The document discusses the key elements of various forms of literature including poetry, short stories, essays, novels, and drama. It defines literature and describes its objectives to raise humanity and make people better. The main elements covered are plot, character, theme, setting, language, imagery, and symbolism. Forms of literature are also classified into escape and interpretive categories.

1. ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
AND THE
COMBINED ARTS

2. Great Literary writers and poets

3. • WHAT IS LITERATURE?

4. According from the BSCE-2A artistic
students…
• Group 1:
• The production of a literary work.
• A writing of prose or verse
• It can be the body of writings.
• These are poetry, novels, fiction and
non-fiction
• Nicholas sparks series, percy Jackson
series, Odysseus, Vampire Hunter,
greek gods, the Bible, Fifty Shades of
Freed, El Filibusterismo, Noli Me
tangere, Ibong adarna
• Group 2:
• Works of art that expresses feelings
• The product of creative imagination of the writers
into artistic written works.
• Creative writings that recognize artistic works
• A written work of art used to entertain/inform.
• An application of art o written works such as
poems,stories, essays,
• The creative use of words and power of feelings
into meanings and into complete literary works.
• Noli me tangere, el filibusterismo, last song, the
selection series, si nene ang batang mabait, the art
of war, biag ni lam-ang.

5. According from the BSCE-2A artistic students…
• Group 3:
• A written work
• A form of art
• All about expressing one’s emotion by doing art
• Expresses the beliefs of different cultures in a
form of writing.
• It is a way of expressing one’s opinion on a
certain subject.
• Guerilla is like a poet, new Yorker in tondo,
paglilitis ni mang serapio,
• Group 4:
• Literature is a production of
written works produce by an artist.
• The study of art in the form of
written works.
• Romeo and Juliet, forbidden love
conquers all, love has no distance
• Titanic, eternal love, age doesn’t
matter, the passion of Christ,
unconditional love, the parable of
the good Samaritan, the parable of
the prodigal son, cinderella

6. According from the BSCE-2A artistic students…
• Group 5:
• Used as a form of entertainment
especially on the olden days.
• Hamlet
• The love story of Florante and
Laura.
• The play of Ibong Adarna
• Making poems/literary pieces.

7. BSAT 2B expresses that:
Group of The Beadle:
• Expressing the feelings and ideas
through written works.
• Printed materials with deep and
important feelings and
emotions.
• Literature is full of different
feelings.
• The Hobbit, Fallen, The Fault in
our Stars, Les Miserables,
Twighlight Saga, Disederata,
Divergent
Group of Mr. Urbiztondo:
• Novels and poetry
• It is an art.
• Written works that provides
information.
• Shows expressions and feelings.
• It can be an occupation.
• Inspirational.
• Shakespeare works, Pride and
Prejudice, IF, Wuthering Heights,

8. BSAT 2B expresses that:
Group of Lascano:
• They are spoken materials
• Written materials, poems
• Have lasting importance
• Provides information about
something.
• Mulan, Cinderella, Les
Miserables, romeo and Juliet,
The fault in our stars, Percy
Jackson, Fifty Shades Trilogy,
Nicholas Sparks, Alamat, Hunger
Games, Twilight.
Group of Suan:
• It is all about printed materials
such as booklets, leaflets and
brochures that provide
information about something.
• Expression of feelings.
• Drama, poem, stories
• Florante at Laura, Ibong Adarna,
Harry Potter, Breaking Dawn,
vampire diaries, Percy Jackson,
hunger games.

9. BSAT 2B expresses that:
Group of Opelenia:
• A study of language
• It can be fiction or non-fiction
• Printed materials.
• An expression of feelings and
emotions through writing and
drama
• It can be published or non-
published.
• Anabel lee
• Juan Tamad
• Little Red riding hood
• The road not taken
• The tiger
• Ibong Adarna
• Florante at Laura
• The merchant of venice
• The little prince
• Tuwaang

10. What is LITERATURE?
• Literature is originated from the middle English; anglo-French and
from Latin Litteratura, writing, grammar, learning, from Litteratus.
• AN ARTIST’S OBJECTIVES IN writing a literary piece:
• To strive in raising the reader’s humanity
• To accomplish the purpose of making one a better
person, giving him a high sense of value

11. Important elements of
literature:
•Emotional Appeal
•Intellectual Appeal
•Humanistic Value

12. Emotional Appeal:
•Attained when the reader is
emotionally moved or
touched by any literary
work.

13. Intellectual appeal:
•Jose Rizal’s Noli me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo are good
examples. Both add knowledge
or information and remind the
reader of what he has
forgotten.

14. Humanistic value:
•Can be attained when the literary
work makes the reader an improved
person with a better outlook in
life and with a clear
understanding of his/her inner
self.

15. •CLASSIFICATION OF
LITERATURE:

16. CLASSIFICATION OF literature:
•ESCAPE LITERATURE
•INTERPRETATIVE LITERATURE

17. ESCAPE LITERATURE:
•Written for entertainment
purposes, that is, to help
us pass the time in an
agreeable manner.
•PLEASURE.

18. INTERPRETATIVE LITERATURE:
•Written to sharpen and broaden
our awareness of life.
•It takes us away from the real
world and enables us to
temporarily forget our troubles.
•PLEASURE and UNDERSTANDING.

19. •USES OF LITERATURE:

20. uses OF literature:
•Moralizing literature
•Propaganda LITERATURE
•Psychological continuum of the
individual-therapeutic value.

21. MORALIZING LITERATURE:
•Here, the purpose of literature
is to present moral values for
the reader to understand and
appreciate; the moral may be
directly or indirectly stated.

