Hybrid seed production India is one of the important country for seed production

1. HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN
TOMATO

2. CLIMATE
• Grows best in the warm and dry season
• Day temperature 21-25°C
• Night temperature of 15-20°C
• Temperature ˃ 30°C and ˂ 10°C is not
favorable
• Relative humidity 60-70℅

3. Planting and Spacing
• Seed of male parent should be sown 2-3
weeks earlier to ensure adequate supply of
pollen
• Planting ratio 5:1
• Spacing
– Female line = 80 x 60 cm
– Male line = 60 x 40 cm

4. ISOLATION
• Isolation of male and female parental lines is
not necessary
• Seed production field of two hybrids should
be isolated by 25 m

5. Hybridization technique
• Emasculation
– 55-65 Days before pollination

6. Male sterility
• First time used by Prof. C.M Rick 1945
• Types
– Sporogenous male-sterile mutants
– Functional male-sterile mutants
– Photoperiod sensitive male-sterile mutant
– Temperature dependent male-sterile mutant

7. Sporogenous male-sterile mutants
• Not determined
– Point of arrest in pollen development has not yet
been determined
• Premeiotic
– Pollen mother cell collapse or abort prior to
meiotic phase
• Meiotic
– Abnormalities in tapetal cell

8. Continued…..
• Tetrad
– Meiosis completed before pollen abortion. Tapetal
cell fail to expand to normal volume producing
small locules at anthesis.
• Microspore
– Pollen abortion after microspore formation
– Microspores do not enlarge

9. Functional male-sterile mutants
• Cleistogamous mutant
– Petals fails to open
• Dialytic mutant
– Growth of epidermal hairs on the anther surface is
prevented.
• Exserted stigma mutant
– Due to excessive length of style.

10. Continued……
• Positional sterile mutants
– Overlapping or curling of petals
– Holds the anthers in close contact with pistil
• Positional sterile-2 mutants
– Characterized by the presence of fertile pollen and
indehiscent anthers

11. Photoperiod sensitive male-sterile
mutant
• 100% male sterility in long days (LD 12 h day
length)
• Male fertility in short days (SD 8h)

12. Temperature dependent male-sterile
mutant
• Better fruit and seed set at 12°C than 24°C.

13. Pollination
• 8:00 to 11:00 am
• 2 to 3 days after emasculation

14. Fruit production
• No. of fruits to be kept depend on fruit size of
female parent
– 30 fruits for large fruited (80 g)
– 40 fruits for medium fruited (70-80 g)
– 50 or more fruits for small fruited (60 g or below)

15. Harvesting
• Ripened about 50-60 DAP
• Harvested at red ripe stage

16. Hybrid seed yield
• One kg fruit yields 2.5 to 4 g hybrid seed
• Determinate growth 40-50 kg seeds/ha
• Indeterminate 70-80 kg/ha