The document discusses hydroelectric power generation from hydropower plants. It provides information on the basic components and classifications of hydropower plants, as well as the various types of water turbines used. Examples are given of large hydropower dams from around the world, classified by generation capacity, storage capacity, and height. Key information included are the locations, specifications, and generation capacities of major international hydropower facilities.

1. Govt. PolitechnicGovt. Politechnic
Name:- Rudra Narayan Deo
Branch:- Mechanical
Semistar:- 6th
Rool no:- F15112004039

3.  In hydroelectric power station potential
and kinetic energy of stored water is
converted into electric energy .
 For hydro power station factors like
rainfall,steam flow available head and
storage facilities are studied.
 25% of electricity generation capacity in
world is provided by hydel power plant.
 In the countries like Norvey 99%
electricity is produced by
hydelpowerplant.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

4.  4% of the total hydel energy potential in world
is in India.
 In India 25.32% of total electricity generation
capacity is produced by hydel power plant.
 As per rocords of March-2000 23,816 MW
electricity was generated by hydel power plant.
 It is increasing day by day because of the
institutes like National Hydro Power
Corporation Limited(NHPCL).

6. PURPOSES OF MULTIPURPOSEPURPOSES OF MULTIPURPOSE
HYDROPROJECTHYDROPROJECT
For irrigation of agricultural land.
For navigation.
For fisheries and tourism.
For flood control.
For civil water supply.
For generation of electricity.

7. BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWERBASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER
PLANTPLANT
• Reservoir
• Dam
• Trace rack
• For bay
• Surge tank
• Penstock
• Spillway
• Turbine
• Powerhouse

8. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDELCLASSIFICATION OF HYDEL
POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT

9. • According to availability of water:-
a) Run of river plant without pondage
b) Run-off river plant with pondage
c) Storage plant
d) Pump storage plant
• According to head :-
a) Low head plant
b) Medium head plant
c) High head plant
• According to load :-
a) Base load plant
b) Peak load plant

10. • According to plant capacity:-
a) Microhydal plant (upto 5 MW )
b) Medium capacity plant ( 5-100 MW )
c) High capacity plant (100 MW )
d) super plant ( above 100 MW )
• According to place of power house:-
a) Surface power house plant
b) Under ground power house plant
• According to turbine specific speed:-
a) High specific speed plant
b) Medium specific speed plant
c) Low specific speed plant

11. WATER TURBINES USED IN HYDELWATER TURBINES USED IN HYDEL
POWER PLANTPOWER PLANT
 PELTON TURBINE
 FRANCIS TURBINE
 KAPLAN TURBINE

12. PELTON WHEELPELTON WHEEL

13. KAPLAN TURBINEKAPLAN TURBINE

14. ADVANTAGES OF HYDEL POWER PLANTADVANTAGES OF HYDEL POWER PLANT
• This plant is free from pollution.
• Its operation and maintenance cost is less.
• It has no stand by losses.
• Unit cost of power is less.
• Hydraulic turbines can be started speedily.
• The plant has longer service life.
• No fuel is required.
• No change in efficiency with the age.

15. Disadvantages of hydel power plantDisadvantages of hydel power plant
• Initial cost of dam and plant is high.
• The availability of power from it is not
much reliable.
• Loss of forest creates environmental
problems.
• Due to evaporation , considerable water is
lost.
• Time required for construction of
hydroproject is more.

16. AUXILIARIES ATTACHED WITHAUXILIARIES ATTACHED WITH
HYDEL POWER PLANT.HYDEL POWER PLANT.
(A)Electrical
instruments
• Generator
• Exciter,transformer
s
• Switch gears
• Other instruments
of control room
(B)Mechanical
instruments
• Shaft
coupling,journal
bearings,thrust
bearings
• Lubricating oil
system
• Cooling system
• Brake system for
generator-turbine
shaft

17. Overview of sardar sarovarOverview of sardar sarovar
• PLACE:- On Narmada river,
Kevadia( Narmada district ) 100 km
away from Baroda.
• DAM:- Height-138.68m
Length-1210 m concrete.
Max.surface of river-140.21m
• RESERVOIR:-378 square kms,
lingth:214km
width: 16.1km

18. • TURBINE:-
(A) River head power house :-
-- 6 x 200 =1200 MW capacity
-- Reservoir Turbine, made in
Japan.
(B) For canal head power house:-
-- 5 x 50 =250 MW capacity
-- Kaplan turbines are used.

19. STATE
DISTRIBUTION
IN MILLION
ACRE FOOT
Madhyapradesh 18.25
Gujarat 9.00
Maharashtra 0.25
Rajsthan 0.50
Water distribution in sardar
sarovar

20. Overview of Hydroelectric projectOverview of Hydroelectric project
ukaiukai
• PLACE :- On the river Tapi, near Ukai, Surat.
• DAM :- ~Lenth: 868.83 m concrete dam.
~Height: 68.58m
~4057.96m dam of soil.
• RESERVOIR :-
~120 km length and average 5 km
width.
~capacity: 6.078 MAFT (million act fit)

21. • SPILLWAY:- ~Length:1529m
~Width : 259m
~Depth :18.29m
• PENSTOCK:- ~Diameter :7.01m
~Thickness : 18 to
22mm
~Length : 60 m
• TURBINE:- ~Manufacturer: BHEL
~ Head : 47.8rated.
~Power :75 MW

22. Lets see few of the
International Hydel
Power Plant Dam…

23. Arch Dam
Monticello Dam impounds Putah Creek west of Sacramento,
California. The solid concrete structure stands 93 m (304 ft) tall.
The dam’s arched upstream face transfers some of the pressure
from its reservoir, Lake Berryessa, onto the walls of the canyon.

