The document outlines a minor project focused on creating a hydraulic robotic arm, detailing its objectives, components, and applications within robotics. It covers essential topics such as fluid power, hydraulic systems, and the practical uses of robots in various fields. The project aims to fabricate a functional model while promoting further exploration in robotics through enhancements like automation and AI.

1. HYDRAULIC ROBOT ARM
Made by:
1.Shambhu Kumar (1401041)
2.Praveen Kumar (1401042)
Project Supervisor:
Dr. Sharifuddin Mondal
MINOR PROJECT

2. AGENDA
• Introduction to Robotics
• Fluid Power
• Hydraulic Liquids
• Hydraulic Lines an Fitting
• Hydraulic Cylinders
• Grippers
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Aim of the Project
• What are robots?
• Necessity of Robots
• Applications of Robots

4. Aim of the Project
• The aim of the project is to fabricate a hydraulic based model
of a robotic Arm capable of doing motion and lifting objects.
• To use the daily stationary and household items to fabricate
our model.
• To get an Insight in the world of robotics and make a base for
the future projects.
• To design a self dependent Hydraulic Robot arm system in
summer vacations by improving the current model.

5. Robotics
• Robot is a machine capable of
carrying out a complex series of
actions automatically, especially
one programmable by a computer
• Can be autonomous or
semiautonomous.
• The branch which deals in the
design and development is
Robotics
Ref. Honda

6. Applications:-
• Robots found applications in Military, commercial industries,
Medical Field, Education, Service sector , Space Engg. etc.
Military Applications Medical Applications
Ref. Google Images

7. Robotic arm
Robotic arm changing fuel rods at Nuclear
power plants
• Mechanical arm, usually programmable and having functions similar to Human
arm
• Found applications like pick and place, access uneven surfaces
and hazardous environments
Robotic arm deploying payload
from space shuttle

8. Fluid Power
• Fluids has got enormous power from dam to machines that can lift
bridges.
Ref. Google Images
• It can be harnessed in robotic arm with the help of hydraulics
• The application of Hydraulics ranges from Industries to
agriculture.

9. Pascal’s Law
• A change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is
transmitted through the fluid so that same change occurs everywhere.
• Pascal Law is used in car lifters and
is the basic principle for all fluid
power machines
Mathematically,
P1 =P2
F1 /A1= F2 / A2
Hence,
F2 =F1 *(A2 /A1)
If , A1 <<< A2
Then, F2 > F1

10. Hydraulic Fluids
• Hydraulic Fluids are the medium by which
power is transferred in hydraulic machinery.
• Desirable properties
1. Viscosity
2. Lubricating power
3. Chemical Stability
4. Freedom from acidity
5. Minimum Toxicity
6. Cleanliness
• Types :
Petroleum Based
Synthetic Fire Resistant
Water based fire Resistant
Brake Fluid is also a Hydraulic Fluid

11. Hydraulic Cylinder
• Mechanical actuator used to give unidirectional force through unidirectional
stroke.
Cutaway portion of a Welded Body Hydraulic Cylinder
Main Parts:
• Cylinder Barrel
• Cylinder Base or Cap
• Cylinder Head
• Piston
• Piston rod
• Rod Gland
• Syringes has been used as the hydraulic cylinder for our project.
Tie Rod Cylinder

12. Hydraulic Lines and Fittings
• Provides a medium of
transfer of fluid power
from one point to another
in the system.
• Types of Lines
1. Pipe (Rigid)
2. Tubing (Semi Rigid)
3. Hose (Flexible)
• Materials Used are
Steel – Strength, Cost Effective and adaptability to high pressures.
Copper - High resistance to corrosion
Aluminum – Non corrosive, easily to draw or bent,Low weight
Rubber and composites
• In our project we have used plastic ducts to transfer fluid power.

13. Grippers:
• Used to grasp and hold objects,
usually the work piece.
• The applications include machine
loading and unloading,
picking parts from a conveyer and
arranging the parts.
• Types of grippers:
1.Mechanical
2. Adhesive
3. Hooks, Scoops etc.
4. Vaccum Cups
5. Magnetic Grippers A simple Robotic Gripper design

14. Conclusion
• Our design uses simple ideas and mechanisms to achieve the motion.
• Such Hydraulic robot arms may be costlier for small scale industries but
it’s cost can be justified with increased production rates.
• Current Robotic Arm Hardware need many improvements in design and
fabrication .It is just a proof of concept.
• Innovations/Improvements
--- use of microcontroller and a compressor to automate the hand
operation
--- Machine Vision and AI can be used to make the arm self dependent
and perform the task without any human intervention.
--- An innovative design involve jaws that change their orientation
to the shape of the object.

15. References
• http://sciencekit.com/teacher-geek-hydraulics-pneumatics/c/1091955/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_cylinder
• http://enginemechanics.tpub.com/14105/
• http://www.howstuffworks.com/transport/enginesequipment/hydraulic.ht
m
• A text book of Fluid Mechanics by R.K. Bansal
• All images were taken from Google Images

16. Thank
You