This document discusses hybrid vehicles and their benefits. It introduces various hybrid models like the Toyota Prius, Honda Insight, and Ford Escape hybrid. Hybrids improve gas mileage and reduce emissions by combining a gas engine with an electric motor. They lower US dependence on foreign oil and cut greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. The technology uses different power train designs to run efficiently on both gas and electric power. Future advances may replace nickel-metal hydride batteries with ultracapacitors to further improve performance and efficiency.

1. HYBRID VEHICLES
Darrel Adams & Victor Fragoso
Business Communication
11.28.2011

2. Overview
• Introduce benefits regarding hybrids
• Explain the empowering technology
• Hybrids are the future of motor vechicles
Abbreviations
• •CO2 – Carbon dioxide
• •HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
• •MPG – Miles per gallon
• •ICE – Internal combustion engine
• •EM – Electric motor
• •Ni-MH – Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
• •MPH – miles per hour
• •HP – horsepower
• •AT-PZEV – Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle

3. Environmental Benefits
• CO2, the primary greenhouse gas,
has been rising in quantity every year.
• Over time the greenhouse effect will
increase the average temperature on
Earth.
• Vehicle emissions are the #1
contributor to air pollution.
• Hybrid cars and trucks reduce
exhaust emissions by burning less
gas and through additional filtration.
AT-PZEV models have zero
evaporative emissions and are 90%
cleaner than normal.
Los Angeles Smog

4. Practical Benefits
. “Curbing our demand for petroleum
will help reduce U.S. oil dependence
and provide an incentive for auto
manufacturers to produce cleaner,
more energy-efficient vehicles.”
• Better gas mileage for hybrids
equates to saving money at the
gas pump.
• More efficient vehicles decrease
the United States dependence on
foreign petroleum suppliers
• Decreased oil demand also
lowers supply prices.
Hess Gasoline in Melbourne

5. Vehicle Efficiency Comparison
Prius: Toyota Prius
Insight: Honda Insight
Civic: Honda Civic Hybrid
Escape 2: Ford Escape HEV 2WD
Escape 4: Ford Escape HEV 4WD
Mustang: Ford Mustang
F-150: Ford F-150 Pickup
Ford Escape HEV, 2004 NY Auto Show

6. Hybrid Power Train Technology
Series: used for trains,buses, Parallel: used in Honda Insight Combination: used in Toyota
and large truckswhere an EM and Civic hybrid cars. Both Prius and Ford Escape
s most efficient for ICE and EM can work in hybrids. Allows full electric
accelerating a large mass. tandem, ICE can recharge drive at low speeds and more
battery, or braking can flexibility in charging.
recharge.

7. Technology Continued
Ford Economy Monitor
Toyota Prius Energy Monitor
• • Computer displays provide real-time gas
economy performance along with hybrid
system diagnostic information.
• • Ni-MH batteries are currently the energy
storage medium of choice, but they will be
soon replaced by vastly superior ultra-
capacitors.
Panasonic Ni-MH battery

8. Design Elements
To get the maximum fuel efficiency, the Insight
and Prius use generous weight reduction, fluid
body styling, and special tires to reduce wind
and rolling resistance. The Civic and Escape
hybrids keep to traditional styling. All four can
be equipped with Continuously Variable
Transmissions.
Honda Civic Hybrid Profile
Honda Insight Profile Toyota Prius Profile

9. Future of the hybrids
• DaimlerChrysler has said that to
succeed hybrids must offer dynamic
handling and driving pleasure, consume
less fuel than a diesel engine, be sold at
competitive price, and have a high
resale value.
• Manufacturers have met every design
challenge to make hybrids comfortable
and convenient to drive, so the primary
goals are to continue improving
economy and public reception.
• Ten hybrids in 2005 compared with 3 in
Hydrogen-fueled hybrids will someday replace
2004, so there are more options for gasoline-powered models, with the sole
consumers. exhaust emission of water vapor. Currently
General Motors is sponsoring a US Postal
Service demo in Washington, DC of fuel cell
vans.

10. Web References
• http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~bulitko/aws/photo/03-08-10476km/index-Pages/Image133.html
• http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3732274.stm.
• http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car.htm.
• http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggccebro/chapter1.html.
• http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_sbs.shtml
• http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/hybrid_news.shtml
• http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax_hybrid.shtml
• http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/overview.aspx?modelid=11254&src=LeftNav
• http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/overview.aspx?modelid=11450&src=vip
• http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/overview.aspx?modelid=11440&src=vip
• http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/overview.aspx?modelid=11048&src=LeftNav
• http://automobiles.honda.com/models/model_overview.asp?ModelName=Civic+Hybrid
• http://automobiles.honda.com/models/model_overview.asp?ModelName=Insight
• http://www.toyota.com/prius/
• http://www.fordvehicles.com/suvs/escapehybrid/
• http://unfcc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.html
• http://hybridcars.about.com/od/glossaryofhybridcarterm/g/pzev.htm
• http://oregonfuture.oregonstate.edu/gallery/23.html

11. Textual References
• Alexander, David. “Fueling the Next Generation.” Automotive Engineering Intl. Sept 2004. 73-7.
• Carney, Dan. “Lightweight Vehicle Engineering.” Automotive Engineering Intl. Aug 2004. 65-8.
• Jost, Kevin. “GM Fuel Cell for US Postal Service.” Automotive Engineering Intl. Sept 2004. 10-3.
• Jost, Kevin. “Ultracapacitors Charge Ahead.” Automotive Engineering Intl. Sept 2004. 46-53.
• Patterson, Allen. “The 2004 Toyota Prius.” Home Power. Sept 2004. 100-5.