24. Kariba Arch Dam
The Kariba Dam lies along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The facility controls flooding and supplies hydroelectric power to both
countries. A public road traces the rim of the dam, between reservoir
Lake Kariba and the drop to the Zambezi River. The distinct arch shape
distributes pressure evenly on the overall structure of the dam.

25. G and P Corrigan/Robert Harding Picture Library
Hoover Dam
The Hoover Dam is an arch-gravity dam on the Colorado River.
Its reservoir, Lake Mead, lies between the states of Arizona and
Nevada. As an arch-gravity dam, it depends on its shape and its
own weight for stability.

26. Lake Mead
Lake Mead, a vast artificial lake, straddles the border between Arizona
and Nevada. The lake was formed by the construction of the Hoover
Dam on the Colorado River. During wet periods, it stores excess water
until it is needed. Lake Mead has also become a popular area for
boating and other recreational activities.

27. •Buttress dams fall into two basic categories:
1.Flat slab and
2.Multiple arch.
•Flat slab buttress dams have a flat upstream face.
•These dams are sometimes called Ambursen dams in recognition of
Nils Ambursen, the Norwegian-born American engineer who
popularized them in the early 20th century.
•An example of a flat slab buttress dam is the Stony Gorge Dam, which
crosses Stony Creek near Orland, California.
• It stands 42 m (139 ft) tall, stretches 264 m (868 ft) long, and contains
33,000 cubic meters (43,100 cubic yards) of concrete.

28. Flat Slab Buttress Dam
Lake Tahoe Dam impounds the Truckee River in northern California. Like all
flat slab buttress dams, it has a flat slab upstream face supported by a
series of buttresses on the downstream side. Lake Tahoe Dam measures
5.5 m (18 ft) tall and 33 m (109 ft) long. It was completed in 1913 to raise
the water level in Lake Tahoe, a natural lake, to provide additional water
for crop irrigation.

29. •Multiple arch buttress dams feature an upstream face formed by a
series of arches.
•The arches rest on top of buttresses that extend down to the
foundation.
•Bartlett Dam, on the Verde River near Phoenix, Arizona, is a multiple
arch dam.
•It stands 94 m (309 ft) high, stretches 244 m (800 ft) long, and
contains nearly 140,000 cubic meters (182,000 cubic yards) of
concrete.

30. Multiple Arch Dam
Bartlett Dam impounds the Verde River northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. Like
all multiple arch dams, Bartlett Dam makes use of a series of arches
supported by buttresses to withstand the pressure of the water in its
reservoir, Bartlett Lake. Each of the dam’s 10 concrete arches has a 7-m
(24-ft) radius and measures 2 m (7 ft) at the base and just 0.6 m (2 ft) at
the crest. The thick base provides additional strength at the bottom of the
reservoir, where the water pressure is most intense.

31. Concrete Gravity Dam
Shasta Dam impounds the Sacramento River in northern California. Like all
concrete gravity dams, Shasta Dam holds back the water in its reservoir,
Shasta Lake, by the sheer force of its weight. Built of solid concrete, the
massive structure rises 183 m (602 ft). It measures 165 m (542 ft) at the
base and just 9 m (30 ft) at the crest. This shape, typical of concrete gravity
dams, counteracts the force of the water pressing against the dam at the
bottom of the reservoir, where the pressure is most intense.

32.
Grand Dixence Dam
With a height of 285 m (935 ft), the Grand Dixence Dam in the Swiss Alps
is one of the tallest dams in the world. Waterpower generates the
majority of Switzerland’s domestic electricity and is the nation’s most
important natural resource.

33. Raúl Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, Venezuela
Located on the Caroní River in Venezuela,the Raúl Leoni hydroelectric plant
provides electricity for the entire country.
The plant was built on the site of a village called Guri and is named for a
Venezuelanpresident who served from 1964 to 1968.

34. 1 Itaipu Brazil/
Paraguay
12,600 1984
2 Guri Venezuela 10,300 1968
3 Grand Coulee United
States
6,480 1942
4 Sayano-
Shushensk
Russia 6,400 1980
5 Krasnoyarsk Russia 6,000 1968
6 La Grande 2 Canada 5,328 1982
7 Churchill Falls Canada 5,225 1971
8 Bratsk Russia 4,500 1964
9 Ust-Ilim Russia 4,500 1974
10 Tucurui Brazil 4,245 1984
Rank Name of Dam Location
Rated
Capacity
(Megawatts)
Year of
Completed
World’s Largest Dams
By Power Generating Capacity

35. 1 Owen Falls Uganda 204,800 1954
2 Kariba Zimbabwe
/Zambia
180,600 1959
3 Bratsk Russia 169,270 1964
4 Aswan High Egypt 168,900 1970
5 Akosombo Ghana 148,000 1965
6 Daniel Johnson Canada 141,852 1968
7 Guri
(RaulLeoni)
Venezuela 136,000 1986
8 Krasnoyarsk Russia 73,300 1967
9 W.A.C. Bennett Canada 70,309 1967
10 Zeya Russia 68,400 1978
Rank Name of Dam Country
Storage
Capacity
Cubic
Meters
Year of
Completed
World’s Largest Dams
By Storage Capacity

36. 1 Rogun Tajikistan 335 1989
2 Nurek Tajikistan 300 1980
3 Grand Dixence Switzerland 285 1961
4 Inguri Georgia 272 1980
5 Boruca Costa Rica 267 1990
6 Vaiont Italy 262 1961
7 Chicoasen Mexico 261 1980
8 Manuel M.
Torres
Mexico 261 1981
9 Alvaro
Obregon
Mexico 260 1946
10 Mauvoisin Switzerland 250 1957
Rank Name of Dam Country
Height
(m)
Year of
Completed
World’s Largest Dams
By Height