22. PROPAGANDA LITERATURE:
•This kind of literature is
found not only in history
books and marketing books but
also in some books describing
one’s personal success and
achievements in life.

23. Psychological continuum of the
individual-therapeutic value:
•It could be looked on as a
sophisticated modern elaboration
of the idea of catharsis – an
emotional relief experienced by
the reader thereby helping him
recover from a previous pent-up
emotion.

24. …poetry…
•ELEMENTS OF POETRY:

25. …poetry…
•Poetry is as universal as
language and almost as
ancient. Among the types of
literature, poetry is the most
challenging.

26. …elements of poetry…
•DENOTATION/CONNOTATION
•IMAGERY
•FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
•RHYTHM AND METER
•MEANING AND IDEA

27. DENOTATION/CONNOTATION:
•Denotation is the actual
meaning of a word derived from
the dictionary.
•Connotation is the related or
allied meanings of a word.

28. IMAGERY:
• This may be defined as the
representation of sense experience
through language.
• Images are formed as we see, hear,
taste, smell and touch; or we may
say that an image is the mental
duplication of sense impression.

29. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
•The most commonly used and the
most important of the figurative
language are the simile and
metaphor.
•Both are used as a means of
comparing things that are
essentially unlike.

30. RHYTHM AND METER:
•Meter, in language, is the
accents that are so arranged
as to occur at apparently
equal intervals of time.
Metrical language is called
verse.

31. MEANING AND IDEA:
•The meaning of a poem is the
experience it expresses. Here,
we can distinguish between the
total meaning of a poem and
its prose meaning.

32. •ELEMENTS OF THE SHORTSTORY:

33. ELEMENTS OF the short story:
•PLOT
•Character
•Theme
•Symbol and irony
•Language and style

34. PLOT:
•It is the sequence of
incidents or events of which a
story is composed. It might
consist merely of a sequence
of related actions.

35. Character:
•Most short stories involve
only one character.

36. theme:
• It is the controlling idea or the
central insight in a literary work.
It is the unifying generalization
about life stated or implied by the
story.

37. Symbol and irony:
•A literary symbol is something
that means more than what it is.
It is an object, a person, a
situation, an action or some
other item that has a literal
meaning in the story but suggests
or represents other meanings as
well.

38. •VERBAL IRONY - A figure of
speech in which the opposite was
said from what is intended.
•DRAMATIC IRONY – contrast
between what a character says and
what the reader knows is true.
•IRONY OF SITUATION – discrepancy
between appearance and reality,
expectation and fulfillment,
between what is said and what
seems appropriate

39. Language and style:
•Language refers to the idiom used
and how it is used. Style, refers
to the precise use of language,
both literary and figuratively.

40. •ELEMENTS OF THE essay:

41. ELEMENTS OF The essay:
• An essay is simply defined as a
literary composition on a particular
subject. It is usually short and
expresses the author’s personal
thoughts, feelings, experiences, or
observations on a phase of life that
has interested him.

42. ELEMENTS OF the ESSAY:
•The issue introduced
•The writer’s viewpoint and thought
•The relevance of the issue to the life of
the reader

43. • The issue introduced – This reflects
the actual purpose of the writer.
• The writer’s viewpoint and thought- The
final stand of the author, whether
he is for or against the discussed
issue.
• The relevance of the issue to the life of the
reader – This refers to the reader’s
perception, responsiveness and
enjoyment of the theme.

44. •ELEMENTS OF THE novel:

45. ELEMENTS OF THE novel:
•The novel is particularly
applicable to a long work of
prose fiction dealing with
characters, situations, and
scenes that represent those of
real life and setting and
action in the form of a plot.

46. ELEMENTS OF THE novel:
•Setting
•Plot
•Theme
•characters

47. setting:
•The setting of a novel covers the
time, the place, and the
background. It involves not only
geography but also the entire
climate of beliefs, habits, and
values of a particular region and
historical period.

48. PLOT:
•The plot is the skeleton or
framework which gives the shape
and proportion to the novel. It
can also be described as the
story itself, the actual events
or happenings in the novel.

49. Theme:
•It is the universal truth
found in the novel, the main
idea or topic.

50. characters:
•They are the moving spirit of
the novel.
•Characters involve two
qualities; morality and
personality.

51. •ELEMENTS OF drama:

52. •Drama utilizes plot and
character, develops a theme,
arouses emotion or appeals to
humor, and may be either escapist
or interpretative in its dealings
with life.

53. ELEMENTS OF Drama:
• Plot
• Character
• Thought
• Language
• Theme
• Climax/denouement
• Music and spectacle
• Costume and make up
• Scenery and lighting

54. •PLOT – the term used to mean
a summary of a play’s story.
It is the overall structure if
a play
•Character – must be shaped to
fit the needs of the plot. The
main character is called the
protagonist.

55. •Thought – thoughts include the
ideas and emotions implied by
the overall meaning of the
play, sometimes the theme.
•Language – a means of
expressing the character and
the thought dramatically.

56. • Theme – it is what the story means.
It may be directly or indirectly
stated.
• climax/denouement – the climax is the
scene or incident that is the
fruition of the accumulated
suspense, and that stirs the most
intense feelings or emotions.
Denouement is the working out of the
plot, following the climax.

57. •Music and spectacle – Spectacle
intensifies emotions.
•Costume and make up – Costumes
and make up worn by the
actors.
•Scenery and lighting – the
scenery suggests the scene.
Lighting varies with the
scene.