because it uses a
diaphragm in the air chamber, preventing loss of air
charge, and eliminating the need for a snifter valve
in the intake that cuts efficiency.
Folk rams require a minimum of 2 gpm and 3 feet of drive pipe fall to operate. The largest units can
accept up to 75 gpm, and a maximum of 50 feet of drive pipe fall. Delivery height can be up to 15 times
the drive fall, or a maximum of 500 feet lift. The drive pipe should be galvanized Schedule 40 steel, and
the same size the entire length. Recommended drive pipe length is 24 feet for 3 feet of fall, with an
additional 3 feet length for each additional one foot of fall. Be absolutely sure you have enough water to
meet the minimum gpm requirements of the ram you choose. Rams will stop pumping and simply dump
water if you can’t supply the minimum gpm.
To estimate delivery volume, multiply fall in feet times supply in gpm, divide by delivery height in feet,
then multiply by 0.61. Example: a ram with 5 gpm supply, a 20-foot drive pipe fall, and delivering to a
tank 50 feet higher. 20ft x 5gpm ÷ 50ft x 0.61 = 2.0gpm x 0.61 = 1.22gpm, or 1,757 gallons per day
delivery. Warranted by manufacturer for one year. USA.
All Folk Rams are drop-shipped via UPS from the manufacturer in Georgia.
Folk Ram Pump 1"
Price: $795.00
Qty:
Folk Ram Pump 1-1/4"
Price: $795.00
Qty:
Folk Ram Pump 1-1/2"
Price: $795.00
Qty:
Folk Ram Pump 2"
Price: $1,095.00
Qty:
Folk Ram Pump 2-1/2"
Price: $1,095.00
Qty:
Folk Ram Pump 3"
Price: $1,095.00
Qty:
Comparison Table(s):
Folk Ram Pump Capacity